精品解析：2024届天津市河西区高三下学期二模英语试题

河西区 2023-2024学年度第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查 （二） 英语试卷 本试卷由第Ⅰ卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）组成，共130分，考试用时 100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. ——Shall we go to Shanghai for the summer holiday? —______. It’s a beautiful city. A. Sounds great B. Well done C. Never mind D. You are welcome 2. Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________ learned by yourself. A. one B. that C. those D. this 3. Peking University has the ______ of being one of the most famous universities in the world, so it attracts a large number of excellent students every year. A. distinction B. admission C. impression D. ambition 4. From what she has done we can predict that she is ________ enough to make her own decision and behave in a proper way. A. positive B. severe C. mature D. admirable 5. With the word PM 2.5 ________ appearing in media reports, people pay greater attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days. A. immediately B. consequently C. permanently D. constantly 6. 2018·江苏】Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed 7. Jenny, who has never failed to ______ her parents’ expectations, decides to study abroad after graduating from college. A. look up to B. come up with C. live up to D. put up with 8. I______ before I came to the new company, for my colleagues here are very friendly and helpful to me. A. couldn’t worry B. couldn’t have worried C. needn’t worry D. needn’t have worried 9. I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work before lunch． A. to do B. done C. doing D. being done 10. —Did you watch the play on CCTV-1 last night? It was really good. —No, I didn’t. ? — “Tea House.” A. What was it B. What’s on C. What was it about D. How about it 11. John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A. where B. why C. that D. which 12. I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A. am expecting B. would expect C. have expected D. had expected 13. Most students attend a university mainly to ______ the knowledge needed for their chosen profession. A. acquire B. desire C. inquire D. require 14. ________ in the traffic jam, I usually set out at 7:00 in the morning from home by car. A. To avoid to be caught B. To avoid being caught. C. Avoiding being caught D. Avoiding to be caught 15. Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A. that B. when C. how D. what 第二节：完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分 30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Fifteen-year-old Michael Platt is the owner of Michaels Desserts. Born with an incredible love for ____16____, he became interested in baking when he was nine years old.____17____, Michael was learning about income inequality and childhood hunger from his parents. He felt inspired to ___18___ those injustices. Since he was diagnosed ____19____ severe epilepsy(癫痫)at the age of 10, Michael has been homeschooled by his mother. With his activities limited by his ____20____ condition, Michael threw himself into baking. His parents once bought him a pair of TOMS shoes, ____21____ business model gave him a(n) ____22____. For every pair sold, TOMS gives another pair to a ____23____ individual. Supported by his parents, he ____24____ Michaels Desserts. When a dessert is sold, he donates another to someone _____25_____ homelessness or hunger. Michael sells about 170 treats a month. There are various _____26_____, and the most important item on the menu is the “Freedom Fighter” cupcakes created in honor of historical _____27_____ like Martin Luther King. Stephanie Gerstenblith, one of his _____28_____, says that Michael’s cupcakes are not only delicious, but also have inspired her to “_____29_____everyone with sweetness”. _____30_____running his bakery, Michael hosts bake _____31_____ for the non-profit No Kid Hungry. Jessical Bomberg, a leader of fund-raising for the campaign, says, “Young heroes like Michael prove that everyone can _____32_____ in society.” It is Michael’s _____33_____ that everyone should undertake the responsibility to take care of others. “When I see people starving, I want to _____34_____ them something,” he says. “It’s my way of telling them that they haven't been ____35____.” 16. A. shoes B. study. C. sweets D. medicine 17. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. However D. Especially 18. A. report B. blame C. abandon D. fight 19. A. of B. by C. with D. at 20. A. health B. educational C. mental D. economic 21. A. which B. whose C. that D. who 22. A. inspiration B. imagination C. courage D. challenge 23. A. weak B. depressed C. greedy D. needy 24. A. invented B. founded C. discovered D. organized 25. A. avoiding B. escaping C. facing D. hating 26. A. prices B. brands C. shapes D. flavors 27. A. figures B. sites C. stories D. records 28. A. friends B. customers C. relatives D. colleagues 29. A. agree B. compare C. provide D. argue 30. A. Apart from B. Regardless of C. But for D. Owing to 31. A. competitions B. exhibitions C. parties D. sales 32. A. make a difference B. make a living C. make a fortune D. make a donation 33. A. decision B. faith C. desire D. plan 34. A. return B. tell C. give D. refuse 35. A. misunderstood B. doubted C. controlled D. forgotten 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A medical emergency can happen anywhere at any time. Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response. But before an ambulance can get to the scene, the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who is injured seriously makes a difference between life and death. Life Saver Team has been providing CPR (心肺复苏术) and first aid training since 2009. Here are a few of their most popular courses: CPR AED It is a classroom, video-based, instructor-led course that teaches the basic techniques of CPR and the use of an AED (自动体外除颤器), as well as how to relieve choking. This course teaches skills with research-proven techniques. ●Course length: 2 hours ●Initial course: $50 (Sign up for a first aid course for an additional $30) Upon completion of this course, students will receive an American Heart Association Heartsaver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years. Basic Life Support This is a classroom course designed to provide a wide variety of healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies, provide CPR, use an AED, and relieve choking in a timely and effective manner. ●Course length: 4 hours ●Initial course: $60 (Sign up for a first aid course for an additional $30) The American Heart Association BLS for Healthcare Provider Course Completion Card is valid for two years. First Aid It is a classroom, video-based, instructor-led course that teaches students critical skills to manage an emergency in the first few minutes until emergency medical services arrive. Students learn skills such as how to treat bleeding, broken bones and other first aid emergencies. Course length: 2 hours Initial course: $45 Upon completion of this course, students will receive an American Heart Association Heartsaver First Aid Course Completion Card that is valid for two years. 