专题04：被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接） -2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题04：被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段主要学习被动语态的基本结构，即“be + 过去分词”。初中阶段通常只涉及到一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态形式。 高中要求 高中阶段，除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。此外，学生需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时等。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 基本结构：掌握被动语态的基本构成，即“be + 过去分词”。例如，"The book is written by the author." 2. 不同时态的被动语态：了解并能够使用一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态形式。 · 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 · 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词 · 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态：掌握情态动词（如can, must, should等）与被动语态的结合形式。例如，"The problem can be solved easily." 4. 主动语态与被动语态的转换：能够将主动语态的句子转换为被动语态，并理解转换的原因和效果。 5. 被动语态的信号词：识别和使用常见的被动语态信号词，如by, with等。 6. 被动语态的语境使用：理解在何种情况下使用被动语态，例如当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。 7. 被动语态的否定形式：掌握被动语态的否定形式，即在be动词或情态动词后加上not。例如，"The letter was not sent by him." 8. 被动语态的疑问形式：能够将被动语态的句子变为一般疑问句，并正确使用助动词。例如，"Is the letter sent by him?" 9. 被动语态的短语动词：掌握一些常见的被动语态短语动词，如"be taken care of", "be looked after"等。 这些考点要求学生不仅要掌握被动语态的形式和用法，还要能够在实际语境中灵活运用，以及在考试中正确识别和使用被动语态。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 基本结构掌握： 高中英语：除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。 时态的多样性： 高中英语：学生需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。 复杂句型中的使用： 高中英语：在复合句和复杂句中使用被动语态，包括条件句、定语从句、状语从句等。 语境的适应性： 高中英语：学生需要在更广泛的语境中，如议论文、说明文、科技文章等，恰当地使用被动语态。 非谓语动词的被动形式： 初中英语：可能不涉及或很少涉及动名词和不定式的被动形式。高中英语：学生需要掌握动名词和不定式的被动形式，以及它们在句子中的作用。 考试要求： 高中英语：考试中对被动语态的考查更为深入，可能包括完形填空、阅读理解、写作等部分。 总的来说，高中英语对被动语态的要求更为全面和深入，学生需要能够在各种语境中恰当地使用被动语态，并理解其在语篇中的功能和效果。 考点清单 动词语态梳理 1、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 4、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。 We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days. 你应该把你的书收好。 You ought to put your books away. Your books ought to be put away. 高中语态主要学习 一、现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态由“be being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称和数的变化(am, is are ). 1. 表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。   The project is being discussed at the meeting.   A new film is being shown in the theater.   My house is being painted now.  2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。   Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days.   A modern school is being built in our hometown. A computer center is being built for the students? 3. 表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly 等词连用。(表达某种感情色彩)   He is always being praised by the teacher. 一). 注意不可遗漏being 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,强调主语是动作的承受者,其构成为“am / is / are + being+动词的过去分词”。如果我们把being漏掉,就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 如: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 区别：Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况) 二). 注意不可忽视 “现阶段” 现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。 如: Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行) 三）. 注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词 一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。如: Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王, 过来, 有你的电话。 Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了, 换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。 4) . 注意“be +under/ in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 如: The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 【课堂练习】 1. New functions _________________ (add)to the camera at present. 2. Many speeches _________________ (hold) in our school these days. 3. I don’t know what time it is now. My watch _________________ (repair) 4. A new stadium ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month. 5. --- Do you like the material? -- Yes, it ____________ (feel) very soft. 6. The bridge which ______________ (build) last year ____________ (look) beautiful. 7. The camera you _______________ (use) now ______________ (belong) to me. 8. One third of the class ___________________ (question) by the teachers now. 9.  ---- What’s that noise? ---- Oh, I forgot to tell you.  The new machine _______________ (test). 10. Look! The foreign guests ____________________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.     二、过去进行时的被动语态 1. 过去进行时的被动语态构成： (1) was/were being done（肯定句） (2) was/were not being done。（否定句） (3) was/were +主语+ being done（一般疑问句） (4) 疑问词+was/were+主语+being done（特殊疑问句） 2. 过去进行时的被动语态的用法 表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。 The college was being built at this time last year. 去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。 The room was being cleaned by him at nine yesterday morning. 昨天早上九点他正在打扫房间。 Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 【课堂练习】 1．The students’ attention (fix) on their study when all the lights went out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．