专题07 日清十考点+时态3（现在完成时）精讲-2024年八升九英语暑期无忧衔接

专题07 日清十考点+时态3（现在完成时）精讲 1.日清十考点 2.时态3（现在完成时）精讲 日清十考点 考点一 weight lose weight put on weight weigh n.重量 减肥 增加体重 v.重；称……的重量 (1)如果她要减肥就得少吃。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)A full-grown elephant can________ (weight) over 6，000 kilograms. 考点二 responsibility responsible be responsible for…… n.责任 adj.有责任的 对……承担责任 (1)他们承担了这次事故的责任。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)John is________(responsibility) for the building of the bridge. 考点三 choice have no choice but to do make a choice 【拓展】choose n.选择；抉择 除了……别无选择 做出选择 v.选择 (1)我除了离开别无选择。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) How do you________ (choice) your toothbrush？ (3)We each have to make a .我们每个人都必须做出选择。 考点四 【辨析】die of与die from die of 一般指由于疾病、情感等内部原因引起的死亡 die from 主要指事故、外伤等外部原因引起的死亡 (1)In the past，lots of people________hunger. A. died from B.died of C. died for (2) The soldier died a chest wound.那名战士因胸部受伤致死。 考点五 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 on one’s own = by oneself = alone 独自地 (one’s包括：my，your，his，her，its，our，their； oneself包括：myself，yourself，himself， herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves) 考点六 stay healthy意为“保持健康”。其中stay为系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语。此外，keep和remain也有相似的含义和用法。 We should eat more fruit and vegetables to .我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜以保持健康。 考点七 adj. /adv. + enough to do sth. “足够……做某事”。enough前通常使用形容词或副词。 (1)Tim is to go to school. Tim已经足够大可以去上学校了。 (2)Peter ran to catch the bus. Peter跑得足够快去追班车(公交车)。 考点八 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.句型中，形容词修饰的对象是句子中的逻辑主语，即of后的名词或代词，且大多是描述人物的性格、品质的形容词，如careless，clever，good，kind，nice， polite，silly等。 考点九 faithfully 由faith(n.) + ful (adj.) + ly (adv.)演变而成的 love you faithfully 动副搭配，即v. + adv.。副词常常修饰动词以说明动词的状态 bring you happiness 带给你快乐”，其原形词组为bring sb. sth.，也可写成bring sth. to sb. 考点十 what’s more “更有甚者”，表示对未表述完的事情作进一步的补充 it’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. “对某人来说做某事是……的” What’s more， people to protect the giant panda. 更重要的是，保护大熊猫对人们来说是必要的。 语法精讲 1.动词的基本形式变化表 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 2.巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式和过去分词) 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep -ell -old -old sell,tell -end -ent -ent lend,spend,send -ay -aid -aid say,pay -n -nt -nt burn,learn,mean 3.巧记ABC型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式,C代表过去分词) 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -oke -oken break,speak -eal -ole -olen steal -ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear -ow -ew -own grow,blow,know,throw -i- -a- -u- sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin -i- -o- -n drive,rise 4.巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词) 击中 受伤 让 吐痰 去掉 花费 读 放 切 hit hurt let spit rid cost read put cut 现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has 　 come to… has been here since (1990) (had) 　 left… (had) been away from… 　 　 　 arrived… 　 been in… 　 　 　 died 　 been dead 　 　 　 begun 　 been on 　 　 　 ended 　 been over 　 　 　 bought... 　 had… 　 　 　 borrowed… 　 kept… 　 　 　 joined… 　 been in … 　 或者使用下面这个句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; ( 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。 例如：We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。 例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven ’ t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 ) (2)have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 一．现在完成时 句型转换(每空一词) 1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I been to Macau before. 2.He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问) he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) he learned English ? 4.The factory opened ten years ago. (同义句) The factory since ten ago. 二．根据汉语意思完成句子 1.　 　 you ever　 　 fish and chips?  你曾经吃过炸鱼薯条吗? 2.I　 　 just　 　 my chemistry book.  