14选择性必修第四册重要语法突破讲义（被动语态、情态动词）（人教版2019）-2024年高二英语培优提升暑假作业

14选择性必修第四册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 被动语态精讲+语法训练 Part two 情态动词精讲+语法训练 被动语态精讲 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Everybody respects the old man. The old man is respected by everybody. 被动语态的用法 1. 不知谁是动作的执行者，或出于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 Petrol is burnt in cars, trucks and buses. Great honour has been given to the young athlete. 2. 需要更突出或强调动作的承受者 Food is needed by every living thing. The school gate has been closed (by the guard). 3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。以ask为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am/is/are + asked 一般过去时：was/were + asked 一般将来时：will (am/is/are going to) be + asked 现在进行时：am/is/are being + asked 过去进行时：was/were being + asked 现在完成时：have/has been + asked 过去完成时：had been + asked 过去将来时：would (was/were going to) be + asked 将来完成时：will have been + asked 现在完成进行时和将来进行时没有被动语态 常用九种时态的被动语态举例： 一般现在时 Computer games are usually enjoyed by children. In some places around big factories, plants are often killed by the bad air. 一般过去时 This book was written many years ago. The People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1st 1949. 一般将来时 You will be provided with enough food during your stay at the school. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. 过去将来时 John went into the room where the lecture would be given. The principal told us that a new indoor stadium would be built in our school the next year. 现在进行时 The water is being turned into vapour. My car is being repaired at the workshop. 过去进行时 The plan was being discussed at the meeting room yesterday evening. At that time, the visitors were being shown around the campus. 现在完成时 The new project has been completed. These trees have not been planted yet. 过去完成时 He told me that his house had been washed away by the flood. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity. 将来完成时 By the end of next year, this kind of material will have been exported for ten years. By the time you come back next year, these houses will have been pulled down. 被动语态与It句型 宾语从句的主被动转换 We could see that the old man was dying. (主动） It could been seen that the old man was dying. (被动） 常见类似句型： 据说 It is said/reported that … 据预测 It is predicted that... 据估计 It is estimated that... 人们认为 It is believed/thought/considered that... 有人声称 It is claimed that... 众所周知… It is well known that 必须指出…… It must be pointed out that. 已经证明…… It has been proved that 语法训练 一、语法填空 1．With this goal in mind, a virus (release) onto the island in the 1970s. 2．After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi deeply (impress) by his music. 3．Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers, (award) the highest honor of our country last month. 4．There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time. 5．Lately, the horse-faced skirt, as a traditional Chinese fashion, (accept) by the young. 6．Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, (remove) due to mobile phones. 7．When I opened my door and was about to leave, I noticed that two men (question) by the police. 8．Currently, Porter is translating more poems by Tao Yuanming, and his translation work Poems of the Masters (publish) in China soon. 9．Don’t call Marry. She (interview) right now. 10．It (estimate) that the project will last more than ten years. 11．The woman was walking about outside the operation room, because her son (operate) on. 12．Before the discussion, the boys and the girls have been and the is useful for their study.(divide) 13．The books in the library are according to subjects, so you can easily find the book you like based on the . (distribute) 14．You will with a Chinese dictionary for your suggestions on how to strengthen my confidence.(reward) 15．What bothered me was that I was often by my colleagues and the had a bad influence on me.(interrupt) 16．People are wondering whether the new film is (release) in April. 17．Dave (suspend) from school for a week because he violated the school discipline too many times. 18．With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River (preserve) for generations to come. 19．This means it could (employ) on high­tech alarms and motion sensors, or   (alert) staff when a patient is trying to get out of bed. 20．Much attention (pay) to pollution up till now. 21．Their achievements have already been in depth and do not require further discussion about the . (analyse) 22．My friend (bite) by a big bird once, and it really hurt. 23．The girl was reminded that her clothes (not wash). 24．The work (finish) by us by nine o’clock yesterday. 25．Great quantities of sand (be) washed down the hillside by the rain last night. 26．The importance of saving gas not be stressed too much. Automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year. 27．Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella (leave) on the bus. 28．Recently, more than twenty farms (select) to provide safe food for students’ lunch. 29．When he hurried to the box office, he was disappointed to find all tickets (book). 