第02讲 选修第一册Unit2单词词组句型预习-【暑假自学课】2024年高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第02讲 选修第一册Unit2单词词组句型预习 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理（吃透教材） 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练（4大考点） 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1.掌握选修第一册第二单元的核心词汇和短语考点。 2.理解并运用本单元语法“强调句”考点。 3.学会用所学习单词或者短语进行做题并且理解文章。 4.掌握本单元的语法，运用相关知识进行写作。 （一）单词、变形、词组搭配 plough vt. & vi. 犁（田），耕（地） n. 犁 plough into sb/ sth. 猛撞；（尤指）撞车 plough (your way) through sth. 坚持做（艰难或乏味的事情） fertility n. 富饶，丰产 反义词：sterility n. 贫瘠 fertile adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；多产的，丰产的；富于创造力的 the fertility of the soil 土壤的肥沃度 declining fertility rates 下降的生育率 collaboration n.合作，协作；合作成果 collaborate v.合作、协=cooperate in collaboration with 与…合作；与…勾结 push sth to good use有效使用 minimize vt. 使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低；（尤指在计算机屏幕上）使最小化 minimum v. 使........最小化 maximize(反义词)→ n. maximum最大化 a minimum charge / price 最低收费 / 价格 boast vt. & vi. 有（值得自豪的东西）；自夸，自吹自擂 boaster n自吹自擂者 boast about 夸口，夸耀，吹嘘 boast that 从句 diagnose vi. & vt. 判断（问题的原因），诊断（疾病） diagnosable adj. 可诊断的 diagnosis n. 复数： diagnoses diagnose sb as (having) sth. 诊断某人有… be diagnosed as 被诊断为… fertilizer n. 肥料 fertilize v. 施肥、使肥沃 yield n. 产量，产出vt. 出产（作物），产生（收益等） vi. 屈服，让步；变形，弯曲 yield to v. 向......屈服 high / low yield 高/低产 yield to threats/temptation 屈服于威胁/诱惑 spray vt. & vi. 喷，喷洒；向…扫射（或抛洒）浪花，水花；喷剂；喷雾器 sprayer n. 喷雾；喷雾器 spray sb / sth. (with sth.) 向…扫射(或抛洒)；往…上撒 obstacle n. 障碍，阻碍；障碍物，绊脚石 同义词：barrier n. 障碍 an obstacle to progress对进步的妨碍 overcome an obstacle 克服障碍 remove an obstacle 排除障碍 irrigation n. 灌溉 irrigate v. 灌溉 irrigational adj. 水利的，灌溉的 irrigate a farmland 灌溉农田 abundance n. 大量，充裕 abundant adj. 充裕的；充足的 an abundance of…大量；丰富 in abundance = in large quantities 充裕，丰富 conquer vt. 击败，战胜；克服 conqueror n. 征服者、胜利者 conquerable adj. 可征服的；可打败的 conquer a country 征服某国 conquer a bad habit 克服恶习 the pros and cons 事物的利与弊 strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处 nobleman n.(pl. noblemen) 贵族成员，出身高贵的人 noble v. 贵族的 porter n. 搬运工，行李员；医院里护；送病人的）护工；门卫，门房 port n. 港口；埠 contemplation n. 深思，沉思；凝视，默默注视 contemplate v. 深思、沉思 be lost in contemplation陷入沉思中 maturity n.（人或动植物）成熟，完全长成；（思想行为等）成熟 mature adj. 成熟的 immature adj. 不成熟的 exclusion n. 排除在外，排斥；不包括在内的人（或物） exclude v. 排除在外；排斥 反义词：include v. 包括在内；包含 do sth. to the exclusion of sth. 专注于做某事而排斥（无暇顾及）其他事情 cultivation n. 耕种，种植；（品质或技巧的）培养 cultivate v. 培养；种植 bring land into cultivation开垦土地 simplified adj. 简化的 simplify vt. 使简化，使简易 simplify the processes of…简化…的手续(或过程) （二）短语 1. make a proposal for 为...做一个提案 2. plough fields 犁地 3. improve soil fertility 增加土地养分 4. hit the target 正中靶心 5. spring to mind 跃入脑海 6. the collaboration between farming and technology 农业和科技之间的合作 7. give rise to 引起，产生 8. equip sb with sth 给某人提供某物 9. make reliable decisions 做出可靠的决定 10. with remarkable accuracy非常准确地 11. aim to do sth 旨在做某事 12. have a positive impact on 对...有积极的影响 13. provide better solutions to 为...提供更好的解决方案 14. put...to good use 有效使用 15. minimize potential threats to the environment 降低对环境的潜在威胁 16. boast a diverse range of 有各种各样的... 17. build up 建立，设立 18. identify potential problems 发现潜在的问题 19. be poor in nutrients 养分不足 20. be of enormous benefit 有巨大的好处 21. reach a much higher level 达到一个更高的水平 22. contribute to increased crop yields 有助于提高作物产量 23. distinguish weeds from crops 区分杂草和作物 24. require delicate handling 需要精细处理 25. carry out specialized tasks 执行专门的任务 26. thanks to 多亏了 27. the rapid growth in the urban population 城市人口的快速增长 28. take off 成功 29. a refreshing contrast to sth ...的一个鲜明对比 30. overcome obstacle 克服障碍 31. meet the electricity demands of.. 满足...的电力需求 32. develop agriculture and establish civilization 发展农业和建立文明 33. be symbolically referred to as 被象征性地称为 34. a wide variety of 各种各样的 35. maintain a significant position 仍然保持着重要的地位 36. promote sustainable development of farming 促进农业的可持续发展 37. rely on...for... 依靠...来获取... 38. take advantage of 利用 39. in contemporary times 在当代 40. adopt new irrigation methods 采用新的灌溉方法 41. do research on 对...做研究 42. highly effective 非常有效 43. have damaging impacts (on) 有破坏性的影响 44. stand on the fence 不支持任何一方 45. release nutrients 释放养分 46. bring immediate results 带来立竿见影的结果 47. in terms of 在...方面，就...而言 48. tend to do sth 往往做某事 49. break down 分解 50. apart from 除...以外 51. due to the overuse of pesticides 由于杀虫剂的过度使用 52. a range of 各种各样的 53. cause severe damage to 对...造成严重的危害 54. make one’s way 前进，前行 55. weigh the pros and cons 权衡利弊 56. minimize the damage 减少危害 57. be grateful to sb for 因某事赶集某人 58. originate in China 起源于中国 59. conquer the world 征服世界 60. to the extent that 以至于，达到...的程度 61. describe sth as sth 把...描述成... 62. come across 偶然发现 63. inspire sb to do sth 启发某人去做某事 64. be shipped to 被运到 65. sum up 总结 66. drain away (水)流走，排走 67. boast many tea-growing areas 有很多茶叶种植区 68. come to maturity 成熟 69. be regarded as 被认为 70. brainstorm ideas 进行脑力风暴 71. inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 72. increase one’s awareness that... 提高某人的意识 （三）语法—强调句 为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 表示强调的 it 在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用。