第01讲 选修第一册Unit1单词词组句型预习-【暑假自学课】2024年高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第01讲 选修第一册Unit1单词词组句型预习 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理（吃透教材） 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练（4大考点） 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1.掌握选修第一册第一单元的核心词汇和短语考点。 2.理解并运用本单元语法“倒装句”考点。 3.学会用所学习单词或者短语进行做题并且理解文章。 4.掌握本单元的语法，运用相关知识进行写作。 （一）单词、变形、词组搭配 probe n. (不载人)空间探测器；探究；探测仪 probe vt.&vi. 调查; 打探，探究 a space probe 宇宙探测器，太空探测器 a corruption probe对腐败行为的彻底调查 probe into 探究；详尽调查 formation n. 组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形 form v.（使）形成，（使）产生 n. 外形(貌)，形状; 表格 a rock formation 一块岩石的结构 take form 开始形成（发展） filter v. 过滤; 筛选 filter sth out 把某物过滤掉 evolve vi. & vt. 进化，演化；（使）逐渐形成，逐渐演变 evolvement n.发展,进化,演化,演变 evolution n.发展；演变；演化 evolve (from sth) (into sth) 从......进化成......... capture vt. 俘获，捕获；用武力夺取；夺得，赢得 capture sb's imagination / attention 引起某人的想象/吸引某人的注意 capture sb's heart 赢得某人的心 scarce adj. 缺乏的，稀少的 scarce resources 紧缺的资源 scarcely adv. 几乎不 句型：scarcely…when…= hardly…when… = no sooner…than…一….....就........ 【辨析】scarce, rare都可表示“不可多得的”。 scarce指暂时不可多得无珍贵的含意，有“物以稀为贵”之意；rare强调稀有、珍贵。 solely adv.唯一；单独地 sole adj. 仅有的；独有的 await vt. 将发生在，将降临到（某人头上）；等候，等待 await sb 等待某人 leap n.跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增 vt.&vi. 跳，跳跃；猛冲，突然做（某事）；骤增 过去式：leapt 过去分词：leapt leap at the opportunity急忙抓住机会 Look before you leap. 三思而后行 alter vt.&vi. （使）改变，更改；修改（衣服使更合身） alternative adj.可供选择的 n.可供替代的物 alter a dress改衣服 thrive vi. 茁壮成长，蓬勃发展 thriving adj.兴盛的，蓬勃的 thrive on sth. 乐意做〔别人觉得难做或不乐意做的事〕;〔在其他人看来不利的环境中〕成功 pave vt. 铺，铺砌，铺路，铺设，铺满 pave the way for… 为……铺平道路、创造条件=lay the foundation for… 为……奠定基础 be paved with sth 铺满了…………. .leap n. 跳跃，骤变，激增，剧增 vt. & vi. 跃过，跳过，跳，跳跃，飞腾，突然做某事 leap year 闰年 crack n. 窄缝，缝隙，裂痕，爆裂声 vi. & vt. 裂开，破裂，发出爆裂声，发出噼啪声，使破裂，使断裂，使裂开，使发出爆裂声 crack under sth 屈服于某事物 crack it 成功，达到目的 crack a smile 绽出微笑 thrive vi. 兴隆，兴旺，繁荣，蓬勃发展，茁壮成长 be thriving 正茁壮成长 optical adj. 光的，光学的，视力的，视觉的，有助于视力的 optical telescopes 光学望远镜 an optical illusion 视觉假象 enlightening adj. 让人受启发的 enlighten v.启发，启迪；开导 enlightenment n. 领悟; 开导 an enlightening lecture 启发性的演讲 （二）短语 1. advance our understanding of the universe提高我们对宇宙的认识 2. It is estimated that........据估计........... 3. Take a close look beneath the waves仔细地观察海底 4. in equal measure 在同等程度上 4. be fascinated by........对........着迷 5. sth remain to be explored 有待探索 6. pave the way for.......为......铺平道路 7. spare no effort in........不遗余力做....... 8. with regard to=with respect to 有关 9. To put it simply, .............简言之。。。 10. It is widely that........人们普遍认为............ 11. have a profound impact on...........对..............有深远的影响 12. obtain new sights into........获得对..........新的认识 13. capture one’s attention 抓住某人的注意力 14. in equal measure在同样程度上 15. scarce resources 稀有的资源 16. pave the way for…=lay the foundation for…为……铺平道路、创造条件 17. leap year闰年 18. spare no effort in sth 不遗余力地做某事 19. It is widely accepted that…人们普遍认为……. 20. cast/throw/shed light on… 使……较容易被理解 （三）语法—倒装句 一、完全倒装 （一）定义 指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 （二）用法 1. 介词短语（往往表示地点）放在句首时： Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food. In front of them stood a great castle, bathed in morning sunshine. On the bed lay a sick old man groaning. 2. 方位副词，如east/west, out/in, up/down, here/there, now/then, below/above, away, off,等放在句首时： Down jumped the murderer from the sixth floor. Here comes Mary= Look! Mary’s coming. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. There goes the bell= Look! The bell’s ringing. 3. 表语（常为形容词、分词、such）放在句首时： Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing music. Such is my friend, a clever and warm-hearted boy. Growing in the schoolyard are different kinds of flowers and grass. 注意：完全倒装需具备2个条件: (1) 主语必须是名词n.； (2) 谓语必须是不及物动词vi 或者系动词link verb。 (3）如果主语为人称代词，仍用 陈述句语序，如： Here you are. There it goes! Away it flew. Up it went. 二、部分倒装 （一）定义 指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 （二）用法 1. 否定词或否定短语放在句首（never, little, not, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor,…）也包括具有否定意义的词组 ( in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time…)。 Never have I seen a better film before. In no way can he pass the math exam this time. 2. No sooner…than…及Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…置句首时： 注意：前半句用过去完成时+倒装， 后半句用过去式，不倒装。 (1). He had hardly finished his exercises when the teacher came in.= Hardly had he finished his exercises when the teacher came in. . (2). He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.= No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain 3. Not until置句首时, （主句须倒装，until从句不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） (1) Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.= He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. (2) Mary didn’t leave until John arrived. = Not until John arrived did Mary leave . = It was not until John arrived that Mary left. (“not until…”放在强调句型中，前后都是陈述语序，不能用倒装) 4. So/Such…that…置句首, （“如此…”部分需倒装, 但that从句部分不倒装） So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.  Such a force of the explosion was it that all the windows were broken. 