2025届高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(15) 讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法： 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2、 高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练 Shopping online appeals to the young and the old, but it can also be annoying for there’re too many choices. For example, I need a toy car for my son’s birthday, when searching for one toy car, I’m overwhelmed by several dozens of choices. To scan customer reviews can help get a better sense of products when we can’t judge for ourselves at a physical store. We may check out online recommendations before booking a haircut or visiting a new restaurant. But what happens if some of those reviews can’t be trusted? The Federal Trade Commission(FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down(打击) on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. The commission published a proposed rule that would prohibit companies from writing or selling fake reviews, buying positive reviews, suppressing negative reviews and more. "Our proposed rule on fake reviews shows that we’re using all available means to attack deceptive (欺骗性的) advertising in the digital age," Samuel Levine, director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection, said in a statement. Research shows people overwhelmingly consult online reviews, but humans are also bad at telling which consumer reviews hold water and which are nonsense. What potentially causes people to worry is that nearly one in every three reviews is fake, according to one estimate. In arguing for the proposal, the FTC cited enforcement actions it had taken against companies that manipulated(操控) reviews of their products. In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer King Flower to pay $4.2 million to settle accusations that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website - the first FIC action involving a company’s effort to hide negative reviews. Comments on the proposed rule have to be received within 60 days of its publication in the Federal Register, after which the FIC will decide whether to issue a revised final version. 1. Why is a proposed rule published by FTC? A. To help provide better products and services. B. To ensure true reviews are presented to customers. C. To prohibit unfriendly reviews from online stores. D. To prevent physical stores from breaking down. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. Why is a proposed rule published by FTC? 联邦贸易委员会为何公布拟议规则 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） The Federal Trade Commission(FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down(打击) on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. The commission published a proposed rule that would prohibit companies from writing or selling fake reviews, buying positive reviews, suppressing negative reviews and more. 美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)最近宣布，将提出新措施，打击虚假评论和其他误导消费者的做法(打击)。该委员会公布了一项拟议规则，禁止公司撰写或出售虚假评论、购买正面评论、压制负面评论等行为。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. Why is a proposed rule published by FTC? 联邦贸易委员会为何公布拟议规则? A. To help provide better products and services.以帮助提供更好的产品和服务。 B. To ensure true reviews are presented to customers.确保向客户提供真实的评论 C. To prohibit unfriendly reviews from online stores.禁止来自网上商店的不友好评论。 D. To prevent physical stores from breaking down.防止实体仓库崩溃。 The Federal Trade Commission(FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down(打击) on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. 美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)最近宣布，将提出新措施，打击虚假评论和其他误导消费者的做法(打击)。 2. Why was King Flower forced to pay million in a settlement in 2022? A. To delete false reviews of its products. B. To post positive reviews on its website. C. To resolve accusations of deceptive advertising. D. To prevent it from being criticized. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. Why was King Flower forced to pay million in a settlement in 2022? 2. 为什么国王花在2022年被迫支付百万和解金? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer King Flower to pay $4.2 million to settle accusations that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website - the first FIC action involving a company’s effort to hide negative reviews. 例如，在2022年，委员会迫使在线零售商King Flower支付420万美元，以解决其阻止负面评论在其网站上发布的指控，这是FIC第一次涉及公司隐瞒负面评论的行动 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2. Why was King Flower forced to pay million in a settlement in 2022? 为什么国王花在2022年被迫支付百万和解金? A. To delete false reviews of its products.删除对其产品的虚假评论。 B. To post positive reviews on its website.在网站上发表正面评论。 C. To resolve accusations of deceptive advertising.解决对欺骗性广告的指控。 D. To prevent it from being criticized.为了防止它被批评 In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer King Flower to pay $4.2 million to settle accusations that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website - the first FIC action involving a company’s effort to hide negative reviews. 