Unit 6 Grammar教案2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语七年级上册

教 学 内 容 7A Unit 6 Grammar 教 学 目 标 1. 名词的分类及数的变化 2.重点词汇、短语 重 难 点 1. 掌握名词复数的变化规则及特殊情况 2.熟练掌握并运用新单词和词组。 教学过程 Step 1 Language points 1 sheep n. 绵羊 e.g. Wool comes from sheep. 羊毛出在羊身上。 Sheep are lovely animals. 绵羊是可爱的动物。 【重点】sheep是可数名词，其复数形式是sheep,与原型相同，即单复数同形。 与sheep一样单复数同形的名词有：、 单数 复数 含义 deer deer 鹿 Chinese Chinese 中国人 Japanese Japanese 日本人 e.g. How many deer can you see? 【测一测】-How many can you see in the picture? -Two. A.dog B.child C. sheeps D.sheep 2 piece /pi:s/ n.块(片,张,件.....) eg:He cut the cake into small pieces. 他把蛋糕切成了小块。 【拓展】常用搭配: a piece of一块(片,张,件......). eg: a piece of land-一片土地 a piece of wood一块木头 3 a packet of salt一包盐 eg: I need to buy a packet of salt. 我需要买一包盐。 There are two packets of salt on the table. 桌子上有两包盐。 salt是不可数名词,而不可数名词要表示一定的数量时,通常要借助于量词,如:piece,glass,bottle,bag,box,kilo等。其结构为: 【重点】不定冠词/基数词+量词+of+不可数名词, 若表示的数量大于“二”时,则将量词变为其复数形式。 常用的有: 单数 复数 a piece of meat 一块肉 two pieces of meat 两块肉 a glass of water 一杯水 three glasses of water 三杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁 four bottles of juice 四瓶果汁 a bag of rice 一袋大米 five bags of rice 五袋大米 a box of chalk 一盒粉笔 six boxes of chalk 六盒粉笔 a kilo of beef 一千克牛肉 four kilos of beef 四千克牛肉 可数名词在需要时也可用此方式表示。 eg: a basket of eggs 一篮鸡蛋 two bowls rice(错误) 4 cup n.茶杯,杯 cup是可数名词,其复数形式是cups. a cup of..."一杯......"。 eg: There are some cups on the table. 桌子上有一些杯子。 Would you like a cup of tea?你想要杯茶吗? 【测一测】 Will you please pass me a (杯) of tea? 5 kilo n.千克,公斤 【重点】名词kilo是可数名词,其复数形式是kilos. 常用短语:a kilo of...“一公斤....", two kilos of...“两公斤......”. eg: He needs to buy a kilo of beef. 他需要买一公斤的牛肉。 My schoolbag is two kilos. 我的书包两公斤重。 【拓展】与名词kilo一样以o结尾的名词变复数加-s的有: radio-radios(收音机) photo-photos(相片) 6 bottle n.瓶子 eg:There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。 bottle是可数名词,其复数形式为bottles。a bottle of..."一瓶......”. eg:I want a bottle of water. 我想要一瓶水。 7 buy v.买 eg:She seldom buys things.她很少买东西. My mum often buys chocolate for me. 我妈妈经常给我买巧克力。 及物动词 buy 后面可直接跟名词,即: buy sth.“买某物”, buy sth.for sb.=buy sb.sth.“给某人买某物”. eg:I want to buy some books for my daughter. =I want to buy my daughter some books.我想要给我女儿买一些书。 【拓展】与buy 同样可接双宾语的动词及其结构的有: give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.给某人某物 show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.把某物展示给某人 pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人 send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.发送某物给某人 Step 2 Grammar A.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词 Linda 琳达 boy 男孩 dog 狗 table 桌子 park 公园 Paris 巴黎 peace 和平 courage 勇气 B．名词的分类 总的来说，英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类 专 有 名 词 人名、星期、月份、节日、城市、建筑、团体、机构的名称等 Peter , Sonw White , Sunday , April , Christmas Day , China , London , the United Nations 联合国， the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 普 通 名 词 可 数 名 词 个体名词 doctor医生，teacher老师， orange桔子，desk课桌 集合名词 police 警察，people 人民，family 家庭， army 军队 ，class 同学 不 可 数 名 词 抽象名词 time 时间fun 玩笑，kindness 善意， idea 主意，knowledge 知识 youth 青春 ， love 爱 ， 物质名词 rice 大米，water 水，fire 火，air 空气 C.