30．My baby (take) care of by Grandma while I am away next month. 二、单词拼写 31．The government is being widely (批评) in the media for failing to limit air pollution. 32．The company is (有义务) by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions. 33．The stereo wasn’t working because it hadn’t been (接通电源) up correctly. 34．He was (逮捕) when customs officers found drugs in his bag. 35．He’s just been (任命) as director of the publishing division. 36．But some writers don’t seem to be humble enough when their works are (批评，批判). 37．We will not be (惊慌) into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence. 38．According to the procedure, the proposal will be (提交) to the board for official approval. 39．It’s highly (推荐) to read original English novels. 40．Cellphones, which are now universally (认可) as a must, have a great effect on us. 41．Lights accounts for about 7% of the total electricity that is (消耗) in the US. 42．The news that petrol prices are about to rise has been (广播) several times on the radio today. 43．Everyone who visited the Louvre Museum was (奖赏) with the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. 44．He was (批评，指责) for being boring, strait-laced and narrow-minded. 45．Several senior students have been (管教) for breaking the school rules. 46．Completed projects must be (提交) by 10 March, otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity. 47．The painting is (期待) to fetch a high price at auction(拍卖). 48．The details of today’s flights are (显示，展示) on the monitor. 49．Making eye contact in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, it is not always (认可) of. 50．Government forces were (撤回) from the island yesterday. 51．Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is (位于) just a 10­minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. 52．The exhibition was (主办) by the Society of Culture. 53．Don’t park your car here, or you’ll be (罚款). 54．This iron is (保修) for a year against faulty workmanship. 55．The applicant was (否定) entry into the country for lack of required documents. 56．My brother tricked me into taking the new clock apart, but it was I who (责备) by my father. 57．After three rounds of voting, Jack (选举) the president of the student’s union. 58．It’s universally (承认) that it’s difficult to shake off bad habits. 59．Strict rules should be (采取) for garbage sorting in the near future. 60．Robert asked his friends to bring some tools to save the man who was (受困) in the car. 三、完成句子 61．In particular, his paintings are (突出于……/优于……) others paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 62．Alice is the only one of the students in our school (被选中) to take part in the poetry contest. 63．Due to the bad weather, the plane couldn’t take off on time, so the passengers (被告知可能会延误). 64．He (被指控谋杀) and sentenced to death. 65．After a few months’ reconstruction, the old city was (鲜活起来) again. 66．Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also (追溯到) to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. 67．I told those international students that tea (广泛分布) all over the country. 68．These men (被搜查以寻找) drugs in vain, and then they were released. 69． (必须采取措施) to encourage farmers to increase their production of the herb. 70．as if/though引导方式状语从句 Night came (仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭), and in another moment came the day. 情态动词精讲 一、情态动词的基本用法 1．can/could (1)表示能力，意为“能、会”。 The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。 It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 (2)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定或疑问句中。can比could语气强。 This can't/couldn't be done by him. 这事不可能是他做的。 (3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，could可以代替can，语气更加委婉。 Could I use your phone, please? 我可以用一下你的电话吗？ (4)表示理论上的可能性。 Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. 要始终相信美好事物是可能的，记住失误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。 (5)用于否定句和疑问句，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。 He can't/couldn't do this. 他不可能这样做。(表示不相信) Can this be done by him? 这可能是他做的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶) (6)用于固定结构中 ①can't...too/enough表示“无论……也不为过；越……越好”。 You can't be too careful when a young child is near water. 小孩子在水边时，你还是越小心越好。 ②can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。 Hearing this story, I couldn't help laughing. 听到这个故事，我禁不住大笑起来。 注：can和be able to都可以表示能力，二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“终于做成某事”，有更多时态和人称的变化；且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用，如might、ought to、seem等；还可用非谓语动词形式。 If you are careful enough, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你足够仔细，那么你就能做出这道题。 He seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words. 他似乎能把复杂的思想用简单的话语说出来。 She grasped my hand, not being able to say anything.　她抓着我的手，什么话也说不出来。 2．may/might (1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。 May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship? 我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行？ Might I borrow your computer? 我可以借一下你的电脑吗？ (2)表示可能性，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。 Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. 当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子，但他们也应该理解孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house. 如果你离开时忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。 (3)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ (4)用于固定结构“may/might as well＋动词原形”中，意为“最好、倒不如”。 Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。 3．must/have to (1)must的用法 ①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must构成的一般疑问句时，若是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而用needn't或是don't have to，因为mustn't意为“绝不能、一定不要”，而不是“不必”的意思。 Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment. 在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。 ②must常用于肯定句中，表示猜测、推测，意为“想必、一定”。其具体用法如下： must do 对现在或未来的事进行猜测 must be doing 对正在进行的事进行猜测 must have done 对已经发生的事进行猜测 I think the old woman must be a nice person. 我想这位老太太一定是个好人。 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now. 快点！他们现在一定正在等我们。 ③用于否定句中，表示禁止。 Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。 ④表示“偏要、非要……不可”。 Must you make so loud noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？ (2)have to的用法 have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有人称和时态的变化。 I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course. 我还想了解一下我得为这门课程付多少钱。 It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. 就在那时，我开始欣赏她不得不在平衡家庭和工作方面所做出的艰难选择。 4．shall (1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外面等着可以吗？ (2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 (3)用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。 The club members shall wear uniforms. 俱乐部成员都应该穿统一的制服。 5．should/ought to (1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 表示责任或义务时，ought to等同于should，只是前者的语气稍重。 Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower? It will make her feel better. 为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。 You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。 (2)should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然、居然”。 That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。 (3)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该、估计”。 He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough. 他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。 6．will/would (1)表示自愿或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。will指现在，would指过去。 —Can someone fetch some water? ——有人能去取点水来吗？ —I will. ——我去。 (2)表示请求或要求，would比will更客气、委婉。而在句末用won't you表达邀请的语气。 Would you mind opening the window for me? 你介意帮我打开窗户吗？ (3)will表示规律性，意为“注定会”。 Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear. 穿合适的衣服也很重要，因为当地人会根据你的穿着来评判你。 7．need/dare need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。 (1)用作情态动词。 —Are you coming with me? ——你要和我一起去吗？ —I can't, Alice. I daren't. ——我不去了，艾丽丝。我不敢。 It's quite warm here; we needn't turn the heating on yet. 这里很暖和。我们还不必开暖气。 (2)用作实义动词。 You don't need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so. 大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。 二、情态动词＋have done 1．表示对过去情况的猜测或估计 (1)can/could have done用于否定句或疑问句，表示对过去情况的可能性的否定或质疑。其否定形式意为“不可能/不会(已经)……的”；其疑问形式意为“可能/也许(已经)……了吗？”。用could表示语气的缓和和更不肯定。 I couldn't have been more than six years old when the accident happened. 事故发生时我不可能超过六岁。 (2)may/might have done用于肯定句或否定句，表示对过去情况发生的可能性的不确定猜测。其肯定形式意为“可能/也许(已经)……了”，其否定形式意为“可能/或许还没有……”。用might代替may，则语气更加委婉和含蓄，表示的可能性更小。 I think she may have gone to the library. 我想她可能去图书馆了。 2．表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其结构而定。 (1)ought to have done表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本该……的(但却没有……)”； oughtn't to have done表示对过去做了某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本来不该……的(但却已经……了)”。 Mr White ought to have arrived at 8：30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. 怀特先生本应该在8：30到达开会，但他没有出现。 (2)could have done表示对过去本来能够完成但却没有完成的较委婉的批评或对过去情况含有不满情绪的提议，意为“本来能够……的”。 He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free. 他付了座位费，他本来是能够免费入场的。 (3)might have done表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备，意为“本可以……的”。 I might have passed the exam if I had studied harder. 如果我学习更用功一点，我本可以通过考试的。 语法训练 一、语法填空 1．—What are you doing, dear? —I’m watching the football game. —What? You have done your homework first. 2．When arriving, I could see nobody there. I thought that my friend have got angry and left. 3．If you think the price of beef is too high, you as well buy some pork. It depends on you! 4．Even if you are an experienced teacher, you sometimes make some mistakes. 5．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. 6．—Are you coming to the musical of the 42nd Avenue from Broadway —I’m not sure. I go to see a movie instead. 7．You not have treated Tom in that way. It was unfair. 8．He had known the matter before you told him, so you not have told it to him. 9．Since the ground is white. it have snowed last night. 10．I didn’t hear the phone. I have been asleep. 11．I can’t find Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building. Where he have gone? 12．Johnny, you not play with the knife. you hurt yourself. 13．We mustn’t (loose) the seat belt when we drive. 