专题07：分词（初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题07：分词（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 1. 能够识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。 2. 理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中要求 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。 【初中考点聚焦】 语法功能： 现在分词作为形容词、名词或副词的用法。 过去分词作为形容词的用法，以及与be动词结合构成被动语态。 时态和语态： 现在分词用于表达正在进行的动作或状态。 过去分词用于表达完成的动作或状态，以及被动语态的构成。 句子成分： 现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作为定语、表语、状语等成分。 固定搭配： 掌握一些固定短语或搭配中分词的使用，如“see sb. doing”（看见某人正做某事）。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 高级语法结构： 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 时态和语态的高级应用： 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 非谓语动词的用法： 现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能和意义。 翻译与写作中的高级应用： 在翻译及写作中恰当地使用现在分词和过去分词来增加句子的复杂性和表达的丰富性。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished， they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent， nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixedon the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 1、 语法单句填空（注意分词用法） 1．China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million square kilometers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Listen! There must be someone (walk) through the jungle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (write) in simple but authentic English, the articles introduce me to Western society and culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. (frighten) (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The poor lady had her money (steal) on the bus when coming home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Most of the organisers are volunteers and much of the money (raise) from ticket sales goes to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．My father has my bike (repair). （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Today I’ve been photographing a crocodile (swim) close to our boat. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2、 翻译下列句子（使用分词） 1. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。（fill） 2. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。(break) 3. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。(with) 4. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。(except) 5. 任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责。(blame) 一、语法填空 1. It is common to find a woman ______ (take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time. 2. __________（neglect）for years, the house designed by an Italian architect finally collapsed. 3. New house prices in major Chinese cities are continuing to rise, ________(signal) a warming house market 4. The Swedish academy announced in Stockholm on October 11 that Mo Yan would receive the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature, ________（make） him the first Chinese national to win the award. 5. Little Tommy got _________ (punish)yesterday for breaking his neighbor’s windows on purpose. 6. Many people of non-Chinese background are enrolled in universities on courses _________ (design) for foreigners to learn Chinese. 7. With the great weight _________ (take) off her mind, she passed the test successfully. 8. Rescuers pulled out the last surviving miner _________ (trap) for 40 hours following a rock burst. 9. Carbon dioxide _________ (produce)from burning fuels is the most common of the “greenhouse gases”. 10. _______ (make) several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted. 二、完成句子 11．感动地潸然泪下，妈妈将双胞胎姐妹紧紧拥入怀中. , mom threw her arms around the twin sisters tightly. 12．那辆电动车从拐角突然出现，差点把我撞倒。 The electric bike appeared suddenly around the corner, nearly . 13．The house my grandfather was sold yesterday. 属于我爷爷的房子昨天被卖掉了。 14．几天前他在踢足球时摔断了一条腿。(have＋宾语＋宾补) He while playing football the other day. 15．这些孩子沉浸在游戏中，一点都不觉得饿。 their game, these children didn’t feel hungry at all 16．我认为怀特先生提到的那本书很值得一读。 I thought the book by Mr. White was well worth reading. 17．I (感到非常迷惑) about what to do in the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 18．You might as well have your car (定期检查) from then on. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 19．My uncle came to our New Year party, (装扮) as Donald Duck. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 20．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 三、阅读理解 【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期英语期中】 The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class. He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile — and he left with one too. “These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says. One day, I spotted Valencia on campus. He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student-loan papers in order. But he said he was still coming to campus to attend events or see friends. He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class. Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit. No problem, he said. Soon there he was again, back at his old desk, front and center, jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles — a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class. For an assignment on changing neighborhoods, Valencia wrote about a favorite local chain restaurant that was “unceremoniously closed.” He called it a theft of childhood. “It is almost as if someone has stolen that childhood and rudely replaced it with a slippery hill where everything they treasure will slide away,” he wrote. A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go. He had earned his associate of arts degree over the summer, then transferred to LA to start on his bachelor’s. There is something splendidly unreasonable about Valencia’s determination to get a four-year degree and then a master’s. At his current pace, he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper on the wall. But that doesn’t seem especially relevant. He’s found all the youthful energy and academic opportunity stimulating. Valencia’s grade in my class this semester will not show up on his transcripts (成绩单). But I’m giving him an A — and in the most important ways, it counts. 34. What made Valencia different from his classmates according to Para. 1? A. He was an early bird to attract other students’ attention. B. He took pride in his age, for he often wore a smile on his face. C. He was eager to draw his conclusion in the communications class. D. He may often share his wise and humorous ideas in the discussion. 