如： Next year I will visit the Great Wall in Beijing. 强调主语：It is I that/who will visit the Great Wall in Beijing next week. 强调宾语：It is the Great Wall that I will visit in Beijing next week. 强调地点状语：It is in Beijing that I will visit the Great Wall next week. 强调时间状语：It is next week that I will visit the Great Wall in Beijing. 强调谓语 另外，还要注意下面几点： 1）It is I who ___am___ a teacher. (在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。) 2）It __is_ they who often help me with my lessons. (即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。) 3）It was because her mother was ill ___that_____ she didn't go with us. 4) It was in the house __that ______ the murder happened. 在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或 how ，而要用that 。 5）在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is (was) not until ...that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。 My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night. =___It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came back.___ I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses._ =___It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.__ 普通句：He didn't go to bed until his wife came back.直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 普通句：I didn’t know the news until yesterday.直到昨天我才知道这个消息。 强调句：It was not until yesterday that I knew the news. 6）原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)… 7）强调句型容易和句型“It is/was+名词+that名词从句”混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) … that(who)… 去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.（主从） It was on July 12th __that__ (when, that) we first met. It was July 12th ____when___ (when, that) we first met. 8)强调句可以用作宾语从句。 如：He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished. 9）强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。 如：It may be my bike that he is riding. It must have been the man that spoke to you. 二、用助动词do或其变化形式does，did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。如： He ____did____ (did, do, does) send you a letter last week. We’re pleased that she _____does___ (did, do, does) intend to come. ___Do____ (did, do, does) write to me when you get there． 三、反复使用同一个词来加强语气 ，可反复使用词的一般是动词， 副词，形容词和名词。 如： I'll never, never forget you. 四、 用“at all”，“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等来加强疑问或否定语气。 如：What on earth are you doing? 五、 用反身代词表示强调 。 如：I myself will see her off at the station． You can do it well yourself． 当句子中的主语、宾语、状语需要强调时，可以使用强调句型。强调句型的结构为：“It is (was) + 被强调部分 + that (which, who, whom) + 句中其他部分”。动词be的时态可随that从句的时态的变化而变化。例如： It is the bag that costs 300 dollars. (强调主语) It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语)  It was yesterday that I met him in the street. （强调时间状语） 使用此句型时，应注意以下几点： 1. 当被强调的部分指人时，要用who或that。当被强调的部分是宾语，又是指人时，要用whom或that，但通常多用that。 It was a young scientist who (that) solved this problem five years ago.（强调主语） 正是一位年轻的科学家五年前解决了这个问题。 It was Li Ming whom (that) I met at the railway station last week. (强调宾语) 上个星期我在车站遇到的人正是李明。 2. 当被强调部分指物时，只用that。 It is a new bike that his brother wants to buy. 他兄弟想买的正是一辆新自行车。 It was the legislature that played the decisive role in declaring war. 正是立法机构在宣战时起决定性作用。 3. 当被强调的部分是状语时，只能用that，不能用when或where。 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go with us. 正是因为她母亲病了，她才没有和我们一起去。 It was in the library that he borrowed that novel. 正是在图书馆里他借了那本小说。 4. 当被强调的部分是主语时，句子的谓语动词要和被强调的主语保持一致。 It is he who is late. 正是他迟到了。 It is they that were late. 正是他们迟到了。 5. 强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。如： He is better today since he can walk around without my help. 他今天好些了，因为没有我的帮助他也可以四处走走了。 此句就不能有下列强调形式： It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my help. (错) It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (错) 教材习题01 直到他父母回来他才上床睡觉。 （It is/was...that...强调句） _______________________________________________ 解题方法 在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is (was) not until ...that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。 【答案】It was not until his parents came back that he went to bed. 教材习题02 昨晚我确实给你打电话了，但没人接。 （强调谓语动词） ________________________________________________ 解题方法 用助动词do或其变化形式does，did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。 【答案】I did call you last night but nobody answered. 考点一 单元重点词汇 1. The hotel __________（有（值得自豪的东西）） two swimming pools and a golf course. 2. I hope his appointment will __________（使简化）matters. 3. She wrote the book in __________（合作；协作）with one of her students. 4. The approach greatly improved the __________（产量）of the crop. 5. Good hygiene helps to __________（使减少到最低程度）the risk of infection. 6. The crops are regularly __________ （喷；喷洒）with pesticide. 7. The illness was __________（诊断）as cancer. 8. It had once been the home of a wealthy __________（贵族）. 9. The Normans __________（征服）England in 1066. 10. The path grew __________（陡的；陡峭的）as we climbed higher. 11. The fertile land is under __________（耕种；种植）. 12. The Oscar winner this year is a living __________（传奇人物）. 13. He sat there deep in __________（沉思；深思）. 14. But the __________（缺点）of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. 