03 必修二 Unit 3 On the move 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（外研版2019）

必修第二册 Unit 3　On the move 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 满意，满足 2． n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争 3． v. 向……保证，使确信 4． adj. 理想的，最好的 5． n. 显示器 6． n. 人际关系网，联络网 7． v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛 8． adj. (目标等)最终的 9. n. 冲浪(运动) 10． adj. 塑料制的 11． n. 因素，要素 12． n. (形势或事态的)意外转折 13． n. 士兵，军人 14． v. 监视，监测 15． adj. (位置)较上的，较高的，上面的 16． n. 骨头，骨 17． n. 大师，能手 18． n. 资料，数据 19． n. 标签，标记 20． n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠军， 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1. v. 代表，表示→ n. 代表；代理人　adj. 有代表性的，典型的 2． n. 基础；根据→ adj. 基本的；基础的 → n. 底部；垒；基础 3． n. 装备，设备，用具→ v. 装备，配备 4． v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫→ n. 防御；防卫；国防机构；答辩 5． n. 死，死亡→ adj. 无生命的；废弃了的；呆板的 → v. 死亡；消失；凋谢 6． n. (机器、仪器等调控装置的)设定位置，调节点→ n. 集合；一套；布景；装置 vt. 树立；点燃；放；设置；调整好 7． adj. 可调整的，可调节的→ n. 调整， 调节 → v. 校准；调整，使……适合 8． adj. 可用的，可获得的→ n. 可利用性；可得到的东西(或人)；可得性 9． n. 平衡→ adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的 10． v. 包含，需要→ adj. 卷入的；有关的；复杂的 → n. 参与；加入；插手 11． n. 回答，答复→ v. 回答；作出反应；承担责任 12． v. 理解，了解 ，解释；翻译→ n. 口译工作者；口译译员 13． n. 力量→ adj. 强大的；强有力的→ adj. 无权力的；无力量的→ adv. 强大地；强烈地 14． n. 紧张，焦虑→ adj. 拉紧的；紧张的 15． v. 消失，不见→ n. 消失，丢失→ vi. 出现， 显现；产生， 出版　link v. 显得， 似乎→ n. 出现，显露，露面 16． adj. 满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→ n. 汗；水珠 17． v. 鼓舞，激励→ n. 灵感；妙计；鼓舞→ adj. 有灵感的；能力卓越的→ adj. 鼓舞人的；使人感兴趣的 18． v. 说服，劝服→ n. 劝说；说服(力)→ adj. 能说服的；善于游说的 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1． 全世界 2． 尽情地，心满意足地 3． 由……制成 4． 此外，而且 5． 拆除，消除 6． 爆发，发生 7． 放下 8． 谈论 9． 追溯到；回到；恢复 10． 被用于做某事 11． 和……作比较 12． 跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 13． 无论……还是…… 14． 也，而且 15． 使某人能做某事 16． 下单 17． 对……有好处 18． 制定出；算出，解决 19． 数万；数以万计 20． 因为，由于 21． 取得联系 22． 参加 23． 为了相同的目的 24． 即将发生 25． 有时，偶尔 26． 反过来；依次；轮流地 27． 筹资 28． 消失，绝迹，灭绝 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① represent v. 代表，表示(教材P26) 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)He represents himself ________ an expert, but he knows nothing. ②They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. ③British scientists first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, ________ (represent) of those of most of us. 　一句多译 ④我非常高兴代表我们学校通知您一些有关即将到来的排球比赛的详细信息。 ________________________， I'm more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information about the coming volleyball game. ＝________________________， I'm more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information about the coming volleyball game. ② content n. 满意，满足(教材P26) 　 写出content在下列句中的词性及词义 ①There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. ________ ②Did Nielsen then feel content in his career？________ ③(牛津高阶)At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book.________ ④(牛津高阶)My apology seemed to content him.________ ⑤Our courses, totalling 20，000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.________ 　 单句表达 ⑥(牛津高阶)既然没有奶油，我们只好喝清咖啡算了。 As there's no cream, we'll have to ____________________ black coffee. ⑦(剑桥高阶)他们满足于与一小群人交往。 They're ________________ with a very small circle of people. ⑧(朗文当代)她躲在图书馆里，在那里她可以尽情地读书。 She took refuge in the library, where she could read ____________________． ③ defend v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫(教材P26) 　 单句语法填空 ① “Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended ________ (she). ②Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear ________ (defend) actions we knew. ③(剑桥高阶)All I can say, ________ defence of my actions, is that I had little choice. ④(牛津高阶)I have to say in ________ (she) defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 　 单句表达 ⑤(牛津高阶)我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 All our officers are trained ________________________ knife attacks. ④ conflict n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争(教材P27) 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)The results of the new research would seem to conflict ________ existing theories. ②(剑桥高阶)His outspoken views would frequently bring him ________ conflict with the president. 　 单句表达 ③(牛津高阶)这些观念有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。 Many of these ideas appear to be ______________ each other. ⑤ balance n. 平衡(教材P30) 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)We were struggling to keep ________ (we) balance as the boat rolled. ②(中国日报)About 80 percent of kids in China lack after－school sports activities, while many parents still lack basic knowledge about the importance of a ________ (balance) diet. ③(牛津高阶)She balanced the attractions of a high salary ________ the prospect of working long hours. 　 