14．Taking exercise can not only (strength) your body but also release you from stress. 15．We can’t (tolerant) people throwing garbage here and there, so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment. 16．My friend is a reliable person, and you can (reliable) on it that he will finish the work on time. 17．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. 18．One never be too careful when driving. 19．You not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 20．We be careful when we are making friends on the Internet. 二、完成句子 21． , I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much money on it. 尽管旅游能够使我增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的金钱不是一个好主意。 22．伟大的人物都能从最少的错误中吸取最多的教益。 Great men are those . 23．If you are writing a 120-word English composition, you’d better (设置期限) for 15 minutes. 24．不可否认的事实是，你可能会遇到诸如想家，适应新的环境和学习一门新的语言等困难。 such as , adapting to the new surroundings and learning a new language. 25．既然你毕业于重点大学，你就有资格申请这个职位了。 Now that you graduated from a key university, you can . 26．我们不仅应该食用不同种类的新鲜食物，如鱼、肉、蔬菜、水果以及奶制品，而且应该饮食规律、适当。 , such as fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as dairy products, . 27．为了保持健康，我们应该保持合理的饮食。 To keep fit, we should . 28．请记住只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功。(倒装句) Please keep in mind that ． 29．我们应该怜悯残疾人而不是看不起他们。 We are supposed to instead of looking down upon them. 30．我们计划游览校园，在此期间你可以欣赏美景，了解我校的历史。 A tour of our campus is scheduled, and get to know the history of our school. 31．我的建议能促进减压。 My advice . 32．面对即将到来的紧张的高中生活，你不仅焦虑不安而且你也处在巨大压力之下。在我个人看来，再怎么强调良好心态的重要性也不为过。 Faced with , not only are you but you also are . Personally, I too much. 33．I should express my thanks to my teachers. Without his help, I wouldn't have achieved such a big success.(同义句转换) →I should to my teachers, , I wouldn't have achieved such a big success. 34．正是通过这次经历我意识到我应该坚持自己的梦想永不放弃。 It was through the experience that I was aware that I and never give it up. 35．及时实施急救可以帮助缓解情况的严重性，防止健康状况恶化，甚至挽救生命。(动名词短语作主语) , prevent health conditions getting worse and even save a life. 36．我无法容忍我们一些居民的涂鸦和乱扔垃圾的不正当行为。 scribbling and littering everywhere. 37．这句名言告诉我们，面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是责怪他人。 This famous quote conveys that when facing failure, . 38．最后，我真诚地希望我们的友谊将永远持续下去，希望我们能保持联系。 At last, I sincerely hope our friendship will last forever and wish we can   . 39．我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术创作。 , but also take part in its creation. 40．Once you begin to do something, you must go on with it, or you will never achieve anything. →Once you begin to do something, you must , or you will never achieve anything. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 14选择性必修第四册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 被动语态精讲+语法训练 Part two 情态动词精讲+语法训练 被动语态精讲 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Everybody respects the old man. The old man is respected by everybody. 被动语态的用法 1. 不知谁是动作的执行者，或出于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 Petrol is burnt in cars, trucks and buses. Great honour has been given to the young athlete. 2. 需要更突出或强调动作的承受者 Food is needed by every living thing. The school gate has been closed (by the guard). 3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。以ask为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am/is/are + asked 一般过去时：was/were + asked 一般将来时：will (am/is/are going to) be + asked 现在进行时：am/is/are being + asked 过去进行时：was/were being + asked 现在完成时：have/has been + asked 过去完成时：had been + asked 过去将来时：would (was/were going to) be + asked 将来完成时：will have been + asked 现在完成进行时和将来进行时没有被动语态 常用九种时态的被动语态举例： 一般现在时 Computer games are usually enjoyed by children. In some places around big factories, plants are often killed by the bad air. 一般过去时 This book was written many years ago. The People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1st 1949. 一般将来时 You will be provided with enough food during your stay at the school. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. 过去将来时 John went into the room where the lecture would be given. The principal told us that a new indoor stadium would be built in our school the next year. 现在进行时 The water is being turned into vapour. My car is being repaired at the workshop. 过去进行时 The plan was being discussed at the meeting room yesterday evening. At that time, the visitors were being shown around the campus. 现在完成时 The new project has been completed. These trees have not been planted yet. 过去完成时 He told me that his house had been washed away by the flood. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity. 将来完成时 By the end of next year, this kind of material will have been exported for ten years. By the time you come back next year, these houses will have been pulled down. 被动语态与It句型 宾语从句的主被动转换 We could see that the old man was dying. (主动） It could been seen that the old man was dying. (被动） 常见类似句型： 据说 It is said/reported that … 据预测 It is predicted that... 据估计 It is estimated that... 人们认为 It is believed/thought/considered that... 有人声称 It is claimed that... 