15. The island is hot and __________（潮湿的）in the summer. 16. Memories of the past filled her mind to the __________（排斥；排除在外）of all else. 17. That boy is being a real __________（讨厌的人）,running and screaming in the cinema． 18. You should take a __________（小口喝）and appreciate the flavor. 19. In these stories, we read about heroes growing into__________（成熟）from childhood. 20. Do you ever wonder why trees begin to __________（发芽）earlier in some cities? 【答案】 1.boasts 2.simplify 3. collaboration 4. yield 5. minimize 6. sprayed 7.diagnosed 8. nobleman 9.conquered 10. steeper 11. cultivation 12.legend 13.contemplation 14. downside 15.humid 16. exclusion 17. pest 18. sip 19. maturity 20. bud 考点二 单元短语填空 hit the target spring to mind give rise to build up thanks to a wide variety of take advantage of stand on the fence break down apart from weigh the pros and cons 1. His name doesn't ________________immediately. 2.If you're too trusting, other people will _____________you. 3. _____________two men on watch in the engine-room, everyone was asleep. 4. _________________recent research, effective treatments are available. 5.She can ______________every time at a distance of 50 metres. 7.She had been waiting for Simon to _____________the barrier between them 6.I need to ____________before making a decision. 8.The club provides_________________ activities including tennis, swimming and squash. 9.Low levels of choline in the body can _____________high blood-pressure 10.Agriculture and industry are the base on which to __________the nation. 【答案】 1. spring to mind 2. take advantage of 3. Apart from 4. Thanks to 5. hit the target 6.weigh the pros and cons 7. break down 8.a wide variety of 9. give rise to 10. build up 考点三 单句语法填空 1. The feces（粪便）contain nitrogen which __________ (fertilizer) the soil. 2. They’re waiting for the doctor’s __________ (diagnose). 3. This is a __________ (simplify) version of the story for young children. 4. She’s had the car __________ (spray) blue. 5. We have __________ (collaboration) on many projects over the years. 6. Buses run every hour, Sundays __________ (exclusion). 7. The people of an oppressed country obey their __________ (conquer) because they want to go on living. 8. I have never __________ (contemplation) living abroad. 9. The path climbed __________ (steep) upwards. 10. Janie is very __________ (maturity) for her age. 11. The two options are not mutually __________ (exclusion). 12. The land around here has never been __________ (cultivation). 13. The team members were greeted like __________ (conquer) heroes. 14. Her patience and tact are __________ (legend). 15. Down on street level, summer really begins when even the thought of __________(sip) a hot cup of 【答案】 1. fertilizes 2. diagnosis 3. simplified 4. sprayed 5. collaborated 6. excluded 7. conquerors 8. contemplated 9. steeply 10. mature 11. exclusive 12. cultivated 13. conquering 14. legendary 15. sipping 考点四 强调句 1. 这是一次激动人心的经历，为我打开了一个充满创造力和自我表达的全新世界。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was a thrilling experience that opened up a whole new world of creativity and self-expression for me. 2.这是一段充满挫折和决心的旅程。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was a journey that was filled with frustration and determination. 3. 那一刻，我突然意识到，正是这段特殊的经历给了我十几岁的儿子一堂宝贵的课，让他明白了一个慈爱的父母的善意。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At that moment, I suddenly realized that it was this particular experience that gave my teenage son a valuable lesson and enabled him to understand a loving parent’s good intention. 4.令人惊讶的是，坐在长椅上的是玛丽，艾伦总是喜欢在悲伤和孤独的时候坐在那里。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Amazingly, it was Mary that was perching atop of the bench where Allen always liked to sit in times of sorrow and loneliness. 5. 有时，正是我们随意的善举使我们的社会成为一个和谐的世界。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sometimes, it is our random acts of kindness that make our society a harmonious world. 一、单词拼写题 1. If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the Earth's g____________ pull. 2. Don’t get me wrong –it can be exhausting…but it is ____________(具有启发性的). 3. Our thanks are due in equal m____________ to every member of the team. 4. She never abandoned her attempts to plumb my i____________ emotions. 5. The quality of ____________(复制，录制) isn't very good on this recording. 6. You can't l____________ down hard and fast rules. 7. A warm welcome a____________ all our guests. 8. My profession had an important influence in the f____________ of my character. 9. This decision p____________ the way for changes in employment rights for women. 10. They use puppets to c____________ the imagination of younger audiences. 11. The idea ____________(逐步形成，逐步发展) from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 12. It is e____________ that the project will last four years. 13. S____________ had the game started when it began to rain. 14. We build space stations to ____________(促进，推动) our understanding of the universe. 15. Therefore, many countries have s____________ no effort in deep-sea exploration. 