专题08 日清十考点+情态动词精讲-2024年八升九英语暑期无忧衔接

专题08 日清十考点+情态动词精讲 1.日清十考点 2.情态动词精讲 日清十考点 考点一 damage v.毁坏；破坏 damage n.(有形的)损坏；破坏；损失 【辨析】damage，destroy与harm damage 主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。 destroy 指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复。 harm 主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。 (1)大雨毁坏了许多房子。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Evidence shows that smoking________nearly every organ of the body. A. harms B. destroys C. damages (3)The earthquake destroyed the wholecity.地震毁了整座城市。 考点二 frightened frighten frightening adj.惊吓的；害怕的 v.吓唬 adj.令人害怕的 (1) Don’t be________of darkness. I will stay with you. A.frightened B. nervous C.anxious (2) Do you know what I will do when something________ (frighten) me？ (3) It’s to think it could happen again.想到此事可能再次发生就使人不寒而栗。 考点三 discover v.发现；找到；发觉 discovery n.发现 【辨析】 discover与invent discover “发现”，discover的对象是一直存在且未被人们认识或发现的东西 invent “发明；创造”，invent的对象是创造以前没有的东西 (1)He went over the plans again and________ two mistakes. A. discovered B. invented C. discussed (2) She was shocked by the________(discover) that he had lied to her. (3) Gilbert electricity，but Edison the light bulb. 吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 考点四 fear in fear fear fearful fearless n.害怕；惧怕 恐惧地；害怕地 v.害怕；畏惧 adj.担心；担忧；忧虑 adj.无畏的；大胆的 (1)他看见了一个影子，害怕地逃跑了。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) John is________ (fear) of the result. He thinks something bad will happen. (3)All his employees him.他所有的雇员都怕他。 (4)Parents are ever for their children.父母总是为子女担忧。 (5)Only the selfless can be .无私才能无畏。 考点五 explain.v.解释；说明 explanation n.解释 (1)你能解释一下为什么你在这里吗？(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) I don’t believe your________(explain). 考点六 prepare preparation prepare for prepare to do sth. v.使(自己)有准备 n.预备；准备 准备 准备做某事 (1)你是怎样为这个角色作准备的？(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Careful________(prepare) for the exam is necessary. (3)I was to leave.我正准备离开。 考点七 wake—woke—woken wake sb. up awake v.叫醒；醒来 把某人唤醒 adj. 清醒的 v. 唤醒；(使)醒来 (1)I usually up at 6 in the morning.我通常早上6点醒来。 (2)His mother woke him two hours ago.他的妈妈两个小时前把他唤醒了。 (3)He stayed at midnight.子夜他还没睡。 考点八 【辨析】 because of sth. 由于某事，后接名词、代词及名词性短语。常用来表示引起事件发生的直接原因。 because conj. 因为，后接从句，作原因状语从句，不与so连用。 (1)The spaceship was damaged a crash.因为碰撞，所以宇宙飞船受损。 (2) We had to stay at home it rained heavily. 因为雨下得很大，我们不得不待在家。 考点九 hear sb. doing sth. hear sb. do sth. hear that hear from sb. 听见某人正在做某事 经常听见某人做某事/听见某人做了某事 听说 收到某人的来信 (1) I heard him last night.昨晚我听见他唱歌。 (2)I often hear him English aloud in the morning.我经常听见他晨读英语。 (3) I hear that he from Japan. 我听说他来自日本。 (4)I heard my brother last Monday.上星期一我收到我哥哥的来信。 考点十 since since refuse to do refuse sth. conj. 既然；由于 conj.& prep.自从……以来 拒绝做某事 拒绝某物 (1) everyone is here，we will have a meeting.既然大家到齐了，我们开会吧。 (2)He has lived here he left New York.自从他离开纽约，他一直住在这里。 (3)He to leave his home.他拒绝离开他的家。 (4)He the job. 他拒绝这份工作。 语法精讲 一、情态动词的类型和特征 (一)情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must;can(could);may(might) 2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need;dare 3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will(would);shall(should) 4.具有情态动词某些特征的有:have to;had better;ought to (二)情态动词的特征 1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。 2.无人称和数的变化(have to例外,主语为第三人称单数时用has to)。如: He has to stay here.他得待在这里。 3.后接动词原形。如: She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。 二、情态动词的用法 1.can,could的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 can/could 表能力,意为“能,会” Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗? 表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句或疑问句中 He can’t be in the room. 他不可能在房间里。 could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会游泳。 注意:以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t。 2.may,might的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 may/might 表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中;might比may语气弱 He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。 表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t,不用may not,意为“不可以,不许,禁止”;might语气更婉转 —May I go now? —No,you mustn’t. ——我现在可以走了吗? ——不,不可以。 注意:can和may 均可用来表示征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。 3.must的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 must 表示“必须” I must go now. 我现在必须走。 表示推测,意为“一定”,一般用于肯定句 —There’s someone knocking on the door. —It must be Jim. ——有人在敲门。 ——肯定是吉姆。 以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要,不必”,而不能用mustn’t —Must I finish the work today? —No,you needn’t. ——我今天必须完成这项工作吗? ——不,你不必。 注意:在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can表示推测,否定句中也可用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而can’t 表示“不可能”。在否定句中,mustn’t表示禁止,意为“不允许”。 4.need的用法 need既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。 动词 意义及用法说明 例句 need 情态动词 没有人称和数的变化,直接接动词原形,可用于否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时不用助动词 He needn’t do it. 他不需要做那件事。 用need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t —Need I hand in my homework now? —Yes,you must./No,you needn’t. ——我有必要现在就交作业吗? ——是的,你必须交。/不,你不必。 实义动词 有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do,does,did He doesn’t need to do it. 他不需要做那件事。 need作实义动词时,还可表示“需要”,后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 The floor needs sweeping. =The floor needs to be swept. 这地需要打扫了。 5.shall(should),will(would)的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 shall 用于第一人称时,表示征求意见、询问,用于第二、三人称时,表示警告、命令、允诺等 Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗? Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃午饭好吗? You shall hand in your papers when the bell rings.铃响时,你们要上交试卷。 should 常用来表示义务、责任 We should obey traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。 will 表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿” Will you pass me the book? 你能把那本书递给我吗? We will do anything for you. 