我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3.I　 　 never　 　 that farm.  我从来没去过那个农场。 4.—　 　 you　 　 this film yet?  —Yes,I　 　.  ——你已经看过这部电影了吗? ——是,我看过了。 5.I　 this dictionary for 3 years. 我已经买这本词典三年了。 6.He　 　 here since he　 　 to Shanghai. 自从他搬到上海,他就住这儿了。 三．选择题 1.Mr. Smith 　　　Chinese for two years. He's much better at it now.  A.learns　　　 B.was learning C.has learned　　　 D.will learn 2.—Our computer is working again! —Yes. Our IT teacher 　　　it. It took him about an hour.  A.has fixed　　　 B.will fix C.is fixing　　　 D.was fixing 3.China 　　　great achievements in science and technology since 1978.  A.makes 　　　 B.made C.has made 　　　 D.is made 4.William 　　　six books, and all of them are bestsellers.  A.will write　　　 B.is writing C.has written　　　 D.was writing 5.The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I 　　　it several times so far.  A.watched　　　 B.watch C.have watched　　　 D.will watch 6.—What good books did you read recently? —I 　　　Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.  A.read　　　 B.am reading C.have read　　　 D.will read 7.avid Attenborough　　　40 documentaries over the past 67 years. A Life on Our Planet is his latest work.  A.makes　　　 B.made C.has made　　　 D.is making 8.I saw Julia in April and I 　　　her since then.   A.don't see　　　 B.didn't see C.won't see　　　 D.haven't seen 9.In the past 70 years,China　　　historic changes and made great achievements.  A.experienced　　　 B.has experienced C.experiences　　　 D.would experience 四 There are many important holidays in China. The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of them. It’s 1 important traditional festival in China. People always celebrate it on the 15th day in the 2 (eight) month of Chinese calendar. At that time, the moon is the fullest and 3 (bright). The festival started in China about 3,000 years ago and 4 (be) a popular tradition already. 5 nobody knows the reason for the beginning of the festival, there are some stories about it. Story 1: Harvest Chinese used the moon 6 a calendar for harvest. The full moon meant the end of the summer harvest. At that time farmers would get together and eat delicious moon cakes. Story 2: War During Yuan Dynasty, some bad men took over China and treated the Chinese badly. To fight against them, the Chinese planned 7 (send) moon cakes to every person. They put paper messages into the center of the moon cakes. They named the time and places to beat the bad men. Story 3: Moon lady The story of the lady on the moon was described as a beautiful woman 8 (name) Chang’e. She lived in the cold palace on the moon by 9 (she). At the Mid-Autumn Festival, people can see her beauty 40 (clear). Today people often celebrate it with family and friends. People will have a family dinner and eat moon cakes. 五 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整。 We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it is 1 (harm) to our environment. In fact, we can do something to help. Even the 2 (simple) everyday activities can make a real 3 (different) to the environment. Here are some ideas for you 4 (live) a green life. Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and 5 (reduce) pollution. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary. When we do buy things, please 6 (choose) local products (产品) if possible, and try not to buy too many things from foreign 7 (country). Reuse means “use again”. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of 8 (they) so that they will last. Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than 9 (throw) things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products 10 (make) from recycled materials. 