名词的数 可数名词与不可数名词： 可数名词由单数变为复数形式，其构成方法分为规则和不规则两种 可数名词复数变化规则 一般名词复数构成法 构成法 例词 一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加s book-books, day-days, desk-desks 以-s, -x,，-ch，-sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加es class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将y变成i后加es 以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接+s city-cities, country-countries, factory-factories boy-boys, key-keys, guy-guys 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般将f或fe变成v后，再加es leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knives, half-halves, shelf-shelves 以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，一般在词尾加es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes， zoo-zoos, radio-rodios, photo – photos 名词复数的不规则变化 某些名词的不规则复数形式构成法 构成法 例词 变内部元音 foot—feet，man—men tooth—teeth，woman—women , policewoman—policewomen 单复数同形 fish-fish ,deer-deer ,sheep-sheep ,Chinese-Chinese Japannese- Japanese, Swiss,yuan 完全不规则 child-children, mouse-mice, ox- oxen 复合名词 主要词改复数 boy student- boy students 含man和woman的前后两个词都改复数 man doctor – men doctors woman teacher – women teachers 注：有些词只有复数形式 如：trousers，glasses(眼镜), shoes等。 不可数名词： 英文中的不可数名词不易把握，我们不能按照汉语的思维去判断一个名词到底是可数还是不可数，因此，对于不可数名词需要强化记忆，但总的来讲不可数名词是有规律的； 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词，表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词，一般不分单数和复数，这类词通常不可以和不定冠词连接，也不可以加上基数词表示个数，因此，不可数名词要计量的话，就得用单位词，学过的不可数名词有：news，paper，milk，orange（桔子汁），bread， chalk，truth，water，rice，work，housework，homework，luck，ink，meat，money ，sugar， grass，ice等等。 1 物质名词通常不可数 液体beer, blood, coffee,cream,honey,juice,milk,oil,tea,water,wine 固体：bread,butter,cheese,ice,ice-cream,meat,beef,chicken,fish 气体：air,fog,smoke 2 抽象名词通常不可数 advice,anger,beauty,confidence,fun,happiness,health,information,love,peace,luck 3 总称的名词通常不可数 总称名词（不可数） 部分名词（可数） furniture(家具) chair,table,bed fruit(水果) apple,orange,banana jewelry(珠宝) ring(戒指)，earring（耳环）necklace（项链） luggage bag(包) suitcase（手提箱） 4 不可数名词的度量 1）不可数名词前面不能加冠词a/an 如: a water, a bread, an advice, a furniture 2) 不可数名词没有复数形式 如：two waters, two breads，ten advices 3) 表示不可数名词的数量，可以借用量词（单位词）来表示其量的概念;不同类型的不可数名词所使用的量词也不一样，一般规则如下： 修饰词 例词 短语 用piece，bit修饰的抽象名词，物质名词 Advice/cake／chalk／ice／meat／music／news／paper／work／sugar；a bit of bread／grass／news／trouble／wood/furniture/ information, a piece of news,two pieces of news, several pieces of furniture 用bottle,cup,drop,glass修饰液体 beer,blood,coffee,milk, tea,water,wine several drops of blood, a glass of milk,two cups of coffee 随堂练习 一、根据句意及提示完成单词 1.I want to buy a (片)of bread. 2.Bring me a g of milk. 3.Pass me some (盐),please. 4.There are some nice (瓶子)on the shelf. 5.We can see some lovely__ (sheep)on the hill. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 6.-Mike,we don't have any salt.Please go and buy (一包盐). -Yes,Mum. 7.-Do you want to buy (三公斤土豆)? -Yes. 8.What do we (需要买)? 9.I usually (早餐吃两片面包). 10.I want to (买一份礼物给)my mother. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 11.Grandma needs some (cake).Let's buy some for her. 12.Our English teacher often tells us interesting (story)in class. 13.There are two_ (box)of sweets on the table. 14.There are many (watch)there.I don't know which one to choose(选择). 15.Look at the (photo).How beautiful they are! 16.I'd like to buy two （radio） 17.There used to be many (wolf)in the forest,but the number of them is getting smaller and smaller now. 18.How many books are there on those (shelf)? 19.-Is everything ready,Tom? -No,we need some more (knife) to cut something. 20. (sheep)are grazing(吃青草)in the fields. 21.There are ten (woman)in the room. 22. (child)like playing computer games. 