众所周知… It is well known that 必须指出…… It must be pointed out that. 已经证明…… It has been proved that 语法训练 一、语法填空 1．With this goal in mind, a virus (release) onto the island in the 1970s. 【答案】was released 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：带着这个目标，一种病毒在20世纪70年代被释放到岛上。release(释放)是谓语动词，与主语a virus之间是被动关系，结合时间状语in the 1970s可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，又因主语是单词名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was released。 2．After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi deeply (impress) by his music. 【答案】 was impressed 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：听到史蒂夫的演奏后，娜奥米被他的音乐深深打动了。固定短语be impressed by“对……印象深刻；被……所感动”。句子为陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。主语为第三人称单数形式，be动词使用was。故填①was；②impressed。 3．Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers, (award) the highest honor of our country last month. 【答案】was awarded 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：钟南山和其他三位优秀的医务工作者上个月被授予了国家最高荣誉。空处作谓语，as well as连接名词或代词作主语，谓语动词与其前面的名词或代词一致；句中谓语动词与Zhong Nanshan保持一致，为单数，结合last month可知，句子为一般过去时，且主语和award构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。 4．There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time. 【答案】was being done 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：外面有很大的噪音，因为当时房子正在修理。根据时间状语at that time可知，用过去进行时，do和主语repair work之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词应用was。故填was being done。 5．Lately, the horse-faced skirt, as a traditional Chinese fashion, (accept) by the young. 【答案】has been accepted 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最近，马面裙作为一种中国传统时尚，被年轻人所接受。根据句中的Lately可知，句子应用现在完成时。主语the horse-faced skirt和accept之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been accepted。 6．Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain, (remove) due to mobile phones. 【答案】have been removed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于移动电话，到目前为止，成千上万的红色电话亭——英国的旧形象，已经被拆除。主语phone boxes和动词remove之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Up to now可知此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填have been removed。 7．When I opened my door and was about to leave, I noticed that two men (question) by the police. 【答案】were being questioned 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我打开门正要离开时，我注意到有两个人正在接受警察的盘问。that引导宾语从句，空处缺少从句谓语，主语two men与question构成被动关系，且结合句意可知，此处表示“过去正在被盘问”，用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were being questioned。 8．Currently, Porter is translating more poems by Tao Yuanming, and his translation work Poems of the Masters (publish) in China soon. 【答案】will be published 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：目前，波特正在翻译更多的陶渊明的诗歌，他的翻译作品《大师的诗》即将在中国出版。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意及时间状语soon可知，此处应为一般将来时，且publish与主语his translation work Poems of the Masters之间为被动关系，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be published。 9．Don’t call Marry. She (interview) right now. 【答案】is being interviewed 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：别给玛丽打电话。她现在正在接受采访。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据语境“Don’t call Marry.”以及时间状语“right now”可知，玛丽现在正接受采访，且interview与主语she之间为被动关系，所以此处使用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is being interviewed。 10．It (estimate) that the project will last more than ten years. 【答案】is estimated 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据估计，这项工程将持续十年以上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中it is estimated that为固定结构，意为“据估计……”，此处it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，从句的内容与estimate之间是被动关系。故填is estimated。 11．The woman was walking about outside the operation room, because her son (operate) on. 【答案】was being operated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这名妇女在手术室外走来走去，因为她的儿子正在接受手术。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子描述的是过去正在进行的事情，应用过去进行时，主语her son和动词短语operate on是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was being operated。 12．Before the discussion, the boys and the girls have been and the is useful for their study.(divide) 【答案】 divided division 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：在讨论之前，男孩和女孩被分成两组，这对他们的学习是有用的。结合空前的have been可知，此处是现在完成时的被动语态，空处用过去分词；第二空用名词作主语，division“分组”，不可数名词，故填①divided②division。 13．The books in the library are according to subjects, so you can easily find the book you like based on the . (distribute) 【答案】 distributed distribution/distributions 【详解】考查被动语态和名词。句意：图书馆里的书是按学科分布的，所以你可以很容易地根据分布找到你喜欢的书。根据句意和第一个空格前的are可知，空格处应该用过去分词distributed，构成一般现在时的被动语态；由第二个空格前的on可知，空格处应该用名词distribution作宾语，distribution可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，看作可数名词时，应该用复数形式。故填distributed；distribution(s)。 14．You will with a Chinese dictionary for your suggestions on how to strengthen my confidence.(reward) 【答案】 be rewarded rewarding 【详解】考查动词、形容词以及时态。句意：如果你对如何增强我的信心提出了有益的建议，你将获得一本中文词典作为奖励。分析句子可知，第一设空处是句子的谓语部分，根据句意可知，主语You和动词reward之间是被动关系，此处应使用一般将来时的被动语态，前面有will，应填be rewarded。第二空格处用作定语修饰名词suggestions，应使用形容词rewarding。故填①be rewarded；②rewarding。 15．What bothered me was that I was often by my colleagues and the had a bad influence on me.