精品解析：北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中练习英语A卷

丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期中练习 高一英语(A卷)考试时间：90分钟 笔试(共三部分100分) 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained ___1___ around her classmates. Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for ___2___. Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___3___. Would you invite her to join us?” I said. Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was ___4___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically ___5___ her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly. Knowing this choice was ___6___ her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). I needed to ___7___ her cooperation. “Here, I’ll ___8___ you for your time.” She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off. I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with ___9___. A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck. “I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, _____10_____ radiating from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She’s my friend.” Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly. 1. A. satisfied B. surprised C. awkward D. ashamed 2. A. trust B. acceptance C. understanding D. respect 3. A. angry B. puzzled C. serious D. lonely 4. A. unwilling B. eager C. determined D. disappointed 5. A. studied B. selected C. supported D. examined 6. A. comforting B. warming C. paining D. protecting 7. A. consider B. permit C. check D. ensure 8. A. help B. pay C. prepare D. forgive 9. A. relief B. concern C. sorrow D. regret 10. A. excitement B. courage C. guilt D. impatience 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者请Brianna帮助新来的女孩Molly融入新的集体，并答应给Brianna班级的货币。Brianna与Molly聊天之后，成为了朋友，并内疚地把班级货币还给了作者。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然新学期已经开始了几个星期，但新来女孩Molly在同学面前仍然感到很尴尬。A. satisfied感到满意的；B. surprised感到惊奇的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据下文““Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___3___.”可知，新来的Molly感到很尴尬，故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎不知道该做什么或说什么，但我却看到她渴望被接纳的眼睛。A. trust信任；B. acceptance接受、接纳；C. understanding理解；D. respect尊敬。根据“Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say”可知，Molly刚到新的班级，认识新的同学，她不知道做什么和说什么，无法融入新的集体，故推知Molly渴望获得新同学的接纳和认可，故选B。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna，Molly一个人看起来很孤独。A. angry生气的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. serious严肃的；D. lonely孤独的。根据上文“Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone.”可知，Molly独自坐着，所以她应该是看起来孤独的，故选D。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna 叹了一口气。我看得出来，她不愿意做我要她做的事，但我也知道她是如此的善良。A. unwilling不愿意的；B. eager渴望的；C. determined决心的；D. disappointed感到失望的。根据上文“Brianna sighed.”可知，Brianna叹了一口气，说明Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特意选择了她来执行这项任务。A. studied学习；B. selected选择；C. supported支持；D. examined仔细检查。根据上文“I could tell that she was ___4___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind.”可知，Brianna很善良，所以我选择Brianna去邀请Molly，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道这个选择让她很痛苦，我把手伸进口袋，掏出一个D-buck——我们班的货币。A. comforting安慰；B. warming使温暖；C. paining使苦恼；D. protecting保护。根据上文“Brianna sighed.”可知，Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故推知我的请求使她感到苦恼，故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要确保她的合作。A. consider考虑；B. permit允许；C. check检查；D. ensure确保。根据“I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币。故推知我想确保Brianna能答应我的请求，与我合作。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：给你，我会为你的时间付D-buck的。A. help帮助；B. pay支付；C. prepare准备；D. forgive原谅。根据“I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币，花班级货币买她的时间。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们最后一起走回去时，我松了一口气。A. relief宽慰、解脱；B. concern关心；C. sorrow悲伤；D. regret后悔。根据“I watched closely as the girls talked.”及“When they finally walked back together”可知，Brianna答应了我的请求，陪Molly一起聊天然后一起走，一切都很顺利。故推知我不再担心Molly孤单一人，所以松了口气，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不应该保留这个。”她的目光落在脚上，内疚从她平静的声音中散发出来。A. excitement兴奋；B. courage勇气；C. guilt内疚；D. impatience不耐烦。根据“I shouldn’t keep this.”及“Her eyes fell to her feet”可知，Brianna认为自己不该为了要D-buck，才和Molly聊天，低下了头。通过动作描写可知，Brianna为自己的行为感到很内疚，故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____11_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____12_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____13_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being. 【答案】11. has been celebrated 12. getting 13. decides 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是国际博物馆日。 【11题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自1977年以来，国际博物馆理事会每年都会庆祝这一天，以提高人们对博物馆在社会发展中所起作用的认识。由Since 1977可知，句子时态用现在完成时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语this day是单数，因此空格处是has been celebrated，故填has been celebrated。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一天是让更多的年轻一代对博物馆的历史和文化感兴趣的好方法。fo是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填getting。 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每年，该组织都会决定一个新的主题。由Every year可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语organization是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填decides。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist. _____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____15_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____16_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare. 【答案】14. What 15. ignored 16. items 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的艺术之旅作者我成为了一名环保主义者。 