2023-2024学年广东珠海高二英语下学期期末复习专题 语法填空 课件

广东珠海高二英语期末复习专题 ——语法填空 今天我们复习 非谓语 非谓语是什么 非谓语=除谓语外的 一 切成分 非谓语全称 非 谓 语 动词 已 知 / : 谓 语 动 词 有 各 种 形 数 变 化 已知2:非谓语不能做谓语 已 知 3 : 非 谓 语 全 称 是非 谓 语 动 词 1.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I there several years ago. A. 谓语 B. 非谓语 2.One learns a language by making mistakes and them. A. 谓语 B. 非谓语 3. many failures,I have the courage to meet all challenges. A. 谓语 B. 非谓语 4.Thomas told his classmates that he for Shanghai next week. A. 谓语 B. 非谓语 非 谓 语 动 词 状语 表语 定语 宾补 宾语 主语 难道今天是六个圈? 状语 表语 定语 宾补 宾语 主语 重点在于从句省略而来 状语 定语 重点在于含义 表语 主 语 重点在于固定搭配呵呵呵 宾补 宾 语 宾补 状语 表语 宾语 定语 主语 非谓语的形式 表示事儿 主动/进行 被动(及物动词) 完成(不及物动词) 目的/将来 动名词 分词 不定式 doing doing done to do 动名词 VS 现在分词 The most beautiful English teacher is teaching. The most beautiful English teacher's job is teaching. (educate),he has been studying hard. (educate)in a famous university is helpful. 动名词 VS 现在分词 主动/进行 被动(及物动词) 完成(不及物动词) 目的/将来 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 doing done to do 否定not 放非谓语前面 重点在于从句省略而来 状语 定语 状语 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 1.主从句主语一致，且从句动词为实意动词 2.主从句主语一致，且从句动词为系统词be 3. 主从句主语不一致，则省略为独立主格结构 1.主从句主语一致，且从句动词为实意动词 When he stayed in the country,he was invited to make some speeches. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 1.主从句主语一致，且从句动词为实意动词 When he was asked for help by beautiful girls,he was always warm-hearted. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 2.主从句主语一致，且从句动词为系动词be When you are in Rome,do as Romans do. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 3.主从句主语不一致，则省略为独立主格结构 lf time permits,we will go to the hill tomorrow. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 朵 别 瞎 用 When reading a book,his habit is to make a mark wherever the meaning is unclear to him. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 错误示范 错误示范 At the age often,his father died. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 怎 么 做 题 呢 XXX谓语XXX, 非谓语. 关键在省略 非谓语作状语 XXX谓语XXX. 非谓语， having done having been done 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 doing done to do 1.判断逻辑主语 己 .判断主被动 3. 判 断 动 作 先 后 关键在省略 非谓语作状语 Having been bitten twice,the postman refused to deliver our letter unless we chained our dog up. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 Having read the newspaper,I walked over to the windows and saw it's raining outside. Reading the newspaper,I walked over to the windows and saw it's raining outside. 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 the program,they have to stay there for another two weeks. A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed having done having been done 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 doing done to do 目的状语 结果状语 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 You left with no goodbye'not a single word was said No final kiss to seal any sins —「Don't Yau Remember」 You left with no final kiss to seal any sins. 目的状语 结果状语 What have I done to offend you? 大翻白眼 康 熙 了子出水的官指的 中天粽合 cí 结果状语 only to 意想不到的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人不希望 它发生，消极含义。 doing 表示顺理成章的结果 结果状语 l hurried to the Railway Station,only to find the train had just left. His wife died three years ago, leaving him with five children. It rained for two weeks,completely ruining our holiday. having done having been done 意外结果；目的 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 doing done to do 1.判断逻辑主语 己 .判断主被动 3. 判 断 动 作 先 后 关键在省略 非谓语作状语 by the beauty of Nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted 关键在省略 非谓语作状语 All things ,her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A.consideration B.considering C.considered D.are considered 非谓语作状语 关键在省略 Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _(send)supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. 关键在省略 非谓语作状语 重点在于从句省略而来 状语 定语 定语 非谓语作定语 关键在省略 The bridge that was built in 1842 is a miracle. The bridge that is to be built is said to start next week The bridge that is being built will be finished next week. 非谓语作定语 关键在省略 怎 么 做 题 呢 1.无have 形式 己.不定式作定语均后置 3.分词作定语前后置看长短 4. 动名词作定语表示用途 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 己.不定式作定语均后置 I have a lot of clothes to wash. I have a letter to write. 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 己.不定式作定语均后置 They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this world —someone to love,something to do and something to hope for. 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 己.不定式作定语切后置 I need a pen to write. I need some paper to write. 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 己.不定式作定语切后置 I need a pen to write. I need some paper to write. ① 如果不定式后接介词，介词不能省 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 己.不定式作定语切后置 ① 如果不定式后接介词，介词不能省 ② 序数词、最高级、the last,the only,the next用来 修饰的对象后，用不定式作定语 (主谓关系) 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 非谓语作定语 关键在省略 己 .不定式作定语均后置 ② 序数词、最高级、the last,the only, the next 用来 修饰的对象后，用不定式作定语 (主谓关系) The last one washes dishes. A.to finish the dinner B.finishes the dinner C.finish the dinner D.finishing the dinner 1.无have 形式 己.不定式作定语均后置 3.分词作定语前后置看长短 4. 动名词作定语表示用途 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 3.分词作定语前后置看长短 the rising/setting sun a sleeping child a barking dog a sinking ship 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 3.分词作定语前后置看长短 a broken cup trained employees a retired general faded colors 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 3. 分词作定语前后置看长短 The question being discussed is very important. Anyone caught traveling without a valid ticket will be told the ending to the new Star Wars. 1.无have 形式 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 1.无have 形式 己.不定式作定语均后置 3.分词作定语前后置看长短 4. 动名词作定语表示用途 关键在省略 非谓语作定语 非谓语作定语 关键在省略 4. 动名词作定语表示用途 a sleeping bag a sleeping car a reading room a swimming pool 重点在于从句省略而来 状语 定语 After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope (provide). 非谓语作定语 非谓语作状语 We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision at the meeting will in the future of our company. A.to be made B.being made C.made D.having been made 非谓语作状语 非谓语作定语 The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket (cover)the desert. 非谓语作定语 非谓语作状语 It rained heavily in the south,,_ serious flooding in several provinces. A.caused B.having caused C.causing D,to cause 非谓语作定语 非谓语作状语 He hurried to the booking office,only that all the tickets had been sold out A.told B.to tell C.to be told D.telling 非谓语作定语 非谓语作状语 重点在于含义 表语 主 语 主语 非谓语作主语 动名词 不定式 重点在含义 不定式 To see is to believe. 形式主语系列→上节课好吗 非谓语作主语 重点在含义 (educate)in a famous university is helpful. 非谓语作主语 重点在含义 动名词 动名词 1. It is no use/no good/fun/useless/a waste of time/worth+doing. 2.There is no point/use/good (in)doing sth. 非谓语作主语 重点在含义 动名词 It is no good playing too much King of Glory There's no use playing too much King of Glory. 非谓语作主语 重点在含义 重点在于含义 表语 主 语 表 语 非谓语作表语 动名词 不定式 重点在含义 不定式 主语十系动词+to o 侧重于动作的将乐性 解释主语的内容 重点在含义 非谓语作表语 不定式 She is to study abroad. His duty is to bring us happiness. 非谓语作表语 重点在含义 不定式 主语十系动词+to do 主语为含有动词 do 的名词性从句，且主语从句以what,all, the only thing开头，动词不定式作表语时， to 常省略。 非谓语作表语 重点在含义 不定式 All you have to do is (to)press the button. What they have done is (to)amuse the public. 非谓语作表语 重点在含义 动名词 主语十系动词十动名词 解释主语的内容 非谓语作表语 重点在含义 动名词 Her hobby is shopping. Her hobby is badmouthing others. 重点在含义 非谓语作表语 重点在于含义 表语 主 语 宾补 状语 表语 宾语 定语 主语 重点在于固定搭配呵呵呵 宾补 宾 语 宾语 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 动名词 不定式 动词后用to do agre e,afford,arrange,ask,choose,care, deci de,determine, expect, fail, hope, hurry, manage, offer, prepare, promise, refuse,want,wish.. 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 不定式 他成功完成工作。 He managed 我希望下次拿第一名。 I hope (finish)his work. (get the first place) 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 不定式 next time. 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 凶主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 补 不定式 主+谓十宾十宾补 动 词 + it+ 宾 补 语 + to o 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 不定式 类型 形式宾语? find,make,think,feel,consider,believe 主+谓十宾十宾补 动 词 + it+ 宾 补 语 + to o l think it hard to answer this question in one go. He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor. 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 不定式 动名词 动词后用doing admit,avoid, complete,consider, delay, deny, enjoy, envy,escape,finish,give up,imagine,keep (on), mind, miss,practice, ris k, suggest, understand... 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 动名词 当介词后要用doing look forward to,object to,be opposed to,prefer doing to doing,in addition to,be/get used to,be accustomed to,devote to,be devoted to. 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 动名词 特定句型要用doing have difficultyl trouble/ problems/a hard time + (in)doing sth have(a lot of)fun/pleasurel a good time + (in) doing sth 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 特定句型要用doing can't help doing can't resist doing can't stand doing 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 动名词 我一时没有适应住这么大的房子。 I have a hard time (get used to, live)in a big place. 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 她逃过了罚款。 She escaped 动名词 (fine). 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 动名词 不定式 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 v.+doing /to do forget,like,mean,regret,remember, try,stop,continue,go on 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 v.+doing /to do forget,like, mean,regret,remember, try,stop,continue,go on 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 非谓语作宾语 重 点 在 背 ! ! v.+doing /to do remember,forget,regret doing = 已经做了 to do = 还没做 l regret telling you that. l regret to tell you that. 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾语 If we miss the train,it will mean staying overnight at a hotel. mean to do 打算做. mean doing 意味着. 重 点 在 背 ! ! 非谓语作宾语 I mean to help you. 重点在于固定搭配呵呵呵 宾补 宾 语 宾补 1. 感官动词+宾语+do/doing/done (see,watch,hear,feel.) do - 常态/全过程 doing - 主动/进行 done- 被动/完成 重 点 在 背 ! ! 非谓语作宾补 I saw him (break)the window. I saw him (beat)by the bully. 1. 感官动词+宾语+do/doing/done 重 点 在 背 ! ! 非谓语作宾补 非谓语作宾补 重 点 在 背 ! ! 2. 使役动词+宾语+宾补 (make,have,let,get,leave) make/have/let + 宾语+ do/done get + 宾语+ to do/done (wash)my shoes. (wash)my shoes. I have my mother I get my mother _ l have my shoes (wash). 重点在背!! 非谓语作宾补 3. 固定搭配 advise,allow, encourage, instruct (指导), beg, expect,forbid (禁止), prefer,remind (提醒), order, persuade(劝服)… call on(号召),count on(依靠),depend on(依靠), long for(渴望),wait for… 非谓语作宾补 重点在背!! 我说服他去努力。 persuade him 重 点 在 背 ! ! 非谓语作宾补 (work hard). 3. 固定搭配 重点在于固定搭配呵呵呵 宾补 宾 语 宾补 状语 表语 宾语 定语 主语 做题步骤? ( 思C 用 1.判断谓语非谓语 2.判断非谓语成分 3.判断主被动 4.判断动作先后 目的用 to do 先后用having done doing或being done 意外结果用 to do 自然结果用 doing 伴随用 doing 定语表语；无have 目的用 to do 有 逗 号 无 逗 号 前 有 逗 号 前 无 逗 号 句 首 非 句 首 空 格 (1).简单句谓语： Firefighter put out fires。 (2).并列谓语： Firefighter put out fires and saved people’s life. (3).并列句谓语： Firefighter put out fires and they saved people’s life. (4).主动句谓语： Firefighter who put out fires saved people’s life. 谓语动词出现的4种情况 第一步：确定是否作谓语 首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致： ①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)； ②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)； ③看人称和数， 确保主谓一致。 谓语满分攻略 易错题1. In the past few years, it _______________(help) more than 22,000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America. 易错题2. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) 易错点1---谓语的时态错误 has helped were 易错时态：完成时及前后时态不一致时 Tip 1: 谓语的时态判断顺序：a.看时间状语/副词> b.前后时态保持一致> c.语境意义 Tip 2: 常考时态的时间状语 一般过去时（常见时间状语：yesterday，last night，ago，this morning，just now，in 1998，the other day等） 一般现在时（客观事实或普遍真理，经常或习惯性动作，常与表频率词连用，表示按规定时间表计划安排要发生的动作等）: often，usually，sometimes，always，every day，once/twice a week，on Sunday，never，in the morning等 现在完成时 现在完成时被动 have/has been done “到目前为止”so far, by far, up to now, till now, by now等； “最近的” lately, recently, in recent years等； “在过去…的时间里”during/in/over the last(past) few years(months, weeks)等 “自从” ever since， since+ 过去时间 固定句型：1．It is the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done ... 2．It was the first/second/...time that sb.had done ... 3．It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb.did ... 4．It/This is the best/most interesting ...＋名词＋sb./sth.have/has done ... 增分小技巧 时态（write） 主动 被动（不规则动词表） 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般将来时 过去进行时 现在进行时 将来进行时 过去完成时 现在完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时 现在完成进行时 默写版 时态 主动 被动（不规则动词表） 一般过去时 wrote was/were written 一般现在时 writes is/ am/are written 一般将来时 will write will be written 过去进行时 was/were writing was/were being written 现在进行时 is/am/ are writing is/am/are being written 将来进行时 will be writing will be being written 过去完成时 had written had been written 现在完成时 have /has written have/has been written 将来完成时 will have written will have been written 过去将来时 would write would be written 现在完成进行时 have /has been writing 答案版 易错题1. In contrast, the United States_______________(report) to have 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census (人口普查). 易错题2. The production techniques_____________(upgrade) and the patterns became more various. 易错题3. During the last 2 years, building the Grand Canal national cultural parks____________________ (recognize) as a key task in the 14th Five-Year Plan. 易错点2---谓语的被动语态缺失 增分Tips:后面有by sb./sth.一定用被动；动词后面无宾语，大概率被动，有宾语，大概率主动（接双宾语的动词如tell等除外）。 were upgraded was reported has been recognized (have/has been done是现在完成时的被动) 易错题1.The Beijing Daoxiangcun Food Company, which ________(own) the brand and stores, is busy marketing its new product. 易错题2. The protection of endangered animals, especially those wild ones, ______ (be) important for the well-being of humans. 易错点3---忽略谓语与主语的一致 owns is Tip:定从的谓语要与先行词的单复数一致) Tip:长难句分析找到真正的主语，离谓语最近的不一定是谓语 *切记默熟不规则动词表 易错点4---变形错误 read read read hurt hurt hurt become became become throw threw thrown draw drew drawn begin began begun wear wore worn choose chose chosen rise rose risen forbid forbade forbidden write wrote written think thought thought seek sought sought bend bent bent make made made mean meant meant lay lain lain lie lied lied lay laid laid 1. 易 错 不 规 则 动 词 2.双写：重读闭音节（1.最后3个字母辅元辅 2.重读 3.元音字母发非字母音） committed committing regretted thinner thinnest runner swimmer 3.动词以“辅音+y”结尾，则改y为I,再加 es/ed Buried buries families happier happiest 4.以不发音的e结尾。则去e加ing. staring writing agreeing 易错点4---变形错误 返首页 分析： 第一步：确定填谓语。 分析句子成分可知，空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。 有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 【例1】　[2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city 42. the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). was built （来源于最新各地级市期末统考试题） 1. Considering the high altitude of the mountains, an automobile ride is required (require) to reach the top of the peak. 2. Many people chose (choose) to take a bamboo raft (筏)on the Li River, whose scenery is truly wonderful. 3. Hiking is recommended (recommend)for the hiking and photography fans and also the travelers who are curious about the local lifestyle or want a unique view of Li River. 4. The team treated over 2000 people who were injured (injure) in the 2004 earthquake in Indonesia 5. Southwestern Iceland has witnessed（witness）17, 000 earthquakes over the past week, according to the Icelandic Meteorological Office. 6. She, together with her teammates, helps(help) villagers sell nearly 500,000 kilograms of oranges every week. 7. Besides high-speed rail, China has improved (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade. 谓语易错题强化练习： 8. It sounds like a science experiment, but every single user who gives up their information becomes (become) an unwilling test subject. 9. Up to now, over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from 40 countries have found (find) their way to Litterati's digital landfill. 10. In contrast, the United Stateswas reported(report) to have 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census (人口普查). 11. While teaching at Tsinghua University in 2014, Yan Ning led(lead) a team to analyze the led three-dimensional crystal structure. 12. Though the majority of online users are (be) nice and friendly, there might be some users that/who make you feel uncomfortable online. 13. Gan is known (know) as one of the pioneers who shares country life and promotes sales of related products online. 14. For environmental protection reasons, no personal transport, not even bicycles, is permitted (permit) within the park. 2. 考查非谓语动词 种类 时态 主动 特点（表意 被动 不定式 一般式 to do 目的/将来/具体 to be done 动名词 一般式 doing 主动/习惯/抽象 being done 分词 现在 一般式 doing 主动/进行 being done 过去 一般式 done 被动/完成 done 返首页 种类 时态 主动 特点（表意 被动 不定式 一般式 to do 目的/将来/具体 to be done 进行式 to be doing 将来+进行 完成式 to have done 将来+完成 to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing 主动/习惯/抽象 being done 完成式 having done 主动+完成 having been done 分词 现在 一般式 doing 主动/进行 being done 完成式 having done 主动+完成 having been done 过去 一般式 done 被动/完成 done 返首页 解题攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。 【例2】　You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running. 分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。 too see dying 3. 动词题（考转化） 【出题方向】动词转化n.或adj. 【出题模型】① a/the + adj （do）+ n. (do) ② 介 + n. (do) ③ 介词+a/the + adj （do）+ n. (do) 【例3】Peter is a very _______ (help) person. He always helps others when they are in trouble. 根据上下文，我们可以推测出“Peter”是一个乐于助人的人，因此可以填写“helpful”。 helpful 动词题（考本身）解题法（总结） 名词：1、考本身：单复数的变化 ( ★★★★★) 2、考转化：变成需要的其它词性 形容词、副词 1、考本身：比较级或最高级。 2、考转化：形容词与副词的相互转化；形副与动、名词的转化。 高频考点之二：名、形、副词性转换 一、根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性： 名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子； 二、根据标志词及语境确定比较级； 三、根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 解题攻略 【例4】　[2021·全国卷乙] It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas. 分析： 第一步：确定是否考查词性转换 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。 development 1.动词转换为形容词：①-able结尾的形容词 accept→acceptable 可接受 ②v.＋ed/ing　转换为形容词 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 ③v.＋词缀ive 转化为形容词 attract→attractive　有吸引力的 ④v.＋词缀-ful/less 转换为形容词 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 2. 动词转换为名词 ①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration n．庆祝 ②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” achieve→achievement n．成就 argue→argument n．争论 ③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人” settle→settler n．移民者 educate→educator n．教育家 3.名词的单复数： 若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。 若有以下情况考虑名词复数： ①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。 ②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。 ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。 4.名词转换成形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。 注意名词变形容词的后缀 ①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable ②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural ③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful ④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden ⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy 5.名词转换成动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀 ①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励 danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险 ②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强 ③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉 6.填名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。 ①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-‘s。 ②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。 7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。 8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。 ②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。 ③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。 9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词； 1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等) 2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等) 3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等) 4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等) 5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 无提示词 一、无提示词解法思维导图 高频考点之一：填介词 解题攻略：当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。 答案： by 解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。 【例1】　（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 高频考点之二：填冠词 下列情况很可能填不定冠词： (1)________+可数名词(单数)； (2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。 下列情况下很可能填定冠词： (1)________ (+定语)+名词+ OF等介词短语(表示特指)； (2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)； (3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。 【方法总结】1： 如何判断空格处应填冠词？ 冠词的考点归纳： (1)定冠词的常考必备： ①定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“这 / 那个”之意，但语气较弱，可以和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物。 ②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到，但听话者一定知其所指。 ③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only，very，same之前。 ④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。 ⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等。 ⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前等等。 (2)不定冠词的常考必备： ①表示数量“一”，与one相近。②用在首次提到的人或物之前，表泛指。 ③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，一场，一种……”，也可以表示引起某种情绪的事，即抽象名词具体化使用。 ④用于be of a（an）+ n.结构中，表示“相同……的”。 ⑤ 用于so / as / too / how + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。 ⑥不定冠词a或an用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”之意，”相当于every或one，但概念上没它们那么强烈。 (3)零冠词的常考必备： ①称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，其前一般不加冠词。 ②在as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。 ③专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前， 一般不加冠词。 答案：the 解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。 【例2】（2022新高考I卷） Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 高频考点之三：填从属关联词 连词题解题逻辑图 句子分类： 1)简单句：①主语+谓语； ②主语+谓语+宾语； ③主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语； ④主语+谓语+宾语+宾补； ⑤主语+系动词+表语 2)并列句: 3）复合句：定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句 逻辑关系 并列连词 并列关系 转折关系 因果关系 选择关系 and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also but, yet, while(然而), whereas or, either...or... so, for 返首页 主语 宾语 定语 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 人 介词+ 物 介词+ 介词+ 介词+ for who that who whom that whom that which That/which which whose whose when where why which which which 定语从句的连接词 名词性从句 （主从，宾从，同位从，表从） 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that, whether, if What（主，宾，表）, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whichever等 when, where, why, how（问我外号） wherever, whenever等 返首页 类型 连词 时间状语 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly… when…, no sooner… than, the moment, immediately 原因状语 because, as, since, now that 地点状语 Where, wherever 条件状语 if, unless, as long as, in case, supposing, on condition that, provided(that) 让步状语 (al)though, as, even if, however, whatever, no matter…, whether… or等 结果状语 so that, so… that, such… that 目的状语 in case, for fear that, so 方式状语 as, just as, as if(though) 比较状语 as… as, than, the more… the more等 状语从句的连接词 【答案】that 【解析】设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，故填that；that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。所以填that。 【例3】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence_______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.  1.He was interested in the activity, _______ will be held next Friday. 2. He was interested in the activity. ______will be held next Friday. 3. I have many friends, all of _______ are very helpful. 4. I have many friends. All of _______ are very helpful. 易错点1---关系代词与人称代词不分 whom It which them *Tip：不能只根据意思做题，还要分析后面句子是定语从句还是完整主句。 1. Elsa and Anna’s adventure in Frozen II began 53 Elsa’s curiosity about a strange song 54 kept calling her from the north. 2. They began to depend less on　57　could be hunted or gathered from the wild. 易错点2---what与which不分 Which/that what *Tip：先判断是定从还是名从，指物且在句中做主、宾、表则，定从用which/that;名从用what. *重要提醒：不能看到时间地点相关的名词做先行词就填when/where,要具体分析关系词再从句的成分。 易错点3---定从关系代词与关系副词混淆 1)The time ________ I first met her was a very difficult period of my life. 2)The time ________ I spent with her was a very difficult period of my life. 3).The house _________ I was born was burnt down in the big fire. 4).The house _________ I bought was burnt down in the big fire. 5) This is the reason _____________________ he failed. 6).This is the reason ____________ he gave. when that where/ in which (which/ that) why/ for which (that/which) 1.Mark Twain started to work as a journalist on a riverboat, 58 he wrote many famous books. 2. The task is extremely challenging, ______ we have some professional experts to offer guidance. 易错点4---关系代词/副词与并列连词混淆 where 错误选项：and 错误原因：意思没看懂；并列句与主从符合句不分 Tip：关注句子意思，分析上下句关系，不要机械关注形式。 but 1.Yesterday we visited the West Lake for __________ Hangzhou is famous. 2.The old woman with _____________ you talked just now is a famous artist. 3. Tom said that he had never seen me before, ______ was not true.  易错点5---特殊使用不清 which whom *特殊用法1：定语从句里，介词后面只能用which/whom which *特殊用法2：逗号后面的定语从句（非限制性定语从句），不能用that Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion (传输) from her five-year-old brother, 47 had amazingly survived the same disease. 易错点6---特殊使用不清 who *特殊用法3：定语从句只用that的情况 1.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。   This is the very novel that I am looking for.  2. 当先行词有序数词、最高级修饰时。  You are the first person that I want to see. 3. 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰或本身是先行词时。 This is all that I want to say. 4. 当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which *重要提醒：不能看到时间地点相关的名词做先行词就填when/where,要具体分析关系词再从句的成分。 巩固练习 1)The boss is trying to create an easy atmosphere ___________ his employees enjoy their work. 2)It was likely to be the name of a company, part of _______ might include the name of the place. 3)Their aim is to create something ________ has never been seen before. 4) I'd forgotten the keys, ________ made it worse. 5) . In the period _68 Huawei had a win over its South Korean competitor, it invested more into its research. where when which that which 注意：可以给提示词，也可以不给提示词 代词——给提示词 解题：四选一 （①主格②宾格③形容词性物主代词④名词性物主代词⑤反身代词） 代词——不给提示词 解题：填it（90%）或one 难点：如何判断此考点? 判断原理：代词是名词的替身。 两个条件 ①首先判断：填空处需要名词。 ①有给提示词。 【快速解题】形式主语，形式宾语和强调句中的it 考点之四：代词 【答案】herself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。 【例4】（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of  6 __________  (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order." 高考真题 2023年1月浙江卷 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____62____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____64____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers. and originally surrounded were permitted featured spacious simpler as events the 分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式 【解析】 【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 【56题】考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 【57题】考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 【58题】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 【59题】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 【60题】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 【61题】考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 【62题】考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 【63题】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 【64题】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 【65题】考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 小试身手 一、辽宁2022-2023学年度高考适应性测试 Three-Body, the Chinese TV adaptation of Liu Cixin’s Hugo Award-winning sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem 56____ (release) on Chinese Central Television 8 and Tencent Video during prime time on Jan. 15. The hashtag (话题标签) for the 30-episode series 57____ (earn) more than 130 million views on China’s Twitter-like website Sina Weibo by Jan. 16, 2023. Many Chinese netizens commented that the story was 58____ (large) faithful to the original work. Many 59____ (prepare) for the series began seven years ago, with the crew closely consulting with science and technology experts and sci-fi specialists. It’s reported 60____ many scenes were shot on the grounds of distinguished Chinese scientific institutes. According to previous reports, the team worked 61____ the script (剧本) for four years and spent 126 days shooting, traveling to many places like Ningbo, Beijing and Heihe, and creating more than 270 film sets, 62____ reproduced details of the original book precisely. The Three Body TV series will be like the movie The Wandering Earth, 63____ (become) a benchmark (基准) for sci-fi TV series that forces filmmakers to continue to climb to 64____ (high) peaks, Global Times reported. The Three Body Problem has gained global attention because the work 65_____ (it) is the reflection of the development of human beings. 参考答案 56. was released 57. had earned 58. largely 59. preparations 60. that 61. on/at 62. which 63. becoming 64. higher 65. itself 56. 三体后很长的名词短语是Three-Body的同位语，本句没有谓语。 57. by+过去时间，主句用had done 58. faithful为形容词，用副词修饰 61.考查work on/at动词搭配 63. doing表示自然而然的结果 64. 持续攀登，必然是更高的高峰，语义上的比较。 二、湖北省高中名校联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期5月联合测评-英语试题 Rural basketball game goes viral on Chinese social media platforms China’s hottest grassroots basketball game was born in a primitive venue. Over the past months, a rural basketball game, “Village BA,” in Southwest China’s Guizhou Province, 56 (attract) widespread attention across the country for its warm atmosphere. Since the game was held by local villagers in Taipan village and most players came from villages, the game was affectionately known as “Village BA”, 57 (term) after “NBA”. Villagers held the basketball game to celebrate the local “Chixin” Festival, a traditional farming festival of ethnic minorities in southern China 58 (observe) a good harvest in early autumn and pray 59 another in the coming year. It not only attracted people from all over the country to cheer for the players, but also 26 official accounts to broadcast the event online simultaneously. “The closest thing to the NBA in Asia is not the CBA, 60 the ‘VBA’,” netizens said. During halftime, there were also amazing ethnic dance shows, and the prize for the winners was agricultural products, highlighting the local culture and 61 (equip) the game with “village characteristics”. Yao Ming, chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, said in an interview that “Village BA” could become widely known because it was not 62 (simple)a basketball game, but a grand event 63 gathered all neighboring villagers around the basketball court to enjoy the fun. “This kind of game has been developed for 64 (decade), showing basketball is a sport with 65 (extend) participation.” Yao also hoped the game would get better and help with the development of basketball in China. 参考答案 56. has attracted/has been attracting 57. termed 58. to observe 59. for 60. but 61. equipping 62. simply 63. that/which 64. decades 65. extensive 57. since引导时间状语从句，the game为主句主语，后跟谓语，term为非谓语，表示被动 58. held为谓语，举办活动的目的是去庆祝丰收。 60. 注意搭配 not...but...;whether...or...;from...to...;neither...nor... 61. 与前面的highlighting并列，都作状语。 65. participation为名词，需要形容词修饰，准确记忆extensive 三、武汉中学2023-2024学年度五月高二英语试卷 Emerging evidence in humans suggests a 56 _____(typical) Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain’s appetite control. After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a 57_____(great) desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full. The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)-a region of the brain 58_____ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby 59 _____(reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, 60_____ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on 61_____ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food, but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans. In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of 62_____ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes,researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent 63_____the hippocampus. Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team 64 _____(find) that not only do such high-fat,high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability 65_____ (control) our appetite. 参考答案 56. typically 57. greater 58. that / which 59. reducing 60. the 61. mice 62. toasted 63. on 64. have found 65. to control 57. 前文有worse，因此后文也用比较级 59. when引导时间状语从句，海马体可以让我们对食物的记忆减弱，为主句，后面跟自然而然的结果，因此用doing，且用thus来暗示。 60. can be 为谓语，前面缺主语，control为名词，填冠词，且指代前文出现过的，用定冠词。 61. mouse的复数为mice 62. 后面均为名词，需要用形容词修饰，因此填toasted 四、2022-2023-2雅礼中学高二下第三次月考 Chinese seal(印章) carving originated during the Shang Dynasty. In the beginning, the characters carved on seals were the same as 56 (that) used in writing, such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty. However, with Chinese writing57 (become) increasingly standardized and simplified, it became a tradition to use Xiaozhuan for seals. In ancient times, seals were regarded as 58 guarantee of authenticity. Today, they are more of a sign of authority of a legal person 59 an artwork. After the Qin Dynasty, materials for seals were 60 (strict) classified. Jade(玉) was only used for emperors, gold and silver for high-ranking 61 (official) and copper(铜) for the low ranks. Various types of stones were used from the Song Dynasty, 62 led to a boom for seal carving. 63 (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting, 64 (make) this traditional art more popular in China. To protect this artistic treasure, Chinese seal carving 65 (include) on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009. 参考答案 56. those 57. becoming 58. a 59. than 60. strictly 61. officials / officers 62. which 63. Earlier 64. making 65. was included 56.此处指代characters，为可数名词复数，且后面有后置定语，因此用代词those 57. 此处考查with的复合结构，Chinese writing和becoming之间存在主动关系，因此用doing 59. 前面有more of...，因此用than 61.本句句意为：金子用于皇上，金和银用于高等级的官员...，因此可填officials或者officers 65. 此处为谓语动词，in 2009时态过去，根据句意为被动，因此填was included. 五、2022-2023-2湖南师大附中高二下第三次月考 Diwali, known as the festival of lights, is a Hindu(印度教的) festival 56 (observe) in honor of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. It has long been a cultural holiday, during 57 the people get together, have parties, give gifts to each other and generally pray for 58 better-off future. For some communities, the day after Diwali 59 (mark) the beginning of the new year. Its dates change each year because they are based on the Hindu lunar calendar, but 60 (typical), the festival is celebrated in October or November. The 61 (celebrate) usually lasts for several days. People will often line candles and lamps throughout their houses and along their driveways 62 (light) up the surroundings. For Hindus, Diwali is a time 63 charitable giving and selfless service. They are required to reflect on 64 they are grateful for and how they can shine light on others as well. Hindus traditionally perform a deep cleaning of their homes and surroundings, as cleanliness 65 (believe) to be a prayer for wealth and well-being. Hindus also celebrate with colorful patterns of flowers, powder, rice or sand on the floor, which is meant to bring good luck. 参考答案 56. observed 57. which 58. a 59. marks 60. typically 61.celebration 62. to light 63. for / of 64. what 65. is believed 56.is为谓语，节日是被庆祝，因此observed 57. 非限定定语从句，which指导holiday 59.after Diwali为定语，修饰the day，作主语，后面mark为谓语，且为事实，一般现在时，单三加s 62. 人们经常...此处表示目的，light是动词 63. 宾语从句缺宾语，引导词what 64. as为连词，横线部分为谓语，考查sth be done to be/as adj./n 仔细检查 最后，在填写完成后，需要仔细检查所填入的单词或短语是否符合语法要求，是否符合文章的逻辑和意思。只有在仔细检查后，才能保证填好语法填空。 $$