考点01 句子成分与句子类型（掌握语法大骨架）-【全优新高考】2025届新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）

考点01 句子成分与句子类型（掌握语法大骨架） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：核心考点梳理：句子成分 模块三：核心考点梳理：句子类型 模块四：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A．主+谓   B．主+系+表   C．主+谓+宾   D．主+谓+宾+宾补   E.主+谓+双宾语 1．After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually tu med into full-on bright green leaves. 2．According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” 3．For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference. 4．Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. 5．In 2017, the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. 6．The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. 7．In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y. —Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. 8．After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. 9．The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. 10．In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. 模块二 核心考点梳理：句子成分 句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 　　 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） 　　 We often speak English in class.（代词） 　　 One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 　　 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） 　　 Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） 　　 The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） 　　 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） 　　 It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 　　 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 　　 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： 　　 Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 　　 Is it yours?（代词） 　　 The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 　　 The speech is exciting.（分词） 　　 Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） 　　 His job is to teach English.（不定式） 　　 His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） 　　 The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） 　　 Time is up. The class is over.（副词） 　　 The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 3. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 　　 They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） 　　 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词） 　　 How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） 　　 They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） 　　 He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） 　　 I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） 　　 I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 　　 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. 4. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： 　　His father named him Dongming.（名词） 　　They painted their boat white.（形容词） 　　Let the fresh air in.（副词） 　　You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） 　　We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） 　　We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 　　We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： 　　 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 　　 China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 　　 There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） 　　 His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） 　　 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） 　　 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） 　　 He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： 　　 Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） 　　 He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） 　　 He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） 　　 He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） 　　 Wait a minute.（名词） 　　 Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： 　　 How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） 　　 Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） 　　 I shall go there if it doesn't rain.（条件状语） 　　 Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） 　　 She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） 　　 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） 　　 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） 　　 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） 　　 She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） 　　 I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 7. 同位语：是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’） 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。 有时一个句子中会出现一种与全句没有语法关系的成分，被称之为独立成份。感叹语、呼语和插入语一般都充当独立成分。1、感叹语 感叹语不仅可以是惊叹词，也可以是名词、动词、副词；不仅可以是单词，它表示突然产生的感情，多置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。 Oh! What is that？ Silence! Father is sleeping. Look! Here is her letter. Quickly! It’s dangerous. In about ten minutes, OK? 2、呼语 呼语是说话人对听话人（或拟人化的东西）的称呼。 May I help you, madam？（已婚或单身女人） Waiter, four cups of tea, please. 3、插入语 插入语表示整个句子是怎样说的或应怎样理解；可以看作是句子的修饰语。插入语往往是插入句中的词语，偶尔也可放在句子末尾来加以强调或作为后加的意思。 The boy, I think, has come from the country. The boy has come from the country, I think. To be frank with you, I have no money to spare. I eat a lot of sweet things, for example, chocolate. 11．Generally (speak), it is impolite to inquire about women’s age and personal affairs in Western countries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Frankly (speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．You should tell your parents that you're fine, otherwise, they will be concerned you. （用适当的单词填空） 14．Due carelessness, your mistakes may have serious results. (用适当的词填空) 15．Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it ________ person. （用适当的词填空） 16．After he greeted his friend, they (begin) to talk. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17． (owe)to playing computer games too often, an increasing number of students develop short-sightedness. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，68) I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. 19．On the airplane, she (fasten) her seat belt and wondered what she would face. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．—May I ask for leave tomorrow?（用适当的代词填空） —No，you can’t. applying for the scholarship must be present. 21．Paulson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt (I),＂says Paulson.（所给词的适当形式填空） 22．Student performance will be judged the basis of degree examination results, theses and continuous assessment, following current university regulations. (用适当的词填空) 23．He made an （announce）that the president would come to our city. (所给词的适当形式填空） 24．A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is （I）”. 25．Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm (you) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．It is always the case that the police conducted an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who (commit) the offence. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．They (emphasis) that they have been kept busy their study and have no time to spare for the outdoor activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．It is no trouble at all; the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．Apple fans are (queue) outside the store to buy the new Apple iPhone 6 which will be on sale tomorrow.（所给词的适当形式填空） 30．We with academic stress now.(burden) 模块三 核心考点梳理：句子类型 一）英语句子按照其用途可分四种 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 二）英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有①状态类：be；②保持类：keep, remain, stay；③感官类：feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④表象类：seem, appear；⑤变化类：get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥终止类：prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. The sun was shining. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. They ate what was left over. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. I told him that the bus was late. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    4) I had the bike repaired.  5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.    注意： （1）后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint, think, consider, find等。（call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时，职位名词前不要冠词）例： We call him Tom for short． I made painting the house the project for the summer. （2）后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think, believe, feel, leave等。例如： She thought him kind and generous. We’d better keep the windows open． （3）动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况： 1. 后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, warn, encourage, allow, advise, 等。例： He told us to keep quiet in the hospital． David taught his brother to use the computer. 2. 后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为： 感官动词：五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at, witness)、 三个使役动词（make, let, have）、 两听(hear, listen to)、 一感觉（feel），变被动，to还原。例： Let me try again． I often hear her sing in the next room． She is often heard to sing in the next room. 感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较：     a. He saw a girl get on the bus.          b. He saw a girl getting on the bus.      3. help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如： My father often helps me(to) study English． （4）后跟分词形式作宾语补足语的动词有find, feel, get, make, leave, keep, have, hear, notice, see, watch等。 We found a man lying on the ground． He saw a woman’s wallet stolen yesterday. She couldn’t make herself heard above the noise of the traffic. （5）后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例： I’ll keep the words in my mind． I often find him at work. 由 as 构成的短语作宾补:常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…as, think of…as等。例： They treat me as their daughter. 6) there be 句型：表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。谓语动词单复数采用就近原则。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’t there?或aren’t there?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。 a. There is a dictionary lying on the desk.  b. There will be a sports meet next week.  c. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom.  e. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street.  2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例： These flowers are white and those flowers are red. We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing. We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. Hurry up; it's getting late. I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on. I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key. 2）并列句的分类： （1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. （2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. （3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. （4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 注意：当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。例： The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it. 3. 复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。 定语从句——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。 名词性从句 主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句 宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。 同位语从句: 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 例：1）How the book sells depends on its author. （主语从句） 2）I want to know whether/if he can arrive on time. （宾语从句） 3）That's because he didn't understand me. （表语从句） 4）The question who should come with me has not been settled. （同位语从句） 5）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定语从句） 6）By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years. （状语从句） 31．My father bought ________ last week. A．me a book B．a book me C．me to a book D．a book with me 32．Which structure is right ? A．Your father is ill in bed. ( S + V ) B．Your friend fell down. ( S + V + O ) C．Your team won the match. ( S + V + O + OC ) D．