(interrupt) 【答案】 interrupted interruptions 【详解】考查动词语态和名词。句意：让我烦恼的是，我经常被同事打断，这些打断对我产生了不好的影响。分析句子可知，that引导的表语从句中主语为I，与动词interrupt之间为被动关系，设空处填过去分词interrupted，构成一般过去时的被动语态；第二空在句中作主语，由空前the冠词以及句意可知，此处指多次被打断，应填名词interruption复数形式interruptions。故分别填interrupted；interruptions。 16．People are wondering whether the new film is (release) in April. 【答案】to be released 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：人们都想知道这部新电影是否会在四月上映。“release the film”意为“发行影片”，时间上表示“要上映”且film与release为被动关系，则从句的谓语动词使用一般将来时的被动语态，即“is to be done”，故填to be released。 17．Dave (suspend) from school for a week because he violated the school discipline too many times. 【答案】was suspended 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：Dave因为多次违反校规而被停学一周。主语Dave和动词suspend之间是被动关系，结合violated可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词使用was。故填was suspended。 18．With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River (preserve) for generations to come. 【答案】will be preserved 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：通过这些措施，相信漓江的魅力将代代相传。根据句意可知，本句为一般将来时态，Li River与preserve之间为动宾关系，应为被动语态，空处应为一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be preserved。 19．This means it could (employ) on high­tech alarms and motion sensors, or   (alert) staff when a patient is trying to get out of bed. 【答案】 be employed to alert 【详解】考查语态和不定式。句意：这意味着它可以用于高科技报警器和运动传感器，或者在患者试图下床时提醒工作人员。主语it和谓语动词employ是被动关系，结合情态动词could，用情态动词的被动语态could be done形式，alert (使警觉、使意识到)用不定式形式作目的状语。故填①be employed ②to alert。 20．Much attention (pay) to pollution up till now. 【答案】has been paid 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，人们对污染问题给予了很大的关注。主语attention和动词pay之间是被动关系，结合时间状语up till now可知此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填has been paid。 21．Their achievements have already been in depth and do not require further discussion about the . (analyse) 【答案】 analysed analysis 【详解】考查过去分词和名词。句意：他们的成就已经深入分析过了，不需要对分析结果进一步讨论。结合第一空前的have already been可知，此处是现在完成时的被动语态，空处用过去分词；第二空用名词作介词about的宾语，analysis“分析，分析结果”，名词。故填①analysed②analysis。 22．My friend (bite) by a big bird once, and it really hurt. 【答案】was bitten 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我的朋友被一只大鸟咬了一次，真的很疼。分析句子结构可知，bite在句子中作为谓语动词使用，主语my friend承受bite的动作，结合“once”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，并且主语为单数意义，故填was bitten 23．The girl was reminded that her clothes (not wash). 【答案】had not been washed 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：这个女孩被提醒她的衣服没有洗过。动词wash意为“清洗”，和主语clothes构成被动关系，根据“The girl was reminded that”可知，动作发生在过去之前，应用过去完成时。故填had not been washed。 24．The work (finish) by us by nine o’clock yesterday. 【答案】had been finished 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这项工作在昨天9点前已经被我们完成了。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有by nine o’clock yesterday作时间状语，表示过去的某一时间点以前发生的动作，谓语用过去完成时，动词finish和主语The work是动宾关系，用被动语态结构。故填had been finished。 25．Great quantities of sand (be) washed down the hillside by the rain last night. 【答案】were 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：昨晚雨把大量的沙子从山坡上冲下来。“quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，结合时间状语last night可知事情发生在过去，空处应填were与washed构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填were。 26．The importance of saving gas not be stressed too much. Automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：节约汽油的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。汽车每年消耗大约700亿加仑的汽油。根据“not be stressed too much”可推知，此处用固定表达can not… too …表示“无论……也不为过，越……越好”。故填can。 27．Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella (leave) on the bus. 【答案】had been left 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：突然他想起自己的伞忘在公共汽车上了。根据句意和remembered可知，leave“忘了带”这一动作发生在remembered之前，属于过去的过去，句子时态用过去完成时，且that引导的宾语从句的主语his umbrella与leave为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been left。 28．Recently, more than twenty farms (select) to provide safe food for students’ lunch. 【答案】have been selected 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：最近，有20多个农场被选中为学生的午餐提供安全食品。根据时间状语Recently可知句子用现在完成时，主语farms和动词select之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填have been selected。 29．When he hurried to the box office, he was disappointed to find all tickets (book). 【答案】had been booked 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：当他赶到售票处时，他失望地发现所有的票都订完了。分析可知，book是宾语从句谓语动词，空格处的动作发生在“was disappointed”之前，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时。find后的宾语从句的主语all tickets与动词book“预订”二者是被动关系，票是被订购，要用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been booked。 30．My baby (take) care of by Grandma while I am away next month. 【答案】will be taken 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：下个月我不在时，我的孩子将由奶奶照顾。结合by Grandma可知，主语baby和动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，结合时间状语next month可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be taken。 二、单词拼写 31．The government is being widely (批评) in the media for failing to limit air pollution. 【答案】criticized 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：政府在媒体上因未能限制空气污染而受到广泛批评。