我们愿意为你做任何事。 would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问 Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗? 根据汉语提示完成句子 ①He 　 　 work hard.他必须努力工作。  ②He 　 　 walk home.他不得不步行回家。  ③Li Hong 　 　 lose her way.李红可能迷路了。  ④He 　 　 be in the room.他不可能在房间里。  ⑤He 　 　 write when he was five years old. 他五岁时就会写字。 ⑥　 　 I borrow your pen?我可以借用你的钢笔吗?  ⑦—May I go home now?我现在可以回家了吗? —No,you 　 　.不,你不可以。  ⑧You’d better 　 　 TV every day.  你最好不要每天看电视。 二．知识拓展 情态动词辨析 1.can和be able to can和be able to表示能力时用法相同,can可用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could),be able to可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如: Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。 We will be able to come back next week.我们下周能回来。 2.can和may表示可能性时的区别 (1)在肯定句中,用may表示具体事情实际发生的可能性;用can表示客观的可能性。如: You had better ask the policeman.He may know.你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days.这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。 (2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can’t;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。如: Mr.Li can’t be in.He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。 3.must和have/has to must和have/has to的意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但have/has to是用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”;must用于表示主观看法,意为“必须”。如: We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong.我们必须问张红了。 We must work hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。 4.maybe和may be may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,用在句中;maybe为副词,意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps。如: He may be in the office.他可能在办公室。 Maybe you put the key in your pocket.也许你把钥匙放在口袋里了。 5.实义动词need和情态动词need 词性的判断常为难点,need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或构成否定;need后加doing表被动意义;若need后加do,则need为情态动词,用need提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn􀆳t。如: You needn’t come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。 根据中文提示填空 ①Let’s set out for Beijing before 5 a.m.Then we　 　(能够)get there before sunrise.  ②That man　 　(不可能)be Mr.Zhang.He has gone to Beijing on business.  ③I　 　(能,会)fly a kite at the age of five.  ④He 　 　(可能是)a student.I’m not sure.  ⑤My mother was badly ill yesterday,so I　 　(不得不)stay at home and looked after her.  一、填空题 1.Harry’s been driving all day—he　　　(一定)be tired.  二、单项选择 1.We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you 　　　 copy the article you need on the machine over there.  A.can B.must C.should D.would 2.—We’ve ordered too much food. I　　　eat any more.  —Never mind. Let’s take it home. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 3.—Mummy, the toys on TV are really fantastic. Will you buy me one? —OK. You 　　　 have one if you promise to put away your toys in time.  A.must B.can C.need D.should 4.There 　　　a girl singing next door. Can’t you hear her beautiful voice?  A.must be B.must have C.can’t be D.can’t have 5.—May I smoke here? —You’d better not. If you 　　　, please go to the smoking area.  A.must B.could C.may D.should 6.—Are you going to the rock concert? —I haven’t decided yet. I 　　　 watch the sea parade(阅兵) on TV.  A.must B.would C.should D.might 7.—Why are there so many people at the crossing? —Look!Two policemen and an ambulance are over there. I think there 　　　 be a traffic accident.  A.could B.can’t C.mustn’t D.must 8.—Will you read me a story, Mummy? —Dear, you 　　　 have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.  A.may B.need C.must D.should 9.—Is there a flight to London this evening? —There 　　　 be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.  A.must B.might C.can’t D.shouldn’t 10.You 　　　 take food into the reading room. It’s not allowed at school.  A.need B.needn’t C.must D.mustn’t 三 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 We may learn from the news that the world is hungry. Many people in poor areas don’t have enough food 1 (eat). In fact, our world is also thirsty. Water 2 (cover) nearly 3/4 of the Earth, but we are still short of water. About 97% of water on the Earth 3 (be) seawater and we can’t drink it or use it to water plants 4 (direct). People can only drink and use 3% of the water from rivers and lakes. What’s worse, we can’t 5 (use) all of that because of water pollution. Now we are facing a serious problem—we need more water. First, we need to learn how 6 (save) water. Then we need to find out ways to reuse water. Scientists have made a lot of 7 (study). The results 8 (show) that in many large 9 (city) and small villages, people all use water only once and then it runs to the sea or rivers. So we can reuse water. Last but not least, we should make full use of the seawater. Scientists are trying to solve the problem—collecting clean water from seawater. What we can do now is to save water and not to waste water. We cannot live long 10 (with) enough clean water. So let’s work together to do something. 四 All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 1 (be) very different. Some of them may surprise you. Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia, this day is on 2 second Sunday before Christmas. On that day, children sneak（溜）into their 3 （mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can’t get out of bed. Then they shout, “Mother’s Day, Mother’s Day! What will you pay 4 (get) away?” Then the mother gives 5 (they) small treats and presents as payment so that the kids “free” her. In China, they say that 6 (baby) are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their birthday on New Year’s Day because that’s when they grow a year 7 (old). Actual birthdays are 8 (usual) celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the “birthday boy” or “birthday girl” should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 9 they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol 10 long life. 