单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)我们公司尽管存在某些不足之处， 总的来看这一年还是相当不错的。 Despite some failures, our firm has had quite a good year ____________． ⑥ involve v. 包含，需要(教材P31) [名师点津]　involved作前置定语和后置定语时的意义不同： the problem involved 所涉及的问题 the involved problem 复杂的问题 　 单句语法填空 ①There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become ________ (involve), including workshops and events. ②We all need to get involved ________ saving energy whether it's at work, at home, or at school. ③(剑桥高阶)The operation involves ________ (put) a small tube into your heart. 　句式升级 ④I get involved in volunteer work, so I have learned a lot. →________________________， I have learned a lot.(过去分词短语作状语) →________________________， I have learned a lot.(现在分词短语作状语) ⑦ response n. 回答，答复(教材P31) 　 单句语法填空 ①This one stranger responded beautifully _______my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one. ②Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) ________ (respond)? ③Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much ________ response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 　 句型转换 ④(中国日报)The tragic loss of dozens of lives in the floods in Zhengzhou has taught the whole country a lesson to be better prepared to respond to extreme weather incidents. →The tragic loss of dozens of lives in the floods in Zhengzhou has taught the whole country a lesson to be better prepared to ____________________ extreme weather incidents. ⑧ power n. 力量(教材P33) 　 单句语法填空 ①Jennifer is a first－generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty ________ (power). ②(剑桥高阶)You were acting ________ your powers when you agreed to give her a pay rise. ③(牛津高阶)The Government has been ________ power for two years. 　 单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)我将尽全力帮助你。 I will do everything ________________ to help you. ⑤(牛津高阶)这一届政府是经最近大选后上台执政的。 This government ________________ at the last election. ⑨ inspire v. 鼓舞，激励(教材P34) 　 单句语法填空 ①The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen ________ (make) a career in acting. ②For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an ________ (inspire) for Western creative. ③There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are ________ (inspire) up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life. 　句型转换 ④(牛津高阶)Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence. →Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not ________________________． ⑩ persuade v. 说服，劝服(教材P35) [名师点津]　persuade sb to do sth表示“说服某人做某事”；若表示“试图说服某人做某事而结果不一定时”，则用try to persuade sb to do sth或advise sb to do sth。 　单句语法填空 ①I tried to persuade her ________ (see) a doctor, but I failed. 　句型转换 ②The young mother persuaded her son to have a cup of milk. →The young mother ________________________ a cup of milk. ③We persuaded him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man. →We ________________________ his money to that untrustworthy man. ① break down 打破；消除；出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；(谈判，计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解(教材P27) 　 介词、副词填空 ①(朗文当代)They broke ________ from the national union and set up their own local organization. ②(朗文当代)Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ________？ ③(牛津高阶)The meeting broke ________ at eleven o'clock. ④(牛津高阶)His house was broken ________ last week. 　单句表达 ⑤(2020·北京高考)一次性使用的塑料袋需要数百年才能分解。 It takes single－use plastic bags hundreds of years ________________． ② in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地(教材P33) [名师点津]　(1)by turns是“交替地；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行； (2)in turn表示“按顺序”。 　 单句语法填空 ①Now that we have finished the design, it is ________ their turn to construct. ②(朗文当代)Dan and I usually take turns ________ (cook). ③(牛津高阶)He gets cheerful and depressed ________ turns. 　 单句表达 ④(朗文当代)利率下调，股价随之上涨。 Interest rates were cut and, ____________， share prices rose. ⑤(剑桥高阶)轮到你洗餐具了！ It's your turn ____________ the washing up! ③ die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝(教材P33) 　 用die的相关短语填空 ①(2020·浙江高考1月)Every year over 500，000 children ____________ diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. ②(朗文当代)The wild population of koalas is in danger of ____________． ③To his great sorrow, his chickens were ____________ from the disease. 　 单句表达 ④你曾说想教我英语作为回报，这确实就是我所渴望的。 You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return, which is exactly what ________________________． ⑤(牛津高阶)掌声平息后她便开始演讲了。 When the applause had ____________， she began her speech. given that引导的条件状语从句 Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！