He seems ill. ( S + V + P ) 33．She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 该句的句子结构是______. A．SVOO B．SVOC C．SVO D．SVA 34．We had chemistry in the newly built lab. 该句的句子结构是______. A．SVP B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVOA 35．The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones. The underlined part is: . A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语 36．“My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. ” The main structure of the sentence is . A．S + V B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + O + OC 37．He gave his mother a gold necklace for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. The underlined part serves as _______. A．Subject B．Predicative C．Direct Object D．Indirect Object 38．The sentence structure (结构) of “The tips below may help you.” is ______. A．SVP B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVO 39．The sentence structure of “The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is ______. A．SVO B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SV 40．The sentence structure of “A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.” is ______. A．SVO B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVP 41．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (判断句子结构类型) A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+C D．S+V+IO+DC 42．________for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A．Being ill B．He was ill C．Having been ill D．To be ill 43．Having been attacked by terrorists, ______ A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists 44．The sentence structure of “They find a man lying on the floor” is ______. A．SVO B．SVOA C．SVPA D．SVOC 45．Which of the following sentence structures is different from the others ? A．I often hear some birds sing in the park. B．My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C．The robot brought some trouble to me D．Amy showed me some pictures of her family. 46．Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+P D．S+V+O+C 47．Jack remind himself ________ up early by setting an alarm. This sentence pattern belongs to ________. A．to get, SVO; B．to get, SVOC; C．of getting, SVOO; D．of getting, SVA; 48．The sentence “We found him a strange person.” shares the same structure with________. A．That smile made me a lot relaxed. B．The facilities are impressive. C．He gave me a smile. D．I explored the world with eagerness. 49．She ordered her husband a delicious meal. 该句的基本结构为： A．S V IO DO B．SVOC C．SVA D．SV 50．A good teacher can make difficult ideas easy to understand. 该句的基本结构为： A．SVO B．SVOC C．SP D．S V IO DO 模块四 当堂检测 51．Chinese EV-makers are investing in new features to connect their EVs (Electric vehicles) to phones and home appliances in ______ is being called a “Human x Car x Home” ecosystem. A．that B．where C．when D．what 52．He’s looking for a new job, one _______ he can get more money to support his family. A．when B．which C．that D．where 53．Adams never has breakfast, __________ he? A．does B．doesn’t C．has D．hasn’t 54．What a nice day! Let’s go outing, ________? A．shall we B．will you C．do we D．do you 55．—___________ the meat and lettuce into the pan, Emma. —OK, Mom. A．Putting B．Put C．Puts D．To put 56．What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 57．__________advice the teacher gave us! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 58．________ beautiful the scenery in Xinjiang is! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 59．— late for school again, Jack! —Sorry, I promise I won’t. A．Don’t B．Don’t be C．Not be D．Not 60．After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 61．The company hired a new CEO ______ innovative ideas have led to significant growth. A．that B．whose C．which D．who 62．It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 63．With my father’s guidance and encouragement, I learned how to ride a bike ________ I knew it. A．when B．until C．as D．before 64．It remains to be seen __________ the traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are released. A．whether B．which C．that D．what 65．I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu. A．that B．which C．what D．when 66．There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 67．—Sorry for being late again. —________ here on time next time, or you’ll be punished. A．Be B．Being C．To be D．Been 68．—It is said that your elder sister has taught English in our school for five years, hasn’t she? —________. She has been working in the hospital. A．Yes, she has B．Yes, she hasn’t C．No, she has D．No, she hasn’t 69． it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park! A．How amazing day B．How an amazing day C．What amazing day D．What an amazing day 70．Not only ________my skills of communication but also ________me to know more about our traditional culture. A．the activity trained; it allowed B．did the activity train; did it allow C．did the activity train; it allowed D．the activity trained; did it allow 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点01 句子成分与句子类型（掌握语法大骨架） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：核心考点梳理：句子成分 模块三：核心考点梳理：句子类型 模块四：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A．主+谓   B．主+系+表   C．主+谓+宾   D．主+谓+宾+宾补   E.主+谓+双宾语 1．After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually tu med into full-on bright green leaves. 2．According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” 3．For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference. 4．Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. 5．In 2017, the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. 6．The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. 7．In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y. —Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. 8．After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. 9．The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. 