It was so noisy that I couldn’t hear what (say) on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Dinner (serve) when the plane hit turbulence (气流). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．I always felt like I (watch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The tennis court (use) at 3 p.m. yesterday so we couldn’t play. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一、根据语境要求，写出所给动词的被动形式。 1) The students who were aware that they ______________________ (watch) actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone. 2) More and more studies _______________________ (do) in these fields. 3) Climax communities all over the world ________________________ (severely damage) or destroyed by human activities. 4) The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature ________________________ (write). 5)A huge Christmas tree (decorate) with mini cars when we got to the hall. 二、 将下列含有被动语态的英文译成汉语。 1) The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said. 2) I am always being urged by my purpose. 3) The witness was being questioned by police when I got there yesterday. 4) They felt new passions were being born. 5) The lost girl was being looked for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park. 一、语法填空 1．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．More new technologies (apply) in the field of IT at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．We are now living in a fast-developing society and our life conditions (improve) day by day. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Weight training classes, for example, (design) and will be added to our programme soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The site (develop) by a French company at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The house (paint) white when I was there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．What (discuss) during this time at meeting yesterday? (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The lost girl (look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、句子翻译 (注意动词的时态语态) 1. 等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 2. 在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. 当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。 4. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。 5. 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。 三、阅读理解 Introduction White lies, which means little lies usually told to avoid hurting someone’s feelings or to manage social interactions smoothly, are a common aspect of human communication. This report explores the frequency, acceptability, and contexts (情景) of white lies among teenagers. Method A survey was conducted with 342 high school students from various regions to gather data on their experiences and attitudes towards white lies. Participants were asked how often they tell white lies, what they think of white lies and in what contexts they tell white lies. Results The survey found that 85% of teenagers admit to telling white lies frequently to protect others’ feelings or to avoid conflicts. Their attitude to and most common situations for telling white lies are shown in the following two charts: Conclusion White lies play a significant role in the social communications of high school students, helping maintain peace and prevent minor conflicts. While generally seen as beneficial, it is crucial for young individuals to understand the boundaries and potential consequences of dishonesty in their relationships. Educational programs should include discussions on ethics (道德原则) in communication, helping students know when white lies might be acceptable. 40．What can be inferred from the two charts? A．Most participants are against telling white lies. B．White lies are harmful because they may hurt feelings. C．Most participants tell white lies to protect social relationships. D．About 10% of participants don’t know why they tell white lies. 41．What can we learn about the survey from the passage? A．It aims to explore the meaning of white lies. B．342 teenagers and adults participated in the survey. C．85% of participants think it’s acceptable to tell white lies. D．Its conclusion encourages more related educational programs. 42．What kind of article may this passage most probably be? A．A news story. B．A survey report. C．An online blog. D．A scientific essay. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04：被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段主要学习被动语态的基本结构，即“be + 过去分词”。初中阶段通常只涉及到一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态形式。 高中要求 高中阶段，除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。此外，学生需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时等。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 基本结构：掌握被动语态的基本构成，即“be + 过去分词”。例如，"The book is written by the author." 2. 不同时态的被动语态：了解并能够使用一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态形式。 · 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 · 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词 · 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态：掌握情态动词（如can, must, should等）与被动语态的结合形式。例如，"The problem can be solved easily." 4. 主动语态与被动语态的转换：能够将主动语态的句子转换为被动语态，并理解转换的原因和效果。 5. 被动语态的信号词：识别和使用常见的被动语态信号词，如by, with等。 6. 被动语态的语境使用：理解在何种情况下使用被动语态，例如当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。 7. 被动语态的否定形式：掌握被动语态的否定形式，即在be动词或情态动词后加上not。例如，"The letter was not sent by him." 8. 被动语态的疑问形式：能够将被动语态的句子变为一般疑问句，并正确使用助动词。例如，"Is the letter sent by him?" 9. 被动语态的短语动词：掌握一些常见的被动语态短语动词，如"be taken care of", "be looked after"等。 这些考点要求学生不仅要掌握被动语态的形式和用法，还要能够在实际语境中灵活运用，以及在考试中正确识别和使用被动语态。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 基本结构掌握： 高中英语：除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。 时态的多样性： 高中英语：学生需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。 复杂句型中的使用： 高中英语：在复合句和复杂句中使用被动语态，包括条件句、定语从句、状语从句等。 语境的适应性： 高中英语：学生需要在更广泛的语境中，如议论文、说明文、科技文章等，恰当地使用被动语态。 非谓语动词的被动形式： 初中英语：可能不涉及或很少涉及动名词和不定式的被动形式。高中英语：学生需要掌握动名词和不定式的被动形式，以及它们在句子中的作用。 考试要求： 高中英语：考试中对被动语态的考查更为深入，可能包括完形填空、阅读理解、写作等部分。 总的来说，高中英语对被动语态的要求更为全面和深入，学生需要能够在各种语境中恰当地使用被动语态，并理解其在语篇中的功能和效果。 考点清单 动词语态梳理 1、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 4、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。 We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days. 你应该把你的书收好。 You ought to put your books away. Your books ought to be put away. 高中语态主要学习 一、现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态由“be being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称和数的变化(am, is are ). 1. 表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。   The project is being discussed at the meeting.   A new film is being shown in the theater.   My house is being painted now.  2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。   Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days.   A modern school is being built in our hometown. A computer center is being built for the students? 3. 表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly 等词连用。(表达某种感情色彩)   He is always being praised by the teacher. 一). 注意不可遗漏being 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,强调主语是动作的承受者,其构成为“am / is / are + being+动词的过去分词”。如果我们把being漏掉,就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 如: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 区别：Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况) 二). 注意不可忽视 “现阶段” 现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。 如: Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行) 三）. 注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词 一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。如: Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王, 过来, 有你的电话。 Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了, 换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。 4) . 注意“be +under/ in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 如: The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 【课堂练习】 1. New functions _________________ (add)to the camera at present. 2. Many speeches _________________ (hold) in our school these days. 3. I don’t know what time it is now. My watch _________________ (repair) 4. A new stadium ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month. 5. --- Do you like the material? -- Yes, it ____________ (feel) very soft. 6. The bridge which ______________ (build) last year ____________ (look) beautiful. 7. The camera you _______________ (use) now ______________ (belong) to me. 8. One third of the class ___________________ (question) by the teachers now. 9.  ---- What’s that noise? ---- Oh, I forgot to tell you.  The new machine _______________ (test). 10. Look! The foreign guests ____________________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.     Keys： 1. are being added 2. are being held 3 is being repaired. 4. is being built 5. feels 6. was built looks 7. are using belongs 8. are being questioned 9.  is being tested  10. are being shown 二、过去进行时的被动语态 1. 过去进行时的被动语态构成： (1) was/were being done（肯定句） (2) was/were not being done。（否定句） (3) was/were +主语+ being done（一般疑问句） (4) 疑问词+was/were+主语+being done（特殊疑问句） 2. 过去进行时的被动语态的用法 表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。 The college was being built at this time last year. 去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。 The room was being cleaned by him at nine yesterday morning. 昨天早上九点他正在打扫房间。 Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 【课堂练习】 1．The students’ attention (fix) on their study when all the lights went out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being fixed 【详解】考查时态和语态：句意：当所有的灯都熄灭时，学生们的注意力正集中在学习上。动词fix和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，应用过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去某时正在进行的动作，和when构成固定句型。主谓一致，故填was being fixed。 2．It was so noisy that I couldn’t hear what (say) on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being said 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：太吵了，我听不清电话里在说什么。