【14题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：当我们从不同的角度思考时，我们认为浪费的东西可能是有用的。分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句。从句缺少宾语补足语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。 【15题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然在很大程度上被忽视，但被丢弃的材料为我们艺术家提供了大量的资源，让它们重获新生。Although引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同时，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句省略了they were，所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填ignored。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在我的手中，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和其他废物变成了一种可持续的艺术形式。other后常接复数名词。故填items。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____17_____(mental) travel across time and space. But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____18____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____19_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future. 【答案】17. mentally 18. To make 19. on 20. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是一种独特的人类体验。阅读时，我们应该尽可能地阅读纸质书。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：只要我们的眼睛掠过一些单词，我们就可以在精神上穿越时空。根据句意和所给形容词mental分析句子可知，空格处应该填入mental的副词形式mentally作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填mentally。 【18题详解】 考查不定式。句意：为了让阅读变得更容易、更有意义，你最好尽可能地阅读纸质书。根据句意和所给动词make分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式to make作目的状语。故填To make。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：这样做的一个原因是，与屏幕上的单词相比，我们的眼睛更不太可能跳过印刷的单词。根据句意和空格后的名词screen可知，空格处应该填入介词on和名词screen搭配，on screen（在屏幕上）。故填on。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，在实体页面上浏览内容有助于大脑对信息进行心理映射，这反过来又使其更容易在未来记住细节。根据句意分析句子可知，　　　　in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替前面句子的内容在从句中作主语，所以，应该用关系代词which。故填which。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Immersive Van Gogh From the creators of the blockbuster show in Paris seen by over two million visitors and still wowing crowds in Toronto, the west coast premiere (首场) of the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit will bring the art of Vincent to life in Los Angeles. Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art. True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic (偶像的) paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night. You will experience art like never before—lose yourself in entrancing, moving images that highlight brushstrokes, detail, and color—truly illuminating (照亮) the mind of the genius. LOCATION The Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit is located at a secret place situated in the heart of Los Angeles. To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public. TICKET PRICES VIP TICKETS—$99.99 ●Priority access ●Van Gogh cushion (a gift for you) ●Limited edition poster PREMIUM TICKETS—$59.99 ●Van Gogh cushion (rental) ●Limited edition poster BASIC TICKETS—$54.99 ●Admission only CHILD TICKETS—$29.99 ●Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket) ●Admission only ●Child tickets are not subject to change of date fees Tickets are available online at www.vangoghla.com. GIFT SHOP Stop by our Exhibit Gift Shop to take the magic of Van Gogh home with you! From clothing and jewelry to home décor, children’s books, and so much more, you will find unique and thoughtful souvenirs at the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit. Also be sure to check out at our online store! Experience the organic landscapes of Van Gogh’s imagination, and journey through his brilliance and madness in a completely new and unforgettable way. 21. According to the passage, the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit ________. A. presents Van Gogh’s art in a modern way B. begins a journey to Van Gogh’s hometown C. displays Van Gogh’s paintings on moving walls D. designs projects on Van Gogh’s learning experience 22. From where can people find information about the exact location of the exhibit? A. An email. B. A website. C. The ticket office. D. The gift shop. 23. How much should a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion at least pay for the visit? A. $109.98. B. $154.98. C. $159.98. D. $199.98. 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了这场沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式将在洛杉矶让梵高的艺术重现人间。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art.(沉浸式艺术不仅仅是在巨大空间中表现视频和音频的技术方法。沉浸式这个词表明了一种深刻的意图，通过将图像和声音连接起来，让观众能够体验到一种不同的艺术方式)”以及第三段“True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night.(正如它的名字一样，这次展览将文森特·梵高的标志性画作变成了移动的、充满墙壁的投影。Immersive Van Gogh承诺将使用50万立方英尺的投影，呈现出印象派最著名的作品，包括《卧室》《向日葵》，没错，还有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式艺术是一种将图像和声音连接起来的新型艺术形式。本次梵高绘画展演就是要通过沉浸式艺术展现。由此推知，本次展演将通过一种新的方式呈现。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public.(在展览开始前宣布，一旦公开，现有的门票持有者将收到一封附有地点和地点的电子邮件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的确切地点，只能通过电子邮件。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据题干“a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion (一对夫妇和一个5岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)”可知，一共有两个成人，一个五岁的小孩，并且想要梵高坐垫。再结合“Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket)”可知，五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。再根据题干中“own a Van Gogh cushion”可知，想要得到一份Van Gogh cushion必须其中一人购买VIP TICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买BASIC TICKETS(基本门票)，即需要$54.99。