一 bad, give, actual, while, serious, take, person, as, age, satisfy, spend, heavy Posting selfies(自拍照) online can be a fun way to share your life with your friends and family. But some people take their photos a bit too 1 and spend a lot of time editing(编辑）them. This not only presents a" fake” image of those people to the world, but can even make people feel 2 about themselves. Researchers in Australia did a study in which 130 women 3 from 18 to 30 were asked to look at different photos. Some of the photos showed thin women, 4 others showed average-sized women. Afterward, the women were asked to take a selfie with an iPad and were then 5 10 minutes to edit the selfie. The women were also asked about their 6 dissatisfaction with their bodies and faces several times during the experiment—before and after viewing their images, and after editing their selfies. The researchers' findings showed that the longer the women 7 in editing and posting their selfies, the more likely they were to have negative(消极的)feelings about their own appearance. Also, the 8 edited the photos were, the more likely it was that the women were dissatisfied with their appearance. People are often pressured to present the best picture of themselves. This in turn creates greater stress 9 they edit their photos to“ perfection”, while they themselves don't 10 change. according to Professor Marika Tiggemann, one of the researchers. The findings show the difficulties people face when they're using social media. 二 It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs. But this isn’t accepted by all people. Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education. In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone. Even languages and mathematics need not be taught in detail (详细地), either. Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living. Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of all take an interest in the world. I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason. 1．People with little education usually ________. A．spend a long time in school B．have a good chance to get a job C．spend the best years to choose jobs D．have fewer chances to get a good job 2．One of the earliest reasons of education was probably to ________. A．make a man lead a better life B．teach a man to write and think C．make people get a way of living D．teach people to read good books 3．The underlined word “well-rounded” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．圆满的 B．崭新的 C．公平的 D．全面的 4．It is expected that educated people will be able to ________. A．accept education as a way of living B．take an interest in the world C．develop their abilities to make plays D．learn subjects like language and mathematics 5．The passage mainly tells us that ________. A．education should make a man improve B．people can get education in a short time C．people should be able to get better paying jobs D．all subjects are so important for a way of living 二 It is hard to imagine a place that’s more dangerous than Death Valley. Death Valley is the hottest and the driest place in North America.     Death Valley isn’t an easy place to live in. It gets less than two feet of rain a year and it’s hot, too. In July, temperature often reaches over 46℃. There is even a lake that has turned into salt crystals (晶体). But it is cold at night. When it gets cold enough, the water on the ground will turn into very thin ice. Then the strong wind — like a large hand — can move the rocks along the icy ground. That is why the rocks can “walk” on their own in Death Valley.     Although the weather condition in Death Valley is terrible, there is still filled with lives. Nothing can stop plants and animals from making it their home. People have found more than 1,000 kinds of plants there. It also has 51 kinds of mammals (哺乳动物), 6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds. The animals aren’t all small, either. Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives here. Some plants have roots (根部) that go fifty feet under the ground to find water. Kangaroo rats get the water they need from flowers.      Death Valley really creates a lot of surprising! 1．Death Valley gets ________ of rain a year. A．two feet B．fifty-one feet C．at least two feet D．