2025届高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(09)讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法： 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2、 高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练 Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research. When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70, 000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple(涟漪) effects of that inter mating still exist today：Modern humans of non-African ancestry(血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically, the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm. For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today’s humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils(化石) .In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. For Neanderthals, being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours—shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer-for the first time. The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring(后代) adapt to this new environment. Notably, the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers. Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute, including social and environmental influences. The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K. Biobank-so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans. Next, the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries. If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones. 1. What does the new research focus on? A. DNA’s dramatic changes. B. Genes’ influence on early risers. C. Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns. D. Ancestors’ environmental adaptability. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. What does the new research focus on? 这项新研究的重点是什么 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today’s humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils(化石) .In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. 在这项新研究中，研究人员比较了现代人的DNA和尼安德特人化石的DNA(化石)。在这两组中，他们都发现了一些与昼夜节律有关的相同基因变异。他们发现，携带这些变异基因的现代人也是早起者。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. What does the new research focus on? 这项新研究的重点是什么 A. DNA’s dramatic changes. DNA的巨大变化 B. Genes’ influence on early risers.基因对早起者的影响（原文直接对应） C. Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns. 尼安德特人的睡眠模式。 D. Ancestors’ environmental adaptability.祖先的环境适应性。 And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. 他们发现，携带这些变异基因的现代人也是早起者。 2. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans? A. Getting up earlier. B. Having healthier daily routines. C. Being more flexible in their work. D. Possessing a better circadian rhythm. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans? 携带尼安德特人DNA对现代人的真正好处是什么? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） For Neanderthals, being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours—shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer-for the first time. The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring(后代) adapt to this new environment. 对于尼安德特人来说，作为“早起的人”可能并不是携带这些基因的真正好处。相反，科学家们认为，尼安德特人的DNA赋予了他们更快、更灵活的内部生物钟，这使他们更容易适应每年的日光变化。这种联系在人类历史的背景下是有意义的。当早期人类从非洲向北迁移时，他们第一次经历了白昼时间的变化——冬天白天变短，夏天白天变长。尼安德特人的昼夜节律基因可能帮助了早期人类的后代(后代)适应 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans? 携带尼安德特人DNA对现代人的真正好处是什么 A. Getting up earlier. 早点起床。 B. Having healthier daily routines.拥有更健康的日常生活习惯。 C. Being more flexible in their work. 在工作中更加灵活。 D. Possessing a better circadian rhythm.拥有更好的昼夜节律。 The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring(后代) adapt to this new environment. 尼安德特人的昼夜节律基因可能帮助早期人类的后代(后代)适应了这种新环境。 Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wakeup is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chat bots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them. Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational A I, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language. Friend bots, therapy bots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage. After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate(操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent mean audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit. Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging and taking more seriously these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home：Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 1. How do human interact with the machines effectively? A. By improving the machines’ imagination. B. By sharpening the machines’ language skills. C. By applying the machines’ facial recognition. D. By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. How do human interact with the machines effectively? 人类如何有效地与机器互动? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational A I, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language. 对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理拟人化(赋与人性)，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话ai的最新进展，我们的机器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为:语言。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. How do human interact with the machines effectively? 人类如何有效地与机器互动 A. By improving the machines’ imagination.通过提高机器的想象力。 B. By sharpening the machines’ language skills.通过提高机器的语言技能。 C. By applying the machines’ facial recognition.通过应用机器的面部识别。 D. By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.通过模仿机器的情感行为。 原文直接对应。 2. What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? A. It is dismissed as completely ridiculous. B. It will be integrated into our daily life soon. C. It will become a threat to human social skills. D. It is labelled as highly advanced technology. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? 2024年，人们如何看待人类与人工智能的关系? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging and taking more seriously these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home：Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们逐渐开始承认并更认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了:机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2. What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? 2024年，人们如何看待人类与人工智能的关系 A. It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.它被认为是完全荒谬的 B. It will be integrated into our daily life soon.它将很快融入我们的日常生活 C. It will become a threat to human social skills.它将对人类的社交技能构成威胁 D. It is labelled as highly advanced technology.它被称为高度先进的技术 Because in 2024, it finally hits home：Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 因为在2024年，我们终于明白了:机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。 既然没有排除之外，可以推测这是一个科技展现，每个人都要用的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$