Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Discovering Useful Structures 导学案-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一Unit3 语法 附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,它表示提问人对自己的看法没有把握,需要对方证实。 1.附加疑问句的组成 附加疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。 (1)肯定式陈述部分+否定式疑问部分 She was ill yesterday, wasn't she?她昨天病了,不是吗? 温馨提示：如果陈述部分出现否定前缀un-，in-，im-,dis-或后缀-less，该陈述部分当作肯定句处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。 Tom dislikes the book , doesn't he?汤姆不喜欢那本书，不是吗? (2)否定式陈述部分+肯定式疑问部分 He can't ride a bike, can he?他不会骑自行车,是吗?特别注意 温馨提示：陈述部分用no, nothing,nobody,never,few，seldom, hardly, rarely,little等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。 He can hardly write his name , can he?他几乎不会写他的名字,是吗? 2. 附加疑问句的回答 (1)当陈述句部分是肯定结构,附加疑问句部分用否定式提问时,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。 -He likes playing football, doesn't he?他喜欢踢足球,不是吗? -Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.是的,他喜欢。/不是,他不喜欢。 (2)当陈述句部分是否定结构,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答 yes 或no 与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes 要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 -His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she?他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗? -Yes, she did./No, she didn't.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。 3.主语的选择 陈述部分主语和附加问句主语在人称和数量上保持一致的几种情况: 陈述部分主语 附加问句主语 例 句 one(泛指人) one/he/you One can't be too careful, can one/he/you?一个人要再三小心, 对吗? this, that,非谓语形式 it That isn't correct, is it? 那不对,是吗? Seeing is believing, isn't it? 眼见为实,不是吗? these, those they These are your friends, aren't they? 这些是你的朋友, 不是吗? everything, anything, something, nothing it Nothing happened to him, did it? 他没出什么事，是吗? Everything seems all right now, doesn't it? 现在一切似乎都很好, 不是吗? everyone(body), anyone(body), someone(body), no one(nobody) he/they Nobody likes to be laughed at, does he/do they? 没有人喜欢被嘲笑， 是吗? there be there There's no help for it, is there? 没有办法了，是吗? 主语由 neither… nor…或both… and… 连接 根据实际逻辑意义而定 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都没错,是吗? Both you and he are doctors, aren't you? 你和他都是医生,不是吗? 4.谓语的选择 (1)陈述部分谓语为have/has/had ①表示“拥有”,附加问句谓语用have或do的相应形式均可。 They have a house in town, haven't they/don't they?他们在城里有房子,不是吗? ②不表示“拥有”,用 do的相应形式。 He has lunch at school, doesn't he?他在学校吃午饭,不是吗? (2)陈述部分谓语含有情态动词have/has/had to时,疑问部分用 do的相应形式。 We have to get there at eight , don't we?我们必须八点到那里,不是吗? (3)陈述部分谓语含有情态动词used to时,附加问句谓语用didnt或 usedn't. The old man used to smoke , didn't/usedn't he? 那个老人以前抽烟，不是吗? (4)陈述部分谓语含有must ①表示“必须”,附加问句谓语用mustnt或needn't。 I must answer the call , mustn't/needn't I?我必须接电话,不是吗? ②表示“推测”,陈述部分谓语为mustbe/do,附加问句谓语用be/do的一般现在时;陈述部分谓语为must have done,有确定的表示过去的时间状语,附加问句谓语用didn't;没有确定的表示过去的时间状语，附加问句谓语用haven't/hasn't 。 He must be a doctor, isn't he?他一定是个医生,不是吗? He must go to the library, doesn't he?他一定去图书馆了,不是吗? He must have finished it yesterday , didn't he?他昨天一定完成了,不是吗? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? 你一定学了三年英语,不是吗? (5)陈述部分谓语含有cant,表示“不可能”,附加问句谓语同must 表推测的用法。 He can't be a lawyer, is he?他不可能是律师,是吗? He can't have done the work yesterday, did he? 他昨天不可能完成这项工作,是吗? He can't have done the homework , has he?他不可能做完作业,是吗? (6)陈述部分谓语含有dare/need ①作情态动词,附加问句谓语分别用dare和 need。 We need not do it again, need we?我们不需要再做了,是吗? He dare not say so, dare he?他不敢这么说,是吗? ②作实义动词,附加问句谓语用do的相应形式。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?