(教材P26)考虑到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想带着足球登月，我们甚至可以说它也是全宇宙中最受欢迎的运动了！ (1)given that引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，此时given为介词，相当于considering。 (2)其他引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if (如果), unless (除非，如果不), as/so long as (只要), considering (that) (考虑到，鉴于), suppose/supposing (that) (假设；假定), provided/providing (that) (只要，如果), on condition that(条件是), in case(万一)等。 　 单句语法填空 ①________ (give) that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job. ②(2021·浙江高考)________ I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor, providing company and transportation. ③There is a discount for the cost of the 6­week English course ________ (provide) that you pay in advance. 　 单句表达 ④你可以使用这个房间，条件是保持房间干净整洁。 You can use this room ________________ you keep it clean and organized. ⑤(中国日报)我的个性意味着，只要我是一名运动员，我就永不言弃。 My personality means I will never say die ________________________． （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(牛津高阶)Your statement is ________ conflict with the rest of the evidence. 2．(牛津高阶)Politicians are skilled at defending themselves ________ their critics. 3．(牛津高阶)Martina contented herself ________ a single glass of wine. 4．(中国日报)Trucks carrying water and food streamed into the city on Sunday, while ________ (soldier) laid sandbags to fill gaps in river dikes that left neighborhoods under water. 5．(2021·全国乙卷)Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to ________ (appear). 6．(中国日报)The first time I came to Kangbashi, I fell ________ love with it. 7．(朗文当代)It's ________ the power of the court to make such a decision. 8．(中国日报)Recent events have inspired him ________ (look) at broader questions around the human condition, as well as the relationship between reality and perception. 9．(朗文当代)Don't let yourself be persuaded ________ buying things you don't want. 10．(牛津高阶)The height of the bicycle seat is ________ (adjust). Ⅱ.选词填空 go back to; to one's heart's content; around the corner; what's more; die out; break down; be terrified of; break out; put down; be shaped like 1．(牛津高阶)Fighting had ____________ between rival groups of fans. 2．(牛津高阶)Attempts must be made to ________ the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two communities. 3．The building ____________ a cross or the letter T． 4．(朗文当代)The building ____________ Roman times. 5．(牛津高阶)I'm having a party next Saturday; ________ it _____ in your diary so you don't forget. 6． One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. ____________， reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. 7．(中国日报)Each resort has cherry trees, where visitors can pick the fruit from the trees and eat them for free and ____________． 8．With Christmas just ____________， you should start your festive cooking now. 9．(牛津高阶)This species has nearly ____________ because its habitat is being destroyed. 10．I ____________ the tiger when I first saw it at the zoo. Ⅲ.单句表达 1．他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。 He documented his journey as he set about treating nature a brand ________________ to young people. 2．2004年，当我回到伦敦时，我发现自己徘徊在南岸，在那里待了几个小时。 When I returned to London in 2004, I ________________________ down to Southbank, spending hours there. 3．他像平常一样把他的自行车停在了后门外面。 He parked his car outside the back door ____________________． 4．他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手，一位了不起的运动员。 He's the best opponent I've ________________ this season, a great player. 5．我通常花钱是很明智的，考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。 Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, ______________ I don't earn that much. （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 定语从句 考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若是表示人，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物，就只能用which。 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb. for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John, without whose help I couldn't have finished my task. 我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among ________ is Su.[2023·济南名校高三交流联考] 2．Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies.[2023·江西重点中学协作体联考] 3．Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ________ contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch.[2023·浙江镇海中学考前模拟] 巩固训练夯提 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The app does this by monitoring their time ________the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟] 2．The six greatest 18th-century carved marble (大理石) sculptures in the East Sculpture Hall ________ sustained the most damage will receive conservation treatment.