Unit 1 People of Achievement 第2课时 Discover Useful Structures（教学课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

Relative Clause---Non-restrictive relative clauses 新人教版高中英语选择性必修一Unit1 People of achievement Discover Useful Structures 1 2024/6/14 1. Review the structure of relative clause. 2. Focus on features of non-restrictive clause. 3. Freely use non-restrictive relative clause to exercises. Learning Objectives 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 关系词：引导定语从句的词 He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 定语从句 先行词 关系代词 一、定语从句 在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句, 其作用相当于形容词。 定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 that(主语/宾语/表语), who(主语/宾语), whom(宾语), whose(定语), as(主语/宾语/表语) that, which(主语、宾语), whose, as where (地点状语) when (时间状语) why (原因状语) Ps: 关系词在从句中做状语时, 连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句的分类： 1. 限制性定语从句 它是对先行词作修饰、限制, 从句与主句的关系十分密切, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。 2. 非限制性定语从句 它是对先行词作附加补充说明, 从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。 His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week. People who take physical exercise regularly live longer. 1. 形式不同 二、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句: 与主句之间无逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句: 与主句之间有逗号隔开。 His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week. People who take physical exercise regularly live longer. He is the man who lives next to me. 他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me. 他是个热心肠的人, 住在我的隔壁。 2. 翻译不同 限制性定语从句: 一般先译从句, 后译先行词, 即把从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前, 译为“…的＋先行词”。 非限制性定语从句: 一般先译主句, 后译从句, 翻译成两个分句。 3. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句: 可以修饰名词或代词； 非限制性定语从句: 可以修饰名词或代词, 也可以修饰整个句子, Do you remember the man who taught us English? She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends. (非限制性定语从句, whom在从句中作宾语, 不能省略） 4. 关系词不同 在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词作宾语时可以省略； 在非限制性定语从句中, 所有关系词都不可省略。 三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 1. that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 在非限制性定语从句中, 用who, whom指代人, 用which 指代物。 She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 2. 非限制性定语从句表原因时, 不能用why引导, 而用for which代替why。 三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 They went to London, where they lived for six months. 3. 当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。 4. 当先行词是唯一亲属, 使用非限制性定语从句。 Professor Wang has a son, who works in Beijing. 三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 5. 当先行词指代整个主句内容时, 使用非限制性定语从句。 He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 6. most/each/few/some/any/none/both/all/neither/分数/百分数/数字 + of + which/whom Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 与主句之间______逗号隔开 与主句之间______逗号隔开 功能上 对先行词修饰、限制 对先行词补充说明 意义上 去掉后主句句意_______ 去掉后主句句意_______ 翻译上 先行词 关系词 不完整 不用 用 完整 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前 按句子顺序, 翻译成两个简单句 名词或代词 既可为名词或代词, 也可是整个主句 that/which/who/whom/whose/as/when /where/why 不能用that/why 关系代词作宾语可省略 所有关系词都不可省略 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 Example 1. Tu Youyou was adwarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.(指代the Nobel Prize) 屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖，这个奖被公认为是一个人所能获得的最高级别的国际荣誉之一。 2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.(指代 in Hainan) 屠呦呦去海南研究疟疾病人，在那里疟疾更普遍。 3. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (指代malaria patients) 后来，该药在疟疾病人身上测试了，他们大多数人痊愈了。 How to change into non-restrictive relative clauses? 如何变成非限制性定语从句？ 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where(=in Germany) Hitler was in power. He =? 我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。 Germany there = ? 后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。 Example 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. 她的? ___ _____ 我们帮不了Linda， 她的的境况超出了我们的控制。 = ? __ _______ 老师要求我们听他最喜爱的小说家J.K. 罗琳的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。 Practice 5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei -- a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-- a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. = ? _______ __ 这个正在建的楼是由美籍华人I.M. 裴所设计的，他生于中国广州。 = ? __ _____ ____ Practice Workbook--Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences. who whom which whose when where in / of / for which of whom 1 Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying. 2 Professor Lu, ________ you spoke to, specialises in constitutional law. 3 Please come back at four o’clock, ________ your herbal medicine will be ready. 4 What do you want to write about these people, ________ stories I have just told you? 5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display? 6 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course. 7 Her mother works in a company, ________ employees are all women. 8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both ________ can help you with collection and evaluation. which who(m) when whose where in which of whom of which in which where 19 Workbook-- Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary. 1 Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing. 2 As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention, that was not surprising at all. 3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties. 4 The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust. 5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need? 6 Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week? ∧ and (构成并列句) which (构成主从复合句) which (非限定性从句不能用that引导) √ that (去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句) that (what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all) that / which (引导词作visited的宾语，不能用副词) (若这样的植物只有成千上万种则用非限定性从句，若不止成千上万种，则用限定性从句) 1. ［全国新课标Ⅰ卷2024·64］The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 实战高考 2.［全国新课标Ⅱ卷2024·36］ Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 实战高考 3. ［全国甲2023·63］Yet，the form of the fable still has values today, _______Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” as 【解析】句意为：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明日的寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。as sb.says为固定句型，意为“正如某人所说”，as在此处引导非限制性定语从句故填as。 实战高考 4.［全国甲2023·64改编］“There was once a town in the heart of America _______all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. as 【解析】句意为：“从前在美国的中心有一个小镇，那里的万物似乎全都与其四周的环境和平共处，”她的寓言是这样开头的，并且从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，设空处前后都是完整的句子；设空处后的句子修饰限制前面的town，应是定语从句，先行词town 指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词 where。 实战高考 $$