10．In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. 参考答案： 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．E 9．E 10．D 【解析】1．考查句子结构。句意：大约一个月后，我注意到一些绿色的小芽从剪下来的树枝上长出来，最终变成了明亮的绿色叶子。分析可知，句子主干主语为I，noticed为谓语，some tiny green shoots为宾语，coming out of the cut branches为宾补。故选D。 2．考查句子结构。句意：根据哈佛大学心理学教授丹尼尔·阿雷里最近领导的一项研究，布雷登患有注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD），这是一种注意力障碍，她说，这让她“有可能把东西放在某些地方，却不记得我把它们放在哪里了。”分析可知，句子主干主语为Braden；has为谓语，ADHD为宾语，故选C。 3．考查句子结构。句意：对于李教授来说，这本书不仅记录了一千多年前的自然景观，而且详细描述了人文和文化，是今天参考的宝藏。分析可知，句子主干主语为the book，is为系动词，后文not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference为表语。故选B。 4．考查句子结构。句意：清澈的夜空和高海拔使它成为地球南半部的自然、教育和天文遗产。分析可知，句子主干主语为Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude；make为谓语，it为宾语，a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth为宾补，故选D。 5．考查句子结构。句意：2017年，位于以色列内盖夫沙漠的拉蒙陨石坑成为中东第一个指定的黑暗天空公园。分析可知，句子主干主语为the Ramon Crater；became为系动词，the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East为表语，故选B。 6．考查句子结构。句意：当我和朋友里尼开车去英国的时候，荷兰的乌得勒支阳光灿烂。分析可知，句子主干主语为The sun；was shining为谓语，故选A。 7．考查句子结构。句意：1916年，我们家最好的朋友——多萝西·伍德拉夫和罗莎蒙德·安德伍德——从纽约奥布姆来到落基山脉的一个定居点，住在一间只有一间教室的茶具校舍。分析可知，句子主干主语为Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood，traveled为谓语，a settlement为宾语，故选C。 8．考查句子结构。句意：在我们进入一个由老师介绍的不同的组织后，一位OIC代表给了我们一些细节，这让我有点感兴趣。分析可知，句子主干主语为an OIC representative；gave为谓语，us为间接宾语，some details为直接宾语，故选E。 9．考查句子结构。句意：就在我们觉得快要死了的那一刻，克利福德·哈克带着他的狗走过来，告诉我们我们经过的那个农场是他的，他会离开去他的农舍的路。分析可知，句子主干主语为the man，told为谓语，us为间接宾语，he owned the farm为直接宾语，故选E。 10．考查句子结构。句意：总的来说，布罗德斯建议父母和其他成年人在询问孩子关于某件事的问题时，尽量注意自己的手。分析可知，句子主干主语为Broaders，advise为谓语；parents and other adults为宾语，to try to be aware of their hands为宾补。故选D。 模块二 核心考点梳理：句子成分 句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 　　 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） 　　 We often speak English in class.（代词） 　　 One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 　　 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） 　　 Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） 　　 The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） 　　 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） 　　 It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 　　 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 　　 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： 　　 Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 　　 Is it yours?（代词） 　　 The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 　　 The speech is exciting.（分词） 　　 Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） 　　 His job is to teach English.（不定式） 　　 His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） 　　 The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） 　　 Time is up. The class is over.（副词） 　　 The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 3. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 　　 They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） 　　 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词） 　　 How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） 　　 They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） 　　 He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） 　　 I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） 　　 I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 　　 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. 4. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： 　　His father named him Dongming.（名词） 　　They painted their boat white.（形容词） 　　Let the fresh air in.（副词） 　　You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） 　　We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） 　　We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 　　We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： 　　 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 　　 China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 　　 There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） 　　 His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） 　　 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） 　　 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） 　　 He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： 　　 Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） 　　 He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） 　　 He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） 　　 He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） 　　 Wait a minute.（名词） 　　 Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： 　　 How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） 　　 Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） 　　 I shall go there if it doesn't rain.（条件状语） 　　 Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） 　　 She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） 　　 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） 　　 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） 　　 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） 　　 She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） 　　 I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 7. 同位语：是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’） 句子成分口诀： 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。 补充内容：有时一个句子中会出现一种与全句没有语法关系的成分，被称之为独立成份。感叹语、呼语和插入语一般都充当独立成分。 1、感叹语 感叹语不仅可以是惊叹词，也可以是名词、动词、副词；不仅可以是单词，它表示突然产生的感情，多置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。 Oh! What is that？ Silence! Father is sleeping. Look! Here is her letter. Quickly! It’s dangerous. In about ten minutes, OK? 2、呼语 呼语是说话人对听话人（或拟人化的东西）的称呼。 May I help you, madam？（已婚或单身女人） Waiter, four cups of tea, please. 3、插入语 插入语表示整个句子是怎样说的或应怎样理解；可以看作是句子的修饰语。插入语往往是插入句中的词语，偶尔也可放在句子末尾来加以强调或作为后加的意思。 The boy, I think, has come from the country. The boy has come from the country, I think. To be frank with you, I have no money to spare. I eat a lot of sweet things, for example, chocolate. 11．