五 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 The year 2022 is a big year for sports in China. That’s because it holds not only the twenty-fourth Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 1 (nineteen) Asian Games (亚运会) in Hangzhou. On August 6, 2018, the official emblem (会徽) for the Hangzhou Asian Games came out. The city 2 (win) the hosting right for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. It will be the third Chinese city 3 (hold) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010. The Asian Games first 4 (take) place in 1951. It is the 5 (large) sports event in Asia. It also means a lot to China. To make the Games a great 6 (successful), Chinese people worked hard to prepare. Beijing built a great number of 7 (road) and stadiums, including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Centre and Asian Games Village. The games helped the world 8 (see) China. For the 9 (come) 2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou has already started building sports playgrounds. And all the Games’ buildings will be 10 (friend) to the environment. 一 Orion Jean is a 10-year-old boy from Fort Worth, Texas. He is making a difference in the world with his acts of kindness. And these acts may change the lives of people he has helped. It all began after a student kindness competition last year where he gave encouraging words to share about taking the first step. "Kindness is a virtue(美德) we can all have, if we are willing to, "he said. "So why not start today? Because right now. it's what we need more than ever.” With the $500 prize money he won, Orion donated(捐赠） toys to a local children's hospital. Next, he helped prepare 100,000 meals for families in Texas. And now he wants to give books to kids who may not have them and plans to collect 500,000 books in a "race to kindness". Kherri Jean. Orion's mother, wrote on her Facebook page on July 31 that Orion has already collected over 120,000 books. “Today was one of my favorite days!" she said. “We had a‘Race to Kindness' free book fair for children and their parents. It was so great seeing kids looking for books they like and taking them home!” And even if he hasn't meet the goal of 500,000 books, Orion has done far more to put books into the hands of poor children than most." It's all about my moral responsibility（道德责任)to help people，"Orion said. “You know, it's my responsibility to be able to see these people who need help know that I can help them." 1.What did Orion do in the student kindness competition last year? 2.How many books does Orion still need to meet his goal of collecting books? 3.Why does Orion try to help others? 4.What do you think of Orion? 5. What is the best title of the passage? 二 Whether you’ve noticed it or not, fewer and fewer bees are around us now. About one quarter of the world’s 20,000 bee species (品种) have disappeared since 1990. There are many reasons for that, including too much use of pesticides (杀虫剂), loss of plants and human activities that damage (破坏) their living places. But the main reason is the climate change, which is changing the bees’ environments in a faster way than they are able to get used to. A map of where bees live across the world was just made by scientists from China and the US. To help people know about bees and protect them better, they tried to find out different species of bees in different areas. According to the map, there are more species of bees in the north half than in the south half of the earth, and more in dry warm areas than in wet forest areas. In fact, bees are important contributors to humans and the whole world. When bees are flying from one place to another, they are helping many plants to pollinate (授粉). In other words, without bees, fresh fruit and vegetables would be fewer and fewer around the world. Therefore, we human should make our efforts to protect bees. As for what to do to help, plant some plants to attract bees to your garden. If you see bees around you, take some photos and post them on the Internet so scientists can help find out where bees live and how bees move. We can come up with more ideas to save bee populations around the world. 1．How many bee species have disappeared since 1990? A．About 5,000. B．About 10,000. C．About 20,000. D．Over 20,000 . 2．Which is NOT a reason for the drop of bee population? A．Wide use of pesticides. B．Worse living places. C．The fast climate change. D．Fewer fresh fruit and vegetables. 3．Which does the bee map tell us? A．Bees like living in wet places. B．Bees are protected better than before. C．Where different bee species live. D．The south half of the earth has more bee species. 4．What does the underlined word “contributors” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Makers B．Helpers C．Finders D．Carriers 5．What is the last paragraph about? A．Ways of bee protection. B．Changes of bees’ living environment. C．Bee populations around the world. D．The importance of protecting bee species. 三 When I was in Grade 8, I had a heated argument（争吵）with my classmate, Tony. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson I learned that day. I believed that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrong and he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us a lesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and round object. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what color the object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white! “Clearly, it is black!” Another argument started between Tony and me, this time about the color of the object. The teacher told me to go and stand where Tony was standing and told him to go and stand where I was standing. We changed places, and then she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer, “White.” It was an object with two differently colored sides—from his side it was white, while from my side it was black. “Boys, now, what do you say?” The teacher smiled at us. Tony and I looked at each other for a while, and both laughed. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day:When you disagree with others, you’d better be in their shoes. That will help you look at the situation through their eyes, and truly understand their ideas and ways of thinking. 1．What did the teacher do at first? ________ A．She shouted at the boys. B．She walked out of the classroom. C．She brought the boys to her desk. D．She told us to change our places. 2．How did the writer feel when Tony answered “White” in paragraph 2? ________ A．Surprised. B．Pleased. C．Afraid. D．Satisfied. 3．Why did the writer give two different answers? ________ A．Because he was unfriendly to Tony. B．Because he changed his place with Tony. C．Because he began to get on well with Tony. D．Because he wanted to have another argument. 4．What would the writer probably do after this lesson? ________ A．He would forget the arguments. B．He might shake hands with Tony. C．He would sit in the front of the class. D．He would buy a pair of new shoes. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? ________ A．Think before you act. B．Many hands make light work. C．Look at things in another way. D．Great minds think the same. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 日清十考点+情态动词精讲 1.日清十考点 2.情态动词精讲 日清十考点 考点一 damage v.毁坏；破坏 damage n.(有形的)损坏；破坏；损失 【辨析】damage，destroy与harm damage 主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。 destroy 指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复。 harm 主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。 (1)大雨毁坏了许多房子。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Evidence shows that smoking________nearly every organ of the body. A. harms B. destroys C. damages (3)The earthquake destroyed the wholecity.地震毁了整座城市。 (1)The heavy rain damaged many houses.(2)A 考点二 frightened frighten frightening adj.惊吓的；害怕的 v.吓唬 adj.令人害怕的 (1) Don’t be________of darkness. I will stay with you. A.frightened B. nervous C.anxious (2) Do you know what I will do when something________ (frighten) me？ (3) It’s frightening to think it could happen again.想到此事可能再次发生就使人不寒而栗。 (1)A(2)frightens 考点三 discover v.发现；找到；发觉 discovery n.发现 【辨析】 discover与invent discover “发现”，discover的对象是一直存在且未被人们认识或发现的东西 invent “发明；创造”，invent的对象是创造以前没有的东西 (1)He went over the plans again and________ two mistakes. A. discovered B. invented C. discussed (2) She was shocked by the________(discover) that he had lied to her. (3) Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison invented the light bulb. 吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 (1)A(2)discovery 考点四 fear in fear fear fearful fearless n.害怕；惧怕 恐惧地；害怕地 v.害怕；畏惧 adj.担心；担忧；忧虑 adj.无畏的；大胆的 (1)他看见了一个影子，害怕地逃跑了。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) John is________ (fear) of the result. He thinks something bad will happen. (3)All his employees fear him.他所有的雇员都怕他。 (4)Parents are ever fearful for their children.父母总是为子女担忧。 (5)Only the selfless can be fearless.无私才能无畏。 (1)He saw a shadow and ran away in fear.(2)fearful 考点五 explain.v.解释；说明 explanation n.解释 (1)你能解释一下为什么你在这里吗？(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) I don’t believe your________(explain). (1)Can you explain why you are here?(2)explanation 考点六 prepare preparation prepare for prepare to do sth. v.使(自己)有准备 n.预备；准备 准备 准备做某事 (1)你是怎样为这个角色作准备的？(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Careful________(prepare) for the exam is necessary. (3)I was preparing to leave.我正准备离开。 (1)How did you prepare for the role? (2)preparation 考点七 wake—woke—woken wake sb. up awake v.叫醒；醒来 把某人唤醒 adj. 清醒的 v. 唤醒；(使)醒来 (1)I usually wake up at 6 in the morning.我通常早上6点醒来。 (2)His mother woke him up two hours ago.他的妈妈两个小时前把他唤醒了。 (3)He stayed awake at midnight.子夜他还没睡。 考点八 【辨析】 because of sth. 由于某事，后接名词、代词及名词性短语。常用来表示引起事件发生的直接原因。 because conj. 因为，后接从句，作原因状语从句，不与so连用。 (1)The spaceship was damaged because of a crash.因为碰撞，所以宇宙飞船受损。 (2) We had to stay at home because it rained heavily. 因为雨下得很大，我们不得不待在家。 考点九 hear sb. doing sth. hear sb. do sth. hear that hear from sb. 听见某人正在做某事 经常听见某人做某事/听见某人做了某事 听说 收到某人的来信 (1) I heard him singing last night.昨晚我听见他唱歌。 (2)I often hear him read English aloud in the morning.我经常听见他晨读英语。 (3) I hear that he comes from Japan. 我听说他来自日本。 (4)I heard from my brother last Monday.上星期一我收到我哥哥的来信。 考点十 since since refuse to do refuse sth. conj. 既然；由于 conj.& prep.自从……以来 拒绝做某事 拒绝某物 (1) Since everyone is here，we will have a meeting.既然大家到齐了，我们开会吧。 (2)He has lived here since he left New York.自从他离开纽约，他一直住在这里。 (3)He refused to leave his home.他拒绝离开他的家。 (4)He refused the job. 他拒绝这份工作。 语法精讲 一、情态动词的类型和特征 (一)情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must;can(could);may(might) 2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need;dare 3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will(would);shall(should) 4.具有情态动词某些特征的有:have to;had better;ought to (二)情态动词的特征 1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。 2.无人称和数的变化(have to例外,主语为第三人称单数时用has to)。如: He has to stay here.他得待在这里。 3.后接动词原形。如: She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。 二、情态动词的用法 1.can,could的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 can/could 表能力,意为“能,会” Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗? 表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句或疑问句中 He can’t be in the room. 他不可能在房间里。 could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会游泳。 注意:以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t。 2.may,might的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 may/might 表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中;might比may语气弱 He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。 表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t,不用may not,意为“不可以,不许,禁止”;might语气更婉转 —May I go now? —No,you mustn’t. ——我现在可以走了吗? ——不,不可以。 