[2023·潍坊市高考模拟] 3．An additional reason ________ it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free.[2023·南京市考前训练题一] 4．In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm, a place ________ people can store and trade seeds.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二] 5．This story about self-respect and self-love, ________ characters are Chinese, is set in Europe.[2023·河北省张家口市一模] 6．The first space launch led to the first human space flight, ________ led to the first moonwalk.[2023·威海市高考模拟] 7．The Double Ninth Festival is also a time ________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms.[2023·泰安市全真模拟] 8．Gig workers, often referred to as independent contractors (承包人) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ________ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services for their clients.[2023·广东省六校第一次联考] 9．By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, ________ were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume.[2023·福州高三起点调研] 10．Shaxian snacks is a shining example of Chinese food chain brands, ________ most likely include foods such as steamed dumplings, noodles and huntun.[2023·辽宁省五校联考] Ⅱ.语段填空(用适当的关系词填空) There was a time 1.________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this is the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，3.________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________ we did. My father and the guide 7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.________ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.________ our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.” Ⅲ.写作运用 完成下面短文，注意定语从句的运用。 1．________________________ (众所周知), high school life is an important turning point and 2.______________________________________ (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所)．My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record 3.________________________ (我们的在校经历)． Material collecting took us a whole week, 4．__________________________________________________________________ (在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面)．Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.5.________________________________ (播放录像的那一天), it was well received.The students and teachers shared a great time, 6.____________________________________ (这当然给了我们很大的成就感)． $$必修第二册 Unit 3　On the move 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. content n. 满意，满足 2．conflict n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争 3．assure v. 向……保证，使确信 4．ideal adj. 理想的，最好的 5．display n. 显示器 6．network n. 人际关系网，联络网 7．ache v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛 8．ultimate adj. (目标等)最终的 9. surfing n. 冲浪(运动) 10．plastic adj. 塑料制的 11．factor n. 因素，要素 12．twist n. (形势或事态的)意外转折 13．soldier n. 士兵，军人 14．monitor v. 监视，监测 15．upper adj. (位置)较上的，较高的，上面的 16．bone n. 骨头，骨 17．master n. 大师，能手 18．data n. 资料，数据 19．label n. 标签，标记 20．champion n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠军， 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1.represent v. 代表，表示→representative n. 代表；代理人　adj. 有代表性的，典型的 2．basis n. 基础；根据→basic adj. 基本的；基础的→base n. 底部；垒；基础 3．equipment n. 装备，设备，用具→equip v. 装备，配备 4．defend v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫→defence n. 防御；防卫；国防机构；答辩 5．death n. 死，死亡→dead adj. 无生命的；废弃了的；呆板的→die v. 死亡；消失；凋谢 6．setting n. (机器、仪器等调控装置的)设定位置，调节点→set n. 集合；一套；布景；装置 vt. 树立；点燃；放；设置；调整好 7．adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的→adjustment n. 调整， 调节→adjust v. 校准；调整，使……适合 8．available adj. 可用的，可获得的→availability n. 可利用性；可得到的东西(或人)；可得性 9．balance n. 平衡→balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的 10．involve v. 包含，需要→involved adj. 卷入的；有关的；复杂的→involvement n. 参与；加入；插手 11．response n. 回答，答复→respond v. 回答；作出反应；承担责任 12．interpret v. 理解，了解 ，解释；翻译→interpreter n. 口译工作者；口译译员 13．power n. 力量→powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→powerless adj. 无权力的；无力量的→powerfully adv. 强大地；强烈地 14．tension n. 紧张，焦虑→tense adj. 拉紧的；紧张的 15．disappear v. 消失，不见→disappearance n. 消失，丢失→appear vi. 出现， 显现；产生， 出版　link v. 显得， 似乎→appearance n. 出现，显露，露面 16．sweaty adj. 满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→sweat n. 汗；水珠 17．inspire v. 鼓舞，激励→inspiration n. 灵感；妙计；鼓舞→inspired adj. 有灵感的；能力卓越的→inspiring adj. 鼓舞人的；使人感兴趣的 18．persuade v. 说服，劝服→persuasion n. 劝说；说服(力)→persuasive adj. 能说服的；善于游说的 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1．all over the world 全世界 2．to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地 3．(be) made of ... 由……制成 4．what's more 此外，而且 5．break down 拆除，消除 6．break out 爆发，发生 7．put down 放下 8．talk about 谈论 9．go back to 追溯到；回到；恢复 10．be used to do sth 被用于做某事 11．