06 必修二 Unit 6 Earth first 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（外研版2019）

必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 2． n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 3． n. (野生生物)保护区 4． v. 破损，损害，损伤 5． n. 煤气.电力自来水等供应(系统) 6． v. 采取(某种方法) 7． v. 释放，排放 8． adj. (问题、伤势疾病等)很严重的 9． n. 感染，传染病 10． n. (尤指大学里的)讲课，演讲 11． n. 多数，大多数(人或物) 12． adj. 不正确的，错误的 13． n. 数量，数额 14． n. 电 15． v. 移走，搬走，去掉 16． v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 17． adj. 焦急的，担忧的 18． v. 促成，造成(某事发生) 19． adj. 平均(数)的 20． v. 使…突出，使注意力集中于 21． n. 员工 22． n. 洪水，水灾 23． v. 使恢复 24． adj. 可持续的不破坏环境的 25． adj. (能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 26． n. 温室，暖房 27． adj. 可再度使用的.可多次使用的 28． n. 小册子 29． adj. 利用太阳光(能)的 30． n. 设备，仪器，装置 31． adj. 备用的 32． n. 家用电器，家用器具 33． n. (宣传)活动 34． n. (工厂学校等的)食堂，餐厅 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1. v. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→ n. 潜水者；跳水的选手 → n. 跳水，潜水 2. adv. 幸运地→ adj. 幸运的→ n. 财富；命运；运气 → adv. 不幸地 3． n. 灭绝，绝种→ adj. 灭绝的，绝种的 4． v. 致力，献身，倾注→ adj. 献身的；忠诚的 → n. 献身，奉献；忠诚 5． n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→ adj. 残忍的，残酷的 6． n. 打猎，狩猎→ n. 猎人；猎犬；搜寻者→ v. 搜索；打猎 7． n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明→ v. 呈现；介绍；提出；赠送　adj. 出席的；现在的　n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 8． v. 建立，设立→ n. 确立；建立 9． n. 旱灾，干旱→ adj. 干旱的，干燥的 10． v. 影响→(同义词) n. 影响 11． v. 减少，降低→ n. 减少；降低；减价 12． v. 允许，许可→ n. 允许，许可 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1． 害怕地 2． 害怕……；对……感到恐惧 3． ……的数量 4． 由于，因为 5． 切掉；切断；中断 6． 对……有影响 7． 偶遇；留下印象 8． 被……覆盖 9． 把……看作…… 10． 而不是；宁可……也不愿 11． 相反，倒过来 12． 错误地；由于差错 13． 保护……免于…… 14． 愿意做某事 15． 投身于，致力于 16． 目的在于…… 17． 参加，参与 18． 阻止……做某事 19． 照顾，照料 20． 大多数 21． 采取措施做…… 22． . 把……误认为…… 23． 分解；发生故障；失败；衰弱 24． 关上 25． 在某些情况下 26． 把……考虑进去 27． 依赖，依靠 28． 意识到 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① scare v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬(教材P62) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)They scared him ________ handing over the keys. ②I was ________ (scare) at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. ③(朗文当代)She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds ________． 　一句多译 ④(剑桥高阶)我害怕告诉她事情的真相。 I ________________________ what really happened. ＝I ________________________ what really happened. ② attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度(教材P64) 　单句语法填空 ①Which word best describes the author's attitude ________ race walking? 　单句表达 ②学生在考虑上哪所大学之前，应该对大学有正确的态度。 Students should ________________________________ before thinking about which college to attend. ③ reserve n. (野生生物)保护区(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①Our dinner ________ (reserve) was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge. ②(牛津高阶)These seats are reserved ________ special guests. ③At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human－sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book ____reservation without detection. ④(剑桥高阶)These seats ________ (reserve) for the elderly and women with babies. 　单句表达 ⑤我支持这项措施，但这并不意味着我会无条件地支持你。 I support this measure, but it doesn't mean that I support you ________________． ④ damage v. 破损，损害，损伤(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage ______ our children. 　单句表达 ②消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊。 Negative self－talk ________________ and decreases self－respect. ⑤ supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)(教材P65) [名师点津]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有： provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes ________ large supply of baby food with her. ②(剑桥高阶)Strawberries are ________ short supply at the moment. 　一句多译 ③(朗文当代)一名告密者向警方提供了参与犯罪的人的姓名。 An informer ________________________________ of those involved in the crime. ＝An informer ________________________________ of those involved in the crime. ⑥ adopt v. 采取(某种方法)(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)He's adopted ________ remarkably light－hearted attitude towards the situation. ②(牛津高阶)Paul's mother had him ________ (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself. ③(剑桥高阶)She was homeless and had to put her child up for ________ (adopt). 　单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。 All three teams ____________________________ the problem. ⑦ reduce v. 减少，降低(教材P66) 　单句语法填空 ①Changing our spending habits may be the best way ________ (reduce) the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. ②(牛津高阶)Costs have been reduced ________ 20% over the past year. ③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed ________ forty kilometres per hour. 　单句表达 ④(中国日报)我们现在都知道，接种疫苗是减少疫情蔓延的最可靠方法。 We all know now that vaccination is ____________________________ the spread of the pandemic. ⑧ majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物)(教材P68) [名师点津]　the majority of＋n.(名词可用不可数名词，也可用可数名词复数)，谓语动词由后面的名词决定。 　单句语法填空 ①Our country is a traditional agricultural society with a majority ________ farming population. ②However, the majority of people ________ (be) effective speakers because they train to be. ③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major _____the gardening after attending college. 　单句表达 ④在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。 The white are ________________ in Australia while the native people (are) ________________. ⑨ amount n. 数量，数额(教材P68) [名师点津]　表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合： (1)a number of只修饰可数名词复数。 (2)a great deal of, a great amount of, large amounts of只修饰不可数名词。 (3)a lot of (lots of), plenty of, a large quantity of (large quantities of) 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 　单句语法填空 ①(中国日报)A few examples will show the amount of trust foreign businesses ________ (put) in the National Security Law since it helped restore peace and order, and improve the rule of law in the city. ②(中国日报)COVID－19 deaths are expected to reach between 100 and 200 per day at the peak, although there ________ (be) a large amount of uncertainty. ③It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount ________． 　单句表达 ④无论如何，你所给予的赞扬取决于他们工作的努力程度。 Anyway, ____________________________________________how hard they work. ⑩ remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉(教材P69) 　写出remove在下列句中的词义 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Apply icing eyes and nose. Remove bunny from the belt.________ ②(剑桥高阶)He removed his hat and gloves.________ ③(剑桥高阶)Several opposition groups are fighting to remove the president from power.________ ④(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.________ ⑤(牛津高阶)Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.________ 　单句表达 ⑥(牛津高阶)这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。 