根据句意可知，what引导的宾语从句表示过去正在发生的事情，时态使用过去进行时，且主语what与动词say“说”为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，且主语what为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was being said。 3．Dinner (serve) when the plane hit turbulence (气流). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being served 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：飞机遇到气流时，正在供应晚餐。根据when the plane hit turbulence可知，主句描述的事情表示过去正在发生，时态使用过去进行时，且主语Dinner与动词serve“端上”为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，且主语Dinner为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was being served。 4．I always felt like I (watch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being watched 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我总觉得自己被监视着。此处主语与谓语构成被动，且表示过去正在进行的被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being watched。 5．The tennis court (use) at 3 p.m. yesterday so we couldn’t play. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being used 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：昨天下午三点网球场正在使用，所以我们没能打球。根据时间状语“at 3 p.m. yesterday”可知此句表示过去某一时间正在发生或进行的动作，The tennis court与动词use之间为被动关系，因此此句谓语动用过去进行时的被动语态，The tennis court作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填was being used。 一、根据语境要求，写出所给动词的被动形式。 1) The students who were aware that they ______________________ (watch) actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone. 2) More and more studies _______________________ (do) in these fields. 3) Climax communities all over the world ________________________ (severely damage) or destroyed by human activities. 4) The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature ________________________ (write). 5)A huge Christmas tree (decorate) with mini cars when we got to the hall. 二、 将下列含有被动语态的英文译成汉语。 1) The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said. 2) I am always being urged by my purpose. 3) The witness was being questioned by police when I got there yesterday. 4) They felt new passions were being born. 5) The lost girl was being looked for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park. 【答案】 一、 1) were being watched 2) are being done 3) are being severely damaged 4) is being written 5) was being decorated 二、 1) 交流中最重要的是听出言外之意。 2) 我总是受到使命的敦促。 3) 昨天我到达那里时，证人正在接受警察的讯问。 4) 他们感到新的激情正在产生。 5) 当走失的女孩突然出现在公园里时，她的父母和警察正在到处寻找她。 一、语法填空 1．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 2．More new technologies (apply) in the field of IT at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being applied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前更多的新技术正在信息技术领域得到应用。由时间状语at present可知，此处应用现在进行时。主语more new technologies与apply之间为被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为复数形式，故填are being applied。 3．We are now living in a fast-developing society and our life conditions (improve) day by day. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being improved 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我们现在生活在一个快速发展的社会，我们的生活条件正在一天天改善。本句是and连接的并列句，improve作后句谓语，根据前文的are now living可知，用现在进行时，和主语life conditions之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语为复数。故填are being improved。 4．Weight training classes, for example, (design) and will be added to our programme soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being designed 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：例如，重量训练课程正在设计中，并将很快加入我们的课程。表示现阶段正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，主语Weight training classes和design“设计”为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are being designed。 5．The site (develop) by a French company at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being developed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，该网站正在由一家法国公司开发。develop作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，根据时间状语at present可知，用现在进行时，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，主语The site为第三人称单数。故填is being developed。 6．There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being done 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：外面有很大的噪音，因为当时房子正在修理。根据时间状语at that time可知，用过去进行时，do和主语repair work之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词应用was。故填was being done。 7．The house (paint) white when I was there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being painted 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我在那里的时候，房子正在被漆成白色。分析句子结构可知，主句缺谓语动词，根据“when I was there”及句意可知，主句应用过去进行时，表示动作正在进行，“The house”和“paint”之间是被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done的形式，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was being painted。 8．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being examined 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我去医院看望他时，他正在接受医生的检查。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及从句动词went可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，结合he和动词examine为被动关系，所以为过去进行时的被动语态结构。故填was being examined。 9．