她不敢一个人回家,是吗? (7) 陈述部分谓语为wish,附加问句谓语为may。 I wish to go home , may I?我想回家,可以吗? (8) 陈述部分为“Tm...”结构时,附加问句谓语为aren't。 I'm fond of music, aren't I?我喜欢音乐,不是吗? 5. 特殊句式的附加疑问句 (1)并列句的附加疑问句的主语和谓语遵循就近原则。 We must study hard or we can't pass the exam, can we? 我们必须努力学习,否则我们不能通过考试,对吗? (2)宾语从句 ①主句主语是第一人称,且含有think，believe，suppose,guess, expect,imagine等,疑问部分的主语和动词形式和从句一致。 We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好,不是吗? I don't think he is bright , is he?我觉得他不聪明,是吗?(否定前移，疑问部分用 肯定) ②主句主语是第二、三人称,疑问部分的主语和动词形式跟主句一致。 oHe said that he would like to visit the Great Wall, didn't he?他说他想参观长城,不是吗? (3)祈使句 ①肯定祈使句,附加疑问句通常用will/won't you;否定祈使句,用will you。 Take a rest, will/won't you?休息一下,好吗? Don't open the door, will you?别开门,好吗? ②Let's引导的祈使句,附加疑问句用 shall we. Let's go to the park , shall we?我们去公园,好吗? ③Letus引导的祈使句,附加疑问句用will you. Let us have a look , will you?让我们看看,好吗? ④Let me引导的祈使句,附加疑问句用will you 或may I。 Let me have a rest, may I/will you?让我休息一下,好吗? (4) 感叹句附加疑问句的谓语用be动词的一般现在时的否定式。 What a lucky day, isn't it?多幸运的一天啊,不是吗? 闯关训练1 一、完成下列附加疑问句。 1. There's hardly any milk in the bottle,________? 2.He has never ridden a horse before,________? 3. He seldom came here,________? 4.He disagrees with his parents,________? 5. These tools are useless now ,________? 6.You've never visited the Great Wall,________? 闯关训练2 一、根据句意补全句子。 1.-You've never seen dinosaur eggs, have you? -________.How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World. 2.-They don't work hard, do they? - -________.They are the most hard- working students in our class. 闯关训练3 一、完成下列附加疑问句。 1.There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended,________? 2. No one failed in the last examination ,________? 3. Everything is ready ,________? 4. Everyone knows the answer,________? 5. Somebody phoned you while I was out,________? 6.Something has been done to stop pollution ,________? 7.This is very important for students,________? 8.Those are your books,________? 9. Collecting stamps is his hobby,________? 10.To become a great writer is his dream ,________? 11. Neither you nor he is good at maths,________? 闯关训练4 一、完成下列附加疑问句。 1.You must work hard next term,________? 2.You must have made a mistake,_________? 3.They must have seen the film last week,________? 4. He must be in the library ,________? 5.We need not go to school，________? 6.He doesn't dare to face the challenge，________? 7.They have no time to visit the museum，________? 8. You dare not do that ,________? 9. He used to get up at 6:30，________? 10.They need our help badly at the moment________? 11.I wish to visit America one day,________? 12. I am very interested in Mark Twain's novels,________? 13.You must be hungry ,________? 14.Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned,________? 15.The teacher had a talk with you,________? 16.He can't have cleaned the room,________? 17.He can't have cleaned the room last night,________? 闯关训练5 一、完成下列附加疑问句。 1.She says that I did it,________? 2. I guess she taught herself Japanese,________? 3.It's my son's wedding next week, and I have to do my best for that ,________? 4.Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now,________? 5. Let's have a basketball match this afternoon,________? 6.Let us go out for a rest ,________? 7. Don't forget to give Polly some food and change her water,_______? 8. Tell me how to operate the electronic computer,________? 9.What beautiful flowers,________? 