The news ________________________ the company's future. ⑪ urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促(教材P71) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)The report urged that all children ________ (teach) to swim. ②(牛津高阶)I have some ________ (urge) business to attend to. 　一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)机动车协会劝告开车的人暂时不要使用公路。 Motoring organizations are urging drivers ________________ by road if possible. ＝Motoring organizations are urging that drivers ________________ by road if possible. ⑫ concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的(教材P71) 　单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)There was no evidence that he was concerned ________ any criminal activity. ②________ (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. ③________ (concern) the toll free policy on the express way, what ________ (concern) us most is the traffic jam while some concern ________ (＝are concerned ________) the safety. 　句型转换 ④In my opinion, it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. →________________________， it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. ⑬ contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)(教材P72) [名师点津]　(1)contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。 (2)表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。 　单句语法填空 ①(中国日报)China's effective control of the outbreak has contributed to ________ (stabilize) the diamond market. ②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes ________ the homeless people. ③ Wilson received several international awards for his great ________ (contribute). 　单句表达 ④ 孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。 Loneliness is a serious social problem that can ____________ depression and even crimes. ⑭ average adj. 平均(数)的(教材P72) 　填入合适的介词、副词 ①There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, ________ average 18 students in each class. Tom's score was ________ average while John's was ________ average. That's why John was upset. 　句型转换 ② Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, splits between watching television and using the Internet. →____________， today's children spend four and a half hours a day looking at screens, splits between watching television and using the Internet. 短语研磨 ① due to 由于；因为(教材P62) [名师点津]　表示原因的介词短语还有：because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of等。 　单句语法填空 ①(柯林斯词典)Unfortunately, due ____unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled. 答案：①to 　单句表达 ②公共汽车预计下午五点钟到达，但由于大雾的阻碍它晚了一个小时。 The bus ________________ at 5 pm, but it arrived one hour late ____________________． ③(牛津高阶)他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致。 His lateness was ____________ the very heavy traffic on the motorway. ② take ... into account 把……考虑进去(教材P69) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)When judging his performance, don't take his age ________ account. ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts ________ about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. ③(剑桥高阶)He doesn't drink alcohol ________ account of his health. ④(朗文当代)These figures do not take account ________ changes in the rate of inflation. 　单句表达 ⑤ 这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。 The professor warned the students that ________________ should they use mobile phones in his class. ① 形容词(短语)作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film．(教材P62)有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物，不再去海里游泳。 (1)形容词(短语)作状语说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 (2)作原因状语时，相当于because从句，这时形容词(短语)通常放在句首。 　单句语法填空 ①After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________ (tire) and hungry. ②When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous and ________ (embarrass). 　单句表达 ③(2021·天津高考3月)乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，亨利·大卫·梭罗在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。 ____________________________， Henry David Thoreau sought a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. ④我很想在您的讲座中学习一些有关民间舞蹈的知识，期待您的到来。 ________________________________________， I'm looking forward to your coming. ② 倍数表达法 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. (教材P68)但是，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 (1) ... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ... (2) ... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ... (3) ... 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height of ... (4) ... 倍数＋that of ... (5) ... 倍数＋what ... 　单句语法填空 ①This bridge is three times the ________ (wide) of that one. ②The population now in this village is five times ________ it was ten years ago. 　一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。 This book is ________________________ that one. ＝This book is ____________________ that one. ＝This book is ____________________ that one. （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(牛津高阶)She shows a very positive attitude ________ her work. 2．(朗文当代)It's clear that smaller, more vulnerable banks ________ (target). 3．(剑桥高阶)Many species of plants and animals are in danger of ________ (extinct). 4．(朗文当代)________ (fortunate), everything worked out all right in the end. 5．(朗文当代)Parents don't punish their children so ________ (severe) these days. 6．(朗文当代)The journal had a ________ (devote) following of around 1，000 subscribers. 7．(牛津高阶)The deliberate ________ (cruel) of his words cut her like a knife. 8．When my old friend Brian urged me ________ (accept) a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. 9．(剑桥高阶)________ (concern) parents have complained about the dangerous playground. 10．(牛津高阶)The poor weather may have accounted ________ the small crowd. Ⅱ.选词填空 the other way round; mistake ... for ...; due to; take ... into account; protect ... from ...; come across; by mistake; be based on; break down; rather than 1．(朗文当代)A woman ________ him ______a well－known actor, and asked him for his autograph. 2．(中国日报)We have to rebuild our economies and industry by ____________ the price of the carbon we are emitting. 3．(中国日报)While driving to the village, Yang ____________ two vehicles that had crashed due to the floodwaters. 4．A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it ____________ trust and existing relationships. 5．Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, ______ just depending on the teacher. 6．(牛津高阶)Sugar and starch ____________ in the stomach. 7．(牛津高阶)I took your bag instead of mine ____________． 8．He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to ________ the birds ________ the heat. 9．In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is ____________ gains in BMI in rural areas. 10．(牛津高阶)I was accused of stealing money from her but in fact it was ____________. Ⅲ.单句表达 1．工作做完了，他们出去玩了。 With ________________， they went out to play. 2．当他正沿着街开车时，他看见两个小偷正从一家商店里冲出来，朝一辆等候的汽车跑去。 