所以a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion (一对夫妇和一个5岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)至少需要$154.98。故选B。 B Nick Torrance, a junior in high school, suffers from muscular dystrophy, and attends school in a specialized wheelchair. The muscle disease prevents him from accomplishing many everyday tasks, such as carrying his books and putting things away in his locker. So he had a fellow student assigned to help him. But Amy Smith, the school’s occupational therapist, thought that being able to do something simple like opening his locker on his own would be empowering. Amy initially thought they would be able to buy a device to help. But searching online turned up nothing that could meet their needs—everything needed a keycode or some other physical action, things her disabled student couldn’t do. After the outside search for a method came up short, she looked within the school itself for an answer. Amy turned to the school’s robotics instructor. The instructor, in turn, suggested that two of his most capable students take on the project: Micah Stuhldreher and Wyatt Smrcka. They took first place in a national robotics competition, so they were a natural choice to tackle the locker door problem with a robotics solution. Micah and Wyatt wasted no time getting down to work and for an hour each school day, the boys brainstormed, built, and rebuilt various versions of the device until they landed on the perfect solution one year later. Like in any device development, it took a lot of trial and error for Micah and Wyatt to make something that would work for their target audience. For example, they initially built a locker-opening button, but Nick wasn’t strong enough to push it, so they replaced it with a sensor. Now, between classes Nick steers his electric wheelchair to his locker and waves his hand over a sensor on the arm of the wheelchair. A few seconds later, the locker door swings open. Another wave closes the door. Nick can make it with ease—it may be a small thing, but it gives him a sense of independence. 24. Why did Amy Smith want a device? A. To increase her student’s confidence. B. To encourage cooperation at school. C. To inspire a robotics invention. D. To help treat a muscle disease. 25. With a sensor in his wheelchair, Nick can ________. A. move around easily B. put his things away C. continue his schooling D. open and close his locker 26. According to the passage, which words can best describe Micah and Wyatt? A. Caring and passionate. B. Talented and ambitious. C. Sensitive and insightful. D. Humble and warmhearted. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了职业治疗师Amy Smith为了让患有肌肉萎缩症的学生Nick Torrance可以独立打开储物柜这样简单的事情，让Micah Stuhldreher和Wyatt Smrcka为他制作了一个传感器，让他可以在轮椅上开关储物柜。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But Amy Smith, the school’s occupational therapist, thought that being able to do something simple like opening his locker on his own would be empowering.(但该校的职业治疗师Amy Smith认为，能够自己打开储物柜这样简单的事情，会让自己变得更强大)”可推知，Amy Smith想要一个装置来增加她的学生的信心。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now, between classes Nick steers his electric wheelchair to his locker and waves his hand over a sensor on the arm of the wheelchair. A few seconds later, the locker door swings open. Another wave closes the door.(现在，在课间，Nick驾驶着他的电动轮椅到他的储物柜，并在轮椅手臂上的传感器上挥动他的手。几秒钟后，储物柜的门开了。再一挥关上了门)”可知，轮椅上安装了一个传感器，Nick可以打开和关闭他的储物柜。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The instructor, in turn, suggested that two of his most capable students take on the project: Micah Stuhldreher and Wyatt Smrcka. They took first place in a national robotics competition, so they were a natural choice to tackle the locker door problem with a robotics solution. Micah and Wyatt wasted no time getting down to work and for an hour each school day, the boys brainstormed, built, and rebuilt various versions of the device until they landed on the perfect solution one year later.(反过来，导师建议他的两个最有能力的学生来做这个项目：Micah Stuhldreher和Wyatt Smrcka。他们在一场全国机器人比赛中获得了第一名，所以他们是用机器人解决储物柜门问题的自然选择。迈卡和怀亚特没有浪费任何时间投入到工作中，他们每天都花一小时的时间进行头脑风暴，制作并重建了这个设备的各种版本，直到一年后他们找到了完美的解决方案)”可推知，Micah 和Wyatt投入时间、精力来给Nick制作传感器，说明他们对同学有爱心和热情。故选A。 C A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways. In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming. But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part. 27. What challenge is the author trying to tackle? A. People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B. Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C. Art appears too distant from common audience. D. Adult audience has a different understanding of art. 28. What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Tired. B. Worried. C. Annoyed. D. Surprised. 29. In the author’s opinion, the museums and galleries should ________. A. make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way. B. change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge. C. limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions. D. improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks. 30. We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________. A. lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history. B. prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media. C. feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board. D. refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. 【答案】27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.