What (discuss) during this time at meeting yesterday? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being discussed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：昨天会议在这段时间讨论了什么？由this time at meeting yesterday和句意可知，此处表示过去某一时间正在做某事，应用过去进行时，且what(指会议内容)和动词disscuss是被动关系，应用过去进行时的被动语态；what作主语，谓语动词应用三单形式，be动词应用was，故填was being discussed。 10．The lost girl (look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being looked 【详解】考查时态和语态：句意：当走失的女孩突然出现在公园里时，她的父母和警察正在到处寻找她。谓语动词短语look for和主语The lost girl之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，应用过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去某时正在进行的动作，主谓一致，故填was being looked。 二、句子翻译 (注意动词的时态语态) 1. 等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 2. 在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. 当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。 4. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。 5. 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。 答案：（only for reference） 1. By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 2. Over the past 10 years, great changes have happened in this area. 3. When he got to school, he realized that he had left his homework at home. 4. Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice. 5. Many years ago people never knew that population would become a big problem．  三、阅读理解 Introduction White lies, which means little lies usually told to avoid hurting someone’s feelings or to manage social interactions smoothly, are a common aspect of human communication. This report explores the frequency, acceptability, and contexts (情景) of white lies among teenagers. Method A survey was conducted with 342 high school students from various regions to gather data on their experiences and attitudes towards white lies. Participants were asked how often they tell white lies, what they think of white lies and in what contexts they tell white lies. Results The survey found that 85% of teenagers admit to telling white lies frequently to protect others’ feelings or to avoid conflicts. Their attitude to and most common situations for telling white lies are shown in the following two charts: Conclusion White lies play a significant role in the social communications of high school students, helping maintain peace and prevent minor conflicts. While generally seen as beneficial, it is crucial for young individuals to understand the boundaries and potential consequences of dishonesty in their relationships. Educational programs should include discussions on ethics (道德原则) in communication, helping students know when white lies might be acceptable. 40．What can be inferred from the two charts? A．Most participants are against telling white lies. B．White lies are harmful because they may hurt feelings. C．Most participants tell white lies to protect social relationships. D．About 10% of participants don’t know why they tell white lies. 41．What can we learn about the survey from the passage? A．It aims to explore the meaning of white lies. B．342 teenagers and adults participated in the survey. C．85% of participants think it’s acceptable to tell white lies. D．Its conclusion encourages more related educational programs. 42．What kind of article may this passage most probably be? A．A news story. B．A survey report. C．An online blog. D．A scientific essay. 【答案】40．C 41．D 42．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。调查报告讨论了青少年中善意谎言的频率、可接受性和情境，并建议学校开展更多相关的教育项目来帮助学生知道什么时候可以讲善意的谎言。 40．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The survey found that 85% of teenagers admit to telling white lies frequently to protect others’ feelings or to avoid conflicts. (调查发现，85%的青少年承认经常说善意的谎言是为了保护他人的感情或避免冲突)”可知，大多数参与者说善意的谎言是为了不和他人发生冲突以及保持好关系，即和他人保持社会关系。故选C。 41．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“White lies play a significant role in the social communications of high school students, helping maintain peace and prevent minor conflicts. While generally seen as beneficial, it is crucial for young individuals to understand the boundaries and potential consequences of dishonesty in their relationships. Educational programs should include discussions on ethics in communication, helping students know when white lies might be acceptable.(善意的谎言在高中生的社会交往中发挥着重要作用，有助于维护和平和防止小冲突。虽然人们普遍认为这是有益的，但对年轻人来说，了解他们关系中不诚实的界限和潜在后果至关重要。教育计划应将关于道德原则的讨论纳入交流中，帮助学生知道什么时候善意的谎言是可以接受的) ”可知，调查的结论会促使学校开展更多相关的教育项目来帮助学生知道什么时候可以讲善意的谎言。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据文章每一段的关键词“Introduction(介绍)”，“Method(方法)”，“Results(结果)”，“Conclusion(结论)”及第二段的“A survey was conducted with 342 high school students from various regions to gather data on their experiences and attitudes towards white lies. Participants were asked how often they tell white lies, what they think of white lies and in what contexts they tell white lies.(对来自不同地区的342名高中生进行了一项调查，以收集他们对善意谎言的经历和态度的数据。参与者被问及他们多久说一次善意的谎言，他们对善意的谎言有何看法，以及他们在什么情况下说善意的谎言)”可知，该文章为一份关于善意的谎言的调查报告。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$