16. A researcher has now c____________ light on the mystery of why the animals die. 17. He said the launch of the party represented a ____________(里程碑) in Zambian history. 18. So powerful are some earthquakes that they are believed to ____________(改变，更改) the Earth’s mass. 19. He tried his best to d____________ Helen into conversations with his friends but failed. 20. A____________ out of the changing length of a day is the question how this might affect human beings. 21. Unfortunately, we can’t c____________ the Earth open like an egg. 22. The company's position with r____________ to overtime is made clear in their contracts. 【答案】 1-5 gravitational enlightening measure innermost reproduction 6-10 lay awaits formation paved capture 11-15 evolved estimated Scarcely advance spared 16-20 cast milestone alter draw Arising 21-22 crack regard 二、语法填空题 Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese. So, how did tea 1. ________( origin) in China? And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their "cup of tea"? 2. _______ we know that tea drinking started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came 3. ______ tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. 4. _________ (follow) his discovery, tea was used as medicine, 5. ________ (include) in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen. 6. _________(event), it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people. Over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture, the love of tea inspired many people to write about it. The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language, "On the high place the setting sun does shine. In the spring breeze, I sip my tea, sweet and fine." Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea, which remains the earliest and most famous7. ________ (detail) study on tea in the world, covering everything anyone could possibly want to know about Chinese tea. It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world. When the Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born. Porters 8. ________ (carry) back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes in the most terrible weather conditions, to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses. Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa. Meanwhile, different sea routes also helped spread tea to other parts of the world. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when 9. ________ (return) to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea 10. ________(ship) to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders. The well-known writer Lin Yutang 11. _____(sum) up the power of tea when he said, "There is something in the nature of tea that leads us into a world of quiet 12. _________(contemplate) of life." Tea drinking is not just about refreshing the mind and body but also about appreciating the harmony between man and nature. 【答案】 1. originate 2. While 3. across 4. Following 5. included 6. Eventually 7. detailed 8. carrying 9. returning 10. was shipped 11. summed 12. Contemplation When I first heard about the Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议), I thought about something simple and straightforward ----a fragrant cup of tea. For centuries, tea has brought ①_______(culture), communities, and people closer together. In the past centuries, tea ②_______ (connect) economies through trade and investment. The Belt and Road Initiative holds a similar promise, ③_______ is about improving regional integration and increasing trade. It is about awaking ancient trade routes and ④_______ (build) new ones. It is also about adding new economic flavors by creating infrastructure (基础建设) projects based on 21st century expertise and standards. Delivering on this promise is not an easy task, ⑤_______ doing so could bring great benefits. First, high-quality infrastructure could help stimulate potential global ⑥_______ (grow), and raise the incomes of millions of people. As the Chinese proverb ⑦_______ (go), “To become rich, one must first build roads.” A second benefit is greater inclusiveness(包容性). Think of ⑧_______ (improve) roads in rural areas that can boost productivity and access to health services. By sharing the benefits of investment and knowledge more broadly, improvement will be ⑨_______ (strong) and more inclusive. A third benefit is deeper economic cooperation. This would help boost global trade, investment, and financial cooperation, making ​⑩_______ easier to share the benefits of development more widely. All this is good for consumers, good for productivity, and good for poverty reduction. 【答案】 1.cultures2. has connected3. which4. building5. but6. growth 7. goes8. improved9.stronger10. it 三、翻译句子 1.他满脸大汗，可能在田间走动，仔细检查他的作物，然后决定需要做什么。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Face covered in sweat, he might be walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to be done. 2.现在技术的出现使农业变成了高度精准的行业。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is the advent of modern technology that has turned farming into a highly precise industry. 