5. Only +状语（即：only+ adv /介词短语 /状从）置句首时，（主句倒装，only后状语不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you improve your ability. Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work again. 6. 置句首的Not only+ 分句+ but also+分句中，前倒后不倒。 Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship. 7. 省略if 的虚拟条件从句（had ,were, hould开头） Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should any one call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I you, I would accept his help. 8. adj./ adv./ v./ n. +as 引导的让步状语从句 (as相当于though, 但不能用although)，用正常语序（主语+谓语）。 Child as/though he is , he knows a lot about life. (名词前省略冠词) Hard as he works, he can’t pass the test. Try as he may, he will fail again. Smart as he is, he can’t figure out the problem. 用倒装句可以用在很多书信文章中，比如： 书信类型 开篇方式 申请信 Learning that you are looking for a volunteer of...,so anticipated（期待的）am I that I am writing to apply for the position. 邀请信 Since you are interested in...,so delighted am I that I am writing to invite you to participate in... 倡议书 In order to do..., so eager do I feel that I am now calling on you to take immediate actions. 建议信 Learning that you..., so pleased do I feel that I am writing to offer you some helpful advice. 除了用了开头，特色各异的倒装句形式为我们写作提供了丰富多彩的写作可能。 ①only+状语+部分倒装 （尤其方式状语）可以用于建议信二段。当我们表述完建议的行为动作后，往往后接这种做法的积极意义。常见的两句之间衔接手段有： If I were you, I would travel across China this summer vacation (前一句结句用逗号）which will help you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 该句运用的是非限定性定语从句的高级语法 （前一句结句用句号）it is by doing so that you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 这是上一讲用强调句衔接的一种手段。 （前一句结句用句号）only in this way can you you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 我们可以用今天一讲提到的only+方式状语+部分倒装的形式，将建议行为过渡到意义的陈述上。 ②by no means/on no account can we do...表达自己坚定的决心或对别人的告诫 （建议信） On no account can you make a sedentary（久坐的） lifestyle, which would will do great harm to your health. （倡议书） On no account can we turn a blind eye to the problem. Therefore, let’s take immediate actions to make a difference. ③ never+部分倒装结构 只要写出的句子是否定句，就可以运用该结构升级。 （通知最后一段）Anyone who is interested in Chinese culture should not miss the activity. 第一步（将否定词去掉，调换为never） Anyone who is interested in Chinese culture should never miss the activity. 第二步（将never提前至句子开头，并部分倒装） Never should anyone who is interested in Chinese culture miss the activity. 教材习题01 Light seldom reaches the thick forest floor. (改为倒装句) 解题方法 该句子属于具有否定词seldom位于句首的完全倒装句，需添加助动does，并将其置于主语之前。 【答案】Seldom does light reach the thick forest floor. 教材习题02 Most of the deserts in China lie in the north-west. (改为倒装句) 解题方法 介词短语（表示地点）的in the north-west放在句首时需要全部倒装。 【答案】In the north-west lie in most of the deserts in China. 考点一 单元重点词汇 1. Women are sometimes denied opportunities s_____ because of their gender. 2. The v_______ is not big enough to get the smoke out. 3. Air is a f_______ but not a liquid, while water is both a fluid and a liquid. 4. I shall a________ hearing from you. 5. The thief l____ the wall and ran away. 6. In spring, they s________ their cocoons. 7. The r_____ of crops keeps the soil healthy and fertile. 8. If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the earth’s g__________ pull. 9. Nothing his friends might say could a____ the fact that he had failed. 10. People still m____ for coal in this area. 11. A business cannot t_____ without good management. 12. The c____ of the bread is burnt. 13.Different brands (不同) in quality. 14. She had homemade ice cream for （甜点）. 15. It's a (结合体) of music, dance and writing. 16. Spaniards gobble a dozen grapes, each fruit representing a month that will be either sweet or (酸的). 17. The book appeals to readers of all ages and establishes a literary (纽带)between parents and children. 18. Dinner parties with friends are also culprits(问题的成因), as being in good (心情) gives you an appetite. 19.There is convincing evidence of a l between exposure to the sun and skin cancer. 20. Kathy picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the n boys and girls. 21. It will help relieve the pressure in preventing and controlling imported COVID-19 cases and also l the risk of outbreaks. 22. There was an (气氛) of mutual trust between them. 23. Pasta's basic ingredients are (面粉)and water, sometimes with the addition of eggs or oil. 24. There are two (版本) of the game, a long one and a short one. 25 .I (打赌) that he can pass the exam because he has reviewed all his notes. 26.The Eagles went home, angry and (愤愤不平的) because they did not win the tournament. 27. (烘烤) a cake and use frosting to write "Happy Birthday" on it. 28.Every morning, his mother （煮) an egg for him to provide enough nutrition for him. 29.The e need special care in winter, as they are sensitive to the sudden change of weather. 30. Chinese usually use animal or peanut oil to f food. 31.In the 1980s, the Internet was a distant (概念) for most of the world. 32.The book was written in a style (合适的) to the children. 33. The matches were (潮湿的) and he couldn't make them strike. 34. Rural areas are a major issue (极其重要的) to the overall situation that deserves the high attention of the whole Party. 35. Don't spoil your (胃口) by eating between meals. 