Generally (speak), it is impolite to inquire about women’s age and personal affairs in Western countries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Frankly (speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．You should tell your parents that you're fine, otherwise, they will be concerned you. （用适当的单词填空） 14．Due carelessness, your mistakes may have serious results. (用适当的词填空) 15．Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it ________ person. （用适当的词填空） 16．After he greeted his friend, they (begin) to talk. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17． (owe)to playing computer games too often, an increasing number of students develop short-sightedness. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，68) I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. 19．On the airplane, she (fasten) her seat belt and wondered what she would face. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．—May I ask for leave tomorrow?（用适当的代词填空） —No，you can’t. applying for the scholarship must be present. 21．Paulson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt (I),＂says Paulson.（所给词的适当形式填空） 22．Student performance will be judged the basis of degree examination results, theses and continuous assessment, following current university regulations. (用适当的词填空) 23．He made an （announce）that the president would come to our city. (所给词的适当形式填空） 24．A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is （I）”. 25．Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm (you) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．It is always the case that the police conducted an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who (commit) the offence. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．They (emphasis) that they have been kept busy their study and have no time to spare for the outdoor activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．It is no trouble at all; the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．Apple fans are (queue) outside the store to buy the new Apple iPhone 6 which will be on sale tomorrow.（所给词的适当形式填空） 30．We with academic stress now.(burden) 参考答案： 11．speaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，询问西方国家女性的年龄和个人事务是不礼貌的。短语generally speaking，意为“一般来说”，符合句意，修饰后面的句子作状语，已有Generally，故填speaking。 12．speaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：坦率地说，我认为你的发音应该改进。短语frankly speaking，意为“坦白地说；打开天窗说亮话”，符合句意，修饰后面的句子作状语，故填speaking。 13．about 【详解】考查介词。句意：你应该告诉你的父母你很好，不然他们会很担忧你的。be concerned about...意为“担心......”，为固定搭配。故填about。 14．to 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于粗心大意，你的错误可能会造成严重的后果。due to由于，介词短语后接名词或名词词组，作原因状语，符合题意。故填to。 15．in 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时，他们确信这件文物可追溯到15世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配in person，表示“亲自”的意思，符合句意。故填in。 16．began 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：他和他的朋友打过招呼后，他们就开始交谈。after引导的时间状语从句中的动词时态为一般过去时，根据句意，陈述过去的动作用一般过去时，故填began。 17．Owing 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意为: 由于玩电脑游戏太频繁，越来越多的学生近视。固定搭配：owing to“由于”，和其动名词词组playing computer games too often作原因状语，位于句首，首字母用大写开头。故填Owing。 18．its 【详解】考查代词。句意：我抱着一个被母亲遗弃的活泼的三个月大的双胞胎。此句中有定语从句，先行词为a lively three-month-old twin，名词单数形式，从句中，介词by的宾语为mother，设空处应填形容词性物主代词its，作mother的定语。故填its。 19．fastened 固定 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：在飞机上，她系好安全带，不知道自己将面对什么。根据后文wondered可知，句子为一般过去时，所以此处应填fasten的过去式fastened和wondered并列，作谓语。故填fastened 固定。 20．Anyone 【详解】句意：任何一名申请奖学金的人必须在场。结合句意可知答案为Anyone。 21．myself 【详解】考查代词。句意：保尔森大声尖叫，以至于她的女儿从房子里跑了出来。“她以为我弄伤了自己。”保尔森说。分析句子可知宾语从句的主语为I，空处位于动词hurt之后，为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为“我”弄伤了我自己，所以应用反身代词作宾语，故填myself。 22．on 【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：根据学校现行规定，以学位考试成绩、论文和连续考核为依据对学生的表现进行评定。on the basis of意为“根据”，为固定搭配。此处用介词短语作状语。故填on。 23．announcement 【详解】考查名词。句意：他宣布总统将来到我们的城市 。分析句子及语意，可知设空处应填名词作宾语。固定短语make an announcement意为宣布，宣告。故填announcement。 24．me /mine 【详解】考查代词。句意：公车上的一位女士喊道：“哦，天哪，是我的包（是我丢的包）。”从语境以及It is判断此处是做表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，可以用代词me或者名词性物主代词mine。填me/mine。 25．yourself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：不要喝酒或吸毒来让自己平静下来。此处为祈使句，省略了主语you，短语calm...down，意为“使……冷静下来”，后接宾语，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。 26．committed 【详解】考查时态。句意：通常情况下，警察会进行调查，查看可能表明是谁作案了的证据。题干中名词evidence为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，故从句中的谓语动词suggest，意为“暗示，表明”之意，后接宾语从句，宾语从句不能使用虚拟语气，根据句意，陈述过去发生的动作，谓语动词用一般过去时，故填committed。 27． emphasize/emphasise with 【详解】考查动词、时态，介词。句意：他们强调他们一直忙于学习，没有时间参加户外活动。第一空为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时，主语为They，谓语动词用动词原形，emphasis的动词为emphasize/emphasise，意为“强调”。第二空考查动词短语keep sb busy with sth，意为“使某人忙于……”，busy后接介词with，为固定搭配，第二空应填with。故填：①emphasize/emphasise；②with。 28．on 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这一点也不麻烦；恰恰相反，能帮助你将是一件非常高兴的事。此处考查介词短语on the contrary，为固定搭配，意为“正相反”，作状语，设空处应填介词on。故填on。 29．queuing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：苹果粉们在店外排队购买明天即将发售的新款苹果iPhone 6。queue意为“排队（等候）”，根据后半句的定语从句which will be on sale tomorrow可知，苹果粉们今天就在排队了，根据空前的are，本句的谓语用现在进行时，设空处应用现在分词queuing。故填queuing。 30．are burdened 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们现在的学业压力很大。be burdened with表示“负重担”，now提示用一般现在时，故填are burdened。 模块三 核心考点梳理：句子类型 一）英语句子按照其用途可分四种 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 二）英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有①状态类：be；②保持类：keep, remain, stay；③感官类：feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④表象类：seem, appear；⑤变化类：get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥终止类：prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. The sun was shining. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. They ate what was left over. →主谓宾结构的被动语态都属于主谓结构：Dishes can be put in the kitchen. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. I told him that the bus was late. →主谓双宾结构的被动语态有2种：We are offered ＄60,000 for the house by them.