3.例如，如果发现土壤养分不足，农民不仅知道需要施肥，还可以计算出确切数量。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For instance, if the soil is found to be poor in nutrients, not only do farmers know that fertilizer is needed, they can also calculate the exact amount. 4.当人工智能应用于农业机器时，它的确有助于提高作物产量，并简化作物跟踪、收割和加工。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When used in farming machines, AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified crop tracking, harvesting and processing. 5.正是由于黄河在发展农业和建立文明方面的重要作用，它才被象征性地称为中国的母亲河。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is because of the river’s important role in developing agriculture and establishing civilization that it is symbolically referred to the Mother River of China. 6.今天，随着河岸农业的继续发展和繁荣，这条河的确保持着重要的地位。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Today, the river does maintain a significant position as agricultural along its banks continues to expand and thrive. 7.事实是化学产品比有机产品起作用更快。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The fact is that chemicals work faster than organic products. 8.人们普遍认为，化学产品是农民的重要工具。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is commonly acknowledged that chemicals are an important tool for farmers. 9.茶之美名终将名扬四海，自然是不足为奇的。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world. 10.早在唐代，有日本僧人来中国求学，回国时就带回茶籽和制茶工艺。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 选修第一册Unit2单词词组句型预习 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理（吃透教材） 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练（4大考点） 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1.掌握选修第一册第二单元的核心词汇和短语考点。 2.理解并运用本单元语法“强调句”考点。 3.学会用所学习单词或者短语进行做题并且理解文章。 4.掌握本单元的语法，运用相关知识进行写作。 （一）单词、变形、词组搭配 plough vt. & vi. 犁（田），耕（地） n. 犁 plough into sb/ sth. 猛撞；（尤指）撞车 plough (your way) through sth. 坚持做（艰难或乏味的事情） fertility n. 富饶，丰产 反义词：sterility n. 贫瘠 fertile adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；多产的，丰产的；富于创造力的 the fertility of the soil 土壤的肥沃度 declining fertility rates 下降的生育率 collaboration n.合作，协作；合作成果 collaborate v.合作、协=cooperate in collaboration with 与…合作；与…勾结 push sth to good use有效使用 minimize vt. 使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低；（尤指在计算机屏幕上）使最小化 minimum v. 使........最小化 maximize(反义词)→ n. maximum最大化 a minimum charge / price 最低收费 / 价格 boast vt. & vi. 有（值得自豪的东西）；自夸，自吹自擂 boaster n自吹自擂者 boast about 夸口，夸耀，吹嘘 boast that 从句 diagnose vi. & vt. 判断（问题的原因），诊断（疾病） diagnosable adj. 可诊断的 diagnosis n. 复数： diagnoses diagnose sb as (having) sth. 诊断某人有… be diagnosed as 被诊断为… fertilizer n. 肥料 fertilize v. 施肥、使肥沃 yield n. 产量，产出vt. 出产（作物），产生（收益等） vi. 屈服，让步；变形，弯曲 yield to v. 向......屈服 high / low yield 高/低产 yield to threats/temptation 屈服于威胁/诱惑 spray vt. & vi. 喷，喷洒；向…扫射（或抛洒）浪花，水花；喷剂；喷雾器 sprayer n. 喷雾；喷雾器 spray sb / sth. (with sth.) 向…扫射(或抛洒)；往…上撒 obstacle n. 障碍，阻碍；障碍物，绊脚石 同义词：barrier n. 障碍 an obstacle to progress对进步的妨碍 overcome an obstacle 克服障碍 remove an obstacle 排除障碍 irrigation n. 灌溉 irrigate v. 灌溉 irrigational adj. 水利的，灌溉的 irrigate a farmland 灌溉农田 abundance n. 大量，充裕 abundant adj. 充裕的；充足的 an abundance of…大量；丰富 in abundance = in large quantities 充裕，丰富 conquer vt. 击败，战胜；克服 conqueror n. 征服者、胜利者 conquerable adj. 可征服的；可打败的 conquer a country 征服某国 conquer a bad habit 克服恶习 the pros and cons 事物的利与弊 strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处 nobleman n.(pl. noblemen) 贵族成员，出身高贵的人 noble v. 贵族的 porter n. 搬运工，行李员；医院里护；送病人的）护工；门卫，门房 port n. 港口；埠 contemplation n. 深思，沉思；凝视，默默注视 contemplate v. 深思、沉思 be lost in contemplation陷入沉思中 maturity n.（人或动植物）成熟，完全长成；（思想行为等）成熟 mature adj. 成熟的 immature adj. 不成熟的 exclusion n. 排除在外，排斥；不包括在内的人（或物） exclude v. 排除在外；排斥 反义词：include v. 包括在内；包含 do sth. to the exclusion of sth. 专注于做某事而排斥（无暇顾及）其他事情 cultivation n. 耕种，种植；（品质或技巧的）培养 cultivate v. 培养；种植 bring land into cultivation开垦土地 simplified adj. 简化的 simplify vt. 使简化，使简易 simplify the processes of…简化…的手续(或过程) （二）短语 1. make a proposal for 为...做一个提案 2. plough fields 犁地 3. improve soil fertility 增加土地养分 4. hit the target 正中靶心 5. spring to mind 跃入脑海 6. the collaboration between farming and technology 农业和科技之间的合作 7. give rise to 引起，产生 8. equip sb with sth 给某人提供某物 9. make reliable decisions 做出可靠的决定 10. with remarkable accuracy非常准确地 11. aim to do sth 旨在做某事 12. have a positive impact on 对...有积极的影响 13. provide better solutions to 为...提供更好的解决方案 14. put...to good use 有效使用 15. minimize potential threats to the environment 降低对环境的潜在威胁 16. boast a diverse range of 有各种各样的... 17. build up 建立，设立 18. identify potential problems 发现潜在的问题 19. be poor in nutrients 养分不足 20. be of enormous benefit 有巨大的好处 21. reach a much higher level 达到一个更高的水平 22. contribute to increased crop yields 有助于提高作物产量 23. distinguish weeds from crops 区分杂草和作物 24. require delicate handling 需要精细处理 25. carry out specialized tasks 执行专门的任务 26. thanks to 多亏了 27. the rapid growth in the urban population 城市人口的快速增长 28. take off 成功 29. a refreshing contrast to sth ...的一个鲜明对比 30. overcome obstacle 克服障碍 31. meet the electricity demands of.. 满足...的电力需求 32. develop agriculture and establish civilization 发展农业和建立文明 33. be symbolically referred to as 被象征性地称为 34. a wide variety of 各种各样的 35. maintain a significant position 仍然保持着重要的地位 36. promote sustainable development of farming 促进农业的可持续发展 37. rely on...for... 