When he was driving along the street, he ____________________________________ and running towards a waiting car. 3．(2019·北京高考)温度升高改变了海洋的主要特征，并可能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长，还需要营养物质。 Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need ____________ sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, ____________ nutrients. 4．他的考试成绩不是很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。 His exam results were not very good, but we must ______________________ his long illness. 5．据说在5G的帮助下，我们下载的速度将是现在的10倍。 It is said that with the help of 5G, we will download at 10 times speed _________________ we do now. （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 并列句和状语从句 高考真题练悟 单句语法填空 1．The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________ cultural exchanges.[2022·全国乙卷] 2．He hung on for a few minutes ________ screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] 3．We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job.[2021·全国甲卷] 4．Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.[2021·浙江卷6月] 5．________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] [感悟]　语法填空五谨记 1．完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词。 2．若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空处必定填连词。 3．牢记特殊句式中连词的运用。 4．全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词，熟悉它们的用法。 5．准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时要注意区分易混词。 考点多维突破 一、并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。 ①In addition, its abundant food resources and energy in the ocean make it possible for living things to survive. 此外，海洋中丰富的食物资源和能源使生物生存成为可能。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] ②We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.[2022·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写] 我们挨着坐下，但大卫不愿看我一眼。 ③He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over. 他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。 ④Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。 [指津] (1)when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式： be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… be on the point of doing sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时突然…… had done sth. when... 刚做了某事，这时突然…… He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow. 他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。 (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Hurry up，or you'll be late again． 快点，否则你会再迟到。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．The Olympic cauldron (主火炬) at the snowflake-themed ceremony was small, ________ the flames conveyed significant messages of greener Olympic Games.[2023·菏泽市高三一模] 2．Both previous restorations to losses ________ joins between the original marble blocks that have discolored will be replaced by a more closely marble－like material.[2023·潍坊市模拟] 3．On a serious note, spending time away from our screens from time to time is not only good for kids' health, ________ also everyone's.[2023·郴州市第一质量监测] 二、状语从句 项目 连词 例句 注意事项 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before，after, since，until, the moment等 When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine. I will tell him the news the moment he comes. 要注意时态一致，一般情况下，在时间状语从句中，表示将来的动作用一般现在时(不可用将来时) 地点状语从句 where, wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. We are always welcome wherever we go. 注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆，若是定语从句，where前必然有先行词 条件状语从句 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case等 You should go to school unless you are seriously ill. He will certainly pass the exam next term if he works hard at his lessons. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时 原因状语从句 because，since，as，now (that) He didn't go to school because he was ill. As he is a League member, he takes the lead in everything in his class. ①because语气最强，回答why提出的问题；since次之；as最弱； ②as引导的从句往往放在主句前面，for后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明 让步状语从句 although, though，while, as, even if/though，whatever, however, whoever, no matter what/who/how Although he is a child, he knows a lot. Tired as/though I was, I went on with my work. I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am. ①当用though或 although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but； ②as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语、状语或动词原形提前 结果状语从句 so...that..., such...that..., so that He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him. It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times. I got up late so that I missed the early bus. 在so... that... 和such...that... 结构中，so为副词，后面跟形容词、副词或分词，而such为限定词，后面只能跟名词或名词性短语 方式状语从句 as, just as, as if, as though We should work and study as he did. They talked as if they had been friends for years. as if, as though在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气 比较状语从句 as... as..., not so...as, 比较级＋than He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class. He is taller than any other student in our school. 可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any other＋单数可数名词 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that) She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university. Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 从句中常用may, might, can, could, should等情态动词 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．Apart from that, the decorated resumes do little help to find a job ________ most HR managers pay more attention to skills.[2023·湖北省孝感市高三模拟] 2．________the factory was a later addition, it proved that subsequently dedicated coin mints were built somewhere in China from the very beginning.[2023·辽宁省协作体一模] 3．Without complex decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so well ________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)．[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一] 4．________ or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city's evolution(演变)．[2023·河南省高考适应性练习] 巩固训练夯提 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Getting up early has many benefits for both your body ________ your mind.[2023·常德市模拟] 2．Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible, ________ policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in the first place.[2023·河北名校联盟高三调研] 3．Mack is in the middle of his A-levels, ________ he is too impatient to finish the year, so he is taking a break from his studies to attempt the world record.[2023·南京市考前训练题二] 4．For instance, you have to add ingredients in the correct order, ________ cookies will be unpleasantly wet.[2023·河北衡水中学押题卷] 5．The book creates a painting style that is both classical ________ modern.[2023·河北省适应性考试] 6．In the following years, ________Deng has dedicated himself to training, struggling for an opportunity to fly into space, he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it.