(我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有决定如何消除这一差距)”可知，作者努力解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太遥远了。故选C项。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“…think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.”可知，由于很多人认为参与对话需要基本水平的理解力，Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中，由此可推知，很多人感觉担心，参与艺术对话需要基本水平的理解能力，划线词“intimidated”意为“担心的”。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.”可知，Getty博物馆的再创作活动证明，如果艺术形式具有吸引力，观众就有潜在的兴趣参与艺术主题；结合最后一段首句“But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within.”可知，但如果博物馆和画廊不从内部进行有意义的改变，我们能做的就只有这么多了。由此可推知，在作者看来，博物馆和画廊应该作出有意义的改变，举办像Getty博物馆那样的再创作活动，才能吸引观众。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience”提到“我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节”；根据第二段中“It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics.(它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，可以就不同的话题进行对话)”及第三段中“the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.(Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中)”可知，普通观众缺乏理解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故选A项。 D When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics. Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.” Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details. 31. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places. 32. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar? A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. 33. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to________. A distinguishing different components of a signal B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. From Fire to Ice B. Glacier Whispers C. Nature is Warning D. Secret of Ice Avalanches 【答案】31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. （博伊西州立大学的地球物理学家Jeffrey Johnson说，之前的工作分析过雪崩的次声，但从未分析过冰的次声）”和第三段的“But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，从第二和第三段我们知道研究人员正试图利用次声探测冰崩。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.（研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩，这种方法精确但昂贵，而且只能监测一个特定的位置和邻近的雪崩路径。马尔凯蒂说，次声探测技术成本更低，可以探测到更广阔的区域附近的断裂事件，以及山脉上的多次雪崩）”可知，和雷达相比次声探测的优势是能接收更大范围内的信号。故选C。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。分析句子可知，句中this应指代上文出现的内容。根据第四段的“It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. （然而，苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家Malgorzata Chmiel说，在没有额外测量的情况下，将一个信号分解成它的组成部分(如交通噪音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震)是一项挑战）”推知，this指代“区分信号的成分”，即马尔凯蒂使用的模型是区分信号成分的初步近似（该模型能区分出信号的不同成分）。故选A。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.（但这些振动是计算冰崩临界特性的关键）”和第三段的“But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer.（但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者）”和“As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.（随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌）”可知，冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。故B项“冰川低语”可以作为本文标题，吸引读者。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Humans have long tried to conquer water. We’ve straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We’ve constructed levees (防洪堤) along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding—We’ve erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands. We’ve built dams on rivers to store water for later use. ____35____ But it’s not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies,author of Water Always Wins. Levees, which narrow channels causing water to flow higher and faster, nearly always break. Cities on former wetlands flood regularly—often disastrously. Dams starve downstream areas of sediment (沉积物) needed to protect coasts against rising seas. Straightened streams move faster than winding ones, giving water less time to flow downward. And they wash away riverbed ecosystems. In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others. ____36____ These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. Around Seattle’s Thornton Creek, for instance, reclaimed land now allows for regular flooding, which has renewed riverbed habitat and created an urban oasis. In California’s Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). ____37____ While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don’t require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru’s populous capital that’s periodically affected by water shortage. ____38____ “Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,” Gies writes, “in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.” Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that’s being worsened by climate change. ____39____ Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win. A. Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief. B. Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want? C. It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it. D. These old-style underwater concrete techniques pave the way for the construction of dams. E. To further understand the whole ecosystem, they believe effective water control requires effort. F. The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new. G. Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems. 【答案】35. C 36. B 37. G 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人类长期以来一直试图征服水，但是《水总是赢》一书的作者、环境记者埃里卡·吉斯认为：了解如何与水合作，而不是与水对抗，将有助于人类度过这个因气候变化而恶化的干旱和洪水时代。 【35题详解】 上文“We’ve straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We’ve constructed levees(防洪堤)along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding—We’ve erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands.We’ve built dams on rivers to store water for later use. (为了航运的目的，我们把曾经蜿蜒的河流拉直了。