例如，在2022年，委员会迫使在线零售商King Flower支付420万美元，以解决其阻止负面评论在其网站上发布的指控，这是FIC第一次涉及公司隐瞒负面评论的行动。 NASA(美国航空航天局) is looking for a new way to get its precious Mars samples back to the earth. Those samples are being collected by the Perseverance rover in Mars’ Jezero Crater, which hosted a lake and a river delta billions of years ago. Getting the samples is one of NASA’s top science goals. Studying unspoiled Red Planet material in well-equipped labs around the world could reveal key insights into Mars, including whether it has ever hosted life. The agency has had a Mars sample return (MSR) structure in place for some time now, but repeated delays and cost overruns seem to have made the original plan hard to realize. "The bottom line is that billion is too much,and not returning samples until 2040 is unacceptably too long," NASA chief Bill Nelson said during a call with reporters. That price tag is the upper-end estimate calculated by an independent review board. A team from within NASA analyzed those September results, determining that the agency won’t be able to get Perseverance’s samples back to Earth until 2040 with the established structure. NASA is now seeking a new way forward in an attempt to cut costs and get the samples here sooner. Saving money will aid other agency science projects, and speeding up the timeline could help the agency plan out manned Mars trips. The wheels on the new plan are already turning. NASA is asking the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California - its lead facility for robotic planetary exploration - and other agency research centers for innovative MSR ideas. NASA will hold an industry day and accept proposals. The goal is to have enough information on hand by late fall or early winter to begin charting a new path forward on MSR. MSR remains a top priority for NASA, despite the difficulty of the task. After all, no country has ever launched a rocket from the surface of another planet, though three countries have launched from the moon. "I think it’s fair to say that we are committed to bring back the samples, for this is an important national objective. " Nelson said. 1. What does Bill Nelson think of the original MSR structure? A. Efficient. B. Impractical. C. Sensible. D. Conservative. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. What does Bill Nelson think of the original MSR structure? Bill Nelson对最初的MSR结构有什么看法 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） The agency has had a Mars sample return (MSR) structure in place for some time now, but repeated delays and cost overruns seem to have made the original plan hard to realize. "The bottom line is that billion is too much,and not returning samples until 2040 is unacceptably too long," NASA chief Bill Nelson said during a call with reporters. That price tag is the upper-end estimate calculated by an independent review board. A team from within NASA analyzed those September results, determining that the agency won’t be able to get Perseverance’s samples back to Earth until 2040 with the established structure. 该机构已经有了火星样本返回(MSR)结构一段时间了，但一再延误和成本超支似乎使最初的计划难以实现。美国国家航空航天局局长比尔·纳尔逊在与记者的电话会议上说:“最重要的是，10亿太多了，直到2040年才返回样本太长了，这是不可接受的。”这个价格标签是由一个独立审查委员会估算的上限。美国宇航局内部的一个团队分析了9月份的结果，确定该机构要到2040年才能将毅力号的样本带回地球 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. What does Bill Nelson think of the original MSR structure? Bill Nelson对最初的MSR结构有什么看法? A.Efficient. 有效的 B.Impractical. 不切实际的=hard to realize,同义替换 C.Sensible. 明显的 D.Conservative.保守的 2. Why is NASA seeking a new way to get its Mars samples back to Earth? A. The current method is costly and takes too long. B. The current method is too risky and unreliable. C. It takes a sophisticated container to convey the samples. D. The samples have been spoiled and need to be handled differently. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. Why is NASA seeking a new way to get its Mars samples back to Earth? 为什么美国宇航局要寻找一种新的方法将火星样本带回地球 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） NASA is now seeking a new way forward in an attempt to cut costs and get the samples here sooner. Saving money will aid other agency science projects, and speeding up the timeline could help the agency plan out manned Mars trips. 美国国家航空航天局现在正在寻找新的方法，试图降低成本，更快地将样品送到这里。节省资金将有助于该机构的其他科学项目，加快时间表可以帮助该机构计划载人火星之旅。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2. Why is NASA seeking a new way to get its Mars samples back to Earth? 为什么美国宇航局要寻找一种新的方法将火星样本带回地球 A. The current method is costly and takes too long.目前的方法既昂贵又耗时。 B. The current method is too risky and unreliable.目前的方法风险太大，也不可靠。 C. It takes a sophisticated container to convey the samples.运送样品需要一个精密的容器。 D. The samples have been spoiled and need to be handled differently.样品已经变质，需要换一种方式处理。 NASA is now seeking a new way forward in an attempt to cut costs and get the samples here sooner. 美国国家航空航天局现在正在寻找新的方法，试图降低成本，更快地将样品送到这里。 【解题技巧】这是正话反说，属于原文推导，既然新方法可以节省成本而且可以很快地把产品送达，反向推导那么就是目前方法就是高成本，而且很耗时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$