[2023·高三年级苏州八校模拟] 7．Dad, you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream. You must hold on to it, no matter ________awaits you.[2023·苏州八校模拟] 8．In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized ________ technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher.[2023·连云港市考前模拟一] 9. I feel I'm missing something ________ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.[2023·山东省济南市模拟] 10．One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can ________ they disappear.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二] Ⅱ.语法填空 [2023·吉林市高三第一次调研] Shaanxi kuaiban is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm of bamboo clappers. In June, it 1.________ (recognize) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) at the national level. It can be performed by a group or alone. The art form can date back to the late Qing Dynasty. According to its performers, the art was 2.________ (origin) used by farmers to share their knowledge and earn money. 3.________ now, more people perform Shaanxi kuaiban on different occasions—for example, at a great many festival 4.________ (celebrate), parties and art shows. Yang Jinlong, 46, is an 5.________ (experience) Shaanxi kuaiban artist. He was introduced to the art form by his father, an amateur performer, when he was 6, and often went with him 6.________ (watch) kuaiban performances. “As a young boy, I was attached 7.________ the art form because many of the stories are about heroes. The performer tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it is easy for the audience to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme，” Yang said. Since 2003, he 8.________ (teach) the art form to young people. “Art education is playing 9.________ important role in students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments, there are many people 10.________ (learn) traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban，” Yang said. Ⅲ.写作运用 1．not only...but also... 典例　海洋不仅给我们提供充足的食物，而且维持着生态平衡。 Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. 运用　Youth的专栏Cultures Around the World不仅拓宽了我的视野，也让我有机会体验不同的文化。________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 典例　提前从网上预订票和房间，你会有更多的时间去观光。 Book tickets and rooms online in advance，and you will have more time to go sightseeing. 运用　来参观展览吧，你将享受一场视觉盛宴。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．so...that...结果状语从句 典例　他们的爆米花是如此的美味以至于很快就卖光了。 Their popcorn was so delicious that it was sold out soon. 运用　惊喜是如此甜蜜，她兴奋地摇了摇正假装打鼾的丈夫。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．be doing...when... 典例　马克正在想接下来该怎么办，正在那时，一只手把他拉进了车里。 Mac was wondering what to do next when a hand pulled him into the car. 运用　我们正在找地方搭帐篷，这时妈妈告诉我们她忘了带帐篷。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．not until... 典例　直到似乎过了半个世纪之后，我们才听到了直升机的声音。 Not until after what seemed half a century did we hear the roar of the helicopter. 运用　直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正好是我们见面的时间。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ $$必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.scare v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 2．attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 3．reserve n. (野生生物)保护区 4．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤 5．supply n. 煤气.电力自来水等供应(系统) 6．adopt v. 采取(某种方法) 7．release v. 释放，排放 8．severe adj. (问题、伤势疾病等)很严重的 9．infection n. 感染，传染病 10．lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲课，演讲 11．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物) 12．false adj. 不正确的，错误的 13．amount n. 数量，数额 14．electricity n. 电 15．remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉 16．urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 17．concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的 18．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生) 19．average adj. 平均(数)的 20．highlight v. 使…突出，使注意力集中于 21．staff n. 员工 22．flood n. 洪水，水灾 23．restore v. 使恢复 24．sustainable adj. 可持续的不破坏环境的 25．renewable adj. (能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 26．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 27．reusable adj. 可再度使用的.可多次使用的 28．brochure n. 小册子 29．solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的 30．device n. 设备，仪器，装置 31．stand－by adj. 备用的 32．appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具 33．campaign n. (宣传)活动 34．canteen n. (工厂学校等的)食堂，餐厅 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1.dive v. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→diver n. 潜水者；跳水的选手→diving n. 跳水，潜水 2．fortunately adv. 幸运地→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortune n. 财富；命运；运气→unfortunately adv. 不幸地 3．extinction n. 灭绝，绝种→extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的 4．devote v. 致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj. 献身的；忠诚的→devotion n. 献身，奉献；忠诚 5．cruelty n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj. 残忍的，残酷的 6．hunting n. 打猎，狩猎→hunter n. 猎人；猎犬；搜寻者→hunt v. 搜索；打猎 7．presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明→present v. 呈现；介绍；提出；赠送　adj. 出席的；现在的　n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 8．establish v. 建立，设立→establishment n. 确立；建立 9．drought n. 旱灾，干旱→dry adj. 干旱的，干燥的 10．affect v. 影响→(同义词)effect n. 影响 11．reduce v. 减少，降低→reduction n. 减少；降低；减价 12．permit v. 允许，许可→permission n. 允许，许可 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1．in fear 害怕地 2．be scared of 害怕……；对……感到恐惧 3．the number of ……的数量 4．due to 由于，因为 5．cut off 切掉；切断；中断 6．have an effect upon/on 对……有影响 7．come across 偶遇；留下印象 8．be covered with 被……覆盖 9．see ... as ... 把……看作…… 10．rather than 而不是；宁可……也不愿 11．the other way round 相反，倒过来 12．by mistake 错误地；由于差错 13．protect ... from ... 保护……免于…… 14．be willing to do sth 愿意做某事 15．be devoted to 投身于，致力于 16．aim at doing 目的在于…… 17．be involved in 参加，参与 18．keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止……做某事 19．take care of 照顾，照料 20．the majority of 大多数 21．take steps to do sth 采取措施做…… 22．mistake ... for ... 把……误认为…… 23．break down 分解；发生故障；失败；衰弱 24．turn off 关上 25．in some cases 在某些情况下 26．take ...__into account 把……考虑进去 27．depend on 依赖，依靠 28．be aware of 意识到 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① scare v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬(教材P62) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)They scared him ________ handing over the keys. ②I was ________ (scare) at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. ③(朗文当代)She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds ________． 答案：①into　②scared　③away 　一句多译 ④(剑桥高阶)我害怕告诉她事情的真相。 I ________________________ what really happened. ＝I ________________________ what really happened. 答案：④am scared of telling her; am scared to tell her ② attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度(教材P64) 　单句语法填空 ①Which word best describes the author's attitude ________ race walking? 答案：①to/towards 　单句表达 ②学生在考虑上哪所大学之前，应该对大学有正确的态度。 