less than two feet 2．The most difficult thing in Death Valley is to find ________. A．water B．food C．animals D．plants 3．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to (指代) “________”. A．a lake B．Death Valley C．the strong wind D．the weather condition 4．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．the writer dislikes Death Valley B．some animals are large in Death Valley C．the plants do not have long roots D．Rocks sometimes move in the afternoon 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．The hard life in Death Valley B．A dangerous place — Death Valley C．The facts about Death Valley D．Moving rocks in Death Valley ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 日清十考点+时态3（现在完成时）精讲 1.日清十考点 2.时态3（现在完成时）精讲 日清十考点 考点一 weight lose weight put on weight weigh n.重量 减肥 增加体重 v.重；称……的重量 (1)如果她要减肥就得少吃。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)A full-grown elephant can________ (weight) over 6，000 kilograms. (1)She shall eat less if she wants to lose weight. (2)weigh 考点二 responsibility responsible be responsible for…… n.责任 adj.有责任的 对……承担责任 (1)他们承担了这次事故的责任。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)John is________(responsibility) for the building of the bridge. (1)They accepted/took responsibility for the accident. (2)responsible 考点三 choice have no choice but to do make a choice 【拓展】choose n.选择；抉择 除了……别无选择 做出选择 v.选择 (1)我除了离开别无选择。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) How do you________ (choice) your toothbrush？ (3)We each have to make a choice.我们每个人都必须做出选择。 (1)I have no choice but to leave.(2)choose 考点四 【辨析】die of与die from die of 一般指由于疾病、情感等内部原因引起的死亡 die from 主要指事故、外伤等外部原因引起的死亡 (1)In the past，lots of people________hunger. A. died from B.died of C. died for (2) The soldier died from a chest wound.那名战士因胸部受伤致死。 B 考点五 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 on one’s own = by oneself = alone 独自地 (one’s包括：my，your，his，her，its，our，their； oneself包括：myself，yourself，himself， herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves) 考点六 stay healthy意为“保持健康”。其中stay为系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语。此外，keep和remain也有相似的含义和用法。 We should eat more fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜以保持健康。 考点七 adj. /adv. + enough to do sth. “足够……做某事”。enough前通常使用形容词或副词。 (1)Tim is old enough to go to school. Tim已经足够大可以去上学校了。 (2)Peter ran fast enough to catch the bus. Peter跑得足够快去追班车(公交车)。 考点八 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.句型中，形容词修饰的对象是句子中的逻辑主语，即of后的名词或代词，且大多是描述人物的性格、品质的形容词，如careless，clever，good，kind，nice， polite，silly等。 考点九 faithfully 由faith(n.) + ful (adj.) + ly (adv.)演变而成的 love you faithfully 动副搭配，即v. + adv.。副词常常修饰动词以说明动词的状态 bring you happiness 带给你快乐”，其原形词组为bring sb. sth.，也可写成bring sth. to sb. 考点十 what’s more “更有甚者”，表示对未表述完的事情作进一步的补充 it’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. “对某人来说做某事是……的” What’s more，it’s necessary for people to protect the giant panda. 更重要的是，保护大熊猫对人们来说是必要的。 语法精讲 1.动词的基本形式变化表 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 2.巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式和过去分词) 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep -ell -old -old sell,tell -end -ent -ent lend,spend,send -ay -aid -aid say,pay -n -nt -nt burn,learn,mean 3.巧记ABC型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式,C代表过去分词) 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -oke -oken break,speak -eal -ole -olen steal -ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear -ow -ew -own grow,blow,know,throw -i- -a- -u- sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin -i- -o- -n drive,rise 4.巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词) 击中 受伤 让 吐痰 去掉 花费 读 放 切 hit hurt let spit rid cost read put cut 现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has 　 come to… has been here since (1990) (had) 　 left… (had) been away from… 　 　 　 arrived… 　 been in… 　 　 　 died 　 been dead 　 　 　 begun 　 been on 　 　 　 ended 　 been over 　 　 　 bought... 　 