2025届高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(17)讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法： 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2、 高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练 Besides healthy soil, all plants also need water. This makes it hard to grow plants where it's dry. But researchers in Texas may have found a way to keep plants in dry areas from dying of thirst. They have developed a soil additive. When mixed into the ground, it will take water from the air to share with plants. Their invention is a super-moisture-absorbed gel (凝胶), or SMAG. It absorbs water from the air during the night. When the sun warms it the next day, that gel releases the water it holds into the root area of the plants. The gel-based material “can be used as a soil enhancer (强化剂), as well as a replacement for soil in greenhouses for crop planting,” said Mr. Brown. He's an engineer at the University of Texas-Austin. He led the team that developed the gel. Depending on the plants being grown, he said, this material could be “directly mixed with soil in certain amounts”. The research decided to use this process to aid plants. The gel they mix with soil absorbs morning dew (露水) and holds it. The next day, the gel will slowly release that water into the soil. The engineers tested the soil additive to grow plants on the roof of a building at the school. During an experiment, they compared plants grow n only in sandy soil with plants grow n in sandy soil that had been mixed with the gel. The gel-treated soil lost about 60 percent of the water that it had started with about a month earlier. By comparison, the untreated soil lost 80 percent of its water in just one week. Scientists believe future studies will help them understand if the gel could be used for larger, outdoor fields. If it can, the water collected by the gel-treated soil could allow crops to be grown in drier climates, where irrigation is not practical. 1. Why did the researchers develop SMAG? A. To make soil much softer. B. To protect water resources. C. To help soil get extra water. D. To increase agricultural output. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. Why did the researchers develop SMAG? 为什么研究人员要开发SMAG 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） Besides healthy soil, all plants also need water. This makes it hard to grow plants where it's dry. But researchers in Texas may have found a way to keep plants in dry areas from dying of thirst. They have developed a soil additive. When mixed into the ground, it will take water from the air to share with plants. 除了健康的土壤，所有的植物也需要水。这使得在干燥的地方很难种植植物。但德克萨斯州的研究人员可能已经找到了一种方法，可以防止干旱地区的植物因口渴而死亡。他们开发了一种土壤添加剂。当混合到地下时，它会从空气中吸收水分，与植物分享。 Their invention is a super-moisture-absorbed gel (凝胶), or SMAG. It absorbs water from the air during the night. When the sun warms it the next day, that gel releases the water it holds into the root area of the plants. 他们的发明是一种超吸湿凝胶(凝胶)，简称SMAG。它在夜间从空气中吸收水分。当第二天太阳使它变暖时，这种凝胶就会把它所含的水释放到植物的根部。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. Why did the researchers develop SMAG? 为什么研究人员要开发SMAG A. To make soil much softer. 使土壤更柔软。 B. To protect water resources.怎样保护水资源 C. To help soil get extra water. 帮助土壤获得额外的水分。（原文直接对应） D. To increase agricultural output.增加农业产量。 2. What can we learn about the use of SMAG? A. It can only be suitable for greenhouse crops. B. It should be used in the morning. C. It needs to be used after rain. D. It can be mixed with soil. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. What can we learn about the use of SMAG? 关于SMAG的使用，我们能了解到什么 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） The gel-based material “can be used as a soil enhancer (强化剂), as well as a replacement for soil in greenhouses for crop planting,” said Mr. Brown. He's an engineer at the University of Texas-Austin. He led the team that developed the gel. Depending on the plants being grown, he said, this material could be “directly mixed with soil in certain amounts”. 布朗先生说，这种凝胶基材料“可以用作土壤增强剂(强化剂)，也可以替代温室里种植作物的土壤”。他是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师。他领导的团队开发了这种凝胶。他说，根据种植的植物，这种材料可以“以一定数量直接与土壤混合”。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2. What can we learn about the use of SMAG? 关于SMAG的使用，我们能了解到什么 A. It can only be suitable for greenhouse crops. 它只能适用于温室作物。 B. It should be used in the morning.应该在早上使用。 C. It needs to be used after rain. 它需要雨后使用。 D. It can be mixed with soil.它可以与土壤混合（原文直接对应） 3. How did the engineers test the effect of SMAG? A. By comparing plants in different types of gel-treated soil. B. By comparing the gel-treated soil on roofs with that in greenhouses. C. By comparing different plants with the same kind of gel-treated soil. D. By comparing the water content of the gel-treated soil with that of the normal soil. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 3. How did the engineers test the effect of SMAG? 工程师是如何测试SMAG的效果的 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） The engineers tested the soil additive to grow plants on the roof of a building at the school. During an experiment, they compared plants grown only in sandy soil with plants grown in sandy soil that had been mixed with the gel. The gel-treated soil lost about 60 percent of the water that it had started with about a month earlier. By comparison, the untreated soil lost 80 percent of its water in just one week. 工程师们测试了土壤添加剂，以便在学校一栋建筑的屋顶上种植植物。在一项实验中，他们将仅在沙土中生长的植物与在混合了凝胶的沙土中生长的植物进行了比较。经过凝胶处理的土壤失去了大约一个月前开始的60%的水分。相比之下，未经处理的土壤在一周内损失了80%的水分。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 3. How did the engineers test the effect of SMAG? 工程师是如何测试SMAG的效果的? A. By comparing plants in different types of gel-treated soil.通过比较不同类型凝胶处理土壤中的植物。 B. By comparing the gel-treated soil on roofs with that in greenhouses.通过比较凝胶处理过的屋顶土壤和温室土壤。 C. By comparing different plants with the same kind of gel-treated soil.通过比较不同植物与同一种凝胶处理过的土壤。 D. By comparing the water content of the gel-treated soil with that of the normal soil.通过比较凝胶处理土壤与正常土壤的含水量。