Students should ________________________________ before thinking about which college to attend. 答案：②have a proper attitude towards college ③ reserve n. (野生生物)保护区(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①Our dinner ________ (reserve) was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge. ②(牛津高阶)These seats are reserved ________ special guests. ③At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human－sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book ____reservation without detection. ④(剑桥高阶)These seats ________ (reserve) for the elderly and women with babies. 答案：①reservation　②for　③a　④are reserved 　单句表达 ⑤我支持这项措施，但这并不意味着我会无条件地支持你。 I support this measure, but it doesn't mean that I support you ________________． 答案：⑤without reservation ④ damage v. 破损，损害，损伤(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage ______ our children. 答案：①to 　单句表达 ②消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊。 Negative self－talk ________________ and decreases self－respect. 答案：②damages self－confidence ⑤ supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)(教材P65) [名师点津]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有： provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes ________ large supply of baby food with her. ②(剑桥高阶)Strawberries are ________ short supply at the moment. 答案：①a　②in 　一句多译 ③(朗文当代)一名告密者向警方提供了参与犯罪的人的姓名。 An informer ________________________________ of those involved in the crime. ＝An informer ________________________________ of those involved in the crime. 答案：③supplied the police with the names; provided the police with the names ⑥ adopt v. 采取(某种方法)(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)He's adopted ________ remarkably light－hearted attitude towards the situation. ②(牛津高阶)Paul's mother had him ________ (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself. ③(剑桥高阶)She was homeless and had to put her child up for ________ (adopt). 答案：①a　②adopted　③adoption 　单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。 All three teams ____________________________ the problem. 答案：④adopted different approaches to ⑦ reduce v. 减少，降低(教材P66) 　单句语法填空 ①Changing our spending habits may be the best way ________ (reduce) the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. ②(牛津高阶)Costs have been reduced ________ 20% over the past year. ③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed ________ forty kilometres per hour. 答案：①to reduce　②by　③to 　单句表达 ④(中国日报)我们现在都知道，接种疫苗是减少疫情蔓延的最可靠方法。 We all know now that vaccination is ____________________________ the spread of the pandemic. 答案：④the most sure way to reduce ⑧ majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物)(教材P68) [名师点津]　the majority of＋n.(名词可用不可数名词，也可用可数名词复数)，谓语动词由后面的名词决定。 　单句语法填空 ①Our country is a traditional agricultural society with a majority ________ farming population. ②However, the majority of people ________ (be) effective speakers because they train to be. ③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major _____the gardening after attending college. 答案：①of　②are　③in 　单句表达 ④在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。 The white are ________________ in Australia while the native people (are) ________________. 答案：④in the majority; in the minority ⑨ amount n. 数量，数额(教材P68) [名师点津]　表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合： (1)a number of只修饰可数名词复数。 (2)a great deal of, a great amount of, large amounts of只修饰不可数名词。 (3)a lot of (lots of), plenty of, a large quantity of (large quantities of) 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 　单句语法填空 ①(中国日报)A few examples will show the amount of trust foreign businesses ________ (put) in the National Security Law since it helped restore peace and order, and improve the rule of law in the city. ②(中国日报)COVID－19 deaths are expected to reach between 100 and 200 per day at the peak, although there ________ (be) a large amount of uncertainty. ③It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount ________． 答案：①have put　②is　③to 　单句表达 ④无论如何，你所给予的赞扬取决于他们工作的努力程度。 Anyway, ____________________________________________how hard they work. 答案：④the amount of praise you give depends on ⑩ remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉(教材P69) 　写出remove在下列句中的词义 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Apply icing eyes and nose. Remove bunny from the belt.________ ②(剑桥高阶)He removed his hat and gloves.________ ③(剑桥高阶)Several opposition groups are fighting to remove the president from power.________ ④(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.________ ⑤(牛津高阶)Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.________ 答案：①拿走　②脱去(衣物) 　③解除(职务) ④清除　⑤开除 　单句表达 ⑥(牛津高阶)这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。 The news ________________________ the company's future. 答案：⑥removed any doubts about ⑪ urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促(教材P71) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)The report urged that all children ________ (teach) to swim. ②(牛津高阶)I have some ________ (urge) business to attend to. 答案：①(should) be taught　②urgent 　一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)机动车协会劝告开车的人暂时不要使用公路。 Motoring organizations are urging drivers ________________ by road if possible. ＝Motoring organizations are urging that drivers ________________ by road if possible. 答案：③not to travel; (should) not travel ⑫ concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的(教材P71) 　单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)There was no evidence that he was concerned ________ any criminal activity. ②________ (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. ③________ (concern) the toll free policy on the express way, what ________ (concern) us most is the traffic jam while some concern ________ (＝are concerned ________) the safety. 答案：①in　②Concerned　③Concerning; concerns; about/for; about/for 　句型转换 ④In my opinion, it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. →________________________， it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. 答案：④As/So far as I am concerned ⑬ contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)(教材P72) [名师点津]　(1)contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。 (2)表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。 　单句语法填空 ①(中国日报)China's effective control of the outbreak has contributed to ________ (stabilize) the diamond market. ②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes ________ the homeless people. ③ Wilson received several international awards for his great ________ (contribute). 答案：①stabilizing　②to　③contributions 　单句表达 ④ 孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。 Loneliness is a serious social problem that can ____________ depression and even crimes. 答案：④contribute to/lead to/result in/bring about/cause ⑭ average adj. 