had… 　 　 　 borrowed… 　 kept… 　 　 　 joined… 　 been in … 　 或者使用下面这个句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; ( 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。 例如：We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。 例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven ’ t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 ) (2)have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 一．现在完成时 句型转换(每空一词) 1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I have not been to Macau before. 2.He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问) Why hasn’t he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) How long has he learned English ? 4.The factory opened ten years ago. (同义句) The factory has opened since ten ago. 二．根据汉语意思完成句子 1.　Have　 you ever　eaten　 fish and chips?  你曾经吃过炸鱼薯条吗? 2.I　have　 just　lost　 my chemistry book.  我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3.I　have　 never　been to　 that farm.  我从来没去过那个农场。 4.—　Have　 you　seen　 this film yet?  —Yes,I　have　.  ——你已经看过这部电影了吗? ——是,我看过了。 5.I　have had　 this dictionary for 3 years. 我已经买这本词典三年了。 6.He　has lived　 here since he　moved　 to Shanghai. 自从他搬到上海,他就住这儿了。 三．选择题 1.Mr. Smith 　　　Chinese for two years. He's much better at it now.  A.learns　　　 B.was learning C.has learned　　　 D.will learn 答案　C　句意:史密斯先生学汉语已经两年了。他现在汉语水平更高了。本题考查动词的时态。由句子的时间状语for two years可知,设空处应用现在完成时,故选C。 2.—Our computer is working again! —Yes. Our IT teacher 　　　it. It took him about an hour.  A.has fixed　　　 B.will fix C.is fixing　　　 D.was fixing 答案　A　句意:——我们的电脑又工作了!——是的。我们的信息技术老师已经把它修好了。他花了大约一小时。本题考查动词时态。根据is working again可知,电脑已经修好了。故此处用现在完成时,选A。 3.China 　　　great achievements in science and technology since 1978.  A.makes 　　　 B.made C.has made 　　　 D.is made 答案　C　由since 1978可知使用现在完成时。故答案是C。 4.William 　　　six books, and all of them are bestsellers.  A.will write　　　 B.is writing C.has written　　　 D.was writing 答案　C　本题考查现在完成时。由后半句中的all of them are bestsellers可知,这六本书都在过去写完了,对现在造成的影响是很畅销,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”。故答案为C。 5.The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I 　　　it several times so far.  A.watched　　　 B.watch C.have watched　　　 D.will watch 答案　C　句意:《塑料海洋》这部纪录片如此令人震撼,以至于到现在为止我已经看了好几遍了。本题考查现在完成时态。根据时间状语so far及several times可知,此空应用现在完成时态。故选C。 6.—What good books did you read recently? —I 　　　Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.  A.read　　　 B.am reading C.have read　　　 D.will read 答案　C　本题考查动词时态。根据时间状语since last year可知用现在完成时。故选C。 7.avid Attenborough　　　40 documentaries over the past 67 years. A Life on Our Planet is his latest work.  A.makes　　　 B.made C.has made　　　 D.is making 答案　C　句意:大卫·爱登堡在过去的67年里制作了40部纪录片,《地球上的一段生命旅程》是他最近的作品。本题考查动词的时态。根据over the past 67 years可知,此句应用现在完成时态,故选C。 8.I saw Julia in April and I 　　　her since then.   A.don't see　　　 B.didn't see C.won't see　　　 D.haven't seen 答案　D　本题考查现在完成时。根据题中的时间状语since then可知,此句用现在完成时。故选D。 9.In the past 70 years,China　　　historic changes and made great achievements.  A.experienced　　　 B.has experienced C.experiences　　　 D.would experience 答案　B　句意:在过去的70年间,中国经历了历史性的转变并且取得了伟大的成就。本题考查动词的时态。本句时间状语In the past 70 years意为“在过去的70年间”,是现在完成时的标志,由此可知本题选择B。 四 There are many important holidays in China. The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of them. It’s 1 important traditional festival in China. People always celebrate it on the 15th day in the 2 (eight) month of Chinese calendar. At that time, the moon is the fullest and 3 (bright). The festival started in China about 3,000 years ago and 4 (be) a popular tradition already. 