compare with 和……作比较 12．keep track of 跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 13．whether ... or ... 无论……还是…… 14．as well as 也，而且 15．enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 16．place one's order 下单 17．be good for 对……有好处 18．work out 制定出；算出，解决 19．tens of thousands of 数万；数以万计 20．due to 因为，由于 21．get in touch 取得联系 22．take part in 参加 23．for the same purpose 为了相同的目的 24．around the corner 即将发生 25．at times 有时，偶尔 26．in turn 反过来；依次；轮流地 27．raise money 筹资 28．die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① represent v. 代表，表示(教材P26) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)He represents himself ________ an expert, but he knows nothing. ②They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. ③British scientists first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, ________ (represent) of those of most of us. 答案：①as　②coming　③representative 　一句多译 ④我非常高兴代表我们学校通知您一些有关即将到来的排球比赛的详细信息。 ________________________， I'm more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information about the coming volleyball game. ＝________________________， I'm more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information about the coming volleyball game. 答案：④Representing our school; On behalf of our school ② content n. 满意，满足(教材P26) 　写出content在下列句中的词性及词义①There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. ________ ②Did Nielsen then feel content in his career？________ ③(牛津高阶)At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book.________ ④(牛津高阶)My apology seemed to content him.________ ⑤Our courses, totalling 20，000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.________ 答案：①n. 含量　②adj. 满意的　③n. 目录　④vt. 使满足　⑤n. 内容 　单句表达 ⑥(牛津高阶)既然没有奶油，我们只好喝清咖啡算了。 As there's no cream, we'll have to ____________________ black coffee. ⑦(剑桥高阶)他们满足于与一小群人交往。 They're ________________ with a very small circle of people. ⑧(朗文当代)她躲在图书馆里，在那里她可以尽情地读书。 She took refuge in the library, where she could read ____________________． 答案：⑥content ourselves with　⑦content to socialize　⑧to her heart's content ③ defend v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫(教材P26) 　单句语法填空 ① “Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended ________ (she). ②Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear ________ (defend) actions we knew. ③(剑桥高阶)All I can say, ________ defence of my actions, is that I had little choice. ④(牛津高阶)I have to say in ________ (she) defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 答案：①herself　②defense　③in　④her 　单句表达 ⑤(牛津高阶)我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 All our officers are trained ________________________ knife attacks. 答案：⑤to defend themselves against ④ conflict n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争(教材P27) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)The results of the new research would seem to conflict ________ existing theories. ②(剑桥高阶)His outspoken views would frequently bring him ________ conflict with the president. 答案：①with　②into 　单句表达 ③(牛津高阶)这些观念有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。 Many of these ideas appear to be ______________ each other. 答案：③in conflict with ⑤ balance n. 平衡(教材P30) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)We were struggling to keep ________ (we) balance as the boat rolled. ②(中国日报)About 80 percent of kids in China lack after－school sports activities, while many parents still lack basic knowledge about the importance of a ________ (balance) diet. ③(牛津高阶)She balanced the attractions of a high salary ________ the prospect of working long hours. 答案：①our　②balanced　③against 　单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)我们公司尽管存在某些不足之处， 总的来看这一年还是相当不错的。 Despite some failures, our firm has had quite a good year ____________． 答案：④on balance ⑥ involve v. 包含，需要(教材P31) [名师点津]　involved作前置定语和后置定语时的意义不同： the problem involved 所涉及的问题 the involved problem 复杂的问题 　单句语法填空 ①There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become ________ (involve), including workshops and events. ②We all need to get involved ________ saving energy whether it's at work, at home, or at school. ③(剑桥高阶)The operation involves ________ (put) a small tube into your heart. 答案：①involved　②in　③putting 　句式升级 ④I get involved in volunteer work, so I have learned a lot. →________________________， I have learned a lot.(过去分词短语作状语) →________________________， I have learned a lot.(现在分词短语作状语) 答案：④Involved in volunteer work; Involving myself in volunteer work ⑦ response n. 