平均(数)的(教材P72) 　填入合适的介词、副词 ①There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, ________ average 18 students in each class. Tom's score was ________ average while John's was ________ average. That's why John was upset. 答案：①on; above; below 　句型转换 ② Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, splits between watching television and using the Internet. →____________， today's children spend four and a half hours a day looking at screens, splits between watching television and using the Internet. 答案：②On average 短语研磨 ① due to 由于；因为(教材P62) [名师点津]　表示原因的介词短语还有：because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of等。 　单句语法填空 ①(柯林斯词典)Unfortunately, due ____unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled. 答案：①to 　单句表达 ②公共汽车预计下午五点钟到达，但由于大雾的阻碍它晚了一个小时。 The bus ________________ at 5 pm, but it arrived one hour late ____________________． ③(牛津高阶)他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致。 His lateness was ____________ the very heavy traffic on the motorway. 答案：②was due to arrive; due to the heavy fog　③due to ② take ... into account 把……考虑进去(教材P69) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)When judging his performance, don't take his age ________ account. ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts ________ about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. ③(剑桥高阶)He doesn't drink alcohol ________ account of his health. ④(朗文当代)These figures do not take account ________ changes in the rate of inflation. 答案：①into　②for　③on　④of 　单句表达 ⑤ 这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。 The professor warned the students that ________________ should they use mobile phones in his class. 答案：⑤on no account ① 形容词(短语)作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film．(教材P62)有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物，不再去海里游泳。 (1)形容词(短语)作状语说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 (2)作原因状语时，相当于because从句，这时形容词(短语)通常放在句首。 　单句语法填空 ①After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________ (tire) and hungry. ②When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous and ________ (embarrass). 答案：①tired　②embarrassed 　单句表达 ③(2021·天津高考3月)乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，亨利·大卫·梭罗在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。 ____________________________， Henry David Thoreau sought a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. ④我很想在您的讲座中学习一些有关民间舞蹈的知识，期待您的到来。 ________________________________________， I'm looking forward to your coming. 答案：③Happy to withdraw from social life　 ④Interested to learn some knowledge about folk dances in your lecture ② 倍数表达法 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. (教材P68)但是，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 (1) ... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ... (2) ... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ... (3) ... 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height of ... (4) ... 倍数＋that of ... (5) ... 倍数＋what ... 　单句语法填空 ①This bridge is three times the ________ (wide) of that one. ②The population now in this village is five times ________ it was ten years ago. 答案：①width　②what 　一句多译 ③(牛津高阶)这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。 This book is ________________________ that one. ＝This book is ____________________ that one. ＝This book is ____________________ that one. 答案：③three times as long as; three times longer than; three times the length of （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(牛津高阶)She shows a very positive attitude ________ her work. 答案：to/towards 2．(朗文当代)It's clear that smaller, more vulnerable banks ________ (target). 答案：have been targeted 3．(剑桥高阶)Many species of plants and animals are in danger of ________ (extinct). 答案：extinction 4．(朗文当代)________ (fortunate), everything worked out all right in the end. 答案：Fortunately 5．(朗文当代)Parents don't punish their children so ________ (severe) these days. 答案：severely 6．(朗文当代)The journal had a ________ (devote) following of around 1，000 subscribers. 答案：devoted 7．(牛津高阶)The deliberate ________ (cruel) of his words cut her like a knife. 答案：cruelty 8．When my old friend Brian urged me ________ (accept) a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. 答案：to accept 9．(剑桥高阶)________ (concern) parents have complained about the dangerous playground. 答案：Concerned 10．(牛津高阶)The poor weather may have accounted ________ the small crowd. 答案：for Ⅱ.选词填空 the other way round; mistake ... for ...; due to; take ... into account; protect ... from ...; come across; by mistake; be based on; break down; rather than 1．(朗文当代)A woman ________ him ______a well－known actor, and asked him for his autograph. 答案：mistook; for 2．(中国日报)We have to rebuild our economies and industry by ____________ the price of the carbon we are emitting. 答案：taking into account 3．(中国日报)While driving to the village, Yang ____________ two vehicles that had crashed due to the floodwaters. 答案：came across 4．(2019·北京高考)A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it ____________ trust and existing relationships. 答案：is based on 5．Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, ______ just depending on the teacher. 答案：rather than 6．(牛津高阶)Sugar and starch ____________ in the stomach. 答案：are broken down 7．(牛津高阶)I took your bag instead of mine ____________． 答案：by mistake 8．He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to ________ the birds ________ the heat. 答案：protect; from 9．In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is ____________ gains in BMI in rural areas. 答案：due to 10．(牛津高阶)I was accused of stealing money from her but in fact it was ____________. 答案：the other way round Ⅲ.单句表达 1．工作做完了，他们出去玩了。 With ________________， they went out to play. 答案：the work done 2．当他正沿着街开车时，他看见两个小偷正从一家商店里冲出来，朝一辆等候的汽车跑去。 When he was driving along the street, he ____________________________________ and running towards a waiting car. 答案：saw two thieves rushing out of a shop 3．(2019·北京高考)温度升高改变了海洋的主要特征，并可能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长，还需要营养物质。 Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need ____________ sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, ____________ nutrients. 答案：not only; but also 4．他的考试成绩不是很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。 His exam results were not very good, but we must ______________________ his long illness. 答案：take into account 5．据说在5G的帮助下，我们下载的速度将是现在的10倍。 It is said that with the help of 5G, we will download at 10 times speed __________________ we do now. 答案：as fast as （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 并列句和状语从句 高考真题练悟 单句语法填空 1． The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________ cultural exchanges. 2．He hung on for a few minutes ________ screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him. 3．