36. What should be often done first in a medical emergency? A. Calling for help at once. B. Providing immediate first aid. C. Taking the injured to the hospital. D. Leaving the scene as soon as possible. 37. How much does it cost if a person wants to learn about first aid, CPR and AED use? A. $ 80. B. $ 90. C. $ 95. D. $ 105. 38. What can we know about Basic Life Support? A. It is a part of a research project. B. It is aimed at medical workers. C. It costs the least of the three courses. D. It teaches students basic first aid. 39 What do the listed courses have in common? A. They are available online. B. They are for all individuals. C. They take the same amount of time. D. They include a two-year AHA certificate. 40 What is the text? A. A medical report. B. A first aid guide. C. An advertisement. D. An introduction to school courses. B Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. Long, a rider all his life, entered the race after being inspired by All the Wild Horses, a movie based on the grueling event. Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared. Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. The race organizers had provided an extensive support network to keep an eye on the participants from afar. Despite that, the physical strain of riding such a long distance made simple things like squatting (蹲) down at the end of the day almost impossible. Along the vast race course there were unpredictable circumstances beyond Long’s control, however well prepared he’d been. Weather was one of them, which could switch from heavy rain to burning unexpectedly. Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up. Regardless of the hardship, Long felt a sort of spiritual adventure while traveling through the wilderness. He was provided with some memorable moments while connecting with nature. He also grew to love the country and the communities along the route. Still holding the passion for riding, Long never dismisses the idea of competing in another Mongol Derby. 41. What distinguished Bob Long from other competitors in the Mongol Derby? A. He rode the whole race course alone. B. He completed the toughest part of the course. C. He was the oldest participant of the horse race. D. He was most likely to enter the competition again. 42. What does the underlined word “grueling” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Tough but rewarding. B. Difficult and exhausting. C. Comfortable and pleasant. D. Romantic but time-consuming. 43. What was the biggest challenge that Long faced during the race? A. The changeable weather. B The mental state in the course. C. The difficulty in finding the right route. D. The physical strain of riding a long distance. 44. What is the text mainly about? A. An introduction to the Mongol Derby. B. A review of a film based on the longest horse race. C. The experience of the Mongol Derby’s oldest winner. D. The preparations before a long and difficult horse race. 45. What is the best title for the text? A. Competing in the Mongol Derby B. All the Wild Horses C. The Guinness Book of Records D. Endless Mongolian grassland C I met Ariep on an island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu. Being the last fluent Naati speaker in the area, he sorrowfully expressed his fear that, with his death, the language would no longer exist. Naati is just an example of endangered language. Today, 50% to 90% of the world’s languages are considered at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century. Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter? Should Naati’s fate concern the world? Many speakers of endangered languages, including Ariep, communicate fluently in other languages. Is the hope of “saving” these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic scholars? As a linguist, I’m on the opposite side of those answering “yes”. I understand how critical and urgent language loss is. Individual communities rely on languages to form culture and identity, and for the global community, languages are an invaluable source of information about human cognition. If a language is lost, the relevant community heritage will disappear. For instance, people who speak Lulamogi in Uganda feel anxious that as people forget the terms describing methods of catching and eating white ants, they will also forget this important cultural practice. Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination. Measuring their exact damage is hard, but the loss indeed harms the well-being of community members. By contrast, the ability of community members to speak their indigenous language together enhances well-being. In British Columbia, research has proved that the young generations in indigenous communities where at least 50% of the people speak the native language tend to exhibit a stronger sense of well-being and more optimistic attitudes toward life. When a language is disappearing more is lost than just certain bits of information. Understanding language is vital to understanding human cognition. Every language presents us with a piece of the puzzle for finding out how language works in our mind, without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture. For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. 46. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Ariep’s fear. B. Naati’s fate. C. Public concern over the crisis. D. Protecting endangered language. 47. What are the consequences of language loss? ①Broken dreams of scholars. ②Loss of information sources. ③A big puzzle missing pieces. ④Damaging effects on well-being. ⑤Disappearance of cultural heritage. A. ①②③ B. ①③⑤ C. ②④⑤ D. ②③④ 48. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude toward saving endangered languages? A. Neutral. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Disapproving. 49. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Should we save endangered languages? B. Should Naati’s fate concern the island? C. How to make a self-determination? D. How to promote community identity? 50. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A diary. B. A novel. C. A guidebook. D. A magazine. D In recent studies we have been investigating mirror writing by typical 4-to 6-year-old children. The term is used because the characters — numbered and letters — are reversed (颠倒), yet are correct when looked at in a mirror. For quite a long time, the mainstream views on the phenomenon were supported by the observation of left-handed children writing reverse characters, which was insufficient and misleading as right-handed children do so as well. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing. We find mirror writing works on both the cerebral(relating to the brain) and the behavioral level. The former has long been limited to the simplistic 1925 theory by Samue Ort on that one of the cerebral hemispheres (大脑半球) (usually the left) would correctly store the letters while the other would store them in a mirrored form. More recently, however, it has been shown that the brain doesn’t consider orientation (方 向) (left or right) when storing images, a process called mirror generalization. This mirror generalization process, which can be very useful — for example, to recognize a face by both its left and right sides —leads children to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left / right orientation. It is important to note that the learning of the form of characters by children is mainly visual, and that children produce almost entirely horizontal mirror writing. At the behavioral level, when children write the characters from memory, they must give them an. orientation. In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters —written from left to right — children tend to reverse mainly characters that face the left, such as 7 and q. However, when children are required to write from right to left, they instead reverse the right-oriented letters. This suggests that children usually orient characters in the direction of their writing. Our explanation is supported by analyzing tens of thousands of writing samples from more than a thousand children. Nevertheless, many parents continue to believe that mirror writing might be the indicator of a disorder such as dyslexia (读写困难), as doctors may still suggest that mirror writing by children is a sign of a developmental issue. Our research on typical developing children does not support such claims. 51. What does the author want to show by mentioning the left-handedness view? A. The necessity of re-explaining mirror writing. B. The role of teachers in addressing mirror writing. C. The difficulty in adjusting children's handedness. D. The challenge of writing faced by left-handed children. 52. What feature of the human brain was Samuel Ort on unaware of? A. It can recognize letters in a mirror forms. B. It ignores the orientation during image storage. C. Its ability to store visual images is quite limited. D. Its left hemisphere is more active in storing letters. 53. What does mirror generalization help children know about a character? A. Its pronunciation. B. Its meaning. C. Its orientation. D. Its outline. 54. Which combination is likely to be reversed by children writing from right to left? A. 7, J and Z. B. 9, D and F. C. 6, B and R. D. 8, J and L. 55. What's the researchers’ suggestion for parents? A. Limiting children’s exposure to mirror writing. B. Regarding mirror writing as something normal. C. Encouraging children to overcome mirror writing. D. Seeking professional advice on kid’s developmental issues. 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共35分） 第二部分：写作 （共两节，满分35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In fourth grade, I was ready to venture into a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and juvenile (青少年的) topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that reading these books was out of the question. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the books, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now. 56. Who did the old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series belong to?(no more than 5words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What does the underlined part “out of the question” in Paragraph 2 mean?(one word) __________________________________________________________________________________ 58 How did the author like the plot of the entire Harry Potter series?(no more than 5 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What does the author mainly talk about in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 60. What kind of books do you like reading? Why?(no more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津，你和你校交换生Chris准备联合参加学校组织的校园文创设计大赛，请给Chris发邮件，内容包括： 1.分享你的创意； 2.询问Chris的建议。 参考词汇：校园文创设计大赛Campus Cultural and Creative Design Competition 注意： 1.词数不少于 100; 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 河西区 2023-2024学年度第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查 （二） 英语试卷 本试卷由第Ⅰ卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）组成，共130分，考试用时 100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. ——Shall we go to Shanghai for the summer holiday? —______. It’s a beautiful city. A. Sounds great B. Well done C. Never mind D. You are welcome 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我们暑假去上海怎么样？——听起来很棒。它是一个美丽的城市。A. Sounds great听起来不错；B. Well done干得好；C. Never mind没关系； D. You are welcome不客气。根据下文“It’s a beautiful city.”可知，答语是对上文提出的建议的肯定，认为“这个主意听起来很棒，因为上海是一个美丽的城市”。故选A。 2. Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________ learned by yourself. A. one B. that C. those D. this 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：别人教给你的任何东西对你的影响都比不上你自己学到的东西。A. one一个人，表示泛指；B. that那个，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的单数名词或者不可数名词以及代词；C. those那些，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的复数名词；D. this这个。此处指代nothing，上文nothing的修饰词是“taught by others ”，此处nothing的修饰词是“learned by yourself”，同类不同物。故选B。 3. Peking University has the ______ of being one of the most famous universities in the world, so it attracts a large number of excellent students every year. A. distinction B. admission C. impression D. ambition 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京大学有着全世界最著名大学之一的荣誉，因此每年都吸引着大批优秀的学生。A. distinction荣誉；B. admission录取；C. impression印象；D. ambition志向。分析句子意思可知，这里需要名词distinction，作宾语，构成短语have the distinction of，意为“有……的荣誉/特殊之处”。故选A。 4. From what she has done we can predict that she is ________ enough to make her own decision and behave in a proper way. A. positive B. severe C. mature D. admirable 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从他所做的我们能预测她已经成熟到能能自己做决定和举止得体。 A. positive积极的；B. severe严格的；C. mature成熟的；D. admirable令人钦佩的。根据下文提到“make her own decision and behave in a proper way.”表示她已经足够成熟了。故选C项。 5. With the word PM 2.5 ________ appearing in media reports, people pay greater attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days. A. immediately B. consequently C. permanently D. constantly 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着PM2.5这个词不断出现在媒体报道中，人们更加关注它，寻求雾霾天的健康提示。A. immediately立刻，马上；B. consequently所以，因此；C. permanently永久性地；D. constantly连续不断地。根据下文“people pay greater attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days”及常识可知，因为关于雾霾指数PM2.5不断出现在媒体报道中，所以人们更加关注它，才会寻求雾霾天的健康提示。故选D。 6. 【2018·江苏】Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发出更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then（到那时），可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。 点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案。 7. Jenny, who has never failed to ______ her parents’ expectations, decides to study abroad after graduating from college. A. look up to B. come up with C. live up to D. put up with 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：珍妮从来没有辜负过父母的期望，她决定大学毕业后出国留学。