（主谓宾） ＄60,000 is offered to us for the house by them.（主谓） 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    4) I had the bike repaired.  5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.    注意： （1）后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint, think, consider, find等。（call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时，职位名词前不要冠词）例： We call him Tom for short． I made painting the house the project for the summer. （2）后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think, believe, feel, leave等。例如： She thought him kind and generous. We’d better keep the windows open． （3）动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况： 1. 后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, warn, encourage, allow, advise, 等。例： He told us to keep quiet in the hospital． David taught his brother to use the computer. 2. 后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为：“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 感官动词：五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at, witness)、 三个使役动词（make, let, have）、 两听(hear, listen to)、 一感觉（feel），变被动，to还原。例： Let me try again． I often hear her sing in the next room． She is often heard to sing in the next room. 感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较：     a. He saw a girl get on the bus.          b. He saw a girl getting on the bus.      3. help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如： My father often helps me(to) study English． （4）后跟分词形式作宾语补足语的动词有find, feel, get, make, leave, keep, have, hear, notice, see, watch等。 We found a man lying on the ground． He saw a woman’s wallet stolen yesterday. She couldn’t make herself heard above the noise of the traffic. （5）后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例： I’ll keep the words in my mind． I often find him at work. 由 as 构成的短语作宾补:常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…as, think of…as等。例： They treat me as their daughter. →主谓宾宾补结构的被动语态都是主谓主补结构：The book was found interesting. The woman’s wallet was seen stolen yesterday. 6) there be 句型：表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。谓语动词单复数采用就近原则。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’t there?或aren’t there?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。 a. There is a dictionary lying on the desk.  b. There will be a sports meet next week.  c. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom.  e. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street.  注意： 1) 其他各种句子都可由以上基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2) 以上各种句型中都可以在名词前后加上定语，句首、句中、句末加上相应的状语。 2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例： These flowers are white and those flowers are red. We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing. We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. Hurry up; it's getting late. I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on. I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key. 2）并列句的分类： （1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. （2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. （3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. （4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 注意：当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。例： The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it. 3. 复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。 定语从句——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。 名词性从句 主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句 宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。 同位语从句: 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 例：1）How the book sells depends on its author. （主语从句） 2）I want to know whether/if he can arrive on time. （宾语从句） 3）That's because he didn't understand me. （表语从句） 4）The question who should come with me has not been settled. （同位语从句） 5）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定语从句） 6）By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years. （状语从句） 31．My father bought ________ last week. A．me a book B．a book me C．me to a book D．a book with me 32．Which structure is right ? A．Your father is ill in bed. ( S + V ) B．Your friend fell down. ( S + V + O ) C．Your team won the match. ( S + V + O + OC ) D．He seems ill. ( S + V + P ) 33．She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 该句的句子结构是______. A．SVOO B．SVOC C．SVO D．SVA 34．We had chemistry in the newly built lab. 该句的句子结构是______. A．SVP B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVOA 35．The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones. The underlined part is: . A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语 36．“My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. ” The main structure of the sentence is . A．S + V B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + O + OC 37．He gave his mother a gold necklace for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. The underlined part serves as _______. A．Subject B．Predicative C．Direct Object D．Indirect Object 38．The sentence structure (结构) of “The tips below may help you.” is ______. A．SVP B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVO 39．The sentence structure of “The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is ______. A．SVO B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SV 40．The sentence structure of “A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.” is ______. A．SVO B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVP 41．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (判断句子结构类型) A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+C D．S+V+IO+DC 42．________for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A．Being ill B．He was ill C．Having been ill D．To be ill 43．Having been attacked by terrorists, ______ A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists 44．The sentence structure of “They find a man lying on the floor” is ______. A．