我们沿着河流和湖泊修建堤坝，保护人们免受洪水侵袭——我们在排水和填平的湿地上建起了整座城市。我们在河上筑坝蓄水以备后用。)”可知，人类为了自己的目的，采用了不同的方式来管控水，C项“It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it. (看来水是合作的，愿意向我们指引的方向流动。)”可推知，水貌似顺应了人类的要求，人类占了上风，C项承接上文，下文“But it’s not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies,author of Water Always Wins. (但《水总是赢》一书的作者、环境记者埃里卡·吉斯认为，事实并非如此。)”，C项与下文为转折关系，水总是能赢，下文引出话题。上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。 【36题详解】 上文“In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces ‘water detectives’—scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others. (除了列出所谓的治水所造成的破坏之外，吉斯还带读者踏上了一趟充满希望的全球之旅，寻找解决这些问题的办法。在此过程中，她介绍了‘水侦探’——科学家、工程师、城市规划师和其他许多人。)”可知，此处介绍了一群关注治水的人，B项“Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want? (他们不是试图控制水，而是问：水想要什么？)”，B项中的they指代上文中的 “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others，结合下文“These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. (些水侦探已经找到了一些方法，让这种光滑的物质有时间和空间在地下慢慢流动。)”可知，这些水侦探知道了水要什么，并找到了对策，上下文衔接连贯。故选B项。 【37题详解】 上文“In California’s Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). (在加州的中央山谷，科学家们想要找到一种方法，将未受污染的雨水转移到地下山谷，形成理想的含水层)”可知，通过雨水补给地下水形成理想的地下含水层，G项“Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems. (补给地下水反过来又会从地下维持河流，这有助于维持水位和生态系统。)”表明，充足的地下水能保证河流的水量，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。 【38题详解】 上文“While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don’t require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru’s populous capital that’s periodically affected by water shortage. (当一些人在探索管理水的新方法时，另一些人则依靠古老的知识。秘鲁的研究人员现在正在研究不需要水坝的老式蓄水方法，希望能确保水稳定地流向利马——秘鲁人口众多的首都，它经常受到水资源短缺的影响。)”可知，秘鲁的研究人员依靠古老的蓄水方式管理水，F项“The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new. (这项研究可能有助于说服那些喜欢以混凝土为中心的解决方案的人尝试一些新的东西。)”，此处The study指代上文中的秘鲁的水管理的研究，下文“‘Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,’ Gies writes, ‘in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.’ (‘决策者来自混凝土文化，’吉斯写道，‘水坝、管道和海水淡化工厂是标准的。’)”，下文中的Decision makers come from a culture of concrete与F项中的those who favor concrete-centric solutions相呼应，故选F项。 【39题详解】 上文“Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that’s being worsened by climate change. (了解如何与水合作，而不是与水对抗，将有助于人类度过这个因气候变化而恶化的干旱和洪水时代。)”为对上文的总结，A项“Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief. (吉斯令人信服地指出，控制水资源是一种错误的信念。)”是对上一句的进一步解释，下文“Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win. (相反，我们必须学会用水，因为水无疑会赢。)”，A项与下文为转折关系，说明了人类与水之间的正确关系，上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共12小题;共12分) 阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats. But Beethoven continued __________, his head buried in the score. (根据句意填空) 【答案】conducting 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当最后一个欢快的音符标志着交响乐的结束时，观众们站起来，鼓掌，欢呼，挥舞着帽子。但贝多芬继续指挥，沉浸在乐谱中。根据句意可知，空处填动名词conducting做continue的宾语。故填conducting。 41. Today, however, technological advances have led to a __________ of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. (根据句意填空) 【答案】combination 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，今天，技术的进步导致了艺术与技术的结合。因此，艺术界正在发生巨大的变化。 a combination of“结合”为固定短语，故填combination。 42. Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the __________ of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. (根据句意填空) 【答案】spread 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：直到1961年去世，梅一直在表演和鼓励京剧传播近60年。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义是“传播”，为spread，它在句子中为不可数名词，故填spread。 43. Reeve realized that his role in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman, and he soon gained a __________ for raising awareness for good causes. (根据句意填空) 【答案】reputation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：里夫意识到，他在这些电影中的角色让他有机会成为现实生活中的超人，他很快就因提高人们对公益事业的认识而名声大噪。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义是“名声”，为reputation，前面有不定冠词 a，故填reputation。 44. Through intense effort, Yuan Longping __________ enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (根据句意填空) 【答案】overcame 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：经过巨大的努力，1974年，袁隆平克服技术上的巨大困难，研制出了第一株杂交水稻。此处应填谓语动词，需要的词义是“克服”，为overcome，根据“in 1974”可知，动词overcome使用一般过去时，故填overcame。 45. Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his __________ to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. (根据句意填空) 【答案】devotion 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，坎宁安之所以伟大，是因为他对摄影的热爱，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。根据句意可知，空处填名词devotion做表语。故填devotion。 46. Reeve engaged in a wide range of exercise designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable ___________. Shortly after, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even starring in films. (根据句意填空) 【答案】progress 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：里夫进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著进展。不久之后，他通过导演、制作甚至主演电影，成功回归电影事业。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义是“进展”，为progress，它是不可数名词，故填progress。 47. Workers built shelters for survivors, whose home has been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to __________ again. (根据句意填空) 【答案】breathe 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。数十万人得到了帮助。水和食物被火车、卡车和飞机运到城里。慢慢地，这座城市又开始呼吸了。此处应填动词，需要的词义是“呼吸”，为breathe， begin to do：开始做某事，故填breathe。 48. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussy to keep his banjo. Hussy often played it to keep our __________ up. (根据句意填空) 【答案】spirits 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们不允许携带大部分私人物品，沙克尔顿扔掉了他所有的金子。