A. look up to尊敬，敬仰；B. come up with想出，提出； C. live up to实现，达到，不辜负； D. put up with容忍。根据宾语expectations可知，固定短语live up to one’s expectations意为“不辜负某人的期望”符合语境。故选C项。 8. I______ before I came to the new company, for my colleagues here are very friendly and helpful to me. A. couldn’t worry B. couldn’t have worried C. needn’t worry D. needn’t have worried 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在我来到新公司之前，我本不必担心，因为这里的同事对我非常友好和乐于助人。根据下文“for my colleagues here are very friendly and helpful to me”可知，我本不必担心到新公司的事情，因为这里的同事对我非常友好和乐于助人，但实际上是担心了。needn’t have done意为“本不必做某事，但实际上做了”，符合本题语境；couldn’t have done意为“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去的一种推测。couldn’t do sth. 意为“不能做某事”，needn’t do sth.意为“不需要做某事”，均不符合语境。故选D。 9. I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work before lunch． A. to do B. done C. doing D. being done 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢早起，这样我就能在午饭前完成大量的工作。在so that引导的从句中，“大量的工作”和“做”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，构成get sth done 使某事被做，故选B。 10. —Did you watch the play on CCTV-1 last night? It was really good. —No, I didn’t. ? — “Tea House.” A. What was it B. What’s on C. What was it about D. How about it 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你昨晚看中央电视台第一频道的话剧了吗？真的很不错。——不，我没看，播的是什么？——茶馆。A. What was it那是什么？B. What’s on播放的是什么？C. What was it about是关于什么的？D. How about it怎么样。根据后文的回答“Tea House.”可知询问的是播放的话剧是什么，What’s on符合语境。故选B。 11. John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A. where B. why C. that D. which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰是如此自私，以至于他达到了一个我们团队里没有人想和他说话的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A项。 12. I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A. am expecting B. would expect C. have expected D. had expected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我原以为你会留下来和我们一起吃饭，但你告诉我你必须回家。分析句子意思可知，考查的谓语动词expect发生在第二个小分句的谓语动词told之前，所以用过去完成时形式，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故选D。 13. Most students attend a university mainly to ______ the knowledge needed for their chosen profession. A. acquire B. desire C. inquire D. require 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数学生上大学主要是为了获得所选专业所需的知识。A. acquire获得；B. desire渴望；C. inquire询问；D. require需要。根据下文“the knowledge needed for their chosen profession (为了所选专业所需的知识)”可知，此处指学生上大学是为了获得知识。故选 A。 14. ________ in the traffic jam, I usually set out at 7:00 in the morning from home by car. A. To avoid to be caught B. To avoid being caught. C. Avoiding being caught D. Avoiding to be caught 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免遭遇交通堵塞，我通常早晨7点开车从家出发。分析句子结构可知此处应用不定式短语在句中充当目的状语，固定短语avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，主语I与catch构成被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动语态。故选B。 15. Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A. that B. when C. how D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你难道没有想到这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是最重要的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里it是形式主语，空格处引导的从句是真正的主语成分，从句缺少介词about的宾语，上下文需要“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。 第二节：完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分 30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Fifteen-year-old Michael Platt is the owner of Michaels Desserts. Born with an incredible love for ____16____, he became interested in baking when he was nine years old.____17____, Michael was learning about income inequality and childhood hunger from his parents. He felt inspired to ___18___ those injustices. Since he was diagnosed ____19____ severe epilepsy(癫痫)at the age of 10, Michael has been homeschooled by his mother. With his activities limited by his ____20____ condition, Michael threw himself into baking. His parents once bought him a pair of TOMS shoes, ____21____ business model gave him a(n) ____22____. For every pair sold, TOMS gives another pair to a ____23____ individual. Supported by his parents, he ____24____ Michaels Desserts. When a dessert is sold, he donates another to someone _____25_____ homelessness or hunger. Michael sells about 170 treats a month. There are various _____26_____, and the most important item on the menu is the “Freedom Fighter” cupcakes created in honor of historical _____27_____ like Martin Luther King. Stephanie Gerstenblith, one of his _____28_____, says that Michael’s cupcakes are not only delicious, but also have inspired her to “_____29_____everyone with sweetness”. _____30_____running his bakery, Michael hosts bake _____31_____ for the non-profit No Kid Hungry. Jessical Bomberg, a leader of fund-raising for the campaign, says, “Young heroes like Michael prove that everyone can _____32_____ in society.” It is Michael’s _____33_____ that everyone should undertake the responsibility to take care of others. “When I see people starving, I want to _____34_____ them something,” he says. “It’s my way of telling them that they haven't been ____35____.” 16. A. shoes B. study. C. sweets D. medicine 17. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. However D. Especially 18. A. report B. blame C. abandon D. fight 19. A. of B. by C. with D. at 20. A. health B. educational C. mental D. economic 21. A. which B. whose C. that D. who 22. A. inspiration B. imagination C. courage D. challenge 23. A. weak B. depressed C. greedy D. needy 24. A. invented B. founded C. discovered D. organized 25. A. avoiding B. escaping C. facing D. hating 26. A. prices B. brands C. shapes D. flavors 27. A. figures B. sites C. stories D. records 28. A. friends B. customers C. relatives D. colleagues 29. A. agree B. compare C. provide D. argue 30. A. Apart from B. Regardless of C. But for D. Owing to 31. A. competitions B. exhibitions C. parties D. sales 32. A. make a difference B. make a living C. make a fortune D. make a donation 33. A. decision B. faith C. desire D. plan 34. A. return B. tell C. give D. refuse 35. A. misunderstood B. doubted C. controlled D. forgotten 【答案】16 C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁的Michael Platt创立“迈克尔甜品”来帮助那些无家可归或饥饿的人。他希望每个人都应该承担起照顾他人的责任。 【16题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他生来就对甜食有着难以置信的热爱，九岁时就对烘焙产生了兴趣。A. shoes鞋子；B. study学习；C. sweets糖果；D. medicine药物。根据下文“he became interested in baking when he was nine years old (九岁时就对烘焙产生了兴趣)”可知，迈克尔喜欢甜食。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，迈克尔从父母那里了解到收入不平等和童年时期的饥饿。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Especially特别。根据后文“Michael was learning about income inequality and childhood hunger from his parents(迈克尔从父母那里了解到收入不平等和童年时期的饥饿)”可知，此处指迈克尔对烘焙产生了兴趣的同时，还从父母那里了解到收入不平等和童年时期的饥饿。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他受到鼓舞去同那些不公正现象作斗争。A. report报告；B. prove证明；C. abandon抛弃；D. fight战斗。根据后文“those injustices(那些不公正现象)”指同那些不公正现象作斗争，应用fight。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：自从 10 岁时被诊断出患有严重的癫痫以来，迈克尔一直由母亲在家教育。A. of……的；B. by 被；C. with 具有；D. at 在。此处表示被诊断出患有严重的癫痫，be diagnosed with 为固定搭配，意为“被诊断出患有……疾病”。故选 C。 