36.One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a (精细的) operation, he quickly recovered his sight. 37.China has avoided an economic recession in 2020 and is in fact (估计) to see a growth of 2% this year. 38. My parents always wear (朴素的) clothes-they lead a simple life. 39. It is said that the bridge was built in the Ming D . 40. Don't put that glass so near the e of the table. 41.Jobs are becoming increasingly （短缺的). 42.Allied troops (俘虏；俘获) over 300 enemies. 43.Selection is based (仅；只；唯) on merit. 44.The helicopters hovered overhead in (队形；编队). 45.Her latest novel is eagerly (等待，期待). 46.He smokes cigarettes without (过滤器). 47.There will be a police (探究；详尽调查) into the financial affairs of the company. 48.Use a black pen on white paper to ensure good (复制；再版). 49.They'be been best (朋友；伙伴) since school. 50.The company has (逐步发展；逐步演变) into a major chemical manufacturer. 51.Our thanks are due in equal m to every member of the team. 【答案】 1.solely 2.vent 3.fluid 4.await 5.leaped 6.spin 7.rotation 8.gravitational 9.alter 10.mine/mined 11.thrive 12.crust 13.vary 14.desert 15.combination 16.sour 17.bond 18.mood 19.link 20.native 21.lower 22.atmosphere 23.flour 24.versions 25.bet 26.bitter 27.Bake 28.boils 29. elderly 30.fry 31.concept 32.appropriate 33.damp 34.essential 35.appetite 36.delicate 37.estimated 38.plain 39.Dynasty 40.edge 41.scarce 42.captured 43.solely 44.formation 45.awaited 46.filters 47.probe 48.reproduction 49.mates 50.evolved 51.measure 考点二 单元短语填空 do the trick; cry out for; depend on; lie in; make up for； out of this world; cheer up; come across; no wonder; throw oneself into; hand in; pick up; get bored with； let sth. loose; hit the spot; fall apart; appeal to; in particular 1. We have stored many masks in case we will them. 2. The problem how we can persuade him. 3. The boy is so reliable that you can trust and him. 4. I didn't know what it was that , but I was definitely feeling much better. 5. The driver began to speed up to the time he's lost in the traffic jam. 6.With the college entrance examination approaching, it's time that I hard work. 7..As you new words in the context, it is a very useful method for you to guess their meanings. 8. The professor demanded that all the essays should to him by Jan. 10th. 9. you're tired, you have been working for hours. 10.The bus driver carefully stopped the bus to the passengers. 11. Don't say anything more, or he may you. 12.The place is so pretty and relaxing that it's really ! 13. The baby at the sight of the toy bear. 14.Is there anything you would like for dinner? 15.Others under pressure, while a few people do well despite the pressure. 16. While walking the dog, you should take care not to . Otherwise, it may be dangerous for strangers. 17. After the football match, I drank a cup of cola and it really . 18. This kind of software for English study a lot of students who are weak in oral English. 【答案】 1-5 cry out for; lies in; depend on; did the trick; make up for; 6-10 threw myself into; come across; be handed in; No wonder; pick up; 11-15 get bored with; out of his world; cheered up; in particular; fall apart; 16-18 let it loose; hit the spot; appeals to 考点三 单句语法填空 1. The team performs well pressure. 2. The (vast) of space really boggles the mind. 3. The results of the survey made (fascinate) reading. 4. Lions rely stealth when hunting. 5. Exporting is necessary for our economic (survive). 6. You should avoid (mention) his divorce. 7. It was obvious that much of what they recorded was far the truth. 8. Police officers must be prepared for the (expect) . 9. A boutique and beauty salon are conveniently (locate) within the grounds. 10. Many dolphins can dive to (deep) of 200 meters. 11. There is, addition, one further point to make. 12. Researchers in this field have made many important (discover). 13. Their father was (incredible) good-looking. 14.She stood with her hands on the sink, (stare) out the window. 15. He didn't like the media (probe) into his past. 16. The camel's feet, well (adapt) for dry sand, are useless on mud. 17.This is a crucial period in the (evolve) of modern physics. 18.The plane circled, (await) permission to land. 19.Queues were already (formation) outside the theater. 20.My secretary is good at (filter) my calls. 21.Most reptiles (reproduction) by laying eggs on land. 22.He is the (solely) surviving member of the family. 23.They use puppets to capture the (imagine) of younger audiences. 24.The quality of the training has (vast) improved. 25.She had an (shake) faith in human goodness. 26.It's 20 degrees below (freeze) . 27.We must take (prevent) measures to reduce crime in the area. 28.In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely (continue). 29.They had children and were (consequent) tied to the school vacations. 30.There's enough here (feed) an army. 31.Her (curious) was aroused by the mysterious phone call.. 