注意:can和may 均可用来表示征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。 3.must的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 must 表示“必须” I must go now. 我现在必须走。 表示推测,意为“一定”,一般用于肯定句 —There’s someone knocking on the door. —It must be Jim. ——有人在敲门。 ——肯定是吉姆。 以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要,不必”,而不能用mustn’t —Must I finish the work today? —No,you needn’t. ——我今天必须完成这项工作吗? ——不,你不必。 注意:在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can表示推测,否定句中也可用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而can’t 表示“不可能”。在否定句中,mustn’t表示禁止,意为“不允许”。 4.need的用法 need既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。 动词 意义及用法说明 例句 need 情态动词 没有人称和数的变化,直接接动词原形,可用于否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时不用助动词 He needn’t do it. 他不需要做那件事。 用need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t —Need I hand in my homework now? —Yes,you must./No,you needn’t. ——我有必要现在就交作业吗? ——是的,你必须交。/不,你不必。 实义动词 有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do,does,did He doesn’t need to do it. 他不需要做那件事。 need作实义动词时,还可表示“需要”,后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 The floor needs sweeping. =The floor needs to be swept. 这地需要打扫了。 5.shall(should),will(would)的用法 情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 shall 用于第一人称时,表示征求意见、询问,用于第二、三人称时,表示警告、命令、允诺等 Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗? Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃午饭好吗? You shall hand in your papers when the bell rings.铃响时,你们要上交试卷。 should 常用来表示义务、责任 We should obey traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。 will 表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿” Will you pass me the book? 你能把那本书递给我吗? We will do anything for you. 我们愿意为你做任何事。 would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问 Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗? 根据汉语提示完成句子 ①He 　must　 work hard.他必须努力工作。  ②He 　has to　 walk home.他不得不步行回家。  ③Li Hong 　may　 lose her way.李红可能迷路了。  ④He 　can’t　 be in the room.他不可能在房间里。  ⑤He 　could　 write when he was five years old.  他五岁时就会写字。 ⑥　May　 I borrow your pen?我可以借用你的钢笔吗?  ⑦—May I go home now?我现在可以回家了吗? —No,you 　mustn’t/can’t　.不,你不可以。  ⑧You’d better 　not watch　 TV every day.  你最好不要每天看电视。 二．知识拓展 情态动词辨析 1.can和be able to can和be able to表示能力时用法相同,can可用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could),be able to可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如: Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。 We will be able to come back next week.我们下周能回来。 2.can和may表示可能性时的区别 (1)在肯定句中,用may表示具体事情实际发生的可能性;用can表示客观的可能性。如: You had better ask the policeman.He may know.你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days.这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。 (2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can’t;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。如: Mr.Li can’t be in.He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。 3.must和have/has to must和have/has to的意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但have/has to是用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”;must用于表示主观看法,意为“必须”。如: We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong.我们必须问张红了。 We must work hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。 4.maybe和may be may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,用在句中;maybe为副词,意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps。如: He may be in the office.他可能在办公室。 Maybe you put the key in your pocket.也许你把钥匙放在口袋里了。 5.实义动词need和情态动词need 词性的判断常为难点,need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或构成否定;need后加doing表被动意义;若need后加do,则need为情态动词,用need提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn􀆳t。如: You needn’t come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。 根据中文提示填空 ①Let’s set out for Beijing before 5 a.m.Then we　will be able to　(能够)get there before sunrise.  ②That man　can’t　(不可能)be Mr.Zhang.He has gone to Beijing on business.  ③I　could/was able to　(能,会)fly a kite at the age of five.  ④He 　may be　(可能是)a student.I’m not sure.  ⑤My mother was badly ill yesterday,so I　had to　(不得不)stay at home and looked after her.  一、填空题 1.Harry’s been driving all day—he　　　(一定)be tired.  【答案】must　句意:——哈里整天都在开车——他一定很累了。本题考查情态动词。根据语境可知表示肯定的推测,因此答案是must。 二、单项选择 1.We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you 　　　 copy the article you need on the machine over there.  A.can B.must C.should D.would 【答案】A　 【解析】句意:我们不允许把杂志带出去,但是你可以在那边的机器上复印你需要的文章。本题考查情态动词。A选项意为“能,可以”;B选项意为“必须”;C选项意为“应该”;D选项意为“将,将会”。由句意可知本题选择A。 2.—We’ve ordered too much food. I　　　eat any more.  —Never mind. Let’s take it home. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】A　 【解析】句意:——我们已经点了太多的食物。我不能再吃了。——不要紧。让我们把它带回家。本题考查情态动词辨析。Can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知选择A项。 3.—Mummy, the toys on TV are really fantastic. Will you buy me one? —OK. You 　　　 have one if you promise to put away your toys in time.  A.must B.can C.need D.should 【答案】B　 【解析】句意:——妈妈,电视上的玩具真的很棒。你能给我买一个吗?——好的。如果你答应把你的玩具及时收拾好,你可以有一个。本题考查情态动词辨析。 4.There 　　　a girl singing next door. Can’t you hear her beautiful voice?  A.must be B.must have C.can’t be D.can’t have 【答案】A　 【解析】句意:隔壁一定有个女孩在唱歌。你没听到她美丽的声音吗?本题考查情态动词。There must be...肯定有,根据第二句可推测出答案为A。 5.—May I smoke here? —You’d better not. If you 　　　, please go to the smoking area.  A.must B.could C.may D.should 【答案】A　 【解析】句意:——我可以在这儿抽烟吗?——你最好不要。如果你非得抽的话,请去抽烟区。本题考查情态动词。must非得,根据句意可知选A。 6.—Are you going to the rock concert? —I haven’t decided yet. I 　　　 watch the sea parade(阅兵) on TV.  A.must B.would C.should D.might 【答案】D　 【解析】句意:——你要去摇滚音乐会吗?——我还没决定呢。我可能在电视上看海上阅兵仪式。本题考查情态动词。根据情景可知,说话者有看“演唱会” 和“海上阅兵仪式”两种选择,而他未做好最终决定,他的语气带有不确定性。must必须;would将会;should应该;might可能。只有might的语气最符合题意,故选D。 7.—Why are there so many people at the crossing? —Look!Two policemen and an ambulance are over there. I think there 　　　 be a traffic accident.  A.could B.can’t C.mustn’t D.must 【答案】D　 【解析】句意:——那个十字路口为什么那么多人?——看!