We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job.[2021·全国甲卷] 4．Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. 5．________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. [感悟]　语法填空五谨记 1．完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词。 2．若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空处必定填连词。 3．牢记特殊句式中连词的运用。 4．全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词，熟悉它们的用法。 5．准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时要注意区分易混词。 考点多维突破 一、并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。 ①In addition, its abundant food resources and energy in the ocean make it possible for living things to survive. 此外，海洋中丰富的食物资源和能源使生物生存成为可能。 ②We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. 我们挨着坐下，但大卫不愿看我一眼。 ③He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over. 他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。 ④Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。 [指津] (1)when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式： be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… be on the point of doing sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时突然…… had done sth. when... 刚做了某事，这时突然…… He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow. 他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。 (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Hurry up，or you'll be late again． 快点，否则你会再迟到。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．The Olympic cauldron (主火炬) at the snowflake-themed ceremony was small, ________ the flames conveyed significant messages of greener Olympic Games.[2023·菏泽市高三一模] 2．Both previous restorations to losses ________ joins between the original marble blocks that have discolored will be replaced by a more closely marble－like material.[2023·潍坊市模拟] 3．On a serious note, spending time away from our screens from time to time is not only good for kids' health, ________ also everyone's.[2023·郴州市第一质量监测] 二、状语从句 项目 连词 例句 注意事项 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before，after, since，until, the moment等 When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine. I will tell him the news the moment he comes. 要注意时态一致，一般情况下，在时间状语从句中，表示将来的动作用一般现在时(不可用将来时) 地点状语从句 where, wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. We are always welcome wherever we go. 注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆，若是定语从句，where前必然有先行词 条件状语从句 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case等 You should go to school unless you are seriously ill. He will certainly pass the exam next term if he works hard at his lessons. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时 原因状语从句 because，since，as，now (that) He didn't go to school because he was ill. As he is a League member, he takes the lead in everything in his class. ①because语气最强，回答why提出的问题；since次之；as最弱； ②as引导的从句往往放在主句前面，for后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明 让步状语从句 although, though，while, as, even if/though，whatever, however, whoever, no matter what/who/how Although he is a child, he knows a lot. Tired as/though I was, I went on with my work. I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am. ①当用though或 although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but； ②as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语、状语或动词原形提前 结果状语从句 so...that..., such...that..., so that He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him. It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times. I got up late so that I missed the early bus. 在so... that... 和such...that... 结构中，so为副词，后面跟形容词、副词或分词，而such为限定词，后面只能跟名词或名词性短语 方式状语从句 as, just as, as if, as though We should work and study as he did. They talked as if they had been friends for years. as if, as though在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气 比较状语从句 as... as..., not so...as, 比较级＋than He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class. He is taller than any other student in our school. 可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any other＋单数可数名词 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that) She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university. Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 从句中常用may, might, can, could, should等情态动词 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．Apart from that, the decorated resumes do little help to find a job ________ most HR managers pay more attention to skills.[2023·湖北省孝感市高三模拟] 2．________the factory was a later addition, it proved that subsequently dedicated coin mints were built somewhere in China from the very beginning.[2023·辽宁省协作体一模] 3．Without complex decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so well ________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)．[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一] 4．________ or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city's evolution(演变)．[2023·河南省高考适应性练习] 巩固训练夯提 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Getting up early has many benefits for both your body ________ your mind.[2023·常德市模拟] 2．Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible, ________ policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in the first place.[2023·河北名校联盟高三调研] 3．Mack is in the middle of his A-levels, ________ he is too impatient to finish the year, so he is taking a break from his studies to attempt the world record.[2023·南京市考前训练题二] 4．For instance, you have to add ingredients in the correct order, ________ cookies will be unpleasantly wet.[2023·河北衡水中学押题卷] 5．The book creates a painting style that is both classical ________ modern.[2023·河北省适应性考试] 6．In the following years, ________Deng has dedicated himself to training, struggling for an opportunity to fly into space, he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it.[2023·高三年级苏州八校模拟] 7．Dad, you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream. You must hold on to it, no matter ________awaits you.[2023·苏州八校模拟] 8．In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized ________ technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher.[2023·连云港市考前模拟一] 9. I feel I'm missing something ________ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.[2023·山东省济南市模拟] 10．One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can ________ they disappear.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二] Ⅱ.语法填空 [2023·吉林市高三第一次调研] Shaanxi kuaiban is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm of bamboo clappers. In June, it 1.________ (recognize) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) at the national level. It can be performed by a group or alone. The art form can date back to the late Qing Dynasty. According to its performers, the art was 2.________ (origin) used by farmers to share their knowledge and earn money. 3.