35. According to the author, Valencia continued to attend classes because ________. A. he got enjoyment and treasured the chance of learning B. he needed the credits to further study a bachelor’s degree C. he desired to attend events and have an A on his transcripts D. he wanted to keep up with his classmates by learning hard 36. Which of the following best describes Valencia? A. Modest and independent. B. Energetic and generous. C. Considerate and intelligent. D. Enthusiastic and motivated. 37. The passage mainly tells us that ________. A. teachers like diligent and highly-motivated students B. efforts will be paid off as long as we are determined C. it is never too late to learn even though we start a little late D. getting an A counts when it comes to learning at a higher level 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07：分词（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 1. 能够识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。 2. 理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中要求 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。 【初中考点聚焦】 语法功能： 现在分词作为形容词、名词或副词的用法。 过去分词作为形容词的用法，以及与be动词结合构成被动语态。 时态和语态： 现在分词用于表达正在进行的动作或状态。 过去分词用于表达完成的动作或状态，以及被动语态的构成。 句子成分： 现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作为定语、表语、状语等成分。 固定搭配： 掌握一些固定短语或搭配中分词的使用，如“see sb. doing”（看见某人正做某事）。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 高级语法结构： 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 时态和语态的高级应用： 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 非谓语动词的用法： 现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能和意义。 翻译与写作中的高级应用： 在翻译及写作中恰当地使用现在分词和过去分词来增加句子的复杂性和表达的丰富性。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished， they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent， nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixedon the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 1、 语法单句填空（注意分词用法） 1．China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million square kilometers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】covering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是世界上最大的国家之一，占地960万平方公里。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且China与cover“覆盖”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填covering。 2．Listen! There must be someone (walk) through the jungle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：听！一定有人穿过丛林。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语someone与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填walking。 3． (write) in simple but authentic English, the articles introduce me to Western society and culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些文章用简单而地道的英语写的，向我介绍了西方社会和文化。本句谓语为introduce，此处为非谓语动词，且the articles与write“写”为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Written。 4． by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. (frighten) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Frightened 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个女孩被夜里的噪音吓坏了，不敢在房间里睡觉。此空为非谓语动词作状语，frighten与逻辑主语the girl之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式frightened，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Frightened。 5．The poor lady had her money (steal) on the bus when coming home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位可怜的女士在回家的公共汽车上被人偷了钱。steal(偷)作使役动词had后宾语her money的补足语，与其逻辑主语her money之间是被动关系，用过去分词stolen表被动。故填stolen。 6．Most of the organisers are volunteers and much of the money (raise) from ticket sales goes to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】raised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数组织者都是志愿者，大部分从门票销售中筹集的钱捐给了慈善机构。空白处在句子中作定语，因与其逻辑主语money之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词。故填raised。 7．My father has my bike (repair). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】repaired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父亲把我的自行车修好了。此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，repair和宾语my bike为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，构成动词短语have sth done“使某事/某物被做”。故填repaired。 8．They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】associated 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们将开会讨论与音乐有关的事情。固定短语“associate something with music”意为“把某些事情与音乐联系起来”，something和associate之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填associated。 9．Today I’ve been photographing a crocodile (swim) close to our boat. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】swimming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天我一直在拍摄一条靠近我们船的鳄鱼。此处swim与crocodile构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填swimming。 10．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家公园有很多野生动物，从老虎到大象。句子谓语动词是has，空格处需要非谓语动词，此处range与wildlife构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 2、 翻译下列句子（使用分词） 1. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。（fill） 2. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。(break) 3. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。(with) 4. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。(except) 5. 任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责。(blame) 参考答案： 1. Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 2. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 3. With the work done, they went out to play. 4. The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays 5. Anyone dealing with a complicated problem may be blamed for not fully understanding the challenge. 一、语法填空 1. It is common to find a woman ______ (take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time. 2. __________（neglect）for years, the house designed by an Italian architect finally collapsed. 3. New house prices in major Chinese cities are continuing to rise, ________(signal) a warming house market 4. The Swedish academy announced in Stockholm on October 11 that Mo Yan would receive the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature, ________（make） him the first Chinese national to win the award. 5. Little Tommy got _________ (punish)yesterday for breaking his neighbor’s windows on purpose. 6. Many people of non-Chinese background are enrolled in universities on courses _________ (design) for foreigners to learn Chinese. 7. With the great weight _________ (take) off her mind, she passed the test successfully. 8. Rescuers pulled out the last surviving miner _________ (trap) for 40 hours following a rock burst. 9. Carbon dioxide _________ (produce)from burning fuels is the most common of the “greenhouse gases”. 10. _______ (make) several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted. 答案： 1. taking 2. Having been neglected 3.signaling 4. making 5. punished 6.designed 7.taken 8.trapped 9.produced 10.Having made 二、完成句子 11．