SVO B．SVOA C．SVPA D．SVOC 45．Which of the following sentence structures is different from the others ? A．I often hear some birds sing in the park. B．My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C．The robot brought some trouble to me D．Amy showed me some pictures of her family. 46．Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+P D．S+V+O+C 47．Jack remind himself ________ up early by setting an alarm. This sentence pattern belongs to ________. A．to get, SVO; B．to get, SVOC; C．of getting, SVOO; D．of getting, SVA; 48．The sentence “We found him a strange person.” shares the same structure with________. A．That smile made me a lot relaxed. B．The facilities are impressive. C．He gave me a smile. D．I explored the world with eagerness. 49．She ordered her husband a delicious meal. 该句的基本结构为： A．S V IO DO B．SVOC C．SVA D．SV 50．A good teacher can make difficult ideas easy to understand. 该句的基本结构为： A．SVO B．SVOC C．SP D．S V IO DO 参考答案： 31．A 【详解】考查宾语。句意：上周我爸爸给我买了一本书。buy sb. sth.或buy sth.for sb.“给某人买某物”，动词buy后可以接双宾语。故选A项。 32．D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：哪种结构是正确的？A. Your father is ill in bed. ( S + V ) 你父亲卧病在床，(主+谓结构)；B. Your friend fell down. ( S + V + O ) 你的朋友摔倒了，(主+谓+宾结构)；C. Your team won the match. ( S + V + O + OC ) 你们队赢了比赛，(主+谓+宾+宾补结构)；D. He seems ill. ( S + V + P ) 他好像病了，(主+谓+表语结构)。分析句子结构可知，A项是主系表结构；B项是主谓结构；C项是主谓宾结构；D项是主系表结构。故选D。 33．A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。主语为she，cooked为谓语，her husband为间接宾语；a delicious meal为直接宾语。故选A。 34．D 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：我们在新建的实验室里上化学课。A. SVP主系表；B. SVOO主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；C. SVOC主谓宾宾补；D.  SVOA主谓宾状。分析句子结构可知，“We”在句中作主语，“had”作谓语动词，“chemistry”在句中作动词had宾语，“in the newly built lab”作地点状语，因此该句的结构为“SVOA(主谓宾状)”。故选D项。 35．D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：学校顾问帮我选择了合适的。the school adviser是主语，helped是谓语，me是宾语，choose the appropriate ones是宾语补足语。故选D。 36．D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“我的英语老师总是建议我多说英语。”这个句子的主要结构是 。主语My English teacher，谓语advises，宾语me，宾补to speak English more often，“主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补”，即S + V + O + OC结构。故选D项。 37．C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他送给母亲一条金项链作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。此处主语为He；gave为谓语；his mother为间接宾语；a gold necklace为直接宾语；for her birthday作状语；which pleased her a lot为非限制性定语从句。划线部分为直接宾语。故选C。 38．D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：下面的建议可能会对你有所帮助。The tips below是主语（S）；may help是谓语（V）；you是宾语（O），该句的句子结构是：主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）。故选D。 39．C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“这个幽默的笑话使我们在课堂上大笑”这个句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。A. SVO主谓宾；B. SVOO主谓宾宾；C. SVOC主谓宾补；D. SV主谓。分析句子可知，The humorous joke“这个幽默的笑话”是句子的主语，made“使”是句子的谓语，us“我们”是句子的宾语，laugh in class“在课堂上大笑”是句子的补足语，因此句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。故选C。 40．C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“均衡的饮食使身体健康”这个句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。A. SVO主谓宾；B. SVOO主谓宾宾；C. SVOC主谓宾补；D. SVP主系表。分析句子可知，A balanced diet“均衡的饮食”是句子的主语，keeps“使”是句子的谓语，the body“身体”是句子的宾语，healthy“健康”是句子的补足语，因此句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。故选C。 41．C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好和乐于助人。分析句子结构可知，“I”作主语，“found”作谓语，“most of my classmates and teachers”作宾语，“friendly and helpful”作宾语补足语，所以本句是S+V+O+C结构。故选C项 42．B 【详解】考查并列句。句意：他病了很长一段时间，但他尽力弥补他错过的东西。A. Being ill生病了(现在分词)；B. He was ill他病了(主系表)；C. Having been ill病了(现在分词的完成式)；D. To be ill 要生病(不定式)。分析句子可知，本句是由but 连接的并列句，前半部分是一个完整的分句，句子缺少主语和谓语，结合选项，只有B项是句子，故选B项。 43．B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：由于受到恐怖分子的袭击，这座高楼倒塌了。根据“Having been attacked by terrorists”可知，分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语为同一个主语，再根据句意可知，由于这座高楼受到恐怖分子的袭击，这座高楼倒塌了。故选B项。 44．B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他们发现一个男人躺在地板上。They是主语（S），find是谓语（V），a man是宾语（O），lying on the floor是宾语补足语（A），所以本句的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，故选B项。 45．A 【详解】考查句子结构。选项A为“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补”结构，省略to不定式sing in the park是宾语some birds的补语；其他三个句子都是“主语＋谓语＋双宾语”结构。故选A项。 46．C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当你在海上的时候，学习和做作业似乎更有趣！A. S+V(主+谓) ；B. S+V+O(主+谓+宾) ；C. S+P(主+表)； D. S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。分析句子可知，主句中Studying and doing homework 为主语， seem为系动词，much more fun为表语；从句中you为主语，are为系动词，at sea为表语，所以本句的基本结构为主系表结构。故选C项。 47．B 【详解】考查固定短语和基本句型。句意：杰克设闹钟提醒自己要早起。第一空为短语remind oneself to do sth.表示“提醒自己做某事”；主语为Jack；remind为谓语，himself为宾语，to get up early为宾补，这个句型属于SVOC。故选B。 48．A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：句子“We found him a strange person.”和“That smile made me a lot relaxed.”结构相同。A. That smile made me a lot relaxed.那个微笑让我放松了很多；B. The facilities are impressive.设施令人印象深刻；C. He gave me a smile.他给了我一个微笑；D. I explored the world with eagerness.我热切地探索这个世界。分析题干中的句子可知，We是主语，found是谓语，him是宾语，a strange person是宾补，为“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构，A项中的句子和该句结构相同，That smile是主语，made是谓语，me是宾语，a lot relaxed是宾补。B项是“主+系+表”结构；C项是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构；D项是“主+谓+宾+状”结构。故选A。 49．A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她给丈夫点了一顿美味的饭。she“她”为主语；ordered“点（酒菜等）”为谓语；her husband“她的丈夫”为间接宾语；a delicious meal“一顿美味的饭”为直接宾语。故选A。 50．B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：一个好老师能使难懂的思想变得容易理解。分析句子结构可知，A good teacher 在句中作主语，can make为谓语动词；difficult ideas 在句中作宾语；easy to understand在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句的基本结构为主谓宾补。故选B。 模块四 当堂检测 51．Chinese EV-makers are investing in new features to connect their EVs (Electric vehicles) to phones and home appliances in ______ is being called a “Human x Car x Home” ecosystem. A．that B．where C．when D．what 52．He’s looking for a new job, one _______ he can get more money to support his family. A．