（原文直接对应） The engineers tested the soil additive to grow plants on the roof of a building at the school. During an experiment, they compared plants grown only in sandy soil with plants grown in sandy soil that had been mixed with the gel. 工程师们测试了土壤添加剂，以便在学校一栋建筑的屋顶上种植植物。在一项实验中，他们将仅在沙土中生长的植物与在混合了凝胶的沙土中生长的植物进行了比较。 Leading museums in the United States are covering up or closing displays featuring Native American cultural objects owing to new federal rules. The new regulations require museums to obtain “free, prior and informed permission” from tribal leaders before displaying ancestral heritage items. The American Museum of Natural History in New York City, the largest natural history museum in the world, announced on Jan 26 that it would close two halls spanning 10,000 square feet with Native American exhibits, as the exhibits are “severely outdated”. “The halls we are closing contain artifacts (历史文物) of an era when museums such as ours did not respect the values, perspectivesand indeed shared humanity of Native Americans,” museum President Sean Decatur said in a letter to the staff, The New York Times reported. “The number of cultural objects on display in these halls is significant, and because these exhibits are also severely outdated, we have decided that rather than just covering or removing specific items, we will close the halls,” Decatur said. The move comes because of the implementation (执行) in early January of update d regulations under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Over the next five years, museums, universities, art institutions and similar places are required to undertake essential updates to prepare all human remains and related funerary (葬礼的) objects for repatriation (遣送),making sure that tribes have more power and increased authority throughout the process. “The ultimate goal of the law is not to cover up exhibitions. It's not to prevent appropriate education about diverse native cultures. It's about repairing and repatriating items that have been stolen over the last couple of centuries and returning them to the rightful people,” Shannon O' Loughlin, the CEO of the Association on American Indian Affairs said. Chicago's Field Museum earlier this month also closed several displays featuring Native American cultural items. The Field Museum has one of the biggest collections of Native American remains in the country and opened a new permanent exhibition in the spring of 2022 that displaced the museum's longstanding Native American exhibition since the 1950s. Harvard University, which has more than 5,000 Native American human remains, has said it will remove all Native American funerary items from its exhibits. “Exhibitions have always been discussed during tribal discussions and cultural items have been removed from display at the tribal request. With the new NAGPRA regulations, the museum is in the process of removing all the funerary belongings and likely funerary belongings off display,” Harvard University’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, said in a statement. 1. What did Chicago's Field Museum do in the spring of 2022? A. It set about displaying Native American cultural objects. B. It handed funerary objects to American Indians. C. It collected some Native American belongings. D. It opened a new permanent exhibition. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. What did Chicago's Field Museum do in the spring of 2022? 芝加哥菲尔德博物馆在2022年春天做了什么? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） Chicago's Field Museum earlier this month also closed several displays featuring Native American cultural items. The Field Museum has one of the biggest collections of Native American remains in the country and opened a new permanent exhibition in the spring of 2022 that displaced the museum's longstanding Native American exhibition since the 1950s. 本月早些时候，芝加哥菲尔德博物馆也关闭了几场以美国原住民文化项目为特色的展览。菲尔德博物馆拥有美国最大的印第安人遗骸收藏之一，并于2022年春天开设了一个新的永久性展览，取代了该博物馆自20世纪50年代以来长期举办的印第安人展览。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. What did Chicago's Field Museum do in the spring of 2022? 芝加哥菲尔德博物馆在2022年春天做了什么? A. It set about displaying Native American cultural objects.它开始展示美洲原住民的文化物品。 B. It handed funerary objects to American Indians.它把陪葬品交给了美洲印第安人 C. It collected some Native American belongings.它收集了一些印第安人的遗物。 D. It opened a new permanent exhibition.它开设了一个新的常设展览。 2. How is Harvard University dealing with all the funerary belongings? A. By selling them to other people. B. By putting them in some labs. C. By taking them away from its exhibits. D. By covering them with pieces of cloth. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. How is Harvard University dealing with all the funerary belongings? 哈佛大学是如何处理这些随葬物品的 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） Harvard University, which has more than 5,000 Native American human remains, has said it will remove all Native American funerary items from its exhibits. “Exhibitions have always been discussed during tribal discussions and cultural items have been removed from display at the tribal request. With the new NAGPRA regulations, the museum is in the process of removing all the funerary belongings and likely funerary belongings off display,” Harvard University’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, said in a statement. 拥有5000多具美洲原住民遗骸的哈佛大学表示，将从其展品中移除所有美洲原住民的陪葬物品。“展览一直是在部落讨论期间讨论的，文化项目已应部落的要求从展览中删除。哈佛大学皮博迪考古与民族学博物馆在一份声明中说:“根据新的NAGPRA规定，博物馆正在移除所有的陪葬物品和可能的陪葬物品。” 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2. How is Harvard University dealing with all the funerary belongings? 哈佛大学是如何处理这些随葬物品的? A. By selling them to other people. 把它们卖给别人 B. By putting them in some labs.把它们放在实验室里。 C. By taking them away from its exhibits. 把他们从展览中带走。 D. By covering them with pieces of cloth.用布片盖住他们 With the new NAGPRA regulations, the museum is in the process of removing all the funerary belongings and likely funerary belongings off display,” Harvard University’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, said in a statement. 哈佛大学皮博迪考古与民族学博物馆在一份声明中说:“根据新的NAGPRA规定，博物馆正在移除所有的陪葬物品和可能的陪葬物品。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$