________ now, more people perform Shaanxi kuaiban on different occasions—for example, at a great many festival 4.________ (celebrate), parties and art shows. Yang Jinlong, 46, is an 5.________ (experience) Shaanxi kuaiban artist. He was introduced to the art form by his father, an amateur performer, when he was 6, and often went with him 6.________ (watch) kuaiban performances. “As a young boy, I was attached 7.________ the art form because many of the stories are about heroes. The performer tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it is easy for the audience to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme，” Yang said. Since 2003, he 8.________ (teach) the art form to young people. “Art education is playing 9.________ important role in students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments, there are many people 10.________ (learn) traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban，” Yang said. Ⅲ.写作运用 1．not only...but also... 典例　海洋不仅给我们提供充足的食物，而且维持着生态平衡。 Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature.[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 运用　Youth的专栏Cultures Around the World不仅拓宽了我的视野，也让我有机会体验不同的文化。[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ] ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 典例　提前从网上预订票和房间，你会有更多的时间去观光。 Book tickets and rooms online in advance，and you will have more time to go sightseeing. 运用　来参观展览吧，你将享受一场视觉盛宴。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．so...that...结果状语从句 典例　他们的爆米花是如此的美味以至于很快就卖光了。 Their popcorn was so delicious that it was sold out soon. 运用　惊喜是如此甜蜜，她兴奋地摇了摇正假装打鼾的丈夫。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．be doing...when... 典例　马克正在想接下来该怎么办，正在那时，一只手把他拉进了车里。 Mac was wondering what to do next when a hand pulled him into the car. 运用　我们正在找地方搭帐篷，这时妈妈告诉我们她忘了带帐篷。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．not until... 典例　直到似乎过了半个世纪之后，我们才听到了直升机的声音。 Not until after what seemed half a century did we hear the roar of the helicopter. 运用　直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正好是我们见面的时间。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 高考真题练悟 1．答案与解析：and　考查连词。分析句子成分可知， 此处并列2个名词短语，根据句意可知，此处意为“促进国际合作与文化交流”，故填并列连词。 2．答案与解析：and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应该填连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 3．答案与解析：but　考查连词。根据空处前后的句意可知，“自行车又旧又摇晃”与“能骑”之间是转折关系。故用表转折的连词but。 4．答案与解析：neither　考查连词。根据后面的“she nor her husband”可知，此处为neither...nor...结构。所以用neither。 5．答案与解析：When/As　考查时间状语从句。When/As在句中表示“当……时”。 考点多维突破 一、并列句 即学即练 1．答案与解析：but　考查连词。句意：在以雪花为主题的开幕式上，奥运圣火很小，但圣火传递了绿色奥运的重要信息。由“small”和“the flames conveyed significant messages”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处用表示转折的but，故填but。 2．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：之前的修复和原有大理石块之间已经变色的连接将被更接近大理石的材料取代。both...and...是固定搭配，意为“两个都……”，故填and。 3．答案与解析：but　考查连词。句意：严肃地说，时不时远离屏幕不仅对孩子的健康有好处，对每个人都有好处。固定短语not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”。 二、状语从句 即学即练 1．答案与解析：because　考查连词。句意：除此之外，装饰华丽的简历对找工作几乎没有帮助，因为大多数人力资源经理更注重技能。由“resumes do little help to find a job”和“most HR managers pay more attention to skills”可知，句子表示“装饰华丽的简历对找工作几乎没有帮助，因为大多数人力资源经理更注重技能”，空格处意为“因为”，故填because。 2．答案与解析：While/Although/Though　考查状语从句。句意：虽然工厂是后来增加的，它证明了后来专用铸币厂从一开始就在中国的某个地方建造。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”可用while、although或though，句首单词首字母要大写。 3．答案与解析：that　考查状语从句。so...that...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。 4．答案与解析：Whether　考查状语从句。句意：不管你是否同意，这句话确实反映了它在城市发展中的重要作用。whether...or not...无论……与否， 符合语境。 巩固训练夯提 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：早起对你的身心都有很多好处。前后是并列关系，所以用连词and。 2．答案与解析：so　考查连词。句意：将塑料再次从水中取出几乎是不可能的，因此政策制定者首先应该专注于防止更多塑料进入海洋。根据语境和句意可知，此空前后两句有因果关系，应用连词so。 3．答案与解析：but　考查连词。句意：麦克的A级课程已经进行了一半，但是他太不耐烦了，不能完成这一年的课程，所以他要休学，去尝试打破世界纪录。结合句意可知，前后事情发生了转折，所以用转折连词but。 4．答案与解析：or　考查连词。句意：例如，你必须按照正确的顺序添加配料，否则饼干会变得潮湿，令人不快。分析句子逻辑可知，可知填or。 5．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：这本书创造了一种既古典又现代的绘画风格。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配both...and...，表示“不仅……而且……”，故填and。 6．答案与解析：while/although/though　考查让步状语从句。句意：在接下来的几年里，尽管Deng一直致力于训练，努力争取进入太空的机会，但他总是与好运近在咫尺，至今仍未实现。后文“he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it”和前文之间存在转折关系，因位于句子开头部分，故此处可用从属连词while或although或though引导让步状语从句。 7．答案与解析：what　考查让步状语从句。句意：你必须坚持下去，不管等待你的是什么。根据句意和no matter可知，此处引导让步状语从句，no matter what“无论什么……”，连接代词what在从句中作主语，指代事物。故填what。 8．答案与解析：because/since/as　考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，教师专业发展的改善再怎么强调也不为过，因为技术永远不会取代知识渊博的教师。结合语境，上下句之间是因果关系，故填because/since/as。 9．答案与解析：if　考查状语从句。句意：如果我在元宵节期间不吃元宵，我觉得我错过了什么。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。 10．答案与解析：before　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连词连接状语从句；结合句意可知，此处指在种子消失前，收集并保存它们。由此可知，空处需用连词before“在……之前”。 Ⅱ.语法填空 语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——文化——陕西快板及其传承人 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了国家级非物质文化遗产陕西快板及其传承人王金龙的学艺经历和为传播传统文化所做的努力等。 1．答案与解析：was recognized　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，recognize在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In June可知，时态用一般过去时；主语it (Shaanxi kuaiban)和recognize之间形成了被动关系；主语为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recognized。 2．答案与解析：originally　副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词originally。 3．答案与解析：But/Yet　连词。结合语境可知，前后句之间形成了转折关系，所以空处填But/Yet，注意首字母大写。 4．答案与解析：celebrations　名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的名词复数parties和art shows形成并列关系，根据空前的a great many也可判断空处填名词复数celebrations。 5．答案与解析：experienced　词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应填形容词修饰后面的名词artist，结合语境可知此处表示“经验丰富的”，所以空处填experienced。 6．答案与解析：to watch　非谓语动词。本句的第二个谓语动词是went, watch在句中为非谓语，结合语境“经常跟他一起去看快板表演”可知此处表目的，所以空处填不定式to watch。 7．答案与解析：to　介词。be attached to...“非常喜欢……，依恋/爱慕……”，是固定表达。 8．答案与解析：has been teaching/has taught　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。teach在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语Since 2003可知，时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语he和teach之间为主动关系；主语he为第三人称单数。所以空处填has been teaching/has taught。 9．答案与解析：an　冠词。play an important role in “在……发挥重要作用”，是常用搭配。 10．答案与解析：learning　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是are, learn在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语many people之间是主谓关系，所以空处填learning。 Ⅲ.写作运用 1．Not only does Cultures Around the World, a column of Youth broaden my horizons，but also it gives me an opportunity to experience different cultures. 2．Come to the exhibition，and you will enjoy a visual feast. 3．The surprise was so sweet that she excitedly shook her husband，who was pretending to snore. 4．We were looking for a place to put up the tent when Mother told us that she had forgotten to take it. 5．Not until yesterday was I informed that our class was going to hold an important meeting this weekend—exactly the time we shall meet. $$