when B．which C．that D．where 53．Adams never has breakfast, __________ he? A．does B．doesn’t C．has D．hasn’t 54．What a nice day! Let’s go outing, ________? A．shall we B．will you C．do we D．do you 55．—___________ the meat and lettuce into the pan, Emma. —OK, Mom. A．Putting B．Put C．Puts D．To put 56．What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. A．why B．how C．where D．when 57．__________advice the teacher gave us! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 58．________ beautiful the scenery in Xinjiang is! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 59．— late for school again, Jack! —Sorry, I promise I won’t. A．Don’t B．Don’t be C．Not be D．Not 60．After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 61．The company hired a new CEO ______ innovative ideas have led to significant growth. A．that B．whose C．which D．who 62．It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 63．With my father’s guidance and encouragement, I learned how to ride a bike ________ I knew it. A．when B．until C．as D．before 64．It remains to be seen __________ the traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are released. A．whether B．which C．that D．what 65．I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu. A．that B．which C．what D．when 66．There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 67．—Sorry for being late again. —________ here on time next time, or you’ll be punished. A．Be B．Being C．To be D．Been 68．—It is said that your elder sister has taught English in our school for five years, hasn’t she? —________. She has been working in the hospital. A．Yes, she has B．Yes, she hasn’t C．No, she has D．No, she hasn’t 69． it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park! A．How amazing day B．How an amazing day C．What amazing day D．What an amazing day 70．Not only ________my skills of communication but also ________me to know more about our traditional culture. A．the activity trained; it allowed B．did the activity train; did it allow C．did the activity train; it allowed D．the activity trained; did it allow 参考答案： 51．D 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：中国电动汽车制造商正在投资开发新功能，将他们的电动汽车与手机和家用电器连接起来，形成所谓的“人x车x家”生态系统。分析句子结构可知，该句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，可使用连接词what在从句中作主语。故选D。 52．D 【详解】考查关系副词。句意：他在找一份新工作，一份能挣更多的钱来养家的工作。先行词为one ，代指a new job，在定语从句从句中作抽象地点状语，关系副词为where。故选D项。 53．A 【详解】考查反义疑问句，时态和主谓一致。句意：亚当斯从来不吃早餐，是吗？空格处是反义疑问句，遵循前肯后否的原则，never has是否定，空格处用肯定，由has可知，时态是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，因此空格处是does。故选A。 54．A 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：多么美好的一天！我们去郊游吧，好吗？根据Let’s go outing可知，以Let’s do…结构的句型开头，反意疑问句为shall we。故选A项。 55．B 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：——把肉和生菜放进锅里，艾玛。——好的，妈妈。根据OK, Mom.可知，空处缺少动词原形构成肯定祈使句。故选B项。 56．B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛雅文明的复杂结构最不同寻常之处在于它们是如何在没有轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造的。设空处接在be动词后，连接表语从句，句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，故选B。 57．A 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：老师给了我们多么好的建议啊！本句考查感叹句，how修饰形容词或副词；what修饰名词，advice是不可数名词，故应用what。故选A项。 58．D 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：新疆的景色多美啊!本题考查感叹句，感叹句的结构为：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!本题中beautiful是形容词，the scenery是主语，is是谓语，所以本题符合How的结构，故选D。 59．B 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：——别再上学迟到了，杰克！——对不起，我保证不会了。be late for是固定短语，意为“迟到”，句子是祈使句，表示“不要再迟到了”，因此用祈使句的否定句Don’t be late for school again。故选B。 60．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业回到家乡后，珍妮发现它不再是以前的那个村庄了。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，village是先行词，从句中缺少表语，因此使用关系代词that引导定语从句，故选A项。 61．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司聘请了一位新CEO，其创新理念带来了显著的增长。分析句子结构，空格后为定语从句修饰先行词CEO，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰ideas，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导。故选B。 62．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是你将肢体语言运用到演讲中的方式，在很大程度上决定了听众是否参与并信服。由句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，关系词可用that、in which或省略。故选B项。 63．D 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在父亲的指导和鼓励下，我不知不觉地学会了骑自行车。A. when当……时；B. until直到；C. as因为；D. before在……之前。分析句子结构可知，此处是时间状语从句。before sb. knew it表示“不知不觉中；在自知之前”。故选D项。 64．A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：交通法规发布后是否能适应实际情况还有待观察。A. whether是否；B. which哪个；C. that那个；D. what什么。分析句子可知，It作形式主语，真正主语是后面的句子，空格处为主语从句连接词，从句不缺成分，缺“是否”含义，A项whether符合句意。故选A项。 65．A 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他被邀请参加在成都举行的2023年世界智能制造大会。分析句子结构可知，“______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu”是同位语从句，解释说明message的内容，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，只起引导作用，且不可省略。故选A项。 66．C 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：电影中有数百个这样的场景，其中瓢泼大雨映射出了角色们的悲伤情绪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词为scenes，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 67．A 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：——不好意思我又迟到了。——下次准时一点，否则你会挨罚的。本句为祈使句+and/or+一般将来时。所以应选择Be。故选：A。 68．D 【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：——据说你姐姐在我们学校教了五年英语，是吗? ——不，没有。她一直在医院工作。 反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。根据答语“她一直在医院工作”可知，事实是否定的，应该用no，故排除A、B；选项C结构不正确，故排除。故选D。 69．D 【详解】考查感叹句型。句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！分析句子结构可知，本题考查感叹句型。what引导感叹句型的结构为“What +a/an +adj.+可数名词的单数+主语+谓语”，how引导感叹句型的结构为“How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语动词”。由此可知，D项符合what引导的感叹句型。故选D。 70．C 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：这次活动不仅锻炼了我的沟通技巧，还让我更多地了解了我们的传统文化。not only...but also...为固定结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，可以连接并列句，且not only位于句首时，前面分句应用部分倒装，即将情态动词、助动词或be动词提到主语之前，后面分句仍用陈述句语序。结合选项可知，第一空应用did the activity train，使用了倒装结构，助动词did提前；第二空应用it allowed，使用了陈述语序。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$