回答，答复(教材P31) 　单句语法填空 ①This one stranger responded beautifully _______my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one. ②Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) ________ (respond)? ③Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much ________ response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 答案：①to　②response　③in 　句型转换 ④(中国日报)The tragic loss of dozens of lives in the floods in Zhengzhou has taught the whole country a lesson to be better prepared to respond to extreme weather incidents. →The tragic loss of dozens of lives in the floods in Zhengzhou has taught the whole country a lesson to be better prepared to ____________________ extreme weather incidents. 答案：④make a response to ⑧ power n. 力量(教材P33) 　单句语法填空 ①Jennifer is a first－generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty ________ (power). ②(剑桥高阶)You were acting ________ your powers when you agreed to give her a pay rise. ③(牛津高阶)The Government has been ________ power for two years. 答案：①powerful　②beyond　③in 　单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)我将尽全力帮助你。 I will do everything ________________ to help you. ⑤(牛津高阶)这一届政府是经最近大选后上台执政的。 This government ________________ at the last election. 答案：④in my power　⑤came into/to power ⑨ inspire v. 鼓舞，激励(教材P34) 　单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江高考)The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen ________ (make) a career in acting. ②For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an ________ (inspire) for Western creative. ③(2021·浙江高考)There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are ________ (inspire) up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life. 答案：①to make　②inspiration　③inspired 　句型转换 ④(牛津高阶)Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence. →Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not ________________________． 答案：④inspire much confidence in us ⑩ persuade v. 说服，劝服(教材P35) [名师点津]　persuade sb to do sth表示“说服某人做某事”；若表示“试图说服某人做某事而结果不一定时”，则用try to persuade sb to do sth或advise sb to do sth。 　单句语法填空 ①I tried to persuade her ________ (see) a doctor, but I failed. 答案：①to see 　句型转换 ②The young mother persuaded her son to have a cup of milk. →The young mother ________________________ a cup of milk. ③We persuaded him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man. →We ________________________ his money to that untrustworthy man. 答案：②persuaded her son into having　③persuaded him not to lend ① break down 打破；消除；出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；(谈判，计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解(教材P27) 　介词、副词填空 ①(朗文当代)They broke ________ from the national union and set up their own local organization. ②(朗文当代)Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ________？ ③(牛津高阶)The meeting broke ________ at eleven o'clock. ④(牛津高阶)His house was broken ________ last week. 答案：①away　②out　③up　④into 　单句表达 ⑤(2020·北京高考)一次性使用的塑料袋需要数百年才能分解。 It takes single－use plastic bags hundreds of years ________________． 答案：⑤to break down ② in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地(教材P33) [名师点津]　(1)by turns是“交替地；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行； (2)in turn表示“按顺序”。 　单句语法填空 ①Now that we have finished the design, it is ________ their turn to construct. ②(朗文当代)Dan and I usually take turns ________ (cook). ③(牛津高阶)He gets cheerful and depressed ________ turns. 答案：①in　②to cook　③by 　单句表达 ④(朗文当代)利率下调，股价随之上涨。 Interest rates were cut and, ____________， share prices rose. ⑤(剑桥高阶)轮到你洗餐具了！ It's your turn ____________ the washing up! 答案：④in turn　⑤to do ③ die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝(教材P33) 　用die的相关短语填空 ①(2020·浙江高考1月)Every year over 500，000 children ____________ diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. ②(朗文当代)The wild population of koalas is in danger of ____________． ③To his great sorrow, his chickens were ____________ from the disease. 答案：①die from　②dying out　③dying off 　单句表达 ④你曾说想教我英语作为回报，这确实就是我所渴望的。 You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return, which is exactly what ________________________． ⑤(牛津高阶)掌声平息后她便开始演讲了。 When the applause had ____________， she began her speech. 答案：④I am dying for　⑤died down given that引导的条件状语从句 Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！(教材P26)考虑到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想带着足球登月，我们甚至可以说它也是全宇宙中最受欢迎的运动了！ (1)given that引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，此时given为介词，相当于considering。 (2)其他引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if (如果), unless (除非，如果不), as/so long as (只要), considering (that) (考虑到，鉴于), suppose/supposing (that) (假设；假定), provided/providing (that) (只要，如果), on condition that(条件是), in case(万一)等。 　