【20题详解】 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：由于健康状况限制了他的活动，迈克尔投身于烘焙。A. health健康；B. education教育；C. mental心理的；D. economic经济的。根据第一段中“Since he was diagnosed… severe epilepsy at l0, Michael has been homeschooled by his mother.( 自从十岁被诊断出患有严重的癫痫后，迈克就由他的母亲在家教育)”可知，迈克尔患有癫痫，健康状况不好。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查定语从句引导词辨析。句意：他的父母曾经给他买过一双 TOMS 鞋，这家公司的商业模式给了他一个灵感。A. which 哪一个；B. whose 谁的；C. that 那个；D. who 谁。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为TOMS shoes，在从句中作定语，修饰business model，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选 B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母曾经给他买过一双TOMS鞋，这种商业模式给了他灵感：每卖出一双，TOMS就会给有需要的人另一双鞋。A. inspiration灵感；B. imagination想象；C. courage勇气；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“For every pair sold, TOMS gives another pair to a(每卖出一双，TOMS就会给……人另一双鞋)”提到迈克尔创立自己的甜品店，这种商业模式给了他灵感。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的父母曾经给他买过一双TOMS鞋，这种商业模式给了他灵感：每卖出一双，TOMS就会给有需要的人另一双鞋。A. weak虚弱的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. greedy贪婪的；D. needy贫困的，有需要的。根据后文“homelessness or hunger(无家可归的人或者饥饿的人)”可知，这种商业模式是指每卖出一双，TOMS就会给有需要的人另一双鞋。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父母的支持下，他创立了“迈克尔甜品”。A. invented发明；B. founded创立；C. discovered发现；D. organized组织。根据后文“Michaels Desserts. When a dessert is sold(迈克尔甜品，当一份甜品卖出)”可知，此处指创立“迈克尔甜品”。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卖完一份甜点后，他会把另一份捐给那些面临无家可归或饥饿的人。A. avoiding避免；B. escaping逃走；C. facing面临；D. hating讨厌。根据后文“homelessness or hunger(无家可归的人或者饥饿的人)”可知，此处指那些面临无家可归或饥饿的人。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有各种口味可供品尝，而菜单上最重要的项目是为纪念马丁·路德·金等历史人物而制作的“自由战士”纸杯蛋糕。A. prices价格；B. brands品牌；C. shapes形状；D. flavors口味。根据后文for tasting可知，此处指蛋糕的口味。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有各种口味可供品尝，而菜单上最重要的项目是为纪念马丁·路德·金等历史人物而制作的“自由战士”纸杯蛋糕。A. figures人物，数字；B. sites地点；C. stories故事；D. records记录。根据后文like Martin Luther King Junior可知，菜单上有为纪念马丁·路德·金等历史人物而制作的“自由战士”纸杯蛋糕。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的顾客之一斯蒂芬妮·格斯滕伯利斯表示，迈克尔的纸杯蛋糕不仅美味，而且激励她“为每个人提供甜蜜”。A. friends朋友；B. customers顾客；C. relatives亲戚；D. colleagues同事。根据后文“says that Michael's cupcakes are not only delicious”可知，斯蒂芬妮·格斯滕伯利斯是迈克尔甜品的顾客。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. agree 同意；B. compare 比较；C. provide 提供；D. argue 争论。根据上文“Michael's cupcakes are not only delicious, but also have inspired her”可知迈克尔纸杯蛋糕不仅美味，还激发了她的灵感，此处表示用甜蜜对待每个人。故选 C。 【30题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了经营自己的面包店，迈克尔还为非营利组织“不让孩子挨饿”举办烘焙义卖活动。A. apart from 除……之外；B. Regardless of 不管；C. But for 要不是；D. Owing to 由于。根据下文“Michael hosts bake ____ for the non-profit No Kid Hungry”可知迈克尔还为非营利组织“不让孩子挨饿”举办烘焙义卖活动。此处表示除了经营自己的面包店之外，他还举办了烘焙义卖活动。故选 A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. competitions 比赛；B. exhibitions 展览；C. parties 聚会；D. sales 销售。根据下文“for the non-profit No Kid Hungry”可知下文提到了非营利组织“不让孩子挨饿”，此处表示举办烘焙义卖活动。故选 D。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jessica Bomberg是这个活动的筹款领导者，她说：“像迈克尔这样的年轻英雄证明了每个人都可以在社会上有所作为。”A. make a difference有影响；B. make a living谋生；C. make a fortune发财；D. make a donation捐赠。根据上文“Young heroes like Michael prove that everyone can”可知，此处指年轻人可以在社会上有所作为，应用make a difference。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈克尔的愿望是每个人都应该承担起照顾他人的责任。A. decision决定；B. faith信念；C. desire渴望；D. plan计划。根据后文“that everyone should undertake the responsibility to take care of others”可知，“每个人都应该承担起照顾他人的责任”是迈克尔的愿望。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我看到人们在挨饿时，我想给他们一些东西，”他说。A. return 返回；B. tell 告诉；C. give 给；D. refuse 拒绝。根据上文“everyone should undertake the responsibility to take care of others.”可知，每个人都应该承担照顾他人的责任，此处表示他想给挨饿的人一些东西。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我告诉他们没有被遗忘的方式。A. misunderstood误解；B. doubted怀疑；C. controlled控制；D. forgotten忘记。根据上文“everyone should undertake the responsibility to take care of others.”可知，迈克尔的愿望是每个人都应该承担起照顾他人的责任，所以他的理念就是让那些挨饿的人们知道，他们没有被人们遗忘。故选D。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A medical emergency can happen anywhere at any time. Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response. But before an ambulance can get to the scene, the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who is injured seriously makes a difference between life and death. Life Saver Team has been providing CPR (心肺复苏术) and first aid training since 2009. Here are a few of their most popular courses: CPR AED It is a classroom, video-based, instructor-led course that teaches the basic techniques of CPR and the use of an AED (自动体外除颤器), as well as how to relieve choking. This course teaches skills with research-proven techniques. ●Course length: 2 hours ●Initial course: $50 (Sign up for a first aid course for an additional $30) Upon completion of this course, students will receive an American Heart Association Heartsaver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years. Basic Life Support This is a classroom course designed to provide a wide variety of healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies, provide CPR, use an AED, and relieve choking in a timely and effective manner. ●Course length: 4 hours ●Initial course: $60 (Sign up for a first aid course for an additional $30) The American Heart Association BLS for Healthcare Provider Course Completion Card is valid for two years. First Aid It is a classroom, video-based, instructor-led course that teaches students critical skills to manage an emergency in the first few minutes until emergency medical services arrive. Students learn skills such as how to treat bleeding, broken bones and other first aid emergencies. Course length: 2 hours Initial course: $45 Upon completion of this course, students will receive an American Heart Association Heartsaver First Aid Course Completion Card that is valid for two years. 36. What should be often done first in a medical emergency? A. Calling for help at once. B. Providing immediate first aid. C. Taking the injured to the hospital. D. Leaving the scene as soon as possible. 37. How much does it cost if a person wants to learn about first aid, CPR and AED use? A. $ 80. B. $ 90. C. $ 95. D. $ 105. 38. What can we know about Basic Life Support? A. It is a part of a research project. B. It is aimed at medical workers. C. It costs the least of the three courses. D. It teaches students basic first aid. 39. What do the listed courses have in common? A. They are available online. B. They are for all individuals. C. They take the same amount of time. D. They include a two-year AHA certificate. 40. What is the text? A. A medical report. B. A first aid guide. C. An advertisement. D. An introduction to school courses. 【答案】36. A 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍救生队提供的几门急救课程。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response. (花点时间寻求帮助往往是最好的第一反应。)”可知，在医疗紧急情况下，通常应该首先立即呼救。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据CPR AED部分“Initial course: $50(Sign up for a first aid course for an additional $30) (初始课程：50美元（额外注册30美元的急救课程）)”可知，如果一个人想学习急救、心肺复苏术和AED的使用，总共需要80美元。