那边还有两个警察和一辆救护车。我认为肯定发生交通事故了。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知选D。 8.—Will you read me a story, Mummy? —Dear, you 　　　 have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.  A.may B.need C.must D.should 【答案】A　 【解析】句意:——你会给我读个故事吗,妈妈? ——亲爱的,如果你尽快去睡觉的话,你可以听一个故事。本题考查情态动词。may可以;need需要;must必须;should应该。 9.—Is there a flight to London this evening? —There 　　　 be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.  A.must B.might C.can’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】B　 【解析】句意:——今晚有一个飞往伦敦的航班吗? ——有可能。我会打电话给机场查一下。本题考查情态动词。must 一定;might可能;can’t不可能;shouldn’t不应该。 10.You 　　　 take food into the reading room. It’s not allowed at school.  A.need B.needn’t C.must D.mustn’t 【答案】D　 【解析】句意:你不能把食物带入阅览室。在学校这是不允许的。由It’s not allowed at school.可知,这是禁止的行为。Mustn’t意为“禁止”,因此选择D项。 三 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 We may learn from the news that the world is hungry. Many people in poor areas don’t have enough food 1 (eat). In fact, our world is also thirsty. Water 2 (cover) nearly 3/4 of the Earth, but we are still short of water. About 97% of water on the Earth 3 (be) seawater and we can’t drink it or use it to water plants 4 (direct). People can only drink and use 3% of the water from rivers and lakes. What’s worse, we can’t 5 (use) all of that because of water pollution. Now we are facing a serious problem—we need more water. First, we need to learn how 6 (save) water. Then we need to find out ways to reuse water. Scientists have made a lot of 7 (study). The results 8 (show) that in many large 9 (city) and small villages, people all use water only once and then it runs to the sea or rivers. So we can reuse water. Last but not least, we should make full use of the seawater. Scientists are trying to solve the problem—collecting clean water from seawater. What we can do now is to save water and not to waste water. We cannot live long 10 (with) enough clean water. So let’s work together to do something. 【答案】1．to eat 2．covers 3．is 4．directly 5．use 6．to save 7．studies 8．show 9．cities 10．without 【导语】本文介绍了地球缺水的问题，以及我们应采取的方法。科学家正在努力想方法使用海水，我们现在要做的是节约用水，不要浪费水。 1．句意：许多贫困地区的人没有足够的食物吃。根据“Many people in poor areas don’t have enough food…”可知此处应是to do修饰food，故填to eat。 2．句意：水覆盖了几乎四分之三的地球，但是我们仍然缺水。根据“Water…nearly 3/4 of the Earth, but we are still short of water.”可知空格处应填动词，且全文是一般现在时，cover“覆盖”，主语为water，谓语动词要用单三形式，故填covers。 3．句意：地球上大约百分之九十七的水是海水，我们不能直接饮用或用来浇灌植物。根据“About 97% of water on the Earth”可知water是不可数名词，故谓语动词要用单数，故填is。 4．句意：地球上大约百分之九十七的水是海水，我们不能直接饮用或用来浇灌植物。根据“we can’t drink it or use it to water plants…”可知此处应填副词修饰drink和water两个动词，direct“直接的”，其副词为directly“直接地”，故填directly。 5．句意：更严重的是，因为水污染，我们不能使用所有水。情态动词can’t后需要加动词原形，故填use。 6．句意：首先，我们需要学习如何节约水。根据“we need to learn how…water.”可知此处应是how+to do“怎么做某事”，故填to save。 7．句意：科学家已经做了大量的研究。根据“Scientists have made a lot of…”可知此处study表示“研究”，是可数名词，由“a lot of”可知，此处要用复数形式，故填studies。 8．句意：结果表明在许多大城市和小乡村，人们都只使用一次水，然后它就流向大海或河流。根据“The results…that”可知此处应填动词，show“展示，表明”，全文是一般现在时，主语the results是复数，故动词用原形，故填show。 9．句意：结果表明在许多大城市和小乡村，人们都只使用一次水，然后它就流向大海或河流。many后加可数名词复数，故填cities。 10．句意：没有足够的干净水，我们活不长。根据“We cannot live long…enough clean water”可知，没有足够的干净水，我们活不长，without“没有”符合题意，故填without。 四 All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 1 (be) very different. Some of them may surprise you. Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia, this day is on 2 second Sunday before Christmas. On that day, children sneak（溜）into their 3 （mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can’t get out of bed. Then they shout, “Mother’s Day, Mother’s Day! What will you pay 4 (get) away?” Then the mother gives 5 (they) small treats and presents as payment so that the kids “free” her. In China, they say that 6 (baby) are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their birthday on New Year’s Day because that’s when they grow a year 7 (old). Actual birthdays are 8 (usual) celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the “birthday boy” or “birthday girl” should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 9 they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol 10 long life. 【答案】1．are/have been 2．the 3．mother’s 4．to get 5．them 6．babies 7．older 8．usually 9．as 10．of' 【分析】本文介绍了在特殊的日子里，一家人都会在一起庆祝。并举例说明母亲节和孩子的生日是如何庆祝的。 1．句意：现在的传统大不相同。根据“Some of them may surprise you.”可知，此处陈述一种事实，可以用一般现在时或现在完成时，主语是复数，因此be动词用are（一般现在时）或助动词用have（现在完成时）。故填are/have been。 2．句意：在塞尔维亚，这一天是圣诞节前的第二个星期天。空后的second是序数词，需用定冠词the。故填the。 3．句意：那一天，孩子们偷偷溜进妈妈的卧室，用丝带绑住妈妈的脚，让她不能下床。空后的bedroom是名词，此处需用名词所有格形式。故填mother’s。 4．句意：你要付多少钱才能脱身？分析句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式作付钱的目的。故填to get。 5．句意：然后母亲给他们一些小礼物作为报酬，这样孩子们就“解放”了她。此处是作动词give的宾语，需用宾格代词。故填them。 6．句意：在中国，人们说婴儿出生时只有一岁。此处是主语的位置，be动词是are，因此主语为复数。故填babies。 7．句意：之后，所有的孩子都在元旦庆祝生日，因为那是他们长大一岁的时候。分析语境可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，指到了元旦，孩子又长大了一岁。故填older。 8．句意：真正的生日通常是用一顿丰盛的家庭聚餐来庆祝的。空后的celebrated是动词，需用副词修饰。故填usually。 9．句意：传统上，“生日男孩”或“生日女孩”应该在嘴里塞满尽可能多的面条，然后吃。由“as many long noodles…they can”可知，此处考查as…as sb. can尽可能……。故填as。 10．句意：这是因为在中国文化中，长面条是长寿的象征。此处是a symbol of“……的象征”。故填of。 五 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 The year 2022 is a big year for sports in China. That’s because it holds not only the twenty-fourth Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 1 (nineteen) Asian Games (亚运会) in Hangzhou. On August 6, 2018, the official emblem (会徽) for the Hangzhou Asian Games came out. The city 2 (win) the hosting right for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. It will be the third Chinese city 3 (hold) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010. The Asian Games first 4 (take) place in 1951. It is the 5 (large) sports event in Asia. It also means a lot to China. To make the Games a great 6 (successful), Chinese people worked hard to prepare. Beijing built a great number of 7 (road) and stadiums, including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Centre and Asian Games Village. The games helped the world 8 (see) China. For the 9 (come) 2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou has already started building sports playgrounds. And all the Games’ buildings will be 10 (friend) to the environment. 