感动地潸然泪下，妈妈将双胞胎姐妹紧紧拥入怀中. , mom threw her arms around the twin sisters tightly. 【答案】 Moved to tears 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。对比中英文，可知空处为“感动地潸然泪下”，可以用非谓语形式作状语，“感动”用动词move表示，与句子主语mom之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语moved to tears。句首单词首字母大写，故填Moved；to；tears。 12．那辆电动车从拐角突然出现，差点把我撞倒。 The electric bike appeared suddenly around the corner, nearly . 【答案】knocking me down 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为动词短语knock me down“把我撞倒”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，knock和逻辑主语The electric bike为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填knocking me down。 13．The house my grandfather was sold yesterday. 属于我爷爷的房子昨天被卖掉了。 【答案】belonging to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“属于”belong to，句中已有谓语was sold，空处应为非谓语动词，belong to与逻辑主语The house之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填belonging to。 14．几天前他在踢足球时摔断了一条腿。(have＋宾语＋宾补) He while playing football the other day. 【答案】had his leg broken 【详解】考查时态和短语。此处为have＋宾语＋宾补，宾语为leg；表示“摔断”应用过去分词broken作宾补。描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填had his leg broken。 15．这些孩子沉浸在游戏中，一点都不觉得饿。 their game, these children didn’t feel hungry at all 【答案】 Absorbed in 【详解】考查过去分词。根据句意，表示“沉浸在……中”应为be absorbed in，分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作状语，absorbe与逻辑主语these children之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式absorbed in，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Absorbed in。 16．我认为怀特先生提到的那本书很值得一读。 I thought the book by Mr. White was well worth reading. 【答案】referred to 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语refer to“提到”。该动词短语需要非谓语动词的形式，作定语，修饰名词the book，两者之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填referred to。 17．I (感到非常迷惑) about what to do in the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】feel very confused 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我对未来做什么感到非常迷惑。分析句子可知，feel confused about是固定搭配意为“对于……感到迷惑”。结合其他汉语提示，谓语动词为feel，表语为confused，状语为very。故填feel very confused。 【点睛】 18．You might as well have your car (定期检查) from then on. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】checked regularly 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，你最好定期检查一下你的车。根据汉语提示可知短语为check regularly，且与car为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填checked regularly。 19．My uncle came to our New Year party, (装扮) as Donald Duck. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 dressed up 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我叔叔来参加我们的新年晚会，打扮成唐老鸭的样子。分析句子可知，came为谓语，空处为非谓语作状语，“装扮”翻译为dress up，此处uncle与dress为被动关系，用过去分词。故填①dressed②up。 20．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 taking advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：越来越多的人倾向于庆祝圣诞节，商家也趁此机会加以利用。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语take advantage of“利用”。该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语business之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填①taking②advantage③of。 三、阅读理解 【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期英语期中】 The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class. He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile — and he left with one too. “These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says. One day, I spotted Valencia on campus. He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student-loan papers in order. But he said he was still coming to campus to attend events or see friends. He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class. Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit. No problem, he said. Soon there he was again, back at his old desk, front and center, jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles — a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class. For an assignment on changing neighborhoods, Valencia wrote about a favorite local chain restaurant that was “unceremoniously closed.” He called it a theft of childhood. “It is almost as if someone has stolen that childhood and rudely replaced it with a slippery hill where everything they treasure will slide away,” he wrote. A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go. He had earned his associate of arts degree over the summer, then transferred to LA to start on his bachelor’s. There is something splendidly unreasonable about Valencia’s determination to get a four-year degree and then a master’s. At his current pace, he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper on the wall. But that doesn’t seem especially relevant. He’s found all the youthful energy and academic opportunity stimulating. Valencia’s grade in my class this semester will not show up on his transcripts (成绩单). But I’m giving him an A — and in the most important ways, it counts. 34. What made Valencia different from his classmates according to Para. 1? A. He was an early bird to attract other students’ attention. B. He took pride in his age, for he often wore a smile on his face. C. He was eager to draw his conclusion in the communications class. D. He may often share his wise and humorous ideas in the discussion. 35. According to the author, Valencia continued to attend classes because ________. A. he got enjoyment and treasured the chance of learning B. he needed the credits to further study a bachelor’s degree C. he desired to attend events and have an A on his transcripts D. he wanted to keep up with his classmates by learning hard 36. Which of the following best describes Valencia? A. Modest and independent. B. Energetic and generous. C. Considerate and intelligent. D. Enthusiastic and motivated. 37. The passage mainly tells us that ________. A. teachers like diligent and highly-motivated students B. efforts will be paid off as long as we are determined C. it is never too late to learn even though we start a little late D. getting an A counts when it comes to learning at a higher level 【答案】34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中的“He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. (他以他的幽默和经验智慧，热情地参加了课堂讨论)”可知，瓦伦西亚与他的同学的不同之处在于：在讨论中，他可能经常分享他的智慧和幽默的想法。故选D项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，瓦伦西亚继续上课是因为他得到了学习的乐趣，珍惜学习的机会。故选A项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. (他以他的幽默和经验智慧，热情地参加了课堂讨论)”可知，瓦伦西亚很热情；由倒数第二段中的“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，63岁交不起学费的瓦伦西亚，为了学习的乐趣仍继续上课，说明他很上进；他是一个热情、上进的人。故选D项。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。可得出这篇文章主要告诉我们“学习永远不嫌晚，即使我们起步有点晚”。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$