依靠...来获取... 38. take advantage of 利用 39. in contemporary times 在当代 40. adopt new irrigation methods 采用新的灌溉方法 41. do research on 对...做研究 42. highly effective 非常有效 43. have damaging impacts (on) 有破坏性的影响 44. stand on the fence 不支持任何一方 45. release nutrients 释放养分 46. bring immediate results 带来立竿见影的结果 47. in terms of 在...方面，就...而言 48. tend to do sth 往往做某事 49. break down 分解 50. apart from 除...以外 51. due to the overuse of pesticides 由于杀虫剂的过度使用 52. a range of 各种各样的 53. cause severe damage to 对...造成严重的危害 54. make one’s way 前进，前行 55. weigh the pros and cons 权衡利弊 56. minimize the damage 减少危害 57. be grateful to sb for 因某事赶集某人 58. originate in China 起源于中国 59. conquer the world 征服世界 60. to the extent that 以至于，达到...的程度 61. describe sth as sth 把...描述成... 62. come across 偶然发现 63. inspire sb to do sth 启发某人去做某事 64. be shipped to 被运到 65. sum up 总结 66. drain away (水)流走，排走 67. boast many tea-growing areas 有很多茶叶种植区 68. come to maturity 成熟 69. be regarded as 被认为 70. brainstorm ideas 进行脑力风暴 71. inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 72. increase one’s awareness that... 提高某人的意识 （三）语法—强调句 为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 表示强调的 it 在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用。如： Next year I will visit the Great Wall in Beijing. 强调主语：It is I that/who will visit the Great Wall in Beijing next week. 强调宾语：It is the Great Wall that I will visit in Beijing next week. 强调地点状语：It is in Beijing that I will visit the Great Wall next week. 强调时间状语：It is next week that I will visit the Great Wall in Beijing. 强调谓语 另外，还要注意下面几点： 1）It is I who ______ a teacher. (在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。) 2）It ___ they who often help me with my lessons. (即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。) 3）It was because her mother was ill _______ she didn't go with us. 4) It was in the house __ ______ the murder happened. 在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或 how ，而要用that 。 5）在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is (was) not until ...that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。 My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night. =___It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came back.___ I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses._ =___It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.__ 普通句：He didn't go to bed until his wife came back.直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 普通句：I didn’t know the news until yesterday.直到昨天我才知道这个消息。 强调句：It was not until yesterday that I knew the news. 6）原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)… 7）强调句型容易和句型“It is/was+名词+that名词从句”混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) … that(who)… 去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.（主从） It was on July 12th ____ (when, that) we first met. It was July 12th ______ (when, that) we first met. 8)强调句可以用作宾语从句。 如：He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished. 9）强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。 如：It may be my bike that he is riding. It must have been the man that spoke to you. 二、用助动词do或其变化形式does，did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。如： He _______ (did, do, does) send you a letter last week. We’re pleased that she _______ (did, do, does) intend to come. _______ (did, do, does) write to me when you get there． 三、反复使用同一个词来加强语气 ，可反复使用词的一般是动词， 副词，形容词和名词。 如： I'll never, never forget you. 四、 用“at all”，“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等来加强疑问或否定语气。 如：What on earth are you doing? 五、 用反身代词表示强调 。 如：I myself will see her off at the station． You can do it well yourself． 当句子中的主语、宾语、状语需要强调时，可以使用强调句型。强调句型的结构为：“It is (was) + 被强调部分 + that (which, who, whom) + 句中其他部分”。动词be的时态可随that从句的时态的变化而变化。例如： It is the bag that costs 300 dollars. (强调主语) It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语)  It was yesterday that I met him in the street. （强调时间状语） 使用此句型时，应注意以下几点： 1. 当被强调的部分指人时，要用who或that。当被强调的部分是宾语，又是指人时，要用whom或that，但通常多用that。 It was a young scientist who (that) solved this problem five years ago.（强调主语） 正是一位年轻的科学家五年前解决了这个问题。 It was Li Ming whom (that) I met at the railway station last week. (强调宾语) 上个星期我在车站遇到的人正是李明。 2. 当被强调部分指物时，只用that。 It is a new bike that his brother wants to buy. 他兄弟想买的正是一辆新自行车。 It was the legislature that played the decisive role in declaring war. 正是立法机构在宣战时起决定性作用。 3. 当被强调的部分是状语时，只能用that，不能用when或where。 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go with us. 正是因为她母亲病了，她才没有和我们一起去。 It was in the library that he borrowed that novel. 正是在图书馆里他借了那本小说。 4. 当被强调的部分是主语时，句子的谓语动词要和被强调的主语保持一致。 It is he who is late. 正是他迟到了。 It is they that were late. 正是他们迟到了。 5. 强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。如： He is better today since he can walk around without my help. 他今天好些了，因为没有我的帮助他也可以四处走走了。 此句就不能有下列强调形式： It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my help. (错) It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (错) 教材习题01 直到他父母回来他才上床睡觉。 （It is/was...that...