闯关训练1 1.is there 陈述部分有否定词hardly,故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。 2. has he 陈述部分有否定词never,故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。 3. did he 陈述部分有否定词seldom,故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。 4. doesn't he 陈述部分的 disagrees带有否定前缀 dis-,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分仍用否定形式。 5. aren't they 陈述部分的 useless 带有否定后缀-less,该陈述部 分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分仍用否定形式。 6.have you 陈述部分有否定词never,故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。 闯关训练2 1.No,I haven't根据 How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.“我多么希望参观恐龙世界"可知我没有看过恐龙蛋,故应该用“No, I haven't."来回答,意为“是的,我没有看过”。 2.Yes.they do 根据They are the most hard-working students in our class.可知他们学习最努力,故应该用“Yes,they do."来回答,意为“不,他们很努力”。 闯关训练3 1. wasn't there 因为陈述部分是肯定形式，所以反意疑问部分用否定形式。陈述句为there be结构,附加疑问句中的主语也用 there。 2.did they/he 因为陈述句的主语是no one,附加疑问句中的主语用they或he。 3. isn't it陈述句的主语是everything,附加疑问句中的主语应用it。 4. don't they/doesn't he陈述句的主语是everyone,附加疑问句中的主语应用they或he。 5.didn't they/he陈述句的主语是somebody,附加疑问句中的主语应用 they或he。 6. hasn't it陈述句的主语是something,附加疑问句中的主语应用it。 7.isn't it 陈述句的主语是this,附加疑问句中的主语应用it。 8. aren't they陈述句的主语是those,附加疑问句中的主语应用they。 9.isn't it陈述句的主语是动名词短语Collecting stamps,附加疑问句中的主语应用it。 10.isn't it陈述句的主语是动词不定式短语To become a great writer,附加疑问句中的主语应用it。 11. are you陈述句的主语是由neither... nor... 连接的you 和 he,此处附加疑问句中的主语应用you。 闯关训练4 1. mustn't/needn't you陈述句的must表示“必须”，附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用mustn't或needn't. 2.haven't you 陈述句的 must表示“推测”,没有确切的表示过去的时间状语,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用haven'应用havent 。 3. didn't they 陈述句的must表示“推测”,有确切的表示过去的时间状语,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用 didn't 。 4. isn't he 陈述句的 must 表示“推测”,谓语为must be,故附加疑 问句中的谓语动词应用isn't 。 5. need we陈述句的need 是情态动词,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用need . 6. does he 陈述句的 dare 是实义动词,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用does。 7. do/have they陈述句的have 是“有”的意思,且陈述句中有否定词no,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用do或have。 8.dare you 陈述句的 dare是情态动词,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用dare。 9. didn't/usedn't he陈述句的谓语为used to,附加疑问句中的谓语动词可用 didn't或usedn't。 10.don't they陈述句的need是实义动词,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用 don’t。 11.mayl 陈述句的谓语是wish,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用may. 12.aren't l 陈述句是“Iam...”结构,附加疑问句中应用aren't I。 13. aren't you陈述句的must表示“推测”,谓语为must be,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用aren't。 14. didn't she陈述句的 have是实义动词,意思是“让;使”,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用didn't。 15. didn't he/she陈述句的 have 是实义动词,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用 didn't。 16. has he陈述句的 can't 表示“推测”,没有确切的表示过去的时间状语,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用has . 17. did he陈述句的 can't 表示“推测”,有确切的表示过去的时间状语 last night,故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用 did。 闯关训练5 1. doesn't she含有宾语从句的主句的主语是第三人称,附加疑问句的主谓跟主句的主谓一致。故用 doesn't she. 2. didn't she含有宾语从句的主句的主语是第一人称,句中含有 guess，附加疑问句的主谓跟宾语从句的主谓一致。故用 didn't she。 3. don't l 并列句的附加疑问句的主语和谓语采取就近原则,故用don't I。 4. shouldn't he并列句的附加疑问句的主语和谓语采取就近原则,故用shouldn't he。 5. shall we祈使句 Let's... 的附加疑问句用shall we. 6. will you祈使句Let us...的附加疑问句用will you. 7. will you否定祈使句的附加疑问句用will you. 8. will/won't you肯定祈使句的附加疑问句用will you或 won't you. 9. aren't they感叹句的附加疑问句用be动词的一般现在时的否定形式。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$