但令我们惊讶的是，他允许胡茜留下他的班卓琴。她经常弹奏它让我们打起精神。根据句意可知，空处填名词spirits作宾语。故填spirits。 49. Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be _________ with economic needs. (根据句意填空) 【答案】balanced 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当然，仍然存在环境风险。然而，这些应该与经济需求相平衡。固定短语“be balanced with”意为“和……保持平衡”，符合句意的需要，故填balanced。 50. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in __________ not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength. (根据句意填空) 【答案】capturing 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：它的艺术家韩干以其捕捉这种动物的身体特征以及它内在的精神和力量的技巧而闻名。此处应填动词，需要的词义是“捕捉”，为capture，介词后接动名词作宾语。故填capturing。 51. Climate scientists have warned that if we don’t take appropriate actions, this warming __________ will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. (根据句意填空) 【答案】trend 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去，我们将付出更高的代价。this后接单数名词，表示“趋势”，用trend做主语。故填trend。 第二节(20分) 52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语学习公众号现征集以“我心目中的榜样”为主题的稿件，请你用英文撰写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1. 介绍你心目中的榜样； 2. 说明原因。 注意：1词数100左右； 2.标题已给出。 My role model ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Role Model Everyone has a role model. My role model is my friend Tom. He is very helpful and hard-working. At school, he studies so hard that he often gets good scores in exams. However, I don’t do well in studying. He often tells me never to give up. He not only helps me with every subject but also tells me how to study in order to catch up others. With Tom’s help, I made great progress and I thank him very much. I think I’m lucky to have such a good friend. From now on, I will do my best to study better and better. And I hope I will learn from Tom to help others in trouble and show the act of kindness to others. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“My role model”为题用英语写一篇短文向校英语学习公众号投稿，根据要求写一篇短文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 然而：however→nevertheless 擅长：do well in→be good at 为了做某事：in order to do→so as to do 幸运的：lucky→fortunate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My role model is my friend Tom. He is very helpful and hard-working. 拓展句：My role model is my friend Tom, who is very helpful and hard-working. 【点睛】【高分句型1】At school, he studies so hard that he often gets good scores in exams. (运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句) 【高分句型2】And I hope I will learn from Tom to help others in trouble and show the act of kindness to others. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了hope后面的that) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期中练习 高一英语(A卷)考试时间：90分钟 笔试(共三部分100分) 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained ___1___ around her classmates. Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for ___2___. Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___3___. Would you invite her to join us?” I said. Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was ___4___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically ___5___ her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly. Knowing this choice was ___6___ her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). I needed to ___7___ her cooperation. “Here, I’ll ___8___ you for your time.” She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off. I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with ___9___. A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck. “I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, _____10_____ radiating from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She’s my friend.” Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly. 1. A. satisfied B. surprised C. awkward D. ashamed 2. A. trust B. acceptance C. understanding D. respect 3. A. angry B. puzzled C. serious D. lonely 4. A. unwilling B. eager C. determined D. disappointed 5. A. studied B. selected C. supported D. examined 6. A. comforting B. warming C. paining D. protecting 7 A. consider B. permit C. check D. ensure 8 A. help B. pay C. prepare D. forgive 9. A. relief B. concern C. sorrow D. regret 10. A. excitement B. courage C. guilt D. impatience 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____11_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____12_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____13_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist. _____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____15_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____16_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____17_____(mental) travel across time and space. But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____18____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____19_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Immersive Van Gogh From the creators of the blockbuster show in Paris seen by over two million visitors and still wowing crowds in Toronto, the west coast premiere (首场) of the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit will bring the art of Vincent to life in Los Angeles. Immersive art is not just a technical way to represent video and audio in huge spaces. The word immersive indicates a deep commitment of intentions which connect images and sounds in a way that the audience is able to experience a different way of the art. True to its name, this exhibition transforms the iconic (偶像的) paintings of Vincent van Gogh into moving, wall-filling projections. “Immersive Van Gogh” promises half-a-million cubic feet of projections that pull from some of the post-impressionist’s most recognizable pieces, including The Bedroom, Sunflowers and, yes, The Starry Night. You will experience art like never before—lose yourself in entrancing, moving images that highlight brushstrokes, detail, and color—truly illuminating (照亮) the mind of the genius. LOCATION The Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit is located at a secret place situated in the heart of Los Angeles. To be announced before the exhibit opens, existing ticket holders will receive an email with the place name and location once it is made public. TICKET PRICES VIP TICKETS—$99.99 ●Priority access ●Van Gogh cushion (a gift for you) ●Limited edition poster PREMIUM TICKETS—$59.99 ●Van Gogh cushion (rental) ●Limited edition poster BASIC TICKETS—$54.99 ●Admission only CHILD TICKETS—$29.99 ●Ages 6—16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket) ●Admission only ●Child tickets are not subject to change of date fees Tickets are available online at www.vangoghla.com. GIFT SHOP Stop by our Exhibit Gift Shop to take the magic of Van Gogh home with you! From clothing and jewelry to home décor, children’s books, and so much more, you will find unique and thoughtful souvenirs at the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit. Also be sure to check out at our online store! Experience the organic landscapes of Van Gogh’s imagination, and journey through his brilliance and madness in a completely new and unforgettable way. 21. According to the passage, the Immersive Van Gogh Exhibit ________. A. presents Van Gogh’s art in a modern way B. begins a journey to Van Gogh’s hometown C. displays Van Gogh’s paintings on moving walls D designs projects on Van Gogh’s learning experience 22. From where can people find information about the exact location of the exhibit? A. An email. B. A website. C. The ticket office. D. The gift shop. 23. How much should a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion at least pay for the visit? A. $109.98. B. $154.98. C. $159.98. D. $199.98. B Nick Torrance, a junior in high school, suffers from muscular dystrophy, and attends school in a specialized wheelchair. The muscle disease prevents him from accomplishing many everyday tasks, such as carrying his books and putting things away in his locker. So he had a fellow student assigned to help him. But Amy Smith, the school’s occupational therapist, thought that being able to do something simple like opening his locker on his own would be empowering. Amy initially thought they would be able to buy a device to help. But searching online turned up nothing that could meet their needs—everything needed a keycode or some other physical action, things her disabled student couldn’t do. After the outside search for a method came up short, she looked within the school itself for an answer. Amy turned to the school’s robotics instructor. The instructor, in turn, suggested that two of his most capable students take on the project: Micah Stuhldreher and Wyatt Smrcka. They took first place in a national robotics competition, so they were a natural choice to tackle the locker door problem with a robotics solution. Micah and Wyatt wasted no time getting down to work and for an hour each school day, the boys brainstormed, built, and rebuilt various versions of the device until they landed on the perfect solution one year later. Like in any device development, it took a lot of trial and error for Micah and Wyatt to make something that would work for their target audience. For example, they initially built a locker-opening button, but Nick wasn’t strong enough to push it, so they replaced it with a sensor. Now, between classes Nick steers his electric wheelchair to his locker and waves his hand over a sensor on the arm of the wheelchair. A few seconds later, the locker door swings open. Another wave closes the door. Nick can make it with ease—it may be a small thing, but it gives him a sense of independence. 24. Why did Amy Smith want a device? A. To increase her student’s confidence. B. To encourage cooperation at school. C. To inspire a robotics invention. D. To help treat a muscle disease. 25. With a sensor in his wheelchair, Nick can ________. A. move around easily B. put his things away C. continue his schooling D. open and close his locker 26. According to the passage, which words can best describe Micah and Wyatt? A. Caring and passionate. B. Talented and ambitious. C. Sensitive and insightful. D. Humble and warmhearted. C A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways. In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming. But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part. 27. What challenge is the author trying to tackle? A. People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B. Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C. Art appears too distant from common audience. D. Adult audience has a different understanding of art. 28. What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Tired. B. Worried. C. Annoyed. D. Surprised. 