单句语法填空 ①________ (give) that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job. ②(2021·浙江高考)________ I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor, providing company and transportation. ③There is a discount for the cost of the 6­week English course ________ (provide) that you pay in advance. 答案：①Given　②Unless　③provided/providing 　单句表达 ④你可以使用这个房间，条件是保持房间干净整洁。 You can use this room ________________ you keep it clean and organized. ⑤(中国日报)我的个性意味着，只要我是一名运动员，我就永不言弃。 My personality means I will never say die ________________________． 答案：④on condition that　⑤as long as I'm an athlete （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(牛津高阶)Your statement is ________ conflict with the rest of the evidence. 答案：in 2．(牛津高阶)Politicians are skilled at defending themselves ________ their critics. 答案：from/against 3．(牛津高阶)Martina contented herself ________ a single glass of wine. 答案：with 4．(中国日报)Trucks carrying water and food streamed into the city on Sunday, while ________ (soldier) laid sandbags to fill gaps in river dikes that left neighborhoods under water. 答案：soldiers 5．(2021·全国乙卷)Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to ________ (appear). 答案：disappear 6．(中国日报)The first time I came to Kangbashi, I fell ________ love with it. 答案：in 7．(朗文当代)It's ________ the power of the court to make such a decision. 答案：beyond 8．(中国日报)Recent events have inspired him ________ (look) at broader questions around the human condition, as well as the relationship between reality and perception. 答案：to look 9．(朗文当代)Don't let yourself be persuaded ________ buying things you don't want. 答案：into 10．(牛津高阶)The height of the bicycle seat is ________ (adjust). 答案：adjustable Ⅱ.选词填空 go back to; to one's heart's content; around the corner; what's more; die out; break down; be terrified of; break out; put down; be shaped like 1．(牛津高阶)Fighting had ____________ between rival groups of fans. 答案：broken out 2．(牛津高阶)Attempts must be made to ________ the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two communities. 答案：break down 3．The building ____________ a cross or the letter T． 答案：is shaped like 4．(朗文当代)The building ____________ Roman times. 答案：goes back to 5．(牛津高阶)I'm having a party next Saturday; ________ it ________ in your diary so you don't forget. 答案：put; down 6．(2020·北京高考)One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. ____________， reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. 答案：What's more 7．(中国日报)Each resort has cherry trees, where visitors can pick the fruit from the trees and eat them for free and ____________． 答案：to their hearts' content 8．With Christmas just ____________， you should start your festive cooking now. 答案：around the corner 9．(牛津高阶)This species has nearly ____________ because its habitat is being destroyed. 答案：died out 10．I ____________ the tiger when I first saw it at the zoo. 答案：was terrified of Ⅲ.单句表达 1．(2021·浙江高考)他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。 He documented his journey as he set about treating nature a brand ________________ to young people. 答案：to be marketed 2．(2021·全国甲卷)2004年，当我回到伦敦时，我发现自己徘徊在南岸，在那里待了几个小时。 When I returned to London in 2004, I ________________________ down to Southbank, spending hours there. 答案：found myself wandering 3．他像平常一样把他的自行车停在了后门外面。 He parked his car outside the back door ____________________． 答案：as he usually does 4．他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手，一位了不起的运动员。 He's the best opponent I've ________________ this season, a great player. 答案：come across 5．我通常花钱是很明智的，考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。 Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, ______________ I don't earn that much. 答案：given that （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 定语从句 考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若是表示人，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物，就只能用which。 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb. for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John, without whose help I couldn't have finished my task. 我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among ________ is Su.[2023·济南名校高三交流联考] 2．Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies.[2023·江西重点中学协作体联考] 3．Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ________ contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch.[2023·浙江镇海中学考前模拟] 巩固训练夯提 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The app does this by monitoring their time ________the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟] 2．The six greatest 18th-century carved marble (大理石) sculptures in the East Sculpture Hall ________ sustained the most damage will receive conservation treatment.[2023·潍坊市高考模拟] 3．