23.It is important to brush your_ (tooth)twice a day. 24.In China, (mooncake)are the traditional food on the Mid-Autumn Festival. 25.Miss Green advised us to decorate a card for each other with those (leaf). 四、单项选择 26.-Would you like some__? -Oh,yes,just a little. A.milk B.apple C.pears D.oranges 27.I'm going to the supermarket to buy some this afternoon. A.paper and pencil B.apples and banana C.milk and eggs D.bowl and spoons 28.-Are you thirsty? -Yes,please give us A.three bottle water B.three bottle of water C.three bottles of water D.three bottles of waters 29.Don't eat too much .It's bad for your teeth. A.fruit B.beef C.sweet food D.vegetables 30.Tom is in good health,because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy . A.food B.water C.pear D.carrot 五、按要求完成句子 31.These are old cars.(改为单数形式) old car. 32.There are fifty students in our class.(对画线部分提问) students are there in your class? 33.There's only a little water in the river.(对画线部分提问) water is there in the river? 34.A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words.(改为复数形式) useful for us to understand new words. 35.There are some orange dresses on the bed.(改为单数形式) orange dress on the bed. 六、请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词 In China,there are many d kinds of food. Some of them are very popular(流行的).The real Chinese f is dumplings.Now let's talk a them. Everyone in C likes dumplings very m .Some dumplings have meat and vegetables in them; others have sugar,eggs and so on.I like dumplings w vegetables and pork better than any other kind. Usually people make dumplings at h .If you have no time to make them,you can b them from a supermarket.The Spring Festival is very i in China.When it comes,we make dumplings. Sometimes we put a coin(硬币)in a dumpling. If one eats the dumpling with the coin in it,he will be lucky in the y .How interesting the Spring Festival is! Period 3 -,1.piece 2.glass 3.salt 4.bottles 5.sheep :本题用题眼法。 由句中some可 知后接可数名词时用复数形式,sheep的单复数同形。眼豪17号 二16.a packet of salt 7.three kilos of potatoes :注意“三公斤” 用 kilo 的复数形式 kilos,“ 土豆” 也用复数 potatoeso 8.need to buy 9.have two pieces of bread for breakfast 10.buy a present for 三,11.cakes 12.stories 13.boxes :本题用题眼法。 由题干中two可知后接可数名词复数。 14.watches :本题用题眼法。 由题干中 many 可知后接可数名词复数形式。 15.photos :本题用前后呼应法。 由后面的 they are 可知前面应用可数名词复数。 16.radios 17.wolves 处点 心 18.shelves :本题用题眼法。由those可知后接可数名词复数。 19.knives 20.Sheep 21.women 22.Children 23.teeth 24.mooncakes 25.leaves 四、26.A :考查名词的用法。 由答语中 “just a little”可知问句提问的是不可数名词,B、CD项为可数名词,故排除。 选A。 27.C 28.C :句意:一一你们口渴吗?一一是的,请给我们三瓶水。 water是不可数名词 (不加s),表达一定数量使用表达数量的短 语...bottle(s)of water,表示“三瓶”用 three bottles。故选C 29.C :too much 后接不可数名词,排除 D。 由第二句句意“对你的牙齿不好。”可知是吃甜食,故选C。 30.A :考查名词辨析。food"食品”;water “水”;pear“梨”;carrot"“胡萝 卜”。 句意:汤 姆身体很健康,因为他经常锻炼并且吃很多健康食品。 故选 A。 五,31.This is an :本题用转化法。these are 的单数形式为 this is,old cars 的单数形式为an old caro 32.How many :对可数名词的数量提问用how manyo 33.How much :询问不可数名词的“数量”要用 how mucho 34.Dictionaries are :句意:词典对于我们 理解新单词很有用。 辅音字母加 y 结尾的 单词变复数时,应把 y 变成 i, 再加 es。 dic- tionary 的复数形式是 dictionaries;is的复数是areo 35.There's an :There are的单数形式是There is;orange 以元音音素开头,前用不定冠词an。 xol 12.09 六,36.different 37.food .38.about 39.China . 40.much 41.with nos onl. 42.home 43.buy noV.0e m. 44.important 45.year 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$