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Basic Life Support部分“This is a classroom course designed to provide a wide variety of healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies, provide CPR, use an AED, and relieve choking in a timely and effective manner. (这是一门课堂课程，旨在为各种医疗保健专业人员提供识别几种危及生命的紧急情况、提供心肺复苏术、使用AED以及及时有效缓解窒息的能力。)”可知，这门课程是针对医务工作者的。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据CPR AED部分“Upon completion of this course, students will receive an American Heart Association Heartsaver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years. (完成本课程后，学生将获得一张有效期为两年的美国心脏协会Heartsaver CPR AED课程完成卡。)”，Basic Life Support部分“The American Heart Association BLS for Healthcare Provider Course Completion Card is valid for two years. (美国心脏协会BLS医疗保健提供者课程完成卡的有效期为两年。)”和First Aid部分“Upon completion of this course, students will receive an American Heart Association Heartsaver First Aid Course Completion Card that is valid for two years. (完成本课程后，学生将获得一张有效期为两年的美国心脏协会Heartsaver急救课程完成卡。)”可知，这三个课程都会在学生完成本课程后，提供一张有效期为两年的美国心脏协会Heartsaver急救课程完成卡。故选D。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“A medical emergency can happen anywhere at any time. Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response. But before an ambulance can get to the scene, the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who is injured seriously makes a difference between life and death. Life Saver Team has been providing CPR(心肺复苏术) and first aid training since 2009. Here are a few of their most popular courses (医疗紧急情况随时可能发生在任何地方。花点时间寻求帮助往往是最好的第一反应。但在救护车到达现场之前，对任何严重受伤的人立即进行急救将决定生死。救生队自2009年以来一直提供心肺复苏和急救培训。以下是他们最受欢迎的几门课程)”和下面提供的课程时长及价格可知，这篇文章主要介绍救生队提供的几门急救课程的相关情况，是一则广告。故选C。 B Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. Long, a rider all his life, entered the race after being inspired by All the Wild Horses, a movie based on the grueling event. Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared. Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. The race organizers had provided an extensive support network to keep an eye on the participants from afar. Despite that, the physical strain of riding such a long distance made simple things like squatting (蹲) down at the end of the day almost impossible. Along the vast race course there were unpredictable circumstances beyond Long’s control, however well prepared he’d been. Weather was one of them, which could switch from heavy rain to burning unexpectedly. Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up. Regardless of the hardship, Long felt a sort of spiritual adventure while traveling through the wilderness. He was provided with some memorable moments while connecting with nature. He also grew to love the country and the communities along the route. Still holding the passion for riding, Long never dismisses the idea of competing in another Mongol Derby. 41. What distinguished Bob Long from other competitors in the Mongol Derby? A. He rode the whole race course alone. B. He completed the toughest part of the course. C. He was the oldest participant of the horse race. D. He was most likely to enter the competition again. 42. What does the underlined word “grueling” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Tough but rewarding. B. Difficult and exhausting. C. Comfortable and pleasant. D. Romantic but time-consuming. 43. What was the biggest challenge that Long faced during the race? A. The changeable weather. B. The mental state in the course. C. The difficulty in finding the right route. D. The physical strain of riding a long distance. 44. What is the text mainly about? A. An introduction to the Mongol Derby. B. A review of a film based on the longest horse race. C. The experience of the Mongol Derby’s oldest winner. D. The preparations before a long and difficult horse race. 45. What is the best title for the text? A. Competing in the Mongol Derby B. All the Wild Horses C. The Guinness Book of Records D. Endless Mongolian grassland 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蒙古德比（Mongol Derby）赛马比赛中，最年长的参赛者和获胜者鲍勃·朗（Bob Long）的经历。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. (这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比的年龄最大的人)”可知，鲍勃·朗区别于其他赛马选手的是他是最年长的参赛者。故选C。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. (由于担心自己无法完成比赛，他开始为这场“在马上能做的最困难、最艰难、要求最高的事情”做好身心准备，这是一场一年一度的1000公里的比赛，2011年被吉尼斯世界纪录认定为世界上最长的马赛)”可知，赛马比赛是一场最艰难、要求最高的比赛，推测划线单词grueling的意思是“艰难的、要求高的”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. (最重要的是，最大的障碍是精神状态)”可知，对鲍勃·朗来说，最大的挑战是在比赛过程中的精神状态。故选B。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race.(站在终点线上，70岁的鲍勃·朗花了一段时间反思自己刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一片辽阔、一望无际的蒙古草原。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比的年龄最大的人)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了最年长的赛马选手鲍勃·朗赢得比赛的经历。故选C。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Standing at the finish line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race.(站在终点线上，70岁的鲍勃·朗花了一段时间反思自己刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一片辽阔、一望无际的蒙古草原。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比的年龄最大的人)”可知，本文主要讲述最年长的赛马选手鲍勃·朗参加世界上最长赛马比赛蒙古德比，赢得比赛的经历，所以“在蒙古德比比赛”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 C I met Ariep on an island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu. Being the last fluent Naati speaker in the area, he sorrowfully expressed his fear that, with his death, the language would no longer exist. Naati is just an example of endangered language. Today, 50% to 90% of the world’s languages are considered at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century. Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter? Should Naati’s fate concern the world? Many speakers of endangered languages, including Ariep, communicate fluently in other languages. Is the hope of “saving” these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic scholars? As a linguist, I’m on the opposite side of those answering “yes”. I understand how critical and urgent language loss is. Individual communities rely on languages to form culture and identity, and for the global community, languages are an invaluable source of information about human cognition. If a language is lost, the relevant community heritage will disappear. For instance, people who speak Lulamogi in Uganda feel anxious that as people forget the terms describing methods of catching and eating white ants, they will also forget this important cultural practice. Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination. Measuring their exact damage is hard, but the loss indeed harms the well-being of community members. By contrast, the ability of community members to speak their indigenous language together enhances well-being. In British Columbia, research has proved that the young generations in indigenous communities where at least 50% of the people speak the native language tend to exhibit a stronger sense of well-being and more optimistic attitudes toward life. When a language is disappearing more is lost than just certain bits of information. Understanding language is vital to understanding human cognition. Every language presents us with a piece of the puzzle for finding out how language works in our mind, without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture. For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. 46. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Ariep’s fear. B. Naati’s fate. C Public concern over the crisis. D. Protecting endangered language. 47. What are the consequences of language loss? ①Broken dreams of scholars. ②Loss of information sources. ③A big puzzle missing pieces. ④Damaging effects on well-being. ⑤Disappearance of cultural heritage. A. ①②③ B. ①③⑤ C. ②④⑤ D. ②③④ 48. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude toward saving endangered languages? A. Neutral. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Disapproving. 49. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Should we save endangered languages? B. Should Naati’s fate concern the island? C. How to make a self-determination? D. How to promote community identity? 50. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A diary. B. A novel. C. A guidebook. D. A magazine. 【答案】46 D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述该不该拯救濒危语言的话题。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter?(在过去的10年里，这场危机引起了更多的公众关注。在我们赞扬之前为保护特定地区土著人所说的濒临灭绝的土著语言所做的努力的同时，让我们停下来问问：为什么这很重要？)”可知，这里主要介绍人们保护濒临灭绝的语言很重要，所以it指代的是“保护濒危语言”。故选D。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“If a language is lost, the relevant community heritage will disappear. (如果一种语言丢失，相关的社区遗产也将消失。)”可知，失去语言将会失去社区文化遗产。根据第七段“Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination. Measuring their exact damage is hard, but the loss indeed harms the well-being of community members. (语言的丧失也意味着社区身份和自决权的丧失。很难准确衡量它们的损失，但这种损失确实损害了社区成员的福祉。)”可知，失去语言将会失去社区成员的福祉。根据第八段“When a language is disappearing more is lost than just certain bits of information. (当一种语言消失时，损失的不仅仅是某些信息。)”和第九段“Understanding language is vital to understanding human cognition. Every language presents us with a piece of the puzzle for finding out how language works in our mind, without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture. (理解语言对理解人类认知至关重要。每种语言都为我们提供了一块拼图，让我们了解语言在我们的脑海中是如何运作的，否则我们就无法看到全貌。)”可知，失去语言将会失去信息源。故选C。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. (为了每个人的利益，我们必须保护世界语言，以确保子孙后代的语言多样性。)”可知，作者对于拯救濒危语言是支持的态度。故选B。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Should Naati’s fate concern the world? Many speakers of endangered languages, including Ariep, communicate fluently in other languages. Is the hope of “saving” these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic scholars? (那提的命运应该引起全世界的关注吗？许多讲濒危语言的人，包括阿里普人，都能流利地用其他语言交流。“拯救”这些小语种的希望难道只是不切实际的学者的浪漫想法吗？)”和最后一段“For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. (为了每个人的利益，我们必须保护世界语言，以确保子孙后代的语言多样性。)”可知，这篇文章主要围绕是否要拯救濒危语言的话题进行的讨论。A选项“我们应该拯救濒危语言吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Naati is just an example of endangered language. Today, 50% to 90% of the world’s languages are considered at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century. (Naati只是濒危语言的一个例子。如今，世界上50%至90%的语言被认为有可能在本世纪末停止使用。)”和第三段“Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter?(在过去的10年里，这场危机引起了更多的公众关注。在我们赞扬之前为保护特定地区土著人所说的濒临灭绝的土著语言所做的努力的同时，让我们停下来问问：为什么这很重要？)”可知，这篇文章使用的语言具有社会性，说的是社会语言的话题，所以，这篇文章应该出现在报纸或者杂志上。故选D。 D In recent studies we have been investigating mirror writing by typical 4-to 6-year-old children. The term is used because the characters — numbered and letters — are reversed (颠倒), yet are correct when looked at in a mirror. For quite a long time, the mainstream views on the phenomenon were supported by the observation of left-handed children writing reverse characters, which was insufficient and misleading as right-handed children do so as well. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing. We find mirror writing works on both the cerebral(relating to the brain) and the behavioral level. The former has long been limited to the simplistic 1925 theory by Samue Ort on that one of the cerebral hemispheres (大脑半球) (usually the left) would correctly store the letters while the other would store them in a mirrored form. More recently, however, it has been shown that the brain doesn’t consider orientation (方 向) (left or right) when storing images, a process called mirror generalization. This mirror generalization process, which can be very useful — for example, to recognize a face by both its left and right sides —leads children to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left / right orientation. It is important to note that the learning of the form of characters by children is mainly visual, and that children produce almost entirely horizontal mirror writing. At the behavioral level, when children write the characters from memory, they must give them an. orientation. In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters —written from left to right — children tend to reverse mainly characters that face the left, such as 7 and q. However, when children are required to write from right to left, they instead reverse the right-oriented letters. This suggests that children usually orient characters in the direction of their writing. Our explanation is supported by analyzing tens of thousands of writing samples from more than a thousand children. Nevertheless, many parents continue to believe that mirror writing might be the indicator of a disorder such as dyslexia (读写困难), as doctors may still suggest that mirror writing by children is a sign of a developmental issue. Our research on typical developing children does not support such claims. 51. What does the author want to show by mentioning the left-handedness view? A. The necessity of re-explaining mirror writing. B. The role of teachers in addressing mirror writing. C. The difficulty in adjusting children's handedness. D. The challenge of writing faced by left-handed children. 52. What feature of the human brain was Samuel Ort on unaware of? A. It can recognize letters in a mirror forms. B. It ignores the orientation during image storage. C. Its ability to store visual images is quite limited. D. Its left hemisphere is more active in storing letters. 53. What does mirror generalization help children know about a character? A. Its pronunciation. B. Its meaning. C. Its orientation. D. Its outline. 54. Which combination is likely to be reversed by children writing from right to left? A. 7, J and Z. B. 9, D and F. C. 6, B and R. D. 8, J and L. 55. What's the researchers’ suggestion for parents? A. Limiting children’s exposure to mirror writing. B. Regarding mirror writing as something normal. C. Encouraging children to overcome mirror writing. D. Seeking professional advice on kid’s developmental issues. 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍饿了一项研究表明，儿童在4到6岁时可能会出现镜像书写的现象，即数字和大写字母在书写时会发生左右颠倒，但在镜子中观察时则是正确的，文章探讨了儿童镜像书写现象的成因。