An additional reason ________ it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free.[2023·南京市考前训练题一] 4．In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm, a place ________ people can store and trade seeds.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二] 5．This story about self-respect and self-love, ________ characters are Chinese, is set in Europe.[2023·河北省张家口市一模] 6．The first space launch led to the first human space flight, ________ led to the first moonwalk.[2023·威海市高考模拟] 7．The Double Ninth Festival is also a time ________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms.[2023·泰安市全真模拟] 8．Gig workers, often referred to as independent contractors (承包人) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ________ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services for their clients.[2023·广东省六校第一次联考] 9．By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, ________ were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume.[2023·福州高三起点调研] 10．Shaxian snacks is a shining example of Chinese food chain brands, ________ most likely include foods such as steamed dumplings, noodles and huntun.[2023·辽宁省五校联考] Ⅱ.语段填空(用适当的关系词填空) There was a time 1.________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this is the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，3.________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________ we did. My father and the guide 7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.________ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.________ our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.” Ⅲ.写作运用 完成下面短文，注意定语从句的运用。 1．________________________ (众所周知), high school life is an important turning point and 2.______________________________________ (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所)．My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record 3.________________________ (我们的在校经历)． Material collecting took us a whole week, 4．__________________________________________________________________ (在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面)．Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.5.________________________________ (播放录像的那一天), it was well received.The students and teachers shared a great time, 6.____________________________________ (这当然给了我们很大的成就感)． 答案 考点三 即学即练 1．答案与解析：whom　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。又因此处先行词指人，故填whom。 2．答案与解析：whom　分析句子结构可知， “Nowadays...again”是一个完整的句子， 后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。该从句的先行词是people, 空前有some of , 故关系代词只能用whom。 3．答案与解析：which　句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本里有达尔文的“生命之树”素描。分析句子结构可知，空处指代“two of Charles Darwin's notebooks”，因此空后是“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，故填which。 巩固训练夯提 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。分析句子结构可知，此处“________ the users go to sleep”是限定性定语从句，先行词是time，指时间，从句缺少时间状语，故填when。 2．答案与解析：that　考查定语从句。句意：受损最严重的东方雕塑馆的6座18世纪最伟大的大理石雕塑将接受保护处理。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词sculptures是物，且被最高级greatest修饰，因此空格处用关系代词that，故填that。 3．答案与解析：why　考查定语从句。句意：它如此可取的另一个原因是，它往往来自免费的资源。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中做原因状语，故填why。 4．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。句意：在美国，黛安·奥特·惠里和她的丈夫创立了传统农场，人们可以在这里储存和交易种子。分析句子结构可知，先行词是place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。 5．答案与解析：whose　考查定语从句。句意：这个关于自尊和自爱的故事，主人公是中国人，故事发生在欧洲。此处考查非限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词为This story，先行词与characters为所属关系，设空处应用关系代词whose，后接characters，表示“故事的”。 6．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。句意：第一次太空发射引领了第一次人类太空飞行，这引发了第一次月球行走。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，故填which。 7．答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：重阳节也是菊花盛开的时节。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词time是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when。 8．答案与解析：who　定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，空处在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。 9．答案与解析：which　定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为addition, subtraction, multiplication and division，空处在从句中作主语，所以填which。 10．答案与解析：which　定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此句为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 Ⅱ.语段填空(用适当的关系词填空) 1．when　2.why　3.where　4.whose　5.whom　6.that/which　7.who/that　8.which　9.which　10.As Ⅲ.写作运用 1．As is universally known 2．high school campus is an important place where students study and live 3．our experiences at school 4．during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life 5．That day when the video was played 6．which surely gave us a great sense of achievement $$