5 nobody knows the reason for the beginning of the festival, there are some stories about it. Story 1: Harvest Chinese used the moon 6 a calendar for harvest. The full moon meant the end of the summer harvest. At that time farmers would get together and eat delicious moon cakes. Story 2: War During Yuan Dynasty, some bad men took over China and treated the Chinese badly. To fight against them, the Chinese planned 7 (send) moon cakes to every person. They put paper messages into the center of the moon cakes. They named the time and places to beat the bad men. Story 3: Moon lady The story of the lady on the moon was described as a beautiful woman 8 (name) Chang’e. She lived in the cold palace on the moon by 9 (she). At the Mid-Autumn Festival, people can see her beauty 40 (clear). Today people often celebrate it with family and friends. People will have a family dinner and eat moon cakes. 【答案】1．an 2．eighth 3．brightest 4．has been 5．Though/Although 6．as 7．to send 8．named 9．herself 10．clearly 【导语】本文介绍的是中国很重要的节日中秋节、中国人怎样过中秋节以及关于中秋节的故事等。 1．句意：这是中国一个重要的传统节日。根据“It’s…important traditional festival”可知，此处表示泛指，应该填不定冠词a/an，important以元音音素开头，不定冠词an符合题意。故填an。 2．句意：人们总是在农历八月十五庆庆祝它。根据“on the 15th day in the…(eight) month”可知，空前有定冠词the，故此空用eight的序数词eighth，表示顺序。故填eighth。 3．句意：在那个时候，月亮是最圆最亮的。根据“fullest and…”以及and连接并列成分可知，空处应该填bright的最高级brightest。故填brightest。 4．句意：这个节日始于大约3000年前的中国，已经是一个流行的传统。根据“already”可知，此处为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语The festival是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 5．句意：虽然没有人知道这个节日开始的原因，但有一些关于它的故事。根据“…nobody knows the reason for the beginning of the festival, there are some stories about it.”可知，此处应该用though/although引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Though/Although。 6．句意：中国人用月亮作为丰收的日历。根据“…a calendar for harvest”可知，中国人用月亮作为丰收的日历，as“作为”符合题意。故填as。 7．句意：为了对抗他们，中国人计划给每个人发月饼。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”。故填to send。 8．句意：月亮上那位女士的故事被描述为一位名叫嫦娥的美丽女子。根据“a beautiful woman …(name) Chang’e”可知，这位漂亮的女人被叫做嫦娥，应该用动词的过去分词作定语。故填named。 9．句意：她一个人住在月亮上的冷宫里。根据“She lived in the cold palace on the moon by…”可知，她一个人住在月亮上的冷宫里，by oneself“独自地，单独”，she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。 10．句意：在中秋节，人们可以清楚地看到她的美丽。此空修饰动词see，应该用clear的副词clearly“清楚地”。故填clearly。 五 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整。 We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it is 1 (harm) to our environment. In fact, we can do something to help. Even the 2 (simple) everyday activities can make a real 3 (different) to the environment. Here are some ideas for you 4 (live) a green life. Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and 5 (reduce) pollution. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary. When we do buy things, please 6 (choose) local products (产品) if possible, and try not to buy too many things from foreign 7 (country). Reuse means “use again”. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of 8 (they) so that they will last. Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than 9 (throw) things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products 10 (make) from recycled materials. 【答案】1．harmful 2．simplest 3．difference 4．to live 5．reduces 6．choose 7．countries 8．them 9．throwing 10．made 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们在日常生活中如何做才环保。 1．句意：我们都需要一个健康的环境，但我们每天都会产生废物，这对我们的环境有害。根据“we produce waste”可知，废弃物对环境有害，固定短语be harmful to“对……有害”，故填harmful。 2．句意：即使是最简单的日常活动也能对环境产生真正的影响。simple是形容词，作定语，空前有the可知应用最高级，故填simplest。 3．句意：即使是最简单的日常活动也能对环境产生真正的影响。make a difference to“对……产生影响”，固定搭配。故填difference。 4．句意：这里有一些让你过上绿色生活的建议。live“生活”是动词，此处应用动词不定式作定语，故填to live。 5．句意：这样既省钱又减少污染。and连接两个并列结构，前后动词时态人称一致，saves是三单形式，所以reduce也用三单形式，故填reduces。 6．句意：当我们购买东西时，如果可能的话，请选择当地产品，尽量不要购买太多国外的东西。分析句子可知，此处是表示建议的祈使句，动词应用原形，故填choose。 7．句意：当我们购买东西时，如果可能的话，请选择当地产品，尽量不要购买太多国外的东西。country“国家”是可数名词，用复数表示泛指，country的复数是countries。故填countries。 8．句意：我们应该照料它们，这样它们才会长久。介词of后接人称代词时用宾格，they对应的宾格是them。故填them。 9．句意：虽然把东西变成别的东西需要能量，但总比扔掉或烧掉要好。than是介词，后加动名词作宾语，故填throwing。 10．句意：我们还应该购买由回收材料制成的产品。该句中谓语动词是buy，该空应填非谓语形式，make与逻辑主语products之间是被动关系，用过去分词made表示被动含义。故填made。 