根据汉语提示可知填入动词criticize的适当形式，分析句子可知主语The government和谓语动词criticize之间是被动关系，结合空格前的is being可知填入过去分词，构成现在进行时的被动语态。故填criticized。 32．The company is (有义务) by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions. 【答案】bound 【详解】考查动词。句意：公司受一项特别协议的约束，要让工会参与重大决策。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词bind“限制，约束”，满足句意要求，结合句意以及空前is可知，此处为被动语态结构，company和bind为被动关系。故填bound。 33．The stereo wasn’t working because it hadn’t been (接通电源) up correctly. 【答案】wired 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：立体声音响没反应，因为没有正确接通电源。“接通电源”为动词短语wire...(up)，主语it和动词短语wire up之间是被动关系，结合hadn’t been可知用过去完成时的被动语态，设空处填过去分词wired。故填wired。 34．He was (逮捕) when customs officers found drugs in his bag. 【答案】arrested 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：当海关官员在他的包里发现毒品时，他被逮捕了。根据汉语提示，可以考虑填入动词arrest，横线前有系动词was，说明句子应该使用被动语态。故将arrest变成过去分词形式arrested，故答案为arrested。 35．He’s just been (任命) as director of the publishing division. 【答案】appointed 【详解】考查动词。句意：他刚被任命为出版部主任。根据提示的汉语，表示“任命”应为appoint，结合句意可知，appoint与句子主语he之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式与has been构成现在完成时态。故填appointed。 36．But some writers don’t seem to be humble enough when their works are (批评，批判). 【答案】criticized 【详解】考查动词。句意：但有些作家在作品受到批评时似乎不够谦逊。根据提示的汉语，表示“批评，批判”应为动词criticize， 与when引导的时间状语从句的主语their works为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式criticized，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填criticized。 37．We will not be (惊慌) into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence. 【答案】panicked 【详解】考查动词。句意：在考虑所有证据之前，我们不会惊慌失措地做出决定。根据句意和空格前的We will not be可知，空格处应该用过去分词panicked，构成一般将来时的被动语态(panic sb into doing sth的被动语态)。故填panicked。 38．According to the procedure, the proposal will be (提交) to the board for official approval. 【答案】submitted 【详解】考查动词。句意：根据程序，该提案将提交董事会正式批准。根据汉语提示可知应用动词submit，与主语构成被动关系，根据上文will be可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填submitted。 39．It’s highly (推荐) to read original English novels. 【答案】recommended 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：强烈建议看英文原版小说。根据汉语提示，“推荐”的英语是“recommend”，动词。横线前面有be动词is，且结合句意，“阅读英文原版小说”是被推荐的事情，说明这个句子使用了被动语态，应该变成done的形式，故答案是recommended。 40．Cellphones, which are now universally (认可) as a must, have a great effect on us. 【答案】recognized/recognised 【详解】考查动词和被动语态。句意：手机现在被普遍认为是必需品，对我们有很大的影响。表示“认可”应用动词recognize或recognise，作谓语和主语构成被动关系。故填recognized/recognised。 41．Lights accounts for about 7% of the total electricity that is (消耗) in the US. 【答案】consumed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在美国消耗的总电力中，照明占约7%。分析可知，“消耗”是动词consume，electricity与空处为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词与空格前的is构成被动语态。故填consumed。 42．The news that petrol prices are about to rise has been (广播) several times on the radio today. 【答案】broadcast 【详解】考查动词。句意：汽油价格即将上涨的消息今天在收音机里已经播了好几次了。分析句子并根据词义“广播”可知，此处应填动词broadcast， 它与news之间为被动关系，则填入过去分词，故填broadcast。 43．Everyone who visited the Louvre Museum was (奖赏) with the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. 【答案】rewarded 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：每个参观卢浮宫的人都能看到蒙娜丽莎神秘的微笑。“奖赏”是主句中谓语动词，用动词reward表示，与主语Everyone之间是被动关系，用过去分词rewarded与助动词was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填rewarded。 44．He was (批评，指责) for being boring, strait-laced and narrow-minded. 【答案】criticized/criticised 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的无聊、拘谨和心胸狭隘受到了批评。“批评，指责”为动词criticize/criticise，和主语he之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与was构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填criticized或criticised。 45．Several senior students have been (管教) for breaking the school rules. 【答案】disciplined 【详解】考查动词。句意：有几个高年级的学生因违反校规而受到了管教。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词discipline“管教”。根据空前的have been和句意可知，动词discipline和主语senior students之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与have been构成现在完成时态的被动语态。故填disciplined。 46．Completed projects must be (提交) by 10 March, otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity. 【答案】submitted 【详解】考查动词。句意：已完成的项目必须在3月10日前提交，否则您将被禁止参加活动。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“提交”应用submit，为动词，且这里应用过去分词形式，与前面be构成被动语态。故填submitted。 47．The painting is (期待) to fetch a high price at auction(拍卖). 【答案】expected 【详解】考查动词。句意：这幅画有望在拍卖会上拍出高价。be expected to do sth期望做某事。根据汉语提示及句意，故填expected。 48．The details of today’s flights are (显示，展示) on the monitor. 【答案】displayed 【详解】考查动词。句意：今天航班的详细情况显示在显示器上。“显示，展示”应用动词display，侧重有意识地告知他人信息，且display和主语The details of today’s flights之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，display应用过去分词的形式。故填displayed。 49．Making eye contact in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, it is not always (认可) of. 【答案】approved 【详解】考查动词。句意：在某些国家，眼神交流是表示感兴趣的一种方式。相比之下，在其他国家，它并不总是被认可的。结合空后的of可知，“认可”应用动词approve，动词短语approve of表示“认可，赞成”，且approve of和主语it之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此approve需用过去分词的形式。故填approved。 50．Government forces were (撤回) from the island yesterday. 【答案】withdrawn 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：政府军昨天从该岛撤出。表示“撤回”应用动词withdraw，和主语构成被动关系。故填withdrawn。 51．Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is (位于) just a 10­minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. 