【答案】1．nineteenth 2．won 3．to hold 4．took 5．largest 6．success 7．roads 8．see/to see 9．coming 10．friendly 【导语】本文讲述了2022年是中国体育的重要一年。这是因为中国不仅在北京举办了第24届冬奥会，而且还要在杭州举办了第19届亚运会。 1．句意：这是因为中国不仅在北京举办了第24届冬奥会，而且还要在杭州举办了第19届亚运会。此处是指第19届亚运会，应用序数词，故填nineteenth。 2．句意：2015年，这座城市赢得了2022年亚运会的主办权。win是动词， 动作已发生，应用一般过去时，故填won。 3．句意：这将是继1990年的北京和2010年的广州之后，第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。hold是动词，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to hold。 4．句意：亚运会于1951年首次举行。根据“1951”可知句子应用一般过去时，故填took。 5．句意：它是亚洲最大的体育赛事。根据“in Asia.”可知是在三者以上进行比较，应用最高级，故填largest。 6．句意：为了使奥运会取得圆满成功，中国人民付出了巨大的努力。great是形容词，所以空处应填名词success，故填success。 7．句意：北京修建了大量的道路和体育场馆，包括著名的北京奥林匹克体育中心和亚运村。road是可数名词，被a great number of修饰，应用复数，故填roads。 8．句意：奥运会让世界看到了中国。固定短语help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故填(to) see。 9．句意：为迎接即将到来的2022年亚运会，杭州已经开始建设体育场馆。come是动词，表示“来”，空后是名词，所以应用现在分词形式coming作定语修饰名词，故填coming。 10．句意：所有的奥运会建筑都将对环境友好。friend是名词，此处应用形容词作表语，故填friendly。 一 Orion Jean is a 10-year-old boy from Fort Worth, Texas. He is making a difference in the world with his acts of kindness. And these acts may change the lives of people he has helped. It all began after a student kindness competition last year where he gave encouraging words to share about taking the first step. "Kindness is a virtue(美德) we can all have, if we are willing to, "he said. "So why not start today? Because right now. it's what we need more than ever.” With the $500 prize money he won, Orion donated(捐赠） toys to a local children's hospital. Next, he helped prepare 100,000 meals for families in Texas. And now he wants to give books to kids who may not have them and plans to collect 500,000 books in a "race to kindness". Kherri Jean. Orion's mother, wrote on her Facebook page on July 31 that Orion has already collected over 120,000 books. “Today was one of my favorite days!" she said. “We had a‘Race to Kindness' free book fair for children and their parents. It was so great seeing kids looking for books they like and taking them home!” And even if he hasn't meet the goal of 500,000 books, Orion has done far more to put books into the hands of poor children than most." It's all about my moral responsibility（道德责任)to help people，"Orion said. “You know, it's my responsibility to be able to see these people who need help know that I can help them." 1.What did Orion do in the student kindness competition last year? 2.How many books does Orion still need to meet his goal of collecting books? 3.Why does Orion try to help others? 4.What do you think of Orion? 5. What is the best title of the passage? 长难句分析 原句：（最后一段最后一句）You know, it's my who responsibility to be able to see need help know that I can help them. 译文：要知道.我有责任让那些需要帮助的人知道我可以帮助他们。 分析：这是一个复合句。You know为插入语，主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语 to be able to...that I can help them，其中who need help为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 these people, that I can help them为that 引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。 译文 10岁男孩 Orion Jean来自得克萨斯州的沃斯堡。他正在用自己的善举改变世界。这些善举可能会改变他所帮助过的人的生活。 一切都始于去年的一次学生爱心竞赛，比赛中，他用令人鼓舞的话语，分享了他对迈出第一步的认识。“善良是一种美德，如果我们愿意的话，我们都可以拥有这种美德，”他说，“所以为什么不从今天开始呢?因为如今，我们比以往任何时候都更需要它。” 用赢得的500美元奖金，Orion向当地一家儿童医院捐赠了玩具。之后，他帮忙为得克萨斯州的家庭准备了10万份饭菜。而现在，他想把书送给那些可能没有书的孩子，他计划借助“奔向善良”收集50万本书。 7月31日，Orion的母亲Kherri Jean在她的脸书页面上写道，Orion已经收集到了超过12万本书。她说：“今天是我最喜欢的一天！”她说，“我们为孩子们和他们的父母举办了‘奔向善良’免费书展。看到孩子们寻找他们喜欢的书并把它们带回家，感觉真是太好了！” 虽然他还没有完成50万本书的目标，但Orion为把书送到贫困儿童手中已经做了很多，从这一点来看，他所做的远比大多数人多。“帮助他人是我的道德责任，”Orion说，“要知道，我有责任让那些需要帮助的人知道，我可以帮助他们。” 答案详析 1. He shared his encouraging words.。根据第二段第一句“It all began after a student kindness competition last year where he gave encouraging words to share about taking the first step.”可知知，他在比赛中分享了鼓舞人心的话。 2. 380,000.。根据第三段最后一句中的“plans to collect 500.000 books”以及第四段第一句中的“Orion has already collected over120,000 books”可知，他计划收集500 000 本书，目前已经收集了120000本，因此他还需要收集380000本才能达到目标。 3. Because he thinks it a duty for him to help those in need.。根据最后一段第二句中的“It's all about my moral responsibility to help people”可知，他认为帮助别人是自己的责任。 4. Kind-hearted/Warm-hearted。通读全文可知，Orion Jean在生活中总是尽力帮助别人，由此可推知，他是一个热心的人。 5. race to kindness。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个男孩通过“race to kindness”这个活动来帮助别人的故事。 二 Whether you’ve noticed it or not, fewer and fewer bees are around us now. About one quarter of the world’s 20,000 bee species (品种) have disappeared since 1990. There are many reasons for that, including too much use of pesticides (杀虫剂), loss of plants and human activities that damage (破坏) their living places. But the main reason is the climate change, which is changing the bees’ environments in a faster way than they are able to get used to. A map of where bees live across the world was just made by scientists from China and the US. To help people know about bees and protect them better, they tried to find out different species of bees in different areas. According to the map, there are more species of bees in the north half than in the south half of the earth, and more in dry warm areas than in wet forest areas. In fact, bees are important contributors to humans and the whole world. When bees are flying from one place to another, they are helping many plants to pollinate (授粉). In other words, without bees, fresh fruit and vegetables would be fewer and fewer around the world. Therefore, we human should make our efforts to protect bees. As for what to do to help, plant some plants to attract bees to your garden. If you see bees around you, take some photos and post them on the Internet so scientists can help find out where bees live and how bees move. We can come up with more ideas to save bee populations around the world. 