【答案】 1.under 2.vastness 3.fascinating 4.on 5.survival 6.mentioning 7.from 8.unexpected 9.located 10.depths 11.in 12.discoveries 13.incredibly 14.staring 15.probing 16.adapted 17.evolution 18.awaiting 19.forming 20.filtering 21.reproduce 22.sole 23.imagination 24.vastly 25.unshakeable 26.freezing 27.preventive 28.to continue 29.consequently 30.to feed 31.curiosity 考点四 虚拟语气 1. Life is hard at present. Hardly ______ by ______ some price or other going up. A. a day goes; with B. a day goes; without C. does any day go; with D. does any day go; without 2. — How much do you know about the 3D film technology? — A little. Not until ______ the hot movie Avatar ______ some about it. A. did I see; did I begin to learn B. I saw; I began to learn C. I saw; did I begin to learn D. did I see; I began to learn 3. _____________________________,we could forgive him for his mistakes！ A. Were he still a child B. If he is still a child C. Did he realize he is wrong D. He were still a child 4. On the river bank ____________where he once lived. A. stand a house B. a house stands C. does a house stand D. stands a house 5.ly when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home. A.she realized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize 6. No sooner_________________ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 7. _____________________________, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser. A. Hard a diamond is B. Hard as a diamond is C. As a diamond is hard D. How hard is a diamond 8. ________________that it was made into a film. A. So great the success of the book was B. So successful the book was C. So the book was successful D. So great was the success of the book 9._________________ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Were he leaving C. Were he to leave D. Had he left 10. Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 【答案】DCADD DBDCC 一、单词拼写题 1 .Some fish have both male and female organs to increase the chances of r . 2. Fish are so s at these depths that it can be difficult for them to find a mate. 3. Because of excessive human destruction, natural disasters, such as （地质的）events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud-rock flows are threatening our homes. 4.If we want to find exciting new life forms as well as unusual life （组成,构造）, the ocean is where we should also be looking. 5.They cannot rely （只，仅仅） on their eyesight to survive and have evolved fascinating survival characteristics. 6.Who knows what wonders still a us in the future. 7.Similarly, tidal records l down in ancient mouths also reveal different lengths of days and years of past. 8.Surely, a study of the inside of our planet would lead to exciting and （让人受启发的）discoveries. 9.Tom and Mike have been best (伙伴) since they moved to this city. 10.They drifted on the lake, fishing and catching  (虾) to get by.  【答案】 1.reproduction 2.scarce 3.geological 4.formation 5.solely 6.await 7.laid 8.enlighting 9.companies 10.shrimps 二、语法填空题 Whenever I feel unhappy, rice pudding cheers 1 (I) up. Rice pudding 2 ( illustrate) the unique power of "comfort food", which refers to any food 3________ makes us feel better or makes up for bad feelings by 4 (help) us recall what we love. Our comfort foods vary from person to person, depending 5 our own unique experiences shaping our lives. The feeling of 6 (happy )and sense of belonging are important for people who move away from their home country. It is hardest 7 (give) up the food that they grow up with. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our 8 (culture) roots, giving us the "taste of home" and 9 (relieve) feelings of homesickness. Comfort food is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup, 10 food for the soul. 【答案】 me; illustrates; that; helping; on/upon; happiness; to give; cultural; relieving; but Sichuan hot pots, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum are the 1 (tradition) Chinese foods. Sichuan hot pots are believed 2 (invent) in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River 3 (keep) warm during the cold and wet winters. Gradually, it ranges from simple delicious dishes by 4 （boil) vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water 5 multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes. Nanjing's most famous food export is salted duck, 6 is juicy and salty. 7 takes several days to prepare each Nanjing salted duck. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised it, 8 (say) it was without equal. In Guangzhou, morning tea is 9 essential part of the daily routine. Today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate 10 (customer) appetite with more than a thousand offerings, with each more delicate and delicious. 【答案】 traditional; to have been invented; to keep; boiling; to; which; It; saying; an; customers’ 三、单句语法填空 1. The decision was based on (emotional) rather than rational thought. 2. China is making every effort to ensure people's sense of happiness and (secure). 3. Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and ( relief) pressure. 4. Mother laid the baby down (gentle) on the bed. 5.The Dead Sea is so (salt) that it's hard for anything to live in it. 6. China will (enhancement) cooperation with countries and regions supporting the Belt and Road Initiative. 7. The new English teacher made a good ( impress) on the students. 