强调句） _______________________________________________ 解题方法 在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is (was) not until ...that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。 【答案】 教材习题02 昨晚我确实给你打电话了，但没人接。 （强调谓语动词） ________________________________________________ 解题方法 用助动词do或其变化形式does，did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。 【答案】 考点一 单元重点词汇 1. The hotel __________（有（值得自豪的东西）） two swimming pools and a golf course. 2. I hope his appointment will __________（使简化）matters. 3. She wrote the book in __________（合作；协作）with one of her students. 4. The approach greatly improved the __________（产量）of the crop. 5. Good hygiene helps to __________（使减少到最低程度）the risk of infection. 6. The crops are regularly __________ （喷；喷洒）with pesticide. 7. The illness was __________（诊断）as cancer. 8. It had once been the home of a wealthy __________（贵族）. 9. The Normans __________（征服）England in 1066. 10. The path grew __________（陡的；陡峭的）as we climbed higher. 11. The fertile land is under __________（耕种；种植）. 12. The Oscar winner this year is a living __________（传奇人物）. 13. He sat there deep in __________（沉思；深思）. 14. But the __________（缺点）of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. 15. The island is hot and __________（潮湿的）in the summer. 16. Memories of the past filled her mind to the __________（排斥；排除在外）of all else. 17. That boy is being a real __________（讨厌的人）,running and screaming in the cinema． 18. You should take a __________（小口喝）and appreciate the flavor. 19. In these stories, we read about heroes growing into__________（成熟）from childhood. 20. Do you ever wonder why trees begin to __________（发芽）earlier in some cities? 考点二 单元短语填空 hit the target spring to mind give rise to build up thanks to a wide variety of take advantage of stand on the fence break down apart from weigh the pros and cons 1. His name doesn't ________________immediately. 2.If you're too trusting, other people will _____________you. 3. _____________two men on watch in the engine-room, everyone was asleep. 4. _________________recent research, effective treatments are available. 5.She can ______________every time at a distance of 50 metres. 7.She had been waiting for Simon to _____________the barrier between them 6.I need to ____________before making a decision. 8.The club provides_________________ activities including tennis, swimming and squash. 9.Low levels of choline in the body can _____________high blood-pressure 10.Agriculture and industry are the base on which to __________the nation. 考点三 单句语法填空 1. The feces（粪便）contain nitrogen which __________ (fertilizer) the soil. 2. They’re waiting for the doctor’s __________ (diagnose). 3. This is a __________ (simplify) version of the story for young children. 4. She’s had the car __________ (spray) blue. 5. We have __________ (collaboration) on many projects over the years. 6. Buses run every hour, Sundays __________ (exclusion). 7. The people of an oppressed country obey their __________ (conquer) because they want to go on living. 8. I have never __________ (contemplation) living abroad. 9. The path climbed __________ (steep) upwards. 10. Janie is very __________ (maturity) for her age. 11. The two options are not mutually __________ (exclusion). 12. The land around here has never been __________ (cultivation). 13. The team members were greeted like __________ (conquer) heroes. 14. Her patience and tact are __________ (legend). 15. Down on street level, summer really begins when even the thought of __________(sip) a hot cup of 考点四 强调句 1. 这是一次激动人心的经历，为我打开了一个充满创造力和自我表达的全新世界。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.这是一段充满挫折和决心的旅程。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 那一刻，我突然意识到，正是这段特殊的经历给了我十几岁的儿子一堂宝贵的课，让他明白了一个慈爱的父母的善意。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.令人惊讶的是，坐在长椅上的是玛丽，艾伦总是喜欢在悲伤和孤独的时候坐在那里。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 有时，正是我们随意的善举使我们的社会成为一个和谐的世界。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、单词拼写题 1. If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the Earth's g____________ pull. 2. Don’t get me wrong –it can be exhausting…but it is ____________(具有启发性的). 3. Our thanks are due in equal m____________ to every member of the team. 4. She never abandoned her attempts to plumb my i____________ emotions. 5. The quality of ____________(复制，录制) isn't very good on this recording. 6. You can't l____________ down hard and fast rules. 7. A warm welcome a____________ all our guests. 8. My profession had an important influence in the f____________ of my character. 9. This decision p____________ the way for changes in employment rights for women. 10. They use puppets to c____________ the imagination of younger audiences. 11. The idea ____________(逐步形成，逐步发展) from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 12. It is e____________ that the project will last four years. 13. S____________ had the game started when it began to rain. 14. We build space stations to ____________(促进，推动) our understanding of the universe. 15. Therefore, many countries have s____________ no effort in deep-sea exploration. 