1．How many bee species have disappeared since 1990? A．About 5,000. B．About 10,000. C．About 20,000. D．Over 20,000 . 2．Which is NOT a reason for the drop of bee population? A．Wide use of pesticides. B．Worse living places. C．The fast climate change. D．Fewer fresh fruit and vegetables. 3．Which does the bee map tell us? A．Bees like living in wet places. B．Bees are protected better than before. C．Where different bee species live. D．The south half of the earth has more bee species. 4．What does the underlined word “contributors” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Makers B．Helpers C．Finders D．Carriers 5．What is the last paragraph about? A．Ways of bee protection. B．Changes of bees’ living environment. C．Bee populations around the world. D．The importance of protecting bee species. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了蜜蜂越来越少的原因、蜜蜂的作用，以及为了保护蜜蜂我们应该怎样做。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“About one quarter of the world’s 20,000 bee species (品种) have disappeared since 1990.”可知，自1990年以来，世界20000种蜜蜂中约四分之一消失了，也就是大约5000种。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“There are many reasons for that, including too much use of pesticides (杀虫剂), loss of plants and human activities that damage (破坏) their living places. But the main reason is the climate change,”可知，蜜蜂数量下降的原因有：过多使用杀虫剂、植被的破坏、人类活动和气候变化。选项D“新鲜水果和蔬菜减少”没有提及，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A map of where bees live across the world …find out different species of bees in different areas.”可知，根据蜜蜂地图我们可以找出不同地区不同种类的蜜蜂，选项C“蜜蜂地图告诉我们不同蜂种生活的地方。”正确，故选C。 4．词义猜测题。结合下文“When bees are flying from one place to another, they are helping many plants to pollinate (授粉).”可知此句“In fact, bees are important contributors to humans and the whole world.”句意是“事实上，蜜蜂是人类和整个世界的重要帮手。”故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“As for what to do to help, plant some plants to attract bees to your garden…We can come up with more ideas to save bee populations around the world.”可知，最后一段介绍了保护蜜蜂的方法。故选A。 三 When I was in Grade 8, I had a heated argument（争吵）with my classmate, Tony. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson I learned that day. I believed that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrong and he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us a lesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and round object. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what color the object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white! “Clearly, it is black!” Another argument started between Tony and me, this time about the color of the object. The teacher told me to go and stand where Tony was standing and told him to go and stand where I was standing. We changed places, and then she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer, “White.” It was an object with two differently colored sides—from his side it was white, while from my side it was black. “Boys, now, what do you say?” The teacher smiled at us. Tony and I looked at each other for a while, and both laughed. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day:When you disagree with others, you’d better be in their shoes. That will help you look at the situation through their eyes, and truly understand their ideas and ways of thinking. 1．What did the teacher do at first? ________ A．She shouted at the boys. B．She walked out of the classroom. C．She brought the boys to her desk. D．She told us to change our places. 2．How did the writer feel when Tony answered “White” in paragraph 2? ________ A．Surprised. B．Pleased. C．Afraid. D．Satisfied. 3．Why did the writer give two different answers? ________ A．Because he was unfriendly to Tony. B．Because he changed his place with Tony. C．Because he began to get on well with Tony. D．Because he wanted to have another argument. 4．What would the writer probably do after this lesson? ________ A．He would forget the arguments. B．He might shake hands with Tony. C．He would sit in the front of the class. D．He would buy a pair of new shoes. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? ________ A．Think before you act. B．Many hands make light work. C．Look at things in another way. D．Great minds think the same. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文讲述作者与一位同学一直争吵并且总认为对方有错。老师通过一件事让作者明白要想更好的理解别人的观点，最好站在别人的角度上。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us a lesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other.我们的老师, 一位善良聪明的女士，决定给我们上一课。她把我们带到教室前面，让他坐在桌子的一边，我坐在另一边。”可知，她把男孩们带到她的书桌前。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“I couldn’t believe he said the object was white!我不敢相信他说这个物体是白色的！”可推知，作者很惊讶。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The teacher told me to go and stand where Tony was standing and told him to go and stand where I was standing. We changed places, and then she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer, ‘White.’ It was an object with two differently colored sides—from his side it was white, while from my side it was black.老师叫我去站在托尼站的地方，并叫他去站在我站的地方。我们换了位置，现在她问我这个物体是什么颜色。我不得不回答，‘白色。’这是一个有两面颜色不同的物体——从他那一面看是白色的，而从我那一面看是黑色的。”可知，作者给出两个不同的答案是因为他和托尼换了位置。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Tony and I looked at each other for a while, and both laughed.托尼和我对视了一会儿，两人都笑了。”可推知，他们两个会握手言和。故选B。 5．标题归纳题。根据第三段“My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: When you disagree with others, you’d better be in their shoes. That will help you look at the situation through their eyes, and truly understand their ideas and ways of thinking.那天我的老师给我上了非常重要的一课：当你和别人意见不一致时，你最好站在他们的立场上。那将帮助你通过他们的眼睛看情况，并真正理解他们的想法和思维方式。”及全文可知，本文讲述作者与一位同学一直争吵并且总认为对方有错。老师通过一件事让作者明白要想更好的理解别人的观点，最好站在别人的角度上。故选C。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$