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“For quite a long time, the mainstream views on the phenomenon were supported by the observation of left-handed children writing reverse characters, which was insufficient and misleading as right-handed children do so as well. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing.(在相当长的一段时间里，关于这一现象的主流观点得到了左撇子儿童书写反向字符的观察结果的支持，这是不充分的，也是误导性的，因为惯用右手的儿童也会这样做。即使在今天，当孩子们进行镜像写作时，左撇子往往是老师们最喜欢的解释)”可知，传统上将镜像书写与左撇子儿童联系起来的看法并不充分且具有误导性。由此可推知，作者通过提及左撇子的观点想要展示的是对于镜像书写现象需要重新解释的必要性。故选A。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“More recently, however, it has been shown that the brain doesn’t consider orientation (方向)(left or right) when storing images, a process called mirror generalization.(然而，最近有研究表明，大脑在存储图像时不会考虑方向（左或右），这一过程被称为镜像泛化)”可知，Samuel Orton未曾意识到的大脑特征是在存储图像过程中忽略方向性。故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“This mirror generalization process, which can be very useful — for example, to recognize a face by both its left and right sides —leads children to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left / right orientation.(这种镜像泛化过程非常有用——例如，通过人脸的左右两侧来识别人脸——可以让孩子们从记忆中知道角色的形状，但不知道他们的左/右方向)”可知，镜像泛化帮助孩子了解字符的轮廓，但不是它们的左右方向。故选D。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的“In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters —written from left to right — children tend to reverse mainly characters that face the left, such as 7 and q. However, when children are required to write from right to left, they instead reverse the right-oriented letters.(在主要语言是用拉丁字母书写的国家，从左到右，孩子们倾向于主要颠倒朝左的字符，如7和q。然而，当孩子们被要求从右到左书写时，他们会颠倒朝右的字母) ”可知，当从右向左写时，孩子们可能会反转面向右侧的字母。由此推断，6, B and R这组字母包含两个（B和R）通常是面向右侧的字母，和一个朝右的数字6，因此当从右向左书写时，这个组合更可能被儿童反转。故选C。 55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Nevertheless, many parents continue to believe that mirror writing might be the indicator of a disorder such as dyslexia (读写困难), as doctors may still suggest that mirror writing by children is a sign of a developmental issue. Our research on typical developing children does not support such claims.(尽管如此，许多家长仍然认为镜像书写可能是阅读障碍（或非阅读障碍）等疾病的指标，因为医生可能仍然认为儿童的镜像书写是发育问题的标志)”以及整篇文章的主旨可推知，研究者们的建议是让父母将镜像书写视为正常发展的一部分，而非疾病或障碍的标志。故选B。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共35分） 第二部分：写作 （共两节，满分35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In fourth grade, I was ready to venture into a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and juvenile (青少年的) topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that reading these books was out of the question. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the books, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now. 56. Who did the old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series belong to?(no more than 5words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What does the underlined part “out of the question” in Paragraph 2 mean?(one word) __________________________________________________________________________________ 58. How did the author like the plot of the entire Harry Potter series?(no more than 5 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What does the author mainly talk about in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 60. What kind of books do you like reading? Why?(no more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. The author’s parents. 57. Impossible. 58. It attracted her very much. 59. She loves old books now. 60. I like reading history books because they can broaden my horizons. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对旧书的态度从讨厌到喜欢的转变过程。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中“I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series.（我找到了父母的旧版《哈利·波特》系列丛书。）”可知，旧版《哈利·波特》系列丛书是作者父母的。故答案为 The author's parents. 【57题详解】 考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段中“Visually, my parents' books were my worst nightmare.（从视觉上看，我父母的书是我最糟糕的噩梦。）”以及“However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the books, I would have to read my parents' copies.（然而，我最终不得不接受这样一个事实：如果我想读这些书，我就必须读我父母的书。）”可知，作者最初非常讨厌父母的这些旧书，认为读这些书是不可能的。所以猜测“out of the question”的意思为“不可能的”。故答案为 Impossible. 【58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中“I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like.（我仍然非常讨厌旧书，但整个《哈利·波特》系列的情节如此吸引我，以至于我几乎完全忘记了这些书的样子。）”可知，作者认为《哈利·波特》系列的情节非常吸引人。故答案为 It attracted her very much. 【59题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据文章最后一段“Now, I love old books. I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it's about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now.（现在，我喜欢旧书。我喜欢书的封面有时磨损得很厉害，你几乎看不清书名，但你无论如何都能理解它的内容。毕竟，一本旧书代表了一代又一代的读者，他们选择生活在一个特定的虚构世界里，因为书中的故事就是那么好。旧书是有意义的，我喜欢它们现在对我的意义。）”可知，最后一段主要讲述了作者现在喜欢旧书。故答案为 She loves old books now. 【60题详解】 考查开放题。根据文章最后一段“I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it's about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now.（我喜欢书的封面有时磨损得很厉害，你几乎看不清书名，但你无论如何都能理解它的内容。毕竟，一本旧书代表了一代又一代的读者，他们选择生活在一个特定的虚构世界里，因为书中的故事就是那么好。旧书是有意义的，我喜欢它们现在对我的意义。）”可知，读书对作者有意义，能开阔作者的视野，通过读历史书能达到这个目的，故答案为I like reading history books because they can broaden my horizons. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津，你和你校交换生Chris准备联合参加学校组织的校园文创设计大赛，请给Chris发邮件，内容包括： 1.分享你的创意； 2.询问Chris的建议。 参考词汇：校园文创设计大赛Campus Cultural and Creative Design Competition 注意： 1.词数不少于 100; 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Chris, How is it going? I’ve just had a “light bulb” moment for our entry in the upcoming Campus Cultural and Creative Design Competition, and I can’t wait to share it with you to get your thoughts. How about creating a series of bookmarks? On one side, we’ll have our school motto, and on the flip side, breathtaking illustrations showcase our campus throughout the four seasons. Each bookmark will capture a special moment or scene that perfectly reflects the essence of that particular season. I really think this idea not only nails the competition theme but also offers a practical yet visually stunning product that truly represents the spirit of our school. What do you think? Would love to hear your thoughts and any suggestions you might have! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Chris发邮件，介绍你参加校园文创设计大赛的创意。 【详解】1.词汇积累 比赛：competition→contest 怎样：how about→what about 建议：suggestion→advice 本质：essence→nature 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Would love to hear your thoughts and any suggestions you might have! 拓展句：If you have any better thoughts or suggestions, don’t hesitate to contact me. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Each bookmark will capture a special moment or scene that perfectly reflects the essence of that particular season. (运用了that引导定语从句) [高分句型2] I really think this idea not only nails the competition theme but also offers a practical yet visually stunning product that truly represents the spirit of our school. (运用了not only…but also…句型和that引导的定语从句和省略连接词的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $