02选择性必修第一册重要语法突破讲义(非限制性定语从句、动词-ing形式、将来进行时、主语从句)(人教版2019)-2024年高二英语培优提升暑假作业

2024-06-12
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 主语从句,时态,现在分词,定语从句
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2024-2025
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
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发布时间 2024-06-12
更新时间 2024-06-12
作者 improve 自己
品牌系列 其它·其它
审核时间 2024-06-12
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02选择性必修第一册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 非限制性定语从句+语法训练 Part two 动词-ing形式作宾语表语主语+语法训练 Part three 将来进行时+语法训练 Part four 主语从句+语法训练 非限制性定语从句 定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行间之间关系的紧密程度,我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as;关系副词有 where、when、why。 This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday. 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want. 我会带你去一家超市,在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。 2.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。 He is English,which I know from his accent. 他是英国人、那是我通过他的口音知道的。 This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you. 这是我们的校长,我认为他有一些重要的弯情要告诉你。 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1.形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号,而非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。 Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句) Guangdong will build another super large in-ternational airport, which will cost up to 35billion yuan. 广东又将新建一座超大的国际机场、这个机场将耗资多达350亿元。(非限制性定语从句) 2.先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。 This is te best novel that I have ever read.(限副性定语从句,先行词是novel) 这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。 The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting(非限制性定语从句,先行词为novel) 我昨天晚上读过那本小说,它非常有意思。 The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited(非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容) 这本小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。 3.关系词的使用情况不同 (1)that,why不可以引导非限制性定语从句 指物时要用which代替 that,for which代替why。 Most people didn't vote for him,which disappointed him. 大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他失望。 I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 ①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。 ②在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who或 whom。 This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.(限制性定语从句) 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。 The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.(非限制性定语从句) 这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下印象。 She has a handsome father, who is an English teacher.(非限制性定语从句) 她有一位帅气的父亲,他是一名英语老师。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。 This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.(限制性定语从句) 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。 The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to,is drawing near.(非限制性定语从句)我们正盼望的暑假就要来了。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句,而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,又可以是主句的一部分。 2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中或之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。 3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which引导从句时常译为“这;那”。常用句型有 as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。 关系代词填空 1.I communicated with a lawyer, point of view on the global affair was very novel. 2.Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new memebers, will take on many of the future repairs. 3.Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful. 4.He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. 5.Children, is always the case, love their mother. 6.Over 120, 000 people in Norway, of 40% are college students, use the app. 7.Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities, dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important. 8.Dream Variation is a most celebrated poem, theme deals with the dream of a world free of racial discrimination. 9. is often the case, he was late again this morning, made his head teacher annoyed. 10.Lucy was absent from Mr Smith's lecture yesterday, she made an apology to him. 汉译英 11.这家公司由许多小分公司组成,它们在市场上很有竞争力。 【答案】This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market. 12.天气开始好转,这让村民们欣喜若狂。 【答案】The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy. 13.我妈妈带我去了花店,在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句) 【答案】My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 14.我们不仅会欣赏书法作品,而且还会参加一个讲座(not only...but also倒装句),通过讲座(非限定性定语从句),我们可以更好地了解具有中国书法。 15.上周日我校举办了一次五公里越野跑,吸引了全校师生的注意。(无灵主语) 16.正如报纸上所报道的那样,两国之间的会谈正在取得进展。(as) . 17.“一人有难,众人帮”在中国很常见。 (common) 18.我们在一家餐厅吃了午饭,在那里我们品尝了一些深圳特色食物。 19.第一天,我们一起去了深圳欢乐谷,这是中国越来越多的主题公园之一,以观光、娱乐和游客参与为重点。 20.当陈华出生时,他患有一种罕见的疾病,这使他无法正常行走。 完成句子 21.正如《丑女贝蒂》主题曲中所唱的,“这是一个属于漂亮的人的世界”。 , “It’s a pretty person’s world”. 22.正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相。”(as引导非限制性定语从句) “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” . 23.众所周知,一个小小的善举可能足以起很大作用。 , a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a difference. 24.家家都有机器人。机器人可以帮助人们打扫房间、做饭、照看孩子等。(非限制性定语从句) 25.我的好朋友不理会我,我伤心不已,孤独如同潮水般涌来。 a. My good friend just ignored me, . Loneliness began to flood in. (非限制性定语从句;upset adj.) b. that my good friend just ignored me. Loneliness began to flood in. (what引导主语从句;upset vt.) 26.正如期望的那样,他实验做得非常成功。 He did the experiment successfully, . 27.结果他很成功,这超出了我们的期望。 He turned out to be very successful, . 28.游客站在楼顶上,在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。 The tourist was standing on the top of the building, . 29.以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中。 Previously, water quality in the Li River suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, . 30.通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。 Success, is often the case, leads to happiness 动词-ing形式作宾语表语主语 动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式可以作某些动词(短语)或介词的宾语。 Would you mind turning down your radio a lit-tle,please? 请把你的收音机音量调小一点儿,好吗? I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿街道以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑了过来。 In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden. 在业余时间,他们对在他们的花园种植蔬菜感兴趣。 1.习惯上接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词: admit 承认 advise 建议 stand忍受 permit允许 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 appreciate 感激 consider考虑 delay推迟 deny否认 excuse 原谅 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 escape 逃脱 forgive 原谅 imagine想象 keep 保持 mind介意 miss 错过 suggest 建议 practise练习 risk冒险 resist 抵制 dislike不喜欢 fancy设想 2.接动词-ing形式作宾语的短语: put off 推迟 insist on 坚持 feel like 想要 depend/rely on 依靠 object to反对 lead to 导致 succeed in 在······方面成功 be worth 值得 devote...to...献身于······ look forward to 期盼 give up 放弃;戒掉 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持 contribute...to致力于 apply oneself to致力于 owing to 归因于 get down to 认真对待······ be/get used to 习惯于 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长于 what/how about.... ··怎么样 be busy(in)doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事 spend...(in)doing sth 花费······做某事 have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 3.下列动词及动词短语后跟动词-ing形式和不定式都可以,但意义不同。go on to do sth 做完一件事后,接着做另外一件事 go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事情 regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth 对已经做过的事情感到后悔或遗憾 remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记了去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记了曾做过某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做原来的事情 try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth尝试着去做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着······ can't help to do sth 不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth 忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯于 4.attempt、begin、start、prefer、intend 等后接动词-ing或不定式作宾语均可,意义没有区别。 注意: 动词-ing形式作宾语时,其逻辑主语往往是句中的主语,但是如果要明确动作的执行者,也可以在动词-ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语。 I can't imagine John's giving a speech in front of so many people. 我无法想象约翰会在这么多人面前发言。 动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1.现在分词作表语,往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。 He remained standing beside the table. 他仍然站在桌子旁边。 作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有 moving、interesting、encouraging、disappointing、entertaining、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等。这类分词一般意为“令人······的”,一般用来修饰物。 2.动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。 For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 对于突发的心力衰竭,最好的生存机会就是让身边的人参与其中,快速做心肺复苏。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 注意: 动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句中的主语,但是用作表语的动词-ing也可以有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is his staying up late ev-ery night. 最让我担心的是他每天熬夜到很晚。 动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语 1.动词-ing形式作主语,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 Saying is one thing, and doing is another. 说是一回事,而做是另一回事。 Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy. 每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 注意: (1)单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 (2)两个或多个动名词(短语)并列作主语时,如果是一件事,谓语动词用单数,如果是两件事,谓语动词用复数。 Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 Watching TV and reading books are really interesting. 看电视和读书真的很有趣。 2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语 此类句式常见的有: It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。 It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的。 It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is a waste of time persuading such a personto join us. 劝说这种人加入我们真是浪费时间。 It is no use regretting for the past.悔恨过去是没用的。 It's useless arguing with them.跟他们争论是徒劳无益的。 3.动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语时的区别 动词-ing形式和动词不定式都可以作主语。 动词-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为,动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Singing is my hobby,and to sing at myfriend's birthday party is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好,在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语 1.作主语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为“形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格+doing..”。 His/Tom's being late made the teacher veryangry. 他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。 2.作主语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为“形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格+not doing...”。 Jerry's not arriving on time made the peoplepresent angry. 杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。 单词拼写 1.P up the essay is an experience completely different from writing it. 2.I suggest (不参加) the afternoon’s class. 3.   (理解) a text is an interactive process between reader and the text. 4.I spent hours r out the solution to the puzzle. 5.We need to identify the best ways of a our goals. 6.The winner has been disqualified for (作弊), so justice has been done . 7.Nobody’s listening in class, but the teacher just keeps . 8.Being (批评) by my mother made me in low spirits. 9.They started (宣传) the new model on television before it was in the showroom. 10.To our surprise, he had trouble (证明……有道理) such a massive increase in spending. 11.The AI application Sora offers us a new approach to t (处理) problems linked to videos. 12. (激发) students’ imagination is an effective way to improve their learning abilities. 13.B economic growth is one of the government’s goals at the moment. 14.Calorie restriction doesn’t advocate (挨饿). 15.While  being  k   about  body  language  is vital, the value of     (同感,共鸣) should not be understated. 16.Heavy trucks kept t past. 17.Politicians are reviving the notion that i (干预) in individual industries and companies appropriately can drive growth and create jobs. 18.We succeeded in p Jack to give up his plan. 19.The judge seemed to favor i (理解) the evidence in a way to support his innocence. 20.I kept (咀嚼;思考) on the incident, asking myself again and again how it could have happened. 21. (加强) these muscles with a series of eye exercises will prevent your eyes from getting tired effectively. 22.In (评估) historical personages, we should not lose sight of specific historical conditions. 23.One of her favorite things that she likes to do is d in Hainan, watching all those colorful sea animals and the great scenery underwater. 24.His whole body cannot help s after staying in the freezing wind for more than 3 hours. 25.When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite (获得) exceptional scores in maths and physics. 26.Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid being i   (感染) with the flu. 27.It also contains information that helps determine our l and (影响) our chances of c certain diseases. 28.Based on the (心理) behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into p their products or services. 29.C with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. (合作) 30.The job seems easy, but it involves (分析) large quantities of complicated data. 将来进行时 将来进行时的基本用法 1、表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 I will be studying in America next year.我明年将在美国学习。 2.表示已经安排好的要发生的动作。 We shall be meeting in Carrefour at 6 o'clock this afternoon. 我们将于今天下午六点在家乐福见面。 Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow. 汤姆明天将到机场为他的朋友送行。 3.表示预测可能会发生的动作。 When I arrive home, my mother will probably be waiting for me for lunch. 当我到家时,我妈妈可能正在等我吃午饭。 If we keep working hard like this, we will be making a miracle. 如果我们继续这样努力工作,我们会创造奇迹。 4.将来进行时用于疑问句、条件状语从句或宾语从句中,表示亲切或委婉的语气。 If you will be needing me for help, please let me know.如果你需要我的帮助,请告诉我。 Will you be staying here long?你会长时间待在这儿吗? 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 1.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,而一般将来时表示将来要做的事,事先没有考虑而只是在说话时做出的临时的决定或表示事物的倾向性、规律性和习惯。 I will be reading a book at 10:00 tomorrow morning. 明天上午十点我将正在看书。(将来正在进行的动作) It is a terribly heavy box. Don't worry, I'Il help you to carry it. 这是一个很重的箱子。别担心,我来帮你搬箱子。(临时决定) Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。 2.be going to do 表示计划、打算和安排要发生或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事,而将来进行时表示主观上臆断和猜测要发生某事。 It will be snowing now in London. 现在伦敦可能在下雪。(强调主观上臆断和猜测) Tom is going to cut the grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天打算去割草。(计划、打算和安排) 将来进行时与现在进行时的区别 现在进行时用于表示最近将要发生的动作时,必须有确定的将来时间;而将来进行时可以和确定的未来时间状语连用,也可以不连用,它既可以表示最近将来的动作,也可以表示较远将来的动作。 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Ladies and gentlemen, I (update)you on the current news at BBC channel 4 at 7:00 pm tomorrow. 2.We can’t go hiking this time tomorrow, because we (sit) an exam. 3.The librarian can't attend the meeting at 4 o'clock this afternoon because he (occupy) himself in checking the new books. 4.The presenter (demonstrate) his project at 15:00 next Monday. 5.Don’t phone or text our manager between 13:00 and 15:00 tomorrow, because he (attend) an important seminar then. 6.Take some keys with you. I probably (have) a shower when you get back. 7.I (expect) you at 9 tomorrow morning in front of the school gate. 8.Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. I (have) dinner at that time. 9.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (have) a class at that time. 10.At 9 o’clock tomorrow morning, I as well as Tom (make) a presentation about environmental protection in our school lecture hall. 11.Sorry, I can’t meet you at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon, because I (play) soccer then. 12.We (have) an Chinese class at 3 tomorrow afternoon. 13.I (read) the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. 14.The headmaster can’t attend the meeting at 8 o’clock tomorrow as she (make) an evaluation of Professor Hu in the office at that time. 15.In the future, our smart home (monitor) our health for us every day. 16.I can’t meet you at nine tomorrow. I (have) a meeting. 17.My twin sister will have a chemistry lesson tomorrow morning. This time tomorrow she (do) an experiment at the lab. 18.I (sign) an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. 19.—Guess what! We have got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK. —How nice! You (experience)a different culture this time next year. 20.Next Friday I (go) to another concert. They (play) something written by Mozart that evening. 完成句子 21.当我到家的时候,我妻子可能会正在看电视。(watch) When I get home, my wife . 22.下周一的这个时候你会在做什么?(do) What at this time next Monday? 23.明天八点我正在上英语课。 at 8 tomorrow. 【答案】I will be having an English class 24.格林夫人今晚不会来吃晚饭了,因为那时她正在听一场讲座。 Mrs Green will not be able to come for dinner tonight because then. 25.你出站的时候,就会认出我来,我将穿着牛仔裤和一件白T恤。 You’ll recognize me when you get out of the station. I and a white T-­shirt. 26.明年的这个时候,我们将正在北京度假。 At this time next year we our holiday in Beijing. 27.下星期的这时候,我们将在那个工厂工作。 This time next week, we . 28.你到家的时候我将正在睡觉,所以不要制造任何噪声。 By the time you arrive home, I , so please don’t make any noise. 29.今天下午3点我将看望我的祖母。 I at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 30.这个学期将于7月结束,我要回到乡下的家里去。 This term will end in July and I . 主语从句 主语从句的基本用法 1.主语从句的连接词 类别 例词 说明 从属连词 that,whether,if 三者在从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用;that无实义,whether/if表示“是否”均不能省略 连接代词 who,what,which,whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分 连接副词 when,where,how,why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.它是否对我们有害还有待观察。 What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me. 今天我看到的东西给我留下了非常深刻的印象。 Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.触犯本法者应予以罚款。 Whichever (of you)comes in first will receive a prize. (你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。 Where we shall do the test is still under discussion. 我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。 注意: (1)whether置于句首引导主语从句时,不可用if来替换。 (2)if引导主语从句时,要用it作形式主语,将if引导的主语从句后置,此时 whether与if可互换。 (3)主语从句中连接词的选择技巧: ①根据连接词在从句中所作的成分来选择; ②根据连接词在从句中的意义来选择。 2.it作形式主语 为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替。主语从句中it作形式主语时常用于以下句型: 句型 说明 It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等 It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等 It+及物动词+宾语+that从句 It+be动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、proved,said、decided、suggested、thought 等 It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有happen、occur、matter等 It's possible that he has been to Beijing.他有可能去过北京。 It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.你没参加这次会议太可惜了。 It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.我想到可以让人把书寄给我。 It is important that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。 It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。 注意: (1)在“动词+过去分词+主语从句”结构中,过去分词若为suggested、ordered、re-quired、advised等,主语从句中的谓语用(should)do。 (2)在“It+系动词+形容词+主语从句”结构中,若形容词为important、necessary、strange等,主语从句中的谓语用(should)do。 3.连接词选择原则 ①看从句中缺少什么成分,根据意思选择适当连接词。 ②不缺成分且句意完整则用that ③一找:从句 二查:有没有缺少成分缺少什么成分 三选:选择适当连接词 主语从句中应注意的问题 1.从句要用陈述语序 How he succeeded is still a puzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。 2.主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much. 毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。 注意:what引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多 个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear. 他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。 完成句子 1.最让我烦恼的是我的室友经常聊天到深夜,这让我难以入眠。 my roommates often chat late into night, which makes me sleepless. 2.最近在线学习被公认为是一种重要的学习方式。 a. Online learning an important way to study recently. b. . (用it作形式主语) 3.如果一个人面试迟到了,他就不太可能得到这份工作。(unlikely) If one is late for a job interview, he will get the job. 4.只要你尽最大努力了,赢不赢没有关系。 So long as you try your best, it doesn’t matter . 5.斯蒂芬·库里激励别人相信自己,他是一个活生生的例子,证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。 , Stephen Curry is living proof . 6.人们尚不清楚汤姆为什么没有早一点儿报告这起事故。(it作形式主语) Tom hadn't reported the accident sooner. 7.人们突然明白了,当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时,既不是夸大其词,也非比喻。 when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor. 8.我能否成功取决于我的信心和毅力。(it is up to...) I can succeed. 【答案】It is up to my confidence and perseverance whether 9.I was delighted that my brother was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games. → , my brother was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games.(介词短语) → my brother was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games.(what引导的主语从句) 10.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你所能做的一切都有帮助。(疑问词+ever引导名词性从句) Your support is very important to our work. . 11.尽管有人证明富兰克林进行了这一实验,但不止一位科学家对真实的情形提出过质疑。 Although Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 12.他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。(主语从句) surprised us all. 13.为了远离这些病毒的危害,建议我们应该养成健康的习惯。(it作形式主语) To stay away from the harm of these viruses, . 14.已经证实,家庭氛围对孩子的身心健康有很大的影响。 the atmosphere of the family has a great effect on children’s mental and physical health. 15. (让我感到印象最为深刻的是) was the relay race for the boys. Fighting for their classes, every one of them had to cooperate with each other and performed the best. The classmates cheered them on. 语法填空 16. makes it striking is it shows a thin figure with an (express) of fear. 17. seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei. 18. TCM doctors do know is that this rise and fall throughout the body is put down to the flow of qi throughout the body. 19.When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes she encounters all the way is an impressive gift. 20.It is believed that breaks the law will be punished and pay the price. 21. we’re fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as of Chang’e. 22. have long compromised the health of Nagqu students are low-oxygen environment and extreme weather. 23. they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. Meier took some basic materials metal, stone and glass. 24.For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent. 25.Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger! 翻译 26.对我个人来说,澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。 27.让同学们兴奋的是他们下周将去参观艺术展览会。(用名词性从句翻译)   28.令我们自豪的是,中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就。(用名词性从句翻译) 29.面对文化冲击,我们要做的是尽量避免迷茫与沮丧。(shock) (汉译英) 【答案】When we are faced with culture shock, what we should do is trying to avoid confusion and frustration. 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句和主语从句。when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,时间状语从句的主语为we,“面对”可以用短语“be faced with”,句子描述一般事实,所以用一般现在时,主语为复数,所以be动词用are。“文化冲突”可以翻译为“culture shock”。主句的结构为主系表结构,由主语从句充当主语,“我们要做的”可以翻译为“what we should do”,该从句由what引导,what在从句中充当宾语;主语从句作主语,表达是一个整体的思想,谓语动词用单数形式。be动词用is,“尽量避免迷茫与沮丧”可以翻译为“try to avoid confusion and frustration”,需要动名词形式作表语,说明主语的具体内容。故翻译为When we are faced with culture shock, what we should do is trying to avoid confusion and frustration. 30.据传那个有争议的问题引起了广泛的关注。(whisper) 31.事实证明这两种文化有些相同之处。(prove; common) 32.我突然想起来我们应当减少经济损失。(形式主语;occur) 33.真正要紧的是你是否能全神贯注于你的功课。 34.令我迷惑不解的是他为何不利用好这个机会。(puzzle; take advantage of) 35.在我看来, 除夕夜我们吃什么真的并不重要。(主语从句; on Spring Festival Eve) 36.让我们拭目以待该名运动员能否打破世界纪录。(remain) (汉译英) 37.当一个有正义感的人在帮助他人时,要考虑的不仅是受助者的情况,还有他自己的能力。 (account) 38.这位摄影师突然想到:他可以利用最不起眼的日常物品打造出一个奇幻世界。(hit) 39.让他懊恼的是,刚才他不小心把那个重要文件给删了。(frustrate) 40.已经得到确认,由于天气恶劣,会议将被推迟。(现在完成时被动语态) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 02选择性必修第一册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 非限制性定语从句+语法训练 Part two 动词-ing形式作宾语表语主语+语法训练 Part three 将来进行时+语法训练 Part four 主语从句+语法训练 非限制性定语从句 定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行间之间关系的紧密程度,我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as;关系副词有 where、when、why。 This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday. 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want. 我会带你去一家超市,在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。 2.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。 He is English,which I know from his accent. 他是英国人、那是我通过他的口音知道的。 This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you. 这是我们的校长,我认为他有一些重要的弯情要告诉你。 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1.形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号,而非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。 Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句) Guangdong will build another super large in-ternational airport, which will cost up to 35billion yuan. 广东又将新建一座超大的国际机场、这个机场将耗资多达350亿元。(非限制性定语从句) 2.先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。 This is te best novel that I have ever read.(限副性定语从句,先行词是novel) 这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。 The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting(非限制性定语从句,先行词为novel) 我昨天晚上读过那本小说,它非常有意思。 The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited(非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容) 这本小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。 3.关系词的使用情况不同 (1)that,why不可以引导非限制性定语从句 指物时要用which代替 that,for which代替why。 Most people didn't vote for him,which disappointed him. 大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他失望。 I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 ①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。 ②在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who或 whom。 This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.(限制性定语从句) 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。 The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.(非限制性定语从句) 这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下印象。 She has a handsome father, who is an English teacher.(非限制性定语从句) 她有一位帅气的父亲,他是一名英语老师。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。 This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.(限制性定语从句) 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。 The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to,is drawing near.(非限制性定语从句)我们正盼望的暑假就要来了。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句,而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,又可以是主句的一部分。 2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中或之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。 3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which引导从句时常译为“这;那”。常用句型有 as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。 关系代词填空 1.I communicated with a lawyer, point of view on the global affair was very novel. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我和一个律师交流了一番,他关于全球事物的观点很新颖。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a lawyer,从句中point of view与先行词为从属关系,关系词替代先行词作point of view的定语,故应用关系代词whose引导,故填whose。 2.Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new memebers, will take on many of the future repairs. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步,王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员,他们将承担未来的许多维修工作。分析句子成分可知,该空引导非限制性定语从句,the new members为先行词,指物,关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语,故用关系代词who。故填who。 3.Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:正如预测的那样,采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词,从句缺少主语,表示“正如……”,应使用关系代词as。故填as。 4.He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在比赛中有坚强的决心和毅力,这使他获得了成功。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 5.Children, is always the case, love their mother. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,在定语从句中作主语,关系词表示“正如”,需用关系代词as引导。故填as。 6.Over 120, 000 people in Norway, of 40% are college students, use the app. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:挪威有超过12万人使用这款应用,其中40%是大学生。分析句子,设空与前面的of构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,关系词指代前文的120, 000 people,为人,用whom。故填whom。 7.Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities, dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:文化遗产不仅仅是文物。例如,我国有许多民族,他们的舞蹈、手工艺和其他传统也很重要。分析句子结构可知,此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词many nationalities与空后的“dances, crafts and other traditions”之间为所属关系,所以此处使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 8.Dream Variation is a most celebrated poem, theme deals with the dream of a world free of racial discrimination. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:Dream Variation是一首最著名的诗歌,它的主题是关于一个没有种族歧视的世界的梦想。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是poem,关系词在从句中作定语,和theme之间是所属关系,应用关系代词whose引导,故填whose。 9. is often the case, he was late again this morning, made his head teacher annoyed. 【答案】 As which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:像往常一样,他今天早上又迟到了,这使他的班主任很恼火。分析句子结构可知,第一空为定语从句的引导词,且作主语,代替后面“他今天早上又迟到了”,且位于句子开头,所以用as。第二空为非限制定语从句的引导词,在句子中作主语,代替前面“他今天早上又迟到了”,所以which。故填①As;②which。 10.Lucy was absent from Mr Smith's lecture yesterday, she made an apology to him. 【答案】for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:露西昨天没来听史密斯先生的讲座,她因此而向他道歉。逗号后的部分是非限制性定语从句,对前面主句的内容进行限定说明,关系代词应该用which;“因某事向某人道歉”是make an apology to somebody for something,所以应该用for which引导定语从句。故填for which。 汉译英 11.这家公司由许多小分公司组成,它们在市场上很有竞争力。 【答案】This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market. 【详解】考查定语从句。“这家公司”可以翻译为“this company”,在句中作主语。“由……组成”可以用动词短语“ be composed of ”,本句话陈述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态。“许多小分公司”可以翻译为“many small branches”;branches为先行词,后面接非限定性定语从句修饰。先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。定语从句为主系表结构,主语为复数,时态为一般现在时态,be动词用are。“有竞争力的”可以用形容词“competitive ”;“在市场上”可以翻译为“in the market”。故翻译为This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market. 12.天气开始好转,这让村民们欣喜若狂。 【答案】The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy. 【详解】考查定语从句、名词、动词(短语)和形容词。根据句意,该句描述的是过去的事情,所以使用一般过去时,表示“天气”为the weather作主语,位于句首,the的首字母需大写,表示“开始”为begin,用一般过去时,所以应为began作谓语,表示“好转”应为improve,根据begin to do 可知,此处使用动词不定式形式;根据提示,表示“这让村民们欣喜若狂”应为非限制性定语从句,“天气开始好转”在从句中作主语,所以使用关系代词which作从句的主语,表示“让”应为make,使用一般过去时,所以应为made作谓语,表示“村民们”应为the villagers作宾语,表示“欣喜若狂”应为形容词短语wild with joy作宾补。故翻译为The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy. 13.我妈妈带我去了花店,在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句) 【答案】My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 【详解】考查定语从句。该句主句部分“我妈妈带我去了花店”可使用名词短语my mother作主语,take somebody to(带某人去某地) 作谓语,使用一般过去时,宾格me作宾语,“花店”翻译为a flower shop,作介词to的宾语;表示“在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草”可使用定语从句修饰先行词“a flower shop”,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应使用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句;从句主语是I,“欣赏”是动词enjoy作谓语,描述过去发生的事,使用一般过去时态,“各种各样的花草”翻译为all kinds of flowers and plants作宾语。故翻译为My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 14.我们不仅会欣赏书法作品,而且还会参加一个讲座(not only...but also倒装句),通过讲座(非限定性定语从句),我们可以更好地了解具有中国书法。 【答案】Not only will we appreciate calligraphy works, but also will we attend a lecture, through which we can have a better understanding of Chinese calligraphy. 【详解】考查部分倒装和定语从句。根据汉语提示,句子表述在未来发生的动作,故使用一般将来时。表示“不仅……而且……”用not only...but also...,not only置于句首,其后面的句子应该使用部分倒装的结构,表示“我们会欣赏书法作品”用we will appreciate calligraphy works,此处应该将will提到主语前面构成部分倒装;表示“我们将会参加一个讲座”用we will attend a lecture;同时表示“通过讲座”可以使用through which,其构成介词+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的结构,which修饰先行词lecture,为物,用which;表示“有更好地了解”用have a better understanding of sth;表示“中国书法”用Chinese calligraphy。故翻译为Not only will we appreciate calligraphy works, but also will we attend a lecture, through which we can have a better understanding of Chinese calligraphy. 15.上周日我校举办了一次五公里越野跑,吸引了全校师生的注意。(无灵主语) 【答案】Last Sunday witnessed a cross-country running race of 5 kilometers, which nearly drew the attention of all the students and teachers. 【详解】考查无灵主语、一般过去时和定语从句。根据提示可知,此处应用无灵主语,即last Sunday“上周日”作主语,用动词witness“见证”作谓语。表示“一次五公里越野跑”应用a cross-country running race of 5 kilometers。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Last Sunday witnessed a cross-country running race of 5 kilometers,所以应用关系代词which。表示“吸引全校师生的注意”应用draw the attention of all the students and teachers。此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。再结合其它汉语意思,故翻译为Last Sunday witnessed a cross-country running race of 5 kilometers, which nearly drew the attention of all the students and teachers. 16.正如报纸上所报道的那样,两国之间的会谈正在取得进展。(as) . 【答案】As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 【详解】考查定语从句、短语和时态。翻译“正如报纸上所报道的那样”使用as引导的非限制性定语从句,使用一般现在时的被动语态,“报道”为“report”,则翻译为“as is reported in the newspaper”;“两国之间的会谈正在取得进展”使用现在进行时,“会谈”为“talks”,“在两国之间”为“between the two countries”,动词短语“取得进展”为“make progress”,则“两国之间的会谈正在取得进展”为“Talks between the two countries are making progress.”。故翻译为:As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 17.“一人有难,众人帮”在中国很常见。 (common) 【答案】It is common in China that if/when a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand. If/When a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand, which is common in China. 【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“……常见”可用句型It is common that…,或用which引导非限制性定语从句which is common,表示“在中国”应用in China;表示“一人有难,众人帮”可翻译为用if引导条件状语从句,或when引导的时间状语从句,翻译为if/when a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand。为一般现在时和一般将来时。故翻译为It is common in China that if/when a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand. If/When a person is in trouble, others will help him/ offer him a helping hand, which is common in China. 18.我们在一家餐厅吃了午饭,在那里我们品尝了一些深圳特色食物。 【答案】We had lunch in a restaurant, where we tasted some food of Shenzhen specialty. 【详解】考查定语从句。“吃午饭”使用动词短语have lunch,“在一家餐厅”译为介词短语in a restaurant,“在那里我们品尝了一些深圳特色食物”译为一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是restaurant,“品尝”使用动词taste,“一些深圳特色食物”译为some food of Shenzhen specialty,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,句子是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故翻译为:We had lunch in a restaurant, where we tasted some food of Shenzhen specialty. 19.第一天,我们一起去了深圳欢乐谷,这是中国越来越多的主题公园之一,以观光、娱乐和游客参与为重点。 【答案】On the first day, we went to Shenzhen Happy Valley together, which is one of the growing numbers of theme parks in China, focusing on sightseeing, entertainment and visitor participation. 【详解】考查时态,从句和短语。根据句意,主句描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,“第一天”为on the first day,“我们一起去了深圳欢乐谷”译为we went to Shenzhen Happy Valley together,“这是中国越来越多的主题公园之一”译为定语从句,修饰valley,从句中缺少主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which,从句描述一般事实用一般现在时,“是中国越来越多的主题公园之一”译为 is one of the growing numbers of theme parks in China,“以观光、娱乐和游客参与为重点”用现在分词短语作定语,focus on“以……为重点”,观光“sightseeing”,娱乐“entertainment”,“游客参与”译为visitor participation,故答案为On the first day, we went to Shenzhen Happy Valley together, which is one of the growing numbers of theme parks in China, focusing on sightseeing, entertainment and visitor participation. 20.当陈华出生时,他患有一种罕见的疾病,这使他无法正常行走。 【答案】When Chen Hua was born, he suffered from a rare disease, which made him unable to walk normally. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态、时间状语从句、非限定性定语从句。表示“当……时”用when,引导时间状语从句,从句中:表示“陈华”用Chen Hua,作主语;表示“出生”用be born,根据语境可知事情发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,且主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was。表示“他”用he,作主语;表示“患有(疾病)”用固定短语suffer from,根据语境可知事情发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式suffered;表示“罕见的”用形容词rare;表示“疾病”用disease,根据汉语可知,用名词单数形式,作suffered from的宾语,此处泛指“一种罕见的疾病”,且rare以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。表示“这使他无法正常行走”用非限制性定语从句,关系词代替先行词disease在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导,从句中:表示“使得”用make,根据语境可知事情发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式made;表示“他”用him,作made的宾语;表示“不能做某事”用unable to do sth,作him的补足语;表示“行走”用walk,位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形;表示“正常地”用副词normally,作状语,修饰动词walk。故翻译为When Chen Hua was born, he suffered from a rare disease, which made him unable to walk normally. 完成句子 21.正如《丑女贝蒂》主题曲中所唱的,“这是一个属于漂亮的人的世界”。 , “It’s a pretty person’s world”. 【答案】As the song in Ugly Betty puts it 【详解】考查定语从句,时态和短语。根据中英文提示,“正如《丑女贝蒂》主题曲中所唱的”作定语,可译为定语从句,指代整个主句,表示“正如”,从句中作宾语,用关系代词as,“《丑女贝蒂》主题曲”译为the song in Ugly Betty,作从句主语,put it“表达”,表示“所唱”,描述一般事实用一般现在时,主语song是单数,谓语动词用单数,故填As the song in Ugly Betty puts it。 22.正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相。”(as引导非限制性定语从句) “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” . 【答案】as the old saying goes 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面句子的内容,表示“正如”,应用关系代词as引导;“老话”译为短语old saying,此处表示特指,其前加定冠词,the old saying作主语;“所说、所表达”使用go,从句是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,主语the old saying为第三人称单数,谓语用第三人称单数goes。故翻译为:as the old saying goes。 23.众所周知,一个小小的善举可能足以起很大作用。 , a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a difference. 【答案】As is known to us 【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语、主谓一致。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“众所周知”,用定语从句as is known to us,其中as引导定语从句,修饰主句,as在从句中作主语,与know“知道”为被动关系,结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态,as代替主句,be动词用is;be known to sb.“被某人知道”,表示“我们”用me,作to的宾语。故填As is known to us。 24.家家都有机器人。机器人可以帮助人们打扫房间、做饭、照看孩子等。(非限制性定语从句) There will be robots in every family, and so on. 【答案】which can assist people to sweep up the houses, cook meals, look after the babies 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和动词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知,此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,在该定语从句中,表示“帮助某人做某事”应为动词短语assist sb to do;表示“打扫房间、做饭、照看孩子”应为并列动词短语sweep up the houses、cook meals、look after the babies。故填which can assist people to sweep up the houses, cook meals, look after the babies。 25.我的好朋友不理会我,我伤心不已,孤独如同潮水般涌来。 a. My good friend just ignored me, . Loneliness began to flood in. (非限制性定语从句;upset adj.) b. that my good friend just ignored me. Loneliness began to flood in. (what引导主语从句;upset vt.) 【答案】 which made me very upset What upset me most was 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、主语从句、动词、时态以及形容词。由句意及句子结构可知空①处为非限制性定语从句,对空前句子内容进行补充说明,表示“使我伤心不已”,从句主语为关系代词which,指代上文主句阐述的内容,表示“伤心不已的”应用形容词upset,作动词make“使”之后的宾语补足语,动作发生在过去,所以空①谓语动词make应用一般过去时,所以空①答案为which made me very upset;由句意及句子结构可知,第二句表示“使我伤心不已的(事情)是我的好朋友不理会我”,“使我伤心不已的(事情)”为主语从句,从句缺少主语,表示“……的事情”应用连接代词what,表示“使某人伤心”应用动词upset,作谓语,应用一般过去时,表示“非常;很”应用副词most;,主语从句为what upset me most,“是”为was,that my good friend just ignored me为名词性从句作表语;设空处置于句首,what首字母大写,所以空②答案为What upset me most was。故答案为①which made me very upset;②What upset me most was。 26.正如期望的那样,他实验做得非常成功。 He did the experiment successfully, . 【答案】as had been expected 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、语态和动词。分析句子结构并结合中英文,设空处表示“正如期望的那样”,应用as引导非限制性定语从句。“期望”可表示为expect,为及物动词,这里表示的动作发生在did之前,应用过去完成时,且作主语的as和expect之间是动宾关系,所以应用被动语态。故填as had been expected。 27.结果他很成功,这超出了我们的期望。 He turned out to be very successful, . 【答案】which was beyond our expectations 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。根据中英文提示,空处缺少“这超出了我们的期望”,对主句补充说明,译为非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,从句中作主语,用关系代词which,谓语动词用单数,beyond our expectation“超出我们的期待”,介词短语作表语,主句是一般过去时,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,故填which was beyond our expectation。 28.游客站在楼顶上,在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。 The tourist was standing on the top of the building, . 【答案】where he could enjoy the beautiful view 【详解】考查定语从句、动词、形容词和名词。对比中英文可知,空处表示“在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景”,且空前有逗号,空处是对前面the top of the building的补充说明,可用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the top of the building在从句中作地点状语,主语“他”用代词he,“能够”用情态动词could,表示是过去发生的事情,“欣赏到”可用动词enjoy,“美丽的风景”可用名词短语the beautiful view。故填where he could enjoy the beautiful view。 29.以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中。 Previously, water quality in the Li River suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, . 【答案】many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river 【详解】考查名词,动词和非限制性定语从句。根据汉语可知,空处需填“很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中”的英语表达,用“代词+of which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句表示。“很多游客”表示为“many of the tourists”;“将垃圾扔入江中”表示为“throw garbage into the river”,根据“Previously”可知,描述过去的事情用一般过去时,动词用过去式“threw”;“经常”用副词“frequently”,作状语。故单独的完整句子应为“many of tourists frequently threw garbage into the river”,主句中“tourists”作先行词,指人,故定语从句中用关系代词“whom”,作介词of的宾语。故填many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river。 30.通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。 Success, is often the case, leads to happiness 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构以及句意可知,空处需要关系代词as,引导非限定性定语从句,代替整个主句,在定语从句中作主语。as引导非限定性定语从句时,定语从句的位置可以放到句首,也可以放到句中或句尾,意为“正如,正像”。故填as。 动词-ing形式作宾语表语主语 动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式可以作某些动词(短语)或介词的宾语。 Would you mind turning down your radio a lit-tle,please? 请把你的收音机音量调小一点儿,好吗? I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿街道以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑了过来。 In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden. 在业余时间,他们对在他们的花园种植蔬菜感兴趣。 1.习惯上接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词: admit 承认 advise 建议 stand忍受 permit允许 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 appreciate 感激 consider考虑 delay推迟 deny否认 excuse 原谅 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 escape 逃脱 forgive 原谅 imagine想象 keep 保持 mind介意 miss 错过 suggest 建议 practise练习 risk冒险 resist 抵制 dislike不喜欢 fancy设想 2.接动词-ing形式作宾语的短语: put off 推迟 insist on 坚持 feel like 想要 depend/rely on 依靠 object to反对 lead to 导致 succeed in 在······方面成功 be worth 值得 devote...to...献身于······ look forward to 期盼 give up 放弃;戒掉 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持 contribute...to致力于 apply oneself to致力于 owing to 归因于 get down to 认真对待······ be/get used to 习惯于 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长于 what/how about.... ··怎么样 be busy(in)doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事 spend...(in)doing sth 花费······做某事 have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 3.下列动词及动词短语后跟动词-ing形式和不定式都可以,但意义不同。go on to do sth 做完一件事后,接着做另外一件事 go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事情 regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth 对已经做过的事情感到后悔或遗憾 remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记了去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记了曾做过某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做原来的事情 try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth尝试着去做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着······ can't help to do sth 不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth 忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯于 4.attempt、begin、start、prefer、intend 等后接动词-ing或不定式作宾语均可,意义没有区别。 注意: 动词-ing形式作宾语时,其逻辑主语往往是句中的主语,但是如果要明确动作的执行者,也可以在动词-ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语。 I can't imagine John's giving a speech in front of so many people. 我无法想象约翰会在这么多人面前发言。 动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1.现在分词作表语,往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。 He remained standing beside the table. 他仍然站在桌子旁边。 作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有 moving、interesting、encouraging、disappointing、entertaining、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等。这类分词一般意为“令人······的”,一般用来修饰物。 2.动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。 For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 对于突发的心力衰竭,最好的生存机会就是让身边的人参与其中,快速做心肺复苏。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 注意: 动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句中的主语,但是用作表语的动词-ing也可以有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is his staying up late ev-ery night. 最让我担心的是他每天熬夜到很晚。 动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语 1.动词-ing形式作主语,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 Saying is one thing, and doing is another. 说是一回事,而做是另一回事。 Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy. 每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 注意: (1)单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 (2)两个或多个动名词(短语)并列作主语时,如果是一件事,谓语动词用单数,如果是两件事,谓语动词用复数。 Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 Watching TV and reading books are really interesting. 看电视和读书真的很有趣。 2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语 此类句式常见的有: It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。 It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的。 It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is a waste of time persuading such a personto join us. 劝说这种人加入我们真是浪费时间。 It is no use regretting for the past.悔恨过去是没用的。 It's useless arguing with them.跟他们争论是徒劳无益的。 3.动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语时的区别 动词-ing形式和动词不定式都可以作主语。 动词-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为,动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Singing is my hobby,and to sing at myfriend's birthday party is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好,在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语 1.作主语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为“形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格+doing..”。 His/Tom's being late made the teacher veryangry. 他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。 2.作主语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为“形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格+not doing...”。 Jerry's not arriving on time made the peoplepresent angry. 杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。 单词拼写 1.P up the essay is an experience completely different from writing it. 【答案】Polishing 【详解】考查动词。句意:润色和写文章是完全不同的体验。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用动词polish“润色,修改”,polish up“改善,改进”为固定短语。本句系动词为is,此处为非谓语动词,应用动名词,作主语。故填Polishing。 2.I suggest (不参加) the afternoon’s class. 【答案】skipping 【详解】考查动名词。句意:我建议不去上下午的课。根据汉语提示可知,表示“不参加”的动词为skip,suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”为固定搭配,空处应用动名词skipping作宾语。故填skipping。 3.   (理解) a text is an interactive process between reader and the text. 【答案】Comprehending 【详解】考查动名词。句意:理解文章是读者和文本之间的交互式过程。结合汉语提示,用动词comprehend,用动名词形式作主语,多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为,首字母大写。故填Comprehending。 4.I spent hours r out the solution to the puzzle. 【答案】reasoning 【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定短语。句意:我花了好几个小时推理出这个谜题的答案。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中做宾语,使用动名词。根据下文“out the solution to the puzzle(出这个谜题的答案)”可推理出空白处应填表示“推理”含义的动词,根据首字母提示“r”可知,以字母“r”开头且表示“推理”含义的动词为:reason,分析句子结构,spend+时间(in)doing为固定短语,含义为“花费时间做某事”,符合句意,所以空白处应填动名词,故填 reasoning。 5.We need to identify the best ways of a our goals. 【答案】attaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意:我们需要确定实现目标的最佳途径。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为动词attain“实现,获得”,满足句意要求,结合空前介词of可知,此处为动名词形式。故填attaining。 6.The winner has been disqualified for (作弊), so justice has been done . 【答案】cheating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:获胜者因作弊而被取消资格,所以正义得到了伸张。作弊“cheat”,分析句子结构可知,介词后要使用动名词作宾语,故填cheating。 7.Nobody’s listening in class, but the teacher just keeps . 【答案】persevering 【详解】考查动词和动名词。句意:课堂上没有人在听,但老师一直在坚持。根据“Nobody’s listening in class, but the teacher just keeps”可知,此处是指老师一直在坚持,所以应用动词persevere表示“坚持”,keep doing意为“一直做某事”,此处用动名词作宾语。故填persevering。 8.Being (批评) by my mother made me in low spirits. 【答案】criticized 【详解】考查动词。句意:被母亲批评使我情绪低落。根据提示的汉语,表示“批评”应为criticize或者criticise,分析句子结构可知,此空所在的部分应为动名词短语作主语,结合句意,此处表示被动意义,所以使用过去分词形式criticized或者criticised。故填criticized/criticised。 9.They started (宣传) the new model on television before it was in the showroom. 【答案】advertising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们在新车型进入展厅之前就开始在电视上做广告了。根据汉语提示,表示“宣传”含义的表达为:advertise,分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾语,使用动名词,故填advertising。 10.To our surprise, he had trouble (证明……有道理) such a massive increase in spending. 【答案】justifying 【详解】考查动词。句意:令我们惊讶的是,他很难证明如此大规模增加开支是合理的。此处应填动词,根据词义“(证明……有道理)”可知,为justify,have trouble (in) doing:做某事有困难,故填justifying。 11.The AI application Sora offers us a new approach to t (处理) problems linked to videos. 【答案】tackling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人工智能应用 Sora 为我们提供了一个解决与视频相关问题的新方法。根据中英文提示,以字母t开头且表示“处理”含义的词为:tackle,根据空白处前面的介词to可知空白处应填动名词,故填tackling。 12. (激发) students’ imagination is an effective way to improve their learning abilities. 【答案】Stimulating 【详解】考查动词。句意:激发学生的想象力是提高学生学习能力的有效途径。根据汉语提示“激发……(的兴趣)”可知,动词stimulate符合题意;作主语,陈述一般情况,用动名词作主语。故填Stimulating. 13.B economic growth is one of the government’s goals at the moment. 【答案】Boosting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:促进经济增长是政府目前的目标之一。根据下文“economic growth is one of the government’s goals at the moment(……经济增长是政府目前的目标之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“促进”含义的表达,表示该含义的词为:boost,因空白处在句子中做主语,使用动名词,故填Boosting。 14.Calorie restriction doesn’t advocate (挨饿). 【答案】starving 【详解】考查动词。句意:热量限制并不提倡挨饿。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词starve,固定搭配advocate doing sth.“提倡做某事”,动名词作为宾语。故填starving。 15.While  being  k   about  body  language  is vital, the value of     (同感,共鸣) should not be understated. 【答案】 knowledgeable empathy 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意:虽然了解肢体语言至关重要,但不应低估同理心的价值。根据首字母和句意可知,第一空应填knowledgeable,表“知识渊博的”,为形容词,在本句中作表语,第二空根据中文提示可知,表示“同感,共鸣”应用empathy,为不可数名词,在本句中作介词后宾语。故填knowledgeable;empathy。 16.Heavy trucks kept t past. 【答案】thundering 【详解】考查动词、非谓语动词。句意:重型卡车不断轰隆隆地驶过。根据上文“Heavy trucks(重型卡车)”可推理出空白处应填表示“轰隆隆地驶过”含义的动词,根据首字母提示,以t开头且表示“轰隆隆地驶过”含义的动词为:thunder,因空白处在句子中作宾语,使用动名词,故填thundering。 17.Politicians are reviving the notion that i (干预) in individual industries and companies appropriately can drive growth and create jobs. 【答案】intervening 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:政客们正在重新树立这样一种观念,即适当干预个别行业和公司可以推动增长并创造就业机会。根据汉语及首字母提示可知,此处使用动词intervene“干预”,that引导的定语从句的谓语为can drive和create,此处为非谓语动词,应用动名词,作主语。故填intervening。 18.We succeeded in p Jack to give up his plan. 【答案】persuading 【详解】考查动词。句意:我们成功地说服杰克放弃了他的计划。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用动词persuade“说服”,succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”,in后面用动名词作宾语。故填persuading。 19.The judge seemed to favor i (理解) the evidence in a way to support his innocence. 【答案】interpreting 【详解】考查动词的动名词形式。句意:法官似乎偏向于以一种支持他无罪的方式来理解证据。根据中英文提示和空后的the evidence可知,这里应用及物动词interpret,意为“把……理解为,领会,解释,说明”。favor doing sth.意为“较喜欢做某事,偏向于做某事”,动名词作宾语。故填interpreting。 20.I kept (咀嚼;思考) on the incident, asking myself again and again how it could have happened. 【答案】chewing 【详解】考查动词。句意:我一直在琢磨这件事,一遍又一遍地问自己这是怎么发生的。根据提示的汉语,表示“咀嚼;思考”应为chew,分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作宾语,根据keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”可知,此处应为动名词形式chewing。故填chewing。 21. (加强) these muscles with a series of eye exercises will prevent your eyes from getting tired effectively. 【答案】Strengthening 【详解】考查动词。句意:通过一系列的眼保健操来加强这些肌肉,可以有效地防止眼睛疲劳。“加强”应用动词strengthen,和空后的these muscles with a series of eye exercises搭配,作句子的主语,因为介绍的是一件已知的经验,strengthen应用动名词形式,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Strengthening。 22.In (评估) historical personages, we should not lose sight of specific historical conditions. 【答案】evaluating 【详解】考查动名词。句意:评价历史人物,不能脱离具体的历史条件。evaluate为动词,表示“评估”,符合句意;根据介词“In”可知,应用动名词形式,作宾语。故填evaluating。 23.One of her favorite things that she likes to do is d in Hainan, watching all those colorful sea animals and the great scenery underwater. 【答案】diving 【详解】考查动词。句意:她最喜欢做的事情之一是在海南潜水,看水下的那些五颜六色的海洋动物和美景。根据句中的watching all those colorful sea animals and the great scenery underwater可知,这里指的是潜水,再结合首字母提示,这里应用不及物动词dive。空处在句中作表语,且表示一般性的动作,所以应用动名词。故填diving。 24.His whole body cannot help s after staying in the freezing wind for more than 3 hours. 【答案】shivering 【详解】考查动词。句意:在寒风中呆了3个多小时,他全身都在发抖。根据首字母以及“after staying in the freezing wind for more than 3 hours”可知,空处需要动词shiver“颤抖”,符合语境。cannot help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”。故填shivering。 25.When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite (获得) exceptional scores in maths and physics. 【答案】obtaining 【详解】考查动词。句意:16岁时,他试图进入瑞士的大学,但由于在入学考试的一般部分成绩较低而失败,尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异成绩。根据汉语提示“获得”可知,此处使用动词obtain,结合空前的介词despite可知,应用动名词,作despite的宾语。故填obtaining。 26.Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid being i   (感染) with the flu. 【答案】infected 【详解】考查动词。句意:定期进行体育锻炼是避免感染流感的有效方法。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“感染”应用infect,为动词,且这里考查be infected with表“被感染”,为固定搭配,符合句意。故填infected。 27.It also contains information that helps determine our l and (影响) our chances of c certain diseases. 【答案】 lifespan affects contracting 【详解】考查名词和动词。句意:它还包含有助于决定我们的寿命和影响我们感染某些疾病的机会的信息。根据句意及中英文提示可知,第一空表示“寿命”,lifespan“寿命”,名词,在句中作动词determine的宾语;第二空表示“影响”,affect“影响”,动词,第二空是和“helps”并列的谓语动词,应用单数形式;第三空表示“感染疾病”,contract“感染疾病”,动词,作介词of的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填①lifespan②affects③contracting。 28.Based on the (心理) behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into p their products or services. 【答案】 psychology purchasing 【详解】考查名词与动词。句意:根据创造购买欲望的心理,广告商已经开发出一些说服人们购买他们的产品或服务的方法。心理,psychology;根据句意,广告商努力劝服人们购买产品,persuade sb into doing。故填psychology和purchasing。 29.C with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. (合作) 【答案】Cooperating 【详解】考查动名词。句意:与来自不同文化背景的人交往有助于我们从不同的角度看世界,因此让我们更深入地了解自己的文化。根据句意,“与不同文化背景的人们交往”作句子主语,故用动名词,cooperate的动名词是cooperating,首字母大写。故填Cooperating。 30.The job seems easy, but it involves (分析) large quantities of complicated data. 【答案】analysing 【详解】考查动名词。句意:这项工作看起来很容易,但它涉及到分析大量复杂的数据。根据汉语提示“分析”可知,本空用动词analyse/analyze,involve“涉及”后跟动名词,故本题用动名词analysing/analyzing,作involves的宾语。故填analysing/analyzing。 将来进行时 将来进行时的基本用法 1、表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 I will be studying in America next year.我明年将在美国学习。 2.表示已经安排好的要发生的动作。 We shall be meeting in Carrefour at 6 o'clock this afternoon. 我们将于今天下午六点在家乐福见面。 Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow. 汤姆明天将到机场为他的朋友送行。 3.表示预测可能会发生的动作。 When I arrive home, my mother will probably be waiting for me for lunch. 当我到家时,我妈妈可能正在等我吃午饭。 If we keep working hard like this, we will be making a miracle. 如果我们继续这样努力工作,我们会创造奇迹。 4.将来进行时用于疑问句、条件状语从句或宾语从句中,表示亲切或委婉的语气。 If you will be needing me for help, please let me know.如果你需要我的帮助,请告诉我。 Will you be staying here long?你会长时间待在这儿吗? 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 1.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,而一般将来时表示将来要做的事,事先没有考虑而只是在说话时做出的临时的决定或表示事物的倾向性、规律性和习惯。 I will be reading a book at 10:00 tomorrow morning. 明天上午十点我将正在看书。(将来正在进行的动作) It is a terribly heavy box. Don't worry, I'Il help you to carry it. 这是一个很重的箱子。别担心,我来帮你搬箱子。(临时决定) Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。 2.be going to do 表示计划、打算和安排要发生或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事,而将来进行时表示主观上臆断和猜测要发生某事。 It will be snowing now in London. 现在伦敦可能在下雪。(强调主观上臆断和猜测) Tom is going to cut the grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天打算去割草。(计划、打算和安排) 将来进行时与现在进行时的区别 现在进行时用于表示最近将要发生的动作时,必须有确定的将来时间;而将来进行时可以和确定的未来时间状语连用,也可以不连用,它既可以表示最近将来的动作,也可以表示较远将来的动作。 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Ladies and gentlemen, I (update)you on the current news at BBC channel 4 at 7:00 pm tomorrow. 【答案】will  be updating 【详解】考查时态。句意:女士们,先生们,我将于明天晚上7点在英国广播公司第四频道向您介绍最新新闻。根据时间状语at 7:00 pm tomorrow可知,要使用将来进行时,故填will be updating。 2.We can’t go hiking this time tomorrow, because we (sit) an exam. 【答案】will be sitting 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意:明天这个时候我们不能去爬山了,因为我们要参加考试。根据“this time tomorrow”可知,此处指“明天这个时候我们要参加考试”,指将来某个时间正在发生的事情,应用将来进行时,故填will be sitting。 3.The librarian can't attend the meeting at 4 o'clock this afternoon because he (occupy) himself in checking the new books. 【答案】will be occupying 【详解】考查时态。句意:图书管理员不能参加今天下午4点的会议,因为他要忙着核查新书。分析句子可知,occupy是谓语动词,由前文的at 4 o'clock this afternoon可知,描述将来某一段时间在进行的动作用将来进行时,故填will be occupying。 4.The presenter (demonstrate) his project at 15:00 next Monday. 【答案】will be demonstrating 【详解】考查时态。句意:在下周一15:00,这位演讲者将正在展示他的项目。根据句中的时间状语at 15: 00 next Monday可知,这里表示在将来正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。故填will be demonstrating。 5.Don’t phone or text our manager between 13:00 and 15:00 tomorrow, because he (attend) an important seminar then. 【答案】will be attending 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意:明天下午一点到三点之间不要给我们的经理打电话或发信息,因为那时他将正在参加一个重要的研讨会。根据between 13:00 and 15:00 tomorrow可知,此处时态为将来进行时,结构为will be doing,attend表示“参加”,动词词性,现在分词为attending,故填will be attending。 6.Take some keys with you. I probably (have) a shower when you get back. 【答案】 will be having 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:带上钥匙。你回来的时候我可能会在洗澡。分析句子可知,设空处是句子的谓语部分,根据句意可知,“洗澡”这个动作是将来某个时刻正在发生的动作,应使用将来进行时。故填①will;②be having。 7.I (expect) you at 9 tomorrow morning in front of the school gate. 【答案】will be expecting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:明天早上9点我在校门口等你。根据句意及at 9 tomorrow morning可知,此处描述将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。故填will be expecting。 8.Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. I (have) dinner at that time. 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:别在5点到6点之间给我打电话。那时我正在吃晚饭。根据句意及at that time可知,此处描述将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。故填will be having。 9.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (have) a class at that time. 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:简不能参加今天下午3点的会议了,因为她那时正在上课。根据句意及at that time可知,此处描述将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。故填will be having。 10.At 9 o’clock tomorrow morning, I as well as Tom (make) a presentation about environmental protection in our school lecture hall. 【答案】will be making 【详解】考查时态。句意:明天早上9点,我和汤姆将在学校报告厅做一个关于环境保护的报告。make是句中谓语动词,结合时间状语At 9 o’clock tomorrow morning可推知,描述将来某一时间点正在发生的事情,用将来进行时态will be making。故填will be making。 11.Sorry, I can’t meet you at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon, because I (play) soccer then. 【答案】will be playing 【详解】考查时态。句意:对不起,明天下午五点我不能和你见面,因为那时我在踢足球。分许句子结构可知,空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据“at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon”可知,从句中的时态为将来进行时,表示将来的某一时间点或时间段正在做某事。故填will be playing。 12.We (have) an Chinese class at 3 tomorrow afternoon. 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查时态。句意:我们明天下午3点将正在上语文课。根据句中的时间状语at 3 tomorrow afternoon可知,这里指在将来某一时间正在发生的事情,应用将来进行时。故填will be having。 13.I (read) the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be reading 【详解】考查时态。句意:明天这个时候我将正在读从图书馆借的那本小说。设空处在句中作谓语动词,根据时间状语“at this time tomorrow”可知,此句阐述的是“明天这个时候正在读小说”,表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或处于的状态用将来进行时,谓语动词为will be doing,因此,设空处填will be reading。故填will be reading。 14.The headmaster can’t attend the meeting at 8 o’clock tomorrow as she (make) an evaluation of Professor Hu in the office at that time. 【答案】will be making 【详解】考查时态。句意:校长明天8点不能参加会议,因为那时她正在办公室给胡教授做评估。根据“at 8 o’clock tomorrow”和“at that time”可知,此处表示明天8点的那个时候她正在进行评估,因此时态应用将来进行时,空处应用will be doing的形式。故填will be making。 15.In the future, our smart home (monitor) our health for us every day. 【答案】will be monitoring 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:在未来,我们的智能家居将每天为我们监测我们的健康状况。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语,所以monitor作本句谓语,根据时间状语In the future,应该用一般将来时,以及every day描述的是一直持续的状态,所以应是将来进行时。故填will be monitoring。 16.I can’t meet you at nine tomorrow. I (have) a meeting. 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我明天九点不能见你。我要开个会。根据时间状语at nine tomorrow表示那段时间一直做某事,应用将来进行时。用will be doing。故填will be meeting。 17.My twin sister will have a chemistry lesson tomorrow morning. This time tomorrow she (do) an experiment at the lab. 【答案】will be doing 【详解】考查时态。句意:我的双胞胎妹妹明天上午要上化学课。明天这个时候她将在实验室做实验。空处作句子的谓语,根据时间状语“This time tomorrow”可知,此处表示将来的某一时刻某一动作正在进行,时态应用将来进行时,空处应用will be doing的形式。故填will be doing。 18.I (sign) an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be signing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:明天这个时候我就要签署器官捐赠协议了。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,由该句this time tomorrow时间状语可知,此处应为将来进行时,表示将来某一时间点正在做的事情。故填will be signing。 19.—Guess what! We have got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK. —How nice! You (experience)a different culture this time next year. 【答案】will be experiencing 【详解】考查时态。句意:——你猜怎么着,我们拿到了到英国短期旅游的签证。——太好了!那你们明年这个时候就可以体验一种不同的文化了。分析句子结构,根据时间状语this time next year并结合句意可知,本句表示的是将来一段时间内正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时,故填will be experiencing。 20.Next Friday I (go) to another concert. They (play) something written by Mozart that evening. 【答案】 shall go/will go will be playing 【详解】考查时态。句意:下星期五我将去听另一场音乐会。那天晚上他们将演奏莫扎特的作品。第一空在句中作谓语动词,根据时间状语Next Friday以及句意可知此句表示将来要发生的动作,用一般将来时,主语为I,第一空填shall/will go;第二空在句中作谓语动词,根据上文“Next Friday I ___ (go) to another concert.”以及句中的时间状语“that evening”可知此句表示将来某一时间段正在进行的动作,且表示已经计划好的事情,用将来进行时,设空处填will be playing。故答案为①shall/will go;②will be playing。 完成句子 21.当我到家的时候,我妻子可能会正在看电视。(watch) When I get home, my wife . 【答案】will probably be watching TV 【详解】考查将来进行时。根据中文提示可知,表示“可能会正在看电视”应用will probably be watching TV,其中will be doing为将来进行时,表示将来某时刻正在发生的动作。故填will probably be watching TV。 22.下周一的这个时候你会在做什么?(do) What at this time next Monday? 【答案】will you be doing 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语提示,表示“做”含义的动词为do;表示“你”含义的词为you;根据下文“at this time next Monday(下周一的这个时候)”可知句子表达的是在将来的某个时间正在发生或正在进行的动作,谓语动词使用将来进行时,因句子为特殊疑问句,使用部分倒装结构,故填will you be doing. 23.明天八点我正在上英语课。 at 8 tomorrow. 【答案】I will be having an English class 【详解】考查时态,短语和代词。“我”可以表示为“I”;“上英语课”可以表示为“have an English class”,句意表示“将来某段时间正在进行的动作”,可以表示为will be doing的结构,故填I will be having an English class。 24.格林夫人今晚不会来吃晚饭了,因为那时她正在听一场讲座。 Mrs Green will not be able to come for dinner tonight because then. 【答案】she will be having a lecture 【详解】考查时态和短语。“听一场讲座”可以表示为have a lecture,根据will not be able to come和then可知,句意表示将来的某段时间内一直进行的动作,可以用will be doing(将来进行时)结构。故填she will be having a lecture。 25.你出站的时候,就会认出我来,我将穿着牛仔裤和一件白T恤。 You’ll recognize me when you get out of the station. I and a white T-­shirt. 【答案】will be wearing jeans 【详解】考查时态和短语。“穿着”可以表示为wear;“牛仔裤”可以表示为jeans,句意表示将来某段时间正穿着,可以用will be doing(将来进行时)的结构。故填will be wearing jeans。 26.明年的这个时候,我们将正在北京度假。 At this time next year we our holiday in Beijing. 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查动词时态。根据时间状语“At this time next year”和句意可知,本句应用将来进行时,表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作;动词短语have one’s holiday表示“度假”,故本句可译为At this time next year we will be having our holiday in Beijing。故填will be having。 27.下星期的这时候,我们将在那个工厂工作。 This time next week, we . 【答案】will be working in that factory 【详解】考查时态。“工作”可以表示为work;“在那个工厂”可以表示为in that factory,句意表示将来某一段时间会发生的事情或动作,用将来进行时will be doing结构。故填will be working in that factory。 28.你到家的时候我将正在睡觉,所以不要制造任何噪声。 By the time you arrive home, I , so please don’t make any noise. 【答案】will be sleeping 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意:你到家的时候我将正在睡觉,所以不要制造任何噪声。结合本句中时间状语By the time you arrive home“你到家的时候”可知,时间为将来的时间,结合情景可知,“睡觉”这个动作在“你到家时”正在发生,所以用进行时。综上,本句时态为将来进行时。故填will be sleeping。 29.今天下午3点我将看望我的祖母。 I at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 【答案】will/shall be visiting my grandmother 【详解】考查时态。根据句中的时间状语at 3 o’clock this afternoon可知,这里表示在将来某个时间正在发生的事情,应用将来进行时,即“will/shall be doing”的形式,shall常用于第一、三人称,will可用于各个人称。visit意为“看望”,为及物动词。故答案为will/shall be visiting my grandmother。 30.这个学期将于7月结束,我要回到乡下的家里去。 This term will end in July and I . 【答案】will/shall be going back home in the country 【详解】考查时态。根据句中的will end和句意可知,这里表示将来发生的事情,且表示已经决定好会做的事情,应用将来进行时,即“will/shall be doing”的形式,will可用于各个人称,shall常用于第一、三人称。go back home意为“回家”;in the country意为“在乡下”,在句中可作定语。故答案为will/shall be going back home in the country。 主语从句 主语从句的基本用法 1.主语从句的连接词 类别 例词 说明 从属连词 that,whether,if 三者在从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用;that无实义,whether/if表示“是否”均不能省略 连接代词 who,what,which,whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分 连接副词 when,where,how,why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.它是否对我们有害还有待观察。 What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me. 今天我看到的东西给我留下了非常深刻的印象。 Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.触犯本法者应予以罚款。 Whichever (of you)comes in first will receive a prize. (你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。 Where we shall do the test is still under discussion. 我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。 注意: (1)whether置于句首引导主语从句时,不可用if来替换。 (2)if引导主语从句时,要用it作形式主语,将if引导的主语从句后置,此时 whether与if可互换。 (3)主语从句中连接词的选择技巧: ①根据连接词在从句中所作的成分来选择; ②根据连接词在从句中的意义来选择。 2.it作形式主语 为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替。主语从句中it作形式主语时常用于以下句型: 句型 说明 It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等 It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等 It+及物动词+宾语+that从句 It+be动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、proved,said、decided、suggested、thought 等 It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有happen、occur、matter等 It's possible that he has been to Beijing.他有可能去过北京。 It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.你没参加这次会议太可惜了。 It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.我想到可以让人把书寄给我。 It is important that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。 It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。 注意: (1)在“动词+过去分词+主语从句”结构中,过去分词若为suggested、ordered、re-quired、advised等,主语从句中的谓语用(should)do。 (2)在“It+系动词+形容词+主语从句”结构中,若形容词为important、necessary、strange等,主语从句中的谓语用(should)do。 3.连接词选择原则 ①看从句中缺少什么成分,根据意思选择适当连接词。 ②不缺成分且句意完整则用that ③一找:从句 二查:有没有缺少成分缺少什么成分 三选:选择适当连接词 主语从句中应注意的问题 1.从句要用陈述语序 How he succeeded is still a puzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。 2.主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much. 毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。 注意:what引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多 个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear. 他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。 完成句子 1.最让我烦恼的是我的室友经常聊天到深夜,这让我难以入眠。 my roommates often chat late into night, which makes me sleepless. 【答案】What annoys me most is that 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。根据句中chat和makes可知,句子使用一般现在时,分析句子结构可知,“最让我烦恼的”作句子主语,使用what引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,“最让某人烦恼”annoy sb. most,what作主语,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式annoys,后接宾语“我”me,从句作主语,be动词使用is,后接表语从句,从句中不缺少成分以及意义,使用that引导从句。故填What annoys me most is that。 2.最近在线学习被公认为是一种重要的学习方式。 a. Online learning an important way to study recently. b. . (用it作形式主语) 【答案】 has been recognised as/to be It has been recognised that online learning is an important way to study recently 【详解】考查固定短语和主语从句。“被认为是”使用固定短语be recognised as/to be,结合时间状语recently可知句子用现在完成时,主语Online learning表示单数意义,故第一空填has been recognised as/to be;第二空使用it作形式主语,真正的主语是句子online learning is an important way to study recently,结构、意义完整,应用that引导,主句使用现在完成时的被动语态,故填It has been recognised that online learning is an important way to study recently。综上,故填①has been recognised as/to be②It has been recognised that online learning is an important way to study recently。 3.如果一个人面试迟到了,他就不太可能得到这份工作。(unlikely) If one is late for a job interview, he will get the job. 【答案】it is unlikely that 【详解】考查主语从句。将“he will get the job”作为从句并使用it作形式主语表示“某事不太可能”时,可以使用“It is+形容词+that从句”,形容词为unlikely,故填it is unlikely that。 4.只要你尽最大努力了,赢不赢没有关系。 So long as you try your best, it doesn’t matter . 【答案】whether you win or not 【详解】考查名词性从句、时态。分析句子结构,这是一个包含主语从句的复合句,表示“无论是否”含义的表达为:whether … or not;表示“你赢”含义的表达为:you win,因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,故填whether you win or not。 5.斯蒂芬·库里激励别人相信自己,他是一个活生生的例子,证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。 , Stephen Curry is living proof . 【答案】 Inspiring others to believe in themselves that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词时态、同位语性从句、主语从句、宾语从句。“激励”译为inspire,与主语Stephen Curry为主动关系,用现在分词作状语,位于句首,首字母大写;“激励某人做某事”译为inspire sb. to do sth.;“别人”译为others,作Inspiring的宾语;“相信自己”译为believe in oneself,位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形believe;“他们自己”译为themselves,作believe in的宾语。proof,后接同位语从句,同位语从句中:“别人对你的看法”译为what other people think of you,为主语从句,从句缺少think的宾语,用what引导,结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,且主语为other people,故谓语用动词原形;“必须;不得不”译为have to,主语从句作主语,谓语用第三人称单数,“不一定会”译为does not have to;“影响”译为influence;“你成为什么人”译为what you become,为宾语从句,其中become后缺少表语,用what引导;同位语从句不缺少成分或含义,用that引导。故填①Inspiring others to believe in themselves②that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become 6.人们尚不清楚汤姆为什么没有早一点儿报告这起事故。(it作形式主语) Tom hadn't reported the accident sooner. 【答案】It was not clear why 【详解】考查主语从句、形式主语及时态。分析句子结构,这是一个包含主语从句的复合句,it在从句中做形式主语,主语从句的连接词在从句中作状语表示原因,使用why连接从句。表示“清楚”含义的形容词为clear,陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时,故填It was not yet clear why。 7.人们突然明白了,当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时,既不是夸大其词,也非比喻。 when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor. 【答案】It is suddenly clear that 【详解】考查固定句型、形式主语、主语从句、时态、副词。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“人们突然明白了”,用it is suddenly clear that,其中it为形式主语;主语从句不缺少成分或含义,用that引导主语从句;结合空后的say可知,结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时;副词suddenly意为“突然”,作状语。故填It is suddenly clear that。 8.我能否成功取决于我的信心和毅力。(it is up to...) I can succeed. 【答案】It is up to my confidence and perseverance whether 【详解】考查固定句型,时态以及名词性从句。“我的信心和毅力”表达为名词短语my confidence and perseverance;“是否”为whether,“我能否成功”表达为whether引导的名词性从句whether I can succeed作主语;此句用固定句型it is up to…“……取决于……”表达;根据句意以及从句中can可知此句为一般现在时,翻译为It is up to my confidence and perseverance whether I can succeed;句中it作形式主语,whether引导的名词性从句作真正主语;故填It is up to my confidence and perseverance whether。 9.I was delighted that my brother was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games. → , my brother was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games.(介词短语) → my brother was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games.(what引导的主语从句) 【答案】 To my delight What delighted me was that 【详解】考查介词短语和主语从句。句意:我很高兴我哥哥从数百名申请者中被选中参加2024年奥运会开幕式。分析句子和句意,空处表示“令我高兴的是”,delight可作名词,表示“高兴”,介词短语to one’s delight意为“令某人高兴的是”,故“令我高兴的是”可译为to my delight,符合句意和题目要求;句首字母大写,故空①填To my delight;delight可用作动词,表示“使高兴”,故“令我高兴的是”可用主语从句what delighted me表达,后接谓语动词was和以that引导的表语从句,表达句意;句首字母大写,故空②填What delighted me was that。 10.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你所能做的一切都有帮助。(疑问词+ever引导名词性从句) Your support is very important to our work. . 【答案】Whatever you can do helps 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。“你所能做的一切”用whatever (无论什么)引导主语从句,从句主语you,情态动词can+动词原形,whatever在从句中作do (做)的宾语,主句谓语动词help (帮助),结合前句系动词is可知,时态用一般现在时,主语从句作主语,谓语单数形式。故填Whatever you can do helps。 11.尽管有人证明富兰克林进行了这一实验,但不止一位科学家对真实的情形提出过质疑。 Although Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 【答案】it has been proved that 【详解】考查主语从句和动词。分析给出的英文句子结构可知,although引导的让步状语从句中含有一个“it作形式主语,主语从句作真正主语”的结构,结合句意,表示“证明”为prove,该动作已经发生且对现在产生影响,所以使用现在完成时,且主语it与prove之间为被动关系,所以应使用现在完成时的被动语态,主语it为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词应为has been proved,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,所以使用连接词that引导主语从句。故填it has been proved that。 12.他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。(主语从句) surprised us all. 【答案】That he finished writing the composition in such a short time 【详解】考查主语从句。根据surprised可知,该句描述过去的事实,应用一般过去时。从句为主谓宾状的结构,主语为he;表示“写完”的动词为finish,作谓语;表示“写作文”的短语为write the composition;finish doing sth.“完成做某事”为固定搭配,因此表示“写完作文”可翻译为finish writing the composition;表示“在如此短的时间内”的介词短语为in such a short time,作状语。因为主语从句中不缺少成分,句子意思完整,所以应用that引导。that引导主语从句时,that不可以省略。句首单词首字母应大写,故填That he finished writing the composition in such a short time。 13.为了远离这些病毒的危害,建议我们应该养成健康的习惯。(it作形式主语) To stay away from the harm of these viruses, . 【答案】it’s recommended that we should form healthy habits/it’s recommended that we form healthy habits 【详解】考查主语从句和虚拟语气。使用it作形式主语表示“建议某人做某事”时可以使用“It is recommended that sb should do”,其中的should可以省略,动词短语“养成健康的习惯”为“form healthy habits”,故填it’s recommended that we should form healthy habits或it’s recommended that we form healthy habits。 14.已经证实,家庭氛围对孩子的身心健康有很大的影响。 the atmosphere of the family has a great effect on children’s mental and physical health. 【答案】It has been confirmed that 【详解】考查固定句型。“证实”使用动词confirm,此处表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,使用现在完成时,使用固定句型It has been confirmed that,其中It是形式主语,that引导主语从句,故填It has been confirmed that。 15. (让我感到印象最为深刻的是) was the relay race for the boys. Fighting for their classes, every one of them had to cooperate with each other and performed the best. The classmates cheered them on. 【答案】What impressed me most 【详解】考查主语从句和动词时态。句意:给我印象最深的是男子接力赛。为了他们的班级,他们每个人都必须相互合作,表现得最好。同学们为他们加油。根据汉语意思提示以及句子结构可知,此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句,在该从句中,表示“使印象深刻”为动词impress,结合主句动词was可知,此处应为过去时,为What impressed me most表示“让我感到印象最为深刻的是”。故填What impressed me most。 语法填空 16. makes it striking is it shows a thin figure with an (express) of fear. 【答案】 What that expression 【详解】考查名词性从句和名词。句意:它引人注目的地方在于,它展示了一个瘦削的身材,脸上带着恐惧的表情。分析句子结构可知,①空处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,用what引导,位于句首,首字母应大写,②空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,用that引导,③空前是不定冠词,空处应填名词作宾语,express的名词形式是expression。故填①What,②that,③expression。 17. seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:以前看起来很奇怪的事情现在对谢磊来说很正常。空格处引导的是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,空格处意为“以前觉得奇怪的事”,指物,用连接代词what引导该从句,设空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填What。 18. TCM doctors do know is that this rise and fall throughout the body is put down to the flow of qi throughout the body. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:中医医生的确知道的是,这种全身上下的起伏归因于气在全身的流动。分析句子可知,空处引导主语从句,主语从句中know缺少宾语,结合that引导的表语从句的内容可知,该宾语指物,应用连接代词what作引导词,且空处位于句首,what的首字母需大写。故填What。 19.When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes she encounters all the way is an impressive gift. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:当上帝关上一扇门时,他就打开了一扇窗,这个女孩相信她一路走来所遇到的事情是一份令人印象深刻的礼物。分析句子可知,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺宾语,意为“……的事情”,应用连接代词what。故填what。 20.It is believed that breaks the law will be punished and pay the price. 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:人们相信无论谁犯法都会受到惩罚并付出代价。分析句子可知,空处引导主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指人,结合句意可知此处指“无论谁”,使用whoever引导,故填whoever。 21. we’re fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as of Chang’e. 【答案】 That that 【详解】考查主语从句和代词。句意:我们对天空的着迷在世界各地的古老传说中是显而易见的,比如嫦娥的故事。连接词that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作成分,无实义;分析句子可知,①空出引导主语从句,从句句意和结构完整,从句引导词在句中不作成分,无实义。综上,应用连接词that引导该主语从句,且句首单词首字母大写,②空处应填代词代指前文提到的ancient tales,以避免重复,应用that代替。故填①That,②that。 22. have long compromised the health of Nagqu students are low-oxygen environment and extreme weather. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:低氧环境和极端天气长期危害那曲学生的健康。分析句子可知,空处引导主语从句作句子的主语,主语从句缺少主语,结合“low-oxygen environment and extreme weather”可知,该主语指物,应用连接代词what作引导词,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 23. they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. Meier took some basic materials metal, stone and glass. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:相反,他们发现的是一件里面有博物馆的艺术品。Meier使用了一些基本的材料,金属,石头和玻璃。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“什么”,应用连接代词what引导从句,置于句首,首字母大写。故填What。 24.For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:例如,Mary-Jo Saunders今天正在学习一首中国诗。特别的是,她能毫无口音地背出来。空格处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,“什么”的意思,用连词代词what,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What。 25.Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger! 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意:华为经受住了美国政府的严厉制裁,现在能够生产自己的5G手机,这是一个伟大的胜利!杀不死你的,会让你更强大!空格处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指“……的事物”应用what。故填what。 翻译 26.对我个人来说,澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。 【答案】Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. 【详解】考查主语从句。“对我个人来说”可以翻译为“personally speaking”,该短语在句中作状语。整个句子为主系表结构,本句话的主语用what的主语从句来充当,what引导该主语从句时,在从句中作宾语,表示“我喜欢的事情”,从句的主语为I,“喜欢”用动词“like ”,在从句中作谓语,句子陈述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态。“What I like most about Australia”表示“最喜欢关于澳大利亚的事情”;主语从句充当主语且表示整体意义,谓语动词用单数。“人民”可以翻译为“the people”,反身代词themselves在此表示强调。故翻译为Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. 27.让同学们兴奋的是他们下周将去参观艺术展览会。(用名词性从句翻译)   【答案】What excites the students is that they will visit an art exhibition next week. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、时态、名词、主谓一致。表示“让同学们兴奋的是”用主语从句。主语从句中:用what作主语,且引导从句,位于句首,首字母大写;表示“使兴奋”用动词excite,结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,且主语为what,故谓语用第三人称单数形式excites;表示“学生”用student,结合汉语“同学们”可知,用复数形式,作excites的宾语。表示“他们下周将去参观艺术展览会”用表语从句。表语从句中:表示“他们”用they,作主语;表示“参观”用visit,结合汉语“下周将去参观”可知,句子时态用一般将来时,从句谓语用will visit;表示“艺术展览会”用art exhibition,此处泛指“一个艺术展览会”,且art以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an,an art exhibition作will visit的宾语;表示“下周”用next week,作时间状语;从句不缺少成分或含义,用that引导。故翻译为What excites the students is that they will visit an art exhibition next week. 28.令我们自豪的是,中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就。(用名词性从句翻译) 【答案】What makes us proud is that China has made great achievements in space exploration./That China has made great achievements in space exploration makes us proud./ It makes us proud that China has made great achievements in space exploration. 【详解】考查名词性从句。“令我们自豪的是”可用what引导的主语从句what makes us proud表示,“中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就”作表语,成分和意义完成,可用that引导表语从句,“中国”可翻译为China,“在……方面”可用介词in,“太空探索”可翻译为space exploration,“取得重大成就”可翻译为make great achievements,结合汉语“已经”可知,这里应用现在完成时,所以可翻译为:What makes us proud is that China has made great achievements in space exploration.。这里也可将“中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就”部分作主语,用that引导,可翻译为:That China has made great achievements in space exploration makes us proud.。也可用It作形式主语,that引导主语从句,即:It makes us proud that China has made great achievements in space exploration.。 29.面对文化冲击,我们要做的是尽量避免迷茫与沮丧。(shock) (汉译英) 【答案】When we are faced with culture shock, what we should do is trying to avoid confusion and frustration. 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句和主语从句。when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,时间状语从句的主语为we,“面对”可以用短语“be faced with”,句子描述一般事实,所以用一般现在时,主语为复数,所以be动词用are。“文化冲突”可以翻译为“culture shock”。主句的结构为主系表结构,由主语从句充当主语,“我们要做的”可以翻译为“what we should do”,该从句由what引导,what在从句中充当宾语;主语从句作主语,表达是一个整体的思想,谓语动词用单数形式。be动词用is,“尽量避免迷茫与沮丧”可以翻译为“try to avoid confusion and frustration”,需要动名词形式作表语,说明主语的具体内容。故翻译为When we are faced with culture shock, what we should do is trying to avoid confusion and frustration. 30.据传那个有争议的问题引起了广泛的关注。(whisper) 【答案】It is whispered that the controversial issue has caused wide public concern. 【详解】考查短语、时态和名词性从句。“据传”用句型It is whispered that...,it作形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。 “有争议的问题”翻译为controversial issue;“引起了广泛的关注”翻译为cause wide public concern。主句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。从句陈述过去事情对现在的影响,所以用现在完成时。根据句意,故翻译为It is whispered that the controversial issue has caused wide public concern. 31.事实证明这两种文化有些相同之处。(prove; common) 【答案】It is proved that these two cultures have something in common./ It has been proved that these two cultures have something in common. 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。“证明”使用动词prove,“这两种文化有些相同之处”译为一个主语从句,使用it作形式主语,“这两种文化”译为these two cultures,“有些相同之处”使用动词短语have something in common,从句是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,故从句译为these two cultures have something in common,从句结构、意义完整,应用that引导,形式主语it和prove之间是被动关系,此处可表示一个事实使用一般现在时的被动语态,也可表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响,使用现在完成时的被动语态,故翻译为:It is proved that these two cultures have something in common./It has been proved that these two cultures have something in common. 32.我突然想起来我们应当减少经济损失。(形式主语;occur) 【答案】It occurs to me that we should reduce our economic losses. 【详解】考查固定句型和动词。根据句意,该句描述的为客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,结合提示,表示“我突然想起来”应为固定句型it occurs to me,其中it为形式主语,位于句首,it首字母需大写;表示“我们应当减少经济损失”应为主语从句作真正的主语,“我们”应为we作从句主语,表示“应该减少”应为should reduce作从句谓语,表示“经济损失”应为our economic losses作从句宾语,所以主语从句译为we should reduce our economic losses;从句中不缺句子成分,且句意完整,所以使用that引导主语从句。故翻译为It occurs to me that we should reduce our economic losses. 33.真正要紧的是你是否能全神贯注于你的功课。 【答案】What really matters is whether you can concentrate on your lessons./What counts is whether you can concentrate on your lessons. 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。分析可知,此句陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“真正要紧的”可表达为名词性从句作主语,用what引导,“要紧”为动词matter/count,“真正要紧的是”译为What really matters/counts,“你是否能全神贯注于你的功课”表达为表语从句,“是否”为whether,引导表语从句,“全神贯注于”为动词短语concentrate on;“你是否能全神贯注于你的功课”表达为whether you can concentrate on your lessons; what引导主语从句作主语,whether引导从句作表语,“是”用be动词的单数形式is;故翻译为What really matters/counts is whether you can concentrate on your lessons. 34.令我迷惑不解的是他为何不利用好这个机会。(puzzle; take advantage of) 【答案】What puzzles me is why he didn’t take advantage of the good opportunity. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、动词、动词短语、名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“令……迷惑不解”为动词puzzle,“令我迷惑不解的”表达为连接代词what引导的主语从句,“我”为代词me,作宾语;“令我迷惑不解的是……”陈述“我”目前状态,用一般现在时,“令我迷惑不解的”表达为主语从句what puzzles me;“是”用系动词is;后接连接副词why引导的表语从句,表示“利用”应为动词短语take advantage of;表示“这个好的机会”应为名词短语the good opportunity;表语从句“他为何不利用好这个机会”陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时态。故翻译为:What puzzles me is why he didn’t take advantage of the good opportunity. 35.在我看来, 除夕夜我们吃什么真的并不重要。(主语从句; on Spring Festival Eve) 【答案】In my opinion, what we eat on Spring Festival Eve really doesn’t matter. 【详解】考查主语从句和短语。表示“在我看来”短语为in my opinion;此处引导主语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,应用what,主语为we;表示“吃”应用动词eat;即主语用what引导的主语从句what we eat;表示“除夕夜”短语为on Spring Festival Eve;句子陈述事实,为一般现在时,what引导的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,表示“真的并不重要”翻译为really doesn’t matter。故翻译为In my opinion, what we eat on Spring Festival Eve really doesn’t matter. 36.让我们拭目以待该名运动员能否打破世界纪录。(remain) (汉译英) 【答案】It remains to be seen whether the athlete can break the record. 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。根据句意可知,本句用whether引导的主语从句,it作形式主语,结合提示词,remain to be done :某物有待于被做,根据句意,可用一般现在时,故用it remains to be seen whether...,固定句型,表示“让我们拭目以待……”,主语从句主语为the athlete“该名运动员”,谓语+宾语为 can break the record,。故翻译为:It remains to be seen whether the athlete can break the record.。 37.当一个有正义感的人在帮助他人时,要考虑的不仅是受助者的情况,还有他自己的能力。 (account) 【答案】When a person with the sense of justice is helping others, what he needs to/should take into account is not only the receivers’ situation, but also his own abilities. 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“当……时候”应用when,引导时间状语从句;表示“一个有正义感的人”为a person with the sense of justice;表示“帮助他人”应用help others,为现在进行时;主句为what引导主语从句,主语为he;表示“需要,应”可用need to do或should;表示“考虑”短语为take into account;表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…;表示“受助者的情况”短语为the receivers’ situation;表示“他自己的能力”为his own abilities。主句为一般现在时。故翻译为When a person with the sense of justice is helping others, what he needs to/should take into account is not only the receivers’ situation, but also his own abilities. 38.这位摄影师突然想到:他可以利用最不起眼的日常物品打造出一个奇幻世界。(hit) 【答案】It suddenly hit the photographer that he could use the most inconspicuous everyday items to create a fantasy world. 【详解】考查主语从句和短语。句子的描述的为过去的事情,使用一般过去时,主语“这位摄影师”为“the photographer”,副词“突然”为“suddenly”,固定句型“某人突然想起……”为“It suddenly hit sb that...”;“用……做某事”为“use...to do”;“他可以利用最不起眼的日常物品”为“主谓宾”结构的句子,主语“他”为“he”,“可以利用”为“could use”,“最不起眼的”为“the most inconspicuous”,“日常物品”为“everyday items”,则翻译为“He could use the most inconspicuous everyday items.”;“打造出一个奇幻世界”为目的状语,使用动词不定式来翻译,“打造”为“create”,“一个奇幻世界”为“a fantasy world”,则翻译为“to create a fantasy world”。故翻译为It suddenly hit the photographer that he could use the most inconspicuous everyday items to create a fantasy world. 39.让他懊恼的是,刚才他不小心把那个重要文件给删了。(frustrate) 【答案】What frustrated him was that he deleted the important document carelessly just now. 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句子描述的为过去的事情,使用一般过去时。“让他懊恼的”是“刚才他不小心把那个重要文件给删了”,则使用what引导主语从句部分“让他懊恼的”,使用that引导表语从句部分“刚才他不小心把那个重要文件给删了”。动词“使某人懊恼”为“frustrate”,宾语“他”为“him”,则主语从句翻译为“What frustrated him”;“刚才”为“just now”,主语“他”为“he”,副词“不小心”为“carelessly”,“删除那个重要文件”为“delete the important document”,则表语从句部分翻译为“He deleted the important document carelessly just now.”。从句作主语,谓语动词用单数,“是”为“was”。故翻译为:What frustrated him was that he deleted the important document carelessly just now. 40.已经得到确认,由于天气恶劣,会议将被推迟。(现在完成时被动语态) 【答案】It has been confirmed that the conference/meeting will be put off/postponed on account of/because of/due to the bad weather. 【详解】考查主语从句、时态和语态。“确认”使用动词confirm,“由于天气恶劣,会议将被推迟”是主语,译为一个主语从句,此处使用it作形式主语,和动词confirm之间是被动关系,且此处是表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,使用现在完成时的被动语态,助动词使用has;“会议”使用名词conference/meeting,作从句主语,“推迟”使用动词短语put off或动词postpone,和从句主语之间是被动关系,结合“将被推迟”可知从句用一般将来时的被动语态,“由于”使用固定短语on account of/because of/due to,“天气恶劣”使用名词短语bad weather,故从句译为the conference/meeting will be put off/postponed on account of/because of/due to the bad weather,从句结构、意义完整,应用that引导,故翻译为:It has been confirmed that the conference/meeting will be put off/postponed on account of/because of/due to the bad weather. 20 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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