一 bad, give, actual, while, serious, take, person, as, age, satisfy, spend, heavy Posting selfies(自拍照) online can be a fun way to share your life with your friends and family. But some people take their photos a bit too 1 and spend a lot of time editing(编辑）them. This not only presents a" fake” image of those people to the world, but can even make people feel 2 about themselves. Researchers in Australia did a study in which 130 women 3 from 18 to 30 were asked to look at different photos. Some of the photos showed thin women, 4 others showed average-sized women. Afterward, the women were asked to take a selfie with an iPad and were then 5 10 minutes to edit the selfie. The women were also asked about their 6 dissatisfaction with their bodies and faces several times during the experiment—before and after viewing their images, and after editing their selfies. The researchers' findings showed that the longer the women 7 in editing and posting their selfies, the more likely they were to have negative(消极的)feelings about their own appearance. Also, the 8 edited the photos were, the more likely it was that the women were dissatisfied with their appearance. People are often pressured to present the best picture of themselves. This in turn creates greater stress 9 they edit their photos to“ perfection”, while they themselves don't 10 change. according to Professor Marika Tiggemann, one of the researchers. The findings show the difficulties people face when they're using social media. 长难句分析 原句：(最后一段最后一句)The findings show the difficulties people face when they're using social media. 译文：研究结果显示了人们在使用社交媒体时所面临的困难。 分析：这是一个复合句。people face when they're using social media 为省略了引导词 that或which 的定语从句，修饰先行词the difficulties。 译文 在网上发布自拍照是一种与朋友和家人分享生活的有趣方式。但是有些人对自己的自拍照有点太过认真了，他们花很多时间来修图。这样做不仅向外界展示了他们的“虚假”形象，甚至还会让他们的自我感觉更加糟糕。 澳大利亚的研究人员做了一项研究，他们让130名18至30岁的女性看不同的照片。一些照片展示的是苗条的女性，而另一些照片展示的是中等身材的女性。 之后，这些女性被要求用iPad拍一张自拍，并被给予了10分钟的时间去修自拍照。在实验过程中，这些女性被多次问及她们个人对自己的身体和面部有哪些不满之处——看照片前后，以及修好照片之后。 研究人员的发现表明，女性花在修照片和发布自拍照上的时间越长，她们就越有可能对自己的外貌产生消极情绪。而且，照片修得程度越重，女性就越有可能对自己的外表感到不满。 研究人员之一，Marika Tiggemann教授表示，呈现出自己的最佳照片常常使人们倍感压力。这反过来又产生了更大的压力，因为她们把自己的照片修到“完美”，但她们自己实际上并没有变化。研究结果显示了人们在使用社交媒体时所面临的困难。 答案详析 1.seriously此处指一些人对待自己的照片太认真了，花费很多时间去修照片。所填词修饰动词take，故填serious的副词形式seriously。take...seriously意为“认真对待......”。 2. worse 此处指这不仅向世界展示了这些人的“假”形象，而且甚至能让人自我感觉更糟糕。根据语境可知，此处应用比较级，故填bad的比较级形式worse。 3.aged 此处指年龄在18岁到30岁的女性，故填aged。 4.while 一些照片展示的是苗条的女性，然而其他照片展示的是中等身材的女性。根据语境可知，空处前后两分句构成对比关系，故填连词while，意为“然而；而”。 5.given随后，这些女性被要求用平板电脑自拍，并被给予10分钟来修照片。此处应用被动语态，且空前已有were，故填give的过去分词given。 6.personal根据上文中的“make people feel 2 about themselves”可知，在实验中这些女性多次被问及她们个人对自己身体和面部的不满之处。所填词应为形容词，作定语，修饰名词dissatisfaction，故填person的形容词形式personal。 7.spent 研究结果表明，女性花在修照片和发布自拍上的时间越长，她们就越有可能对自己的外貌产生消极情绪。此处人作主语，时态为一般过去时，故填spend的过去式spent。 8.more heavily此处指照片修得越多，女性越有可能对自己的外貌感到不满意。副词修饰动词，且此处考查“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构，意为“越......就越......”，故填more heavily。 9.as 空后的“她们把照片修到‘完美’，然而她们并没有改变”为空前的“这相应地又造成了更大的压力”的原因，故填as来引导原因状语从句。 10. actually此处指她们本人实际上并不会有所变化，此处应用副词修饰动词change，故填actual的副词形式 actually。 二 It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs. But this isn’t accepted by all people. Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education. In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone. Even languages and mathematics need not be taught in detail (详细地), either. Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living. Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of all take an interest in the world. I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason. 1．People with little education usually ________. A．spend a long time in school B．have a good chance to get a job C．spend the best years to choose jobs D．have fewer chances to get a good job 2．One of the earliest reasons of education was probably to ________. A．make a man lead a better life B．teach a man to write and think C．make people get a way of living D．teach people to read good books 3．The underlined word “well-rounded” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．圆满的 B．崭新的 C．公平的 D．全面的 4．It is expected that educated people will be able to ________. A．