8. Not only is the film strikingly beautiful, but it's extremely imaginative and (adore). 9. It is crucial (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19's impact on economic growth. 10. ( finish) this job in one day is impossible. 11 The next step is (make) sure that you know exactly what is required. 12. The flight was called off because of the (fog) weather. 13. It's high time that we placed great (emphasize) on the improvement of food safety. 14. His reaction to her visit is mixed; it is a (mix) of excitement and worry. 15. Central authorities should support Hainan's daring reforms and (innovate), pushing for new achievements in the construction of the port. 【答案】 1-5 emotion(s); security; relieve; gently; salty; 6-10 enhance; impression; adorable; to step; To finish; 11-15 to make; foggy; emphasis; mixture; innovation ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 选修第一册Unit1单词词组句型预习 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理（吃透教材） 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练（4大考点） 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1.掌握选修第一册第一单元的核心词汇和短语考点。 2.理解并运用本单元语法“倒装句”考点。 3.学会用所学习单词或者短语进行做题并且理解文章。 4.掌握本单元的语法，运用相关知识进行写作。 （一）单词、变形、词组搭配 probe n. (不载人)空间探测器；探究；探测仪 probe vt.&vi. 调查; 打探，探究 a space probe 宇宙探测器，太空探测器 a corruption probe对腐败行为的彻底调查 probe into 探究；详尽调查 formation n. 组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形 form v.（使）形成，（使）产生 n. 外形(貌)，形状; 表格 a rock formation 一块岩石的结构 take form 开始形成（发展） filter v. 过滤; 筛选 filter sth out 把某物过滤掉 evolve vi. & vt. 进化，演化；（使）逐渐形成，逐渐演变 evolvement n.发展,进化,演化,演变 evolution n.发展；演变；演化 evolve (from sth) (into sth) 从......进化成......... capture vt. 俘获，捕获；用武力夺取；夺得，赢得 capture sb's imagination / attention 引起某人的想象/吸引某人的注意 capture sb's heart 赢得某人的心 scarce adj. 缺乏的，稀少的 scarce resources 紧缺的资源 scarcely adv. 几乎不 句型：scarcely…when…= hardly…when… = no sooner…than…一….....就........ 【辨析】scarce, rare都可表示“不可多得的”。 scarce指暂时不可多得无珍贵的含意，有“物以稀为贵”之意；rare强调稀有、珍贵。 solely adv.唯一；单独地 sole adj. 仅有的；独有的 await vt. 将发生在，将降临到（某人头上）；等候，等待 await sb 等待某人 leap n.跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增 vt.&vi. 跳，跳跃；猛冲，突然做（某事）；骤增 过去式：leapt 过去分词：leapt leap at the opportunity急忙抓住机会 Look before you leap. 三思而后行 alter vt.&vi. （使）改变，更改；修改（衣服使更合身） alternative adj.可供选择的 n.可供替代的物 alter a dress改衣服 thrive vi. 茁壮成长，蓬勃发展 thriving adj.兴盛的，蓬勃的 thrive on sth. 乐意做〔别人觉得难做或不乐意做的事〕;〔在其他人看来不利的环境中〕成功 pave vt. 铺，铺砌，铺路，铺设，铺满 pave the way for… 为……铺平道路、创造条件=lay the foundation for… 为……奠定基础 be paved with sth 铺满了…………. .leap n. 跳跃，骤变，激增，剧增 vt. & vi. 跃过，跳过，跳，跳跃，飞腾，突然做某事 leap year 闰年 crack n. 窄缝，缝隙，裂痕，爆裂声 vi. & vt. 裂开，破裂，发出爆裂声，发出噼啪声，使破裂，使断裂，使裂开，使发出爆裂声 crack under sth 屈服于某事物 crack it 成功，达到目的 crack a smile 绽出微笑 thrive vi. 兴隆，兴旺，繁荣，蓬勃发展，茁壮成长 be thriving 正茁壮成长 optical adj. 光的，光学的，视力的，视觉的，有助于视力的 optical telescopes 光学望远镜 an optical illusion 视觉假象 enlightening adj. 让人受启发的 enlighten v.启发，启迪；开导 enlightenment n. 领悟; 开导 an enlightening lecture 启发性的演讲 （二）短语 1. advance our understanding of the universe提高我们对宇宙的认识 2. It is estimated that........据估计........... 3. Take a close look beneath the waves仔细地观察海底 4. in equal measure 在同等程度上 4. be fascinated by........对........着迷 5. sth remain to be explored 有待探索 6. pave the way for.......为......铺平道路 7. spare no effort in........不遗余力做....... 8. with regard to=with respect to 有关 9. To put it simply, .............简言之。。。 10. It is widely that........人们普遍认为............ 11. have a profound impact on...........对..............有深远的影响 12. obtain new sights into........获得对..........新的认识 13. capture one’s attention 抓住某人的注意力 14. in equal measure在同样程度上 15. scarce resources 稀有的资源 16. pave the way for…=lay the foundation for…为……铺平道路、创造条件 17. leap year闰年 18. spare no effort in sth 不遗余力地做某事 19. It is widely accepted that…人们普遍认为……. 20. cast/throw/shed light on… 使……较容易被理解 （三）语法—倒装句 一、完全倒装 （一）定义 指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 （二）用法 1. 介词短语（往往表示地点）放在句首时： Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food. In front of them stood a great castle, bathed in morning sunshine. On the bed lay a sick old man groaning. 2. 方位副词，如east/west, out/in, up/down, here/there, now/then, below/above, away, off,等放在句首时： Down jumped the murderer from the sixth floor. Here comes Mary= Look! Mary’s coming. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. There goes the bell= Look! The bell’s ringing. 3. 表语（常为形容词、分词、such）放在句首时： Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing music. Such is my friend, a clever and warm-hearted boy. Growing in the schoolyard are different kinds of flowers and grass. 注意：完全倒装需具备2个条件: (1) 主语必须是名词n.； (2) 谓语必须是不及物动词vi 或者系动词link verb。 (3）如果主语为人称代词，仍用 陈述句语序，如： Here you are. There it goes! Away it flew. Up it went. 二、部分倒装 （一）定义 指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 （二）用法 1. 否定词或否定短语放在句首（never, little, not, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor,…）也包括具有否定意义的词组 ( in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time…)。 Never have I seen a better film before. In no way can he pass the math exam this time. 2. No sooner…than…及Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…置句首时： 注意：前半句用过去完成时+倒装， 后半句用过去式，不倒装。 (1). He had hardly finished his exercises when the teacher came in.= Hardly had he finished his exercises when the teacher came in. . (2). He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.= No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain 3. Not until置句首时, （主句须倒装，until从句不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） (1) Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.= He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. (2) Mary didn’t leave until John arrived. = Not until John arrived did Mary leave . = It was not until John arrived that Mary left. (“not until…”放在强调句型中，前后都是陈述语序，不能用倒装) 4. So/Such…that…置句首, （“如此…”部分需倒装, 但that从句部分不倒装） So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.  Such a force of the explosion was it that all the windows were broken. 5. Only +状语（即：only+ adv /介词短语 /状从）置句首时，（主句倒装，only后状语不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you improve your ability. Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work again. 6. 置句首的Not only+ 分句+ but also+分句中，前倒后不倒。 Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship. 7. 省略if 的虚拟条件从句（had ,were, hould开头） Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should any one call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I you, I would accept his help. 8. adj./ adv./ v./ n. +as 引导的让步状语从句 (as相当于though, 但不能用although)，用正常语序（主语+谓语）。 Child as/though he is , he knows a lot about life. (名词前省略冠词) Hard as he works, he can’t pass the test. Try as he may, he will fail again. Smart as he is, he can’t figure out the problem. 用倒装句可以用在很多书信文章中，比如： 书信类型 开篇方式 申请信 Learning that you are looking for a volunteer of...,so anticipated（期待的）am I that I am writing to apply for the position. 邀请信 Since you are interested in...,so delighted am I that I am writing to invite you to participate in... 倡议书 In order to do..., so eager do I feel that I am now calling on you to take immediate actions. 建议信 Learning that you..., so pleased do I feel that I am writing to offer you some helpful advice. 除了用了开头，特色各异的倒装句形式为我们写作提供了丰富多彩的写作可能。 ①only+状语+部分倒装 （尤其方式状语）可以用于建议信二段。当我们表述完建议的行为动作后，往往后接这种做法的积极意义。常见的两句之间衔接手段有： If I were you, I would travel across China this summer vacation (前一句结句用逗号）which will help you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 该句运用的是非限定性定语从句的高级语法 （前一句结句用句号）it is by doing so that you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 这是上一讲用强调句衔接的一种手段。 （前一句结句用句号）only in this way can you you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 我们可以用今天一讲提到的only+方式状语+部分倒装的形式，将建议行为过渡到意义的陈述上。 ②by no means/on no account can we do...表达自己坚定的决心或对别人的告诫 （建议信） On no account can you make a sedentary（久坐的） lifestyle, which would will do great harm to your health. （倡议书） On no account can we turn a blind eye to the problem. Therefore, let’s take immediate actions to make a difference. ③ never+部分倒装结构 只要写出的句子是否定句，就可以运用该结构升级。 （通知最后一段）Anyone who is interested in Chinese culture should not miss the activity. 第一步（将否定词去掉，调换为never） Anyone who is interested in Chinese culture should never miss the activity. 第二步（将never提前至句子开头，并部分倒装） Never should anyone who is interested in Chinese culture miss the activity. 教材习题01 Light seldom reaches the thick forest floor. (改为倒装句) 解题方法 该句子属于具有否定词seldom位于句首的完全倒装句，需添加助动does，并将其置于主语之前。 【答案】 教材习题02 Most of the deserts in China lie in the north-west. (改为倒装句) 解题方法 介词短语（表示地点）的in the north-west放在句首时需要全部倒装。 【答案】 考点一 单元重点词汇 1. Women are sometimes denied opportunities s_____ because of their gender. 2. The v_______ is not big enough to get the smoke out. 3. Air is a f_______ but not a liquid, while water is both a fluid and a liquid. 4. I shall a________ hearing from you. 5. The thief l____ the wall and ran away. 6. In spring, they s________ their cocoons. 7. The r_____ of crops keeps the soil healthy and fertile. 8. If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the earth’s g__________ pull. 9. Nothing his friends might say could a____ the fact that he had failed. 10. People still m____ for coal in this area. 11. A business cannot t_____ without good management. 12. The c____ of the bread is burnt. 13.Different brands (不同) in quality. 14. She had homemade ice cream for （甜点）. 15. It's a (结合体) of music, dance and writing. 16. Spaniards gobble a dozen grapes, each fruit representing a month that will be either sweet or (酸的). 17. The book appeals to readers of all ages and establishes a literary (纽带)between parents and children. 18. Dinner parties with friends are also culprits(问题的成因), as being in good (心情) gives you an appetite. 19.There is convincing evidence of a l between exposure to the sun and skin cancer. 20. Kathy picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the n boys and girls. 21. It will help relieve the pressure in preventing and controlling imported COVID-19 cases and also l the risk of outbreaks. 22. There was an (气氛) of mutual trust between them. 23. Pasta's basic ingredients are (面粉)and water, sometimes with the addition of eggs or oil. 24. There are two (版本) of the game, a long one and a short one. 25 .I (打赌) that he can pass the exam because he has reviewed all his notes. 26.The Eagles went home, angry and (愤愤不平的) because they did not win the tournament. 27. (烘烤) a cake and use frosting to write "Happy Birthday" on it. 28.Every morning, his mother （煮) an egg for him to provide enough nutrition for him. 29.The e need special care in winter, as they are sensitive to the sudden change of weather. 30. Chinese usually use animal or peanut oil to f food. 31.In the 1980s, the Internet was a distant (概念) for most of the world. 32.The book was written in a style (合适的) to the children. 33. The matches were (潮湿的) and he couldn't make them strike. 34. Rural areas are a major issue (极其重要的) to the overall situation that deserves the high attention of the whole Party. 35. Don't spoil your (胃口) by eating between meals. 36.One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a (精细的) operation, he quickly recovered his sight. 37.China has avoided an economic recession in 2020 and is in fact (估计) to see a growth of 2% this year. 38. My parents always wear (朴素的) clothes-they lead a simple life. 39. It is said that the bridge was built in the Ming D . 40. Don't put that glass so near the e of the table. 41.Jobs are becoming increasingly （短缺的). 42.Allied troops (俘虏；俘获) over 300 enemies. 43.Selection is based (仅；只；唯) on merit. 44.The helicopters hovered overhead in (队形；编队). 45.Her latest novel is eagerly (等待，期待). 46.He smokes cigarettes without (过滤器). 47.There will be a police (探究；详尽调查) into the financial affairs of the company. 48.Use a black pen on white paper to ensure good (复制；再版). 49.They'be been best (朋友；伙伴) since school. 50.The company has (逐步发展；逐步演变) into a major chemical manufacturer. 51.Our thanks are due in equal m to every member of the team. 考点二 单元短语填空 do the trick; cry out for; depend on; lie in; make up for； out of this world; cheer up; come across; no wonder; throw oneself into; hand in; pick up; get bored with； let sth. loose; hit the spot; fall apart; appeal to; in particular 1. We have stored many masks in case we will them. 2. The problem how we can persuade him. 3. The boy is so reliable that you can trust and him. 4. I didn't know what it was that , but I was definitely feeling much better. 5. The driver began to speed up to the time he's lost in the traffic jam. 6.With the college entrance examination approaching, it's time that I hard work. 7..As you new words in the context, it is a very useful method for you to guess their meanings. 8. The professor demanded that all the essays should to him by Jan. 10th. 9. you're tired, you have been working for hours. 10.The bus driver carefully stopped the bus to the passengers. 11. Don't say anything more, or he may you. 12.The place is so pretty and relaxing that it's really ! 13. The baby at the sight of the toy bear. 14.Is there anything you would like for dinner? 15.Others under pressure, while a few people do well despite the pressure. 16. While walking the dog, you should take care not to . Otherwise, it may be dangerous for strangers. 17. After the football match, I drank a cup of cola and it really . 18. This kind of software for English study a lot of students who are weak in oral English. 考点三 单句语法填空 1. The team performs well pressure. 2. The (vast) of space really boggles the mind. 3. The results of the survey made (fascinate) reading. 4. Lions rely stealth when hunting. 5. Exporting is necessary for our economic (survive). 6. You should avoid (mention) his divorce. 7. It was obvious that much of what they recorded was far the truth. 8. Police officers must be prepared for the (expect) . 9. A boutique and beauty salon are conveniently (locate) within the grounds. 10. Many dolphins can dive to (deep) of 200 meters. 11. There is, addition, one further point to make. 12. Researchers in this field have made many important (discover). 13. Their father was (incredible) good-looking. 14.She stood with her hands on the sink, (stare) out the window. 15. He didn't like the media (probe) into his past. 16. The camel's feet, well (adapt) for dry sand, are useless on mud. 17.This is a crucial period in the (evolve) of modern physics. 18.The plane circled, (await) permission to land. 19.Queues were already (formation) outside the theater. 20.My secretary is good at (filter) my calls. 21.Most reptiles (reproduction) by laying eggs on land. 22.He is the (solely) surviving member of the family. 23.They use puppets to capture the (imagine) of younger audiences. 24.The quality of the training has (vast) improved. 25.She had an (shake) faith in human goodness. 26.It's 20 degrees below (freeze) . 27.We must take (prevent) measures to reduce crime in the area. 28.In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely (continue). 29.They had children and were (consequent) tied to the school vacations. 30.There's enough here (feed) an army. 31.Her (curious) was aroused by the mysterious phone call.. 考点四 虚拟语气 1. Life is hard at present. Hardly ______ by ______ some price or other going up. A. a day goes; with B. a day goes; without C. does any day go; with D. does any day go; without 2. — How much do you know about the 3D film technology? — A little. Not until ______ the hot movie Avatar ______ some about it. A. did I see; did I begin to learn B. I saw; I began to learn C. I saw; did I begin to learn D. did I see; I began to learn 3. _____________________________,we could forgive him for his mistakes！ A. Were he still a child B. If he is still a child C. Did he realize he is wrong D. He were still a child 4. On the river bank ____________where he once lived. A. stand a house B. a house stands C. does a house stand D. stands a house 5.ly when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home. A.she realized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize 6. No sooner_________________ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 7. _____________________________, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser. A. Hard a diamond is B. Hard as a diamond is C. As a diamond is hard D. How hard is a diamond 8. ________________that it was made into a film. A. So great the success of the book was B. So successful the book was C. So the book was successful D. So great was the success of the book 9._________________ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Were he leaving C. Were he to leave D. Had he left 10. Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 一、单词拼写题 1 .Some fish have both male and female organs to increase the chances of r . 2. Fish are so s at these depths that it can be difficult for them to find a mate. 3. Because of excessive human destruction, natural disasters, such as （地质的）events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud-rock flows are threatening our homes. 4.If we want to find exciting new life forms as well as unusual life （组成,构造）, the ocean is where we should also be looking. 5.They cannot rely （只，仅仅） on their eyesight to survive and have evolved fascinating survival characteristics. 6.Who knows what wonders still a us in the future. 7.Similarly, tidal records l down in ancient mouths also reveal different lengths of days and years of past. 8.Surely, a study of the inside of our planet would lead to exciting and （让人受启发的）discoveries. 9.Tom and Mike have been best (伙伴) since they moved to this city. 10.They drifted on the lake, fishing and catching  (虾) to get by.  二、语法填空题 Whenever I feel unhappy, rice pudding cheers 1 (I) up. Rice pudding 2 ( illustrate) the unique power of "comfort food", which refers to any food 3________ makes us feel better or makes up for bad feelings by 4 (help) us recall what we love. Our comfort foods vary from person to person, depending 5 our own unique experiences shaping our lives. The feeling of 6 (happy )and sense of belonging are important for people who move away from their home country. It is hardest 7 (give) up the food that they grow up with. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our 8 (culture) roots, giving us the "taste of home" and 9 (relieve) feelings of homesickness. Comfort food is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup, 10 food for the soul. Sichuan hot pots, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum are the 1 (tradition) Chinese foods. Sichuan hot pots are believed 2 (invent) in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River 3 (keep) warm during the cold and wet winters. Gradually, it ranges from simple delicious dishes by 4 （boil) vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water 5 multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes. Nanjing's most famous food export is salted duck, 6 is juicy and salty. 7 takes several days to prepare each Nanjing salted duck. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised it, 8 (say) it was without equal. In Guangzhou, morning tea is 9 essential part of the daily routine. Today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate 10 (customer) appetite with more than a thousand offerings, with each more delicate and delicious. 三、单句语法填空 1. The decision was based on (emotional) rather than rational thought. 2. China is making every effort to ensure people's sense of happiness and (secure). 3. Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and ( relief) pressure. 4. Mother laid the baby down (gentle) on the bed. 5.The Dead Sea is so (salt) that it's hard for anything to live in it. 6. China will (enhancement) cooperation with countries and regions supporting the Belt and Road Initiative. 7. The new English teacher made a good ( impress) on the students. 8. Not only is the film strikingly beautiful, but it's extremely imaginative and (adore). 9. It is crucial (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19's impact on economic growth. 10. ( finish) this job in one day is impossible. 11 The next step is (make) sure that you know exactly what is required. 12. The flight was called off because of the (fog) weather. 13. It's high time that we placed great (emphasize) on the improvement of food safety. 14. His reaction to her visit is mixed; it is a (mix) of excitement and worry. 15. Central authorities should support Hainan's daring reforms and (innovate), pushing for new achievements in the construction of the port. 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