29. In the author’s opinion the museums and galleries should ________. A. make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way. B. change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge. C. limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions. D. improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks. 30. We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________. A. lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history. B. prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media. C. feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board. D. refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. D When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics. Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.” Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound. Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details. 31. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places. 32. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar? A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. 33. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to________. A. distinguishing different components of a signal B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. From Fire to Ice B. Glacier Whispers C. Nature is Warning D. Secret of Ice Avalanches 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Humans have long tried to conquer water. We’ve straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We’ve constructed levees (防洪堤) along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding—We’ve erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands. We’ve built dams on rivers to store water for later use. ____35____ But it’s not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies,author of Water Always Wins. Levees, which narrow channels causing water to flow higher and faster, nearly always break. Cities on former wetlands flood regularly—often disastrously. Dams starve downstream areas of sediment (沉积物) needed to protect coasts against rising seas. Straightened streams move faster than winding ones, giving water less time to flow downward. And they wash away riverbed ecosystems. In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others. ____36____ These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. Around Seattle’s Thornton Creek, for instance, reclaimed land now allows for regular flooding, which has renewed riverbed habitat and created an urban oasis. In California’s Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). ____37____ While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don’t require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru’s populous capital that’s periodically affected by water shortage. ____38____ “Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,” Gies writes, “in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.” Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that’s being worsened by climate change. ____39____ Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win. A. Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief. B. Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want? C. It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it. D. These old-style underwater concrete techniques pave the way for the construction of dams. E. To further understand the whole ecosystem, they believe effective water control requires effort. F. The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new. G. Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共12小题;共12分) 阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 40. As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats. But Beethoven continued __________, his head buried in the score. (根据句意填空) 41. Today, however, technological advances have led to a __________ of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. (根据句意填空) 42. Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the __________ of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. (根据句意填空) 43. Reeve realized that his role in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman, and he soon gained a __________ for raising awareness for good causes. (根据句意填空) 44. Through intense effort, Yuan Longping __________ enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (根据句意填空) 45. Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his __________ to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. (根据句意填空) 46. Reeve engaged in a wide range of exercise designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable ___________. Shortly after, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even starring in films. (根据句意填空) 47. Workers built shelters for survivors, whose home has been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to __________ again. (根据句意填空) 48. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussy to keep his banjo. Hussy often played it to keep our __________ up. (根据句意填空) 49. Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be _________ with economic needs. (根据句意填空) 50. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in __________ not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength. (根据句意填空) 51. Climate scientists have warned that if we don’t take appropriate actions, this warming __________ will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. (根据句意填空) 第二节(20分) 52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语学习公众号现征集以“我心目中的榜样”为主题的稿件，请你用英文撰写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1. 介绍你心目中的榜样； 2. 说明原因。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.标题已给出 My role model ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$