16. A researcher has now c____________ light on the mystery of why the animals die. 17. He said the launch of the party represented a ____________(里程碑) in Zambian history. 18. So powerful are some earthquakes that they are believed to ____________(改变，更改) the Earth’s mass. 19. He tried his best to d____________ Helen into conversations with his friends but failed. 20. A____________ out of the changing length of a day is the question how this might affect human beings. 21. Unfortunately, we can’t c____________ the Earth open like an egg. 22. The company's position with r____________ to overtime is made clear in their contracts. 二、语法填空题 Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese. So, how did tea 1. ________( origin) in China? And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their "cup of tea"? 2. _______ we know that tea drinking started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came 3. ______ tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. 4. _________ (follow) his discovery, tea was used as medicine, 5. ________ (include) in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen. 6. _________(event), it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people. Over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture, the love of tea inspired many people to write about it. The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language, "On the high place the setting sun does shine. In the spring breeze, I sip my tea, sweet and fine." Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea, which remains the earliest and most famous7. ________ (detail) study on tea in the world, covering everything anyone could possibly want to know about Chinese tea. It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world. When the Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born. Porters 8. ________ (carry) back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes in the most terrible weather conditions, to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses. Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa. Meanwhile, different sea routes also helped spread tea to other parts of the world. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when 9. ________ (return) to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea 10. ________(ship) to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders. The well-known writer Lin Yutang 11. _____(sum) up the power of tea when he said, "There is something in the nature of tea that leads us into a world of quiet 12. _________(contemplate) of life." Tea drinking is not just about refreshing the mind and body but also about appreciating the harmony between man and nature. When I first heard about the Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议), I thought about something simple and straightforward ----a fragrant cup of tea. For centuries, tea has brought ①_______(culture), communities, and people closer together. In the past centuries, tea ②_______ (connect) economies through trade and investment. The Belt and Road Initiative holds a similar promise, ③_______ is about improving regional integration and increasing trade. It is about awaking ancient trade routes and ④_______ (build) new ones. It is also about adding new economic flavors by creating infrastructure (基础建设) projects based on 21st century expertise and standards. Delivering on this promise is not an easy task, ⑤_______ doing so could bring great benefits. First, high-quality infrastructure could help stimulate potential global ⑥_______ (grow), and raise the incomes of millions of people. As the Chinese proverb ⑦_______ (go), “To become rich, one must first build roads.” A second benefit is greater inclusiveness(包容性). Think of ⑧_______ (improve) roads in rural areas that can boost productivity and access to health services. By sharing the benefits of investment and knowledge more broadly, improvement will be ⑨_______ (strong) and more inclusive. A third benefit is deeper economic cooperation. This would help boost global trade, investment, and financial cooperation, making ​⑩_______ easier to share the benefits of development more widely. All this is good for consumers, good for productivity, and good for poverty reduction. 三、翻译句子 1.他满脸大汗，可能在田间走动，仔细检查他的作物，然后决定需要做什么。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.现在技术的出现使农业变成了高度精准的行业。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.例如，如果发现土壤养分不足，农民不仅知道需要施肥，还可以计算出确切数量。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.当人工智能应用于农业机器时，它的确有助于提高作物产量，并简化作物跟踪、收割和加工。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.正是由于黄河在发展农业和建立文明方面的重要作用，它才被象征性地称为中国的母亲河。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.今天，随着河岸农业的继续发展和繁荣，这条河的确保持着重要的地位。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.事实是化学产品比有机产品起作用更快。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.人们普遍认为，化学产品是农民的重要工具。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.茶之美名终将名扬四海，自然是不足为奇的。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.早在唐代，有日本僧人来中国求学，回国时就带回茶籽和制茶工艺。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$