accept education as a way of living B．take an interest in the world C．develop their abilities to make plays D．learn subjects like language and mathematics 5．The passage mainly tells us that ________. A．education should make a man improve B．people can get education in a short time C．people should be able to get better paying jobs D．all subjects are so important for a way of living 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了教育应该使人进步。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t.”可知，有高学历的人他们有更多的机会选择一份好工作，而那些几乎没有受过教育的人则没有。所以学历不高的人找一份好工作的机会更少，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.”可知，教育的最早原因之一是人仅仅为了一种生活方式。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.”可知，这不仅是教他说、读、写，也是培养他的创造性思维和其他能力，所以推断，教育是全面的。所以well-rounded的意思是“全面的”，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of all take an interest in the world.”可知，受过教育的人应该能够听好音乐，读好书，看戏剧，最重要的是对世界感兴趣。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.”（教育的目的似乎是让人们找到工作）、“Education is to make a man lead a better life.”（教育是为了使人过上更好的生活）和“I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.”（我同意，过上好日子是受教育的一个重要原因，但肯定不是最重要的或主要的原因）可知，本文主要告诉我们：教育应该使人进步，故选A。 二 It is hard to imagine a place that’s more dangerous than Death Valley. Death Valley is the hottest and the driest place in North America.     Death Valley isn’t an easy place to live in. It gets less than two feet of rain a year and it’s hot, too. In July, temperature often reaches over 46℃. There is even a lake that has turned into salt crystals (晶体). But it is cold at night. When it gets cold enough, the water on the ground will turn into very thin ice. Then the strong wind — like a large hand — can move the rocks along the icy ground. That is why the rocks can “walk” on their own in Death Valley.     Although the weather condition in Death Valley is terrible, there is still filled with lives. Nothing can stop plants and animals from making it their home. People have found more than 1,000 kinds of plants there. It also has 51 kinds of mammals (哺乳动物), 6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds. The animals aren’t all small, either. Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives here. Some plants have roots (根部) that go fifty feet under the ground to find water. Kangaroo rats get the water they need from flowers.      Death Valley really creates a lot of surprising! 1．Death Valley gets ________ of rain a year. A．two feet B．fifty-one feet C．at least two feet D．less than two feet 2．The most difficult thing in Death Valley is to find ________. A．water B．food C．animals D．plants 3．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to (指代) “________”. A．a lake B．Death Valley C．the strong wind D．the weather condition 4．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．the writer dislikes Death Valley B．some animals are large in Death Valley C．the plants do not have long roots D．Rocks sometimes move in the afternoon 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．The hard life in Death Valley B．A dangerous place — Death Valley C．The facts about Death Valley D．Moving rocks in Death Valley 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了死亡谷的气候以及生存在这里的动植物。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It gets less than two feet of rain a year and it’s hot, too.”可知，死亡谷一年的降雨量不到两英尺。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives here.”可知，在死亡谷最难的事情就是找到水，故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Nothing can stop plants and animals from making it their home.”可知，it应指代前面提到过的事物，且为一个地方。结合前文“Although the weather condition in Death Valley is terrible, there is still filled with lives.”可知，it指代的应是Death Valley，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The animals aren’t all small, either.”可知，在死亡谷的动物也不全是小动物，即：死亡谷里有些动物很大。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了死亡谷的气候以及生存在这里的动植物，即：关于死亡谷的事实。故选C。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$