【答案】located 【详解】考查动词。句意：Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes酒店距离市中心火车站仅10分钟步行路程，靠近城市的所有主要景点。根据提示的汉语，表示“位于”应为locate，结合句意，locate与句子主语Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式与is构成句子的谓语。故填located。 52．The exhibition was (主办) by the Society of Culture. 【答案】sponsored 【详解】考查动词。句意：展览由文化协会主办。根据汉语提示并分析句子结构，空处应用及物动词sponsor。主语The exhibition和sponsor之间是动宾关系，且空前有was，所以这里应填过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填sponsored。 53．Don’t park your car here, or you’ll be (罚款). 【答案】fined 【详解】考查动词。句意：不要把车停在这里，否则你会被罚款的。根据汉语提示“罚款”及前文you’ll be可知，此处应用动词fine的过去分词构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填fined。 54．This iron is (保修) for a year against faulty workmanship. 【答案】guaranteed 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这种熨斗保修一年，做工不准。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需要填入“ 保修”，guarantee意为“保修”，此处表示“被保修”，句子中已经有be动词，所以需要填入过去分词。故填guaranteed。 55．The applicant was (否定) entry into the country for lack of required documents. 【答案】denied 【详解】考查动词。句意：申请人因缺乏所需文件而被拒绝入境。根据提示的汉语，表示“否定”应为deny，与主语the applicant之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填denied。 56．My brother tricked me into taking the new clock apart, but it was I who (责备) by my father. 【答案】was scolded 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我哥哥骗我把新钟拆开了，但是我却被爸爸责备了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词scold，I与scold之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合tricked可知，应用一般过去时，且主语为单数，be动词使用was。故填was scolded。 57．After three rounds of voting, Jack (选举) the president of the student’s union. 【答案】was elected 【详解】考查动词。句意：经过三轮投票，杰克当选为学生会主席。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“选举”应用elect，为动词，在本句中作谓语，Jack和elect为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，描述过去情况。故填was elected。 58．It’s universally (承认) that it’s difficult to shake off bad habits. 【答案】acknowledged/admitted/recognized 【详解】考查动词。句意：人们普遍认为改掉坏习惯是很难的。根据汉语提示可知，acknowledge/admit/recognize“承认”，动词，结合空前的“It’s”可知此处是一般现在时的被动语态，空处用过去分词，故填acknowledged/admitted/recognized。 59．Strict rules should be (采取) for garbage sorting in the near future. 【答案】adopted 【详解】考查动词。句意：近期应该对垃圾分类采取严格的规定。“采取”为动词adopt。和主语strict rules是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与should be构成含有情态动词的被动语态，故填adopted。 60．Robert asked his friends to bring some tools to save the man who was (受困) in the car. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查动词。句意：罗伯特让他的朋友们带一些工具来救被困在车里的那个人。根据中文提示可知，表示“受困”应用trap，且由句意可知，此空应填过去分词形式，与前面was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。 三、完成句子 61．In particular, his paintings are (突出于……/优于……) others paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 【答案】 set apart from 【详解】考查动词短语和语态。句意：特别是，他的画以其逼真的人脸和深刻的情感影响而与其他绘画不同。“突出于……/优于……”用动词短语set apart from表示，作谓语，与主语his paintings构成被动关系，用过去分词形式set apart from与助动词are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填set apart from。 62．Alice is the only one of the students in our school (被选中) to take part in the poetry contest. 【答案】who has been chosen 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：爱丽丝是我们学校唯一被选中参加诗歌比赛的学生。分析句子可知，空处应用who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the only one，并在从句中作主语，从句中表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时，动词“选择”choose与其主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，先行词为单数，助动词用has。故填who has been chosen。 63．Due to the bad weather, the plane couldn’t take off on time, so the passengers (被告知可能会延误). 【答案】were informed of possible delays 【详解】考查时态语态和短语。句意：由于天气不好，飞机不能按时起飞，所以乘客被告知可能会延误。“被告知”译为be informed of，“可能会延误”译为possible delays，inform与主语passengers是被动关系，根据句意和couldn't可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were informed of possible delays。 64．He (被指控谋杀) and sentenced to death. 【答案】was charged with murder 【详解】考查固定短语和动词语态、名词。句意：他被控谋杀并被判处死刑。根据空后的sentenced可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，此处使用固定短语charge sb. with“指控某人”，与主语He为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was；表示“谋杀”用murder，作with的宾语。故填was charged with murder。 65．After a few months’ reconstruction, the old city was (鲜活起来) again. 【答案】 brought to life 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：经过几个月的重建，老城又焕发了生机。“使……鲜活起来”为固定搭配bring...to life，由was和句意可知，the old city和短语bring...to life是被动关系，bring应用过去分词形式与was构成，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填brought；to；life。 66．Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also (追溯到) to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. 【答案】be traced back 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：因为神舟系列火箭的大部分技术都可以追溯到钱学森的研究，因此他赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用动词短语trace back to，表示“追溯到”，且与句子主语之间为被动关系，且情态动词后应为动词原形，所以此处被动形式应为be traced back to，to已在空后出现。故填be traced back。 67．I told those international students that tea (广泛分布) all over the country. 【答案】is widely distributed 【详解】考查动词和副词。句意：我告诉那些留学生，茶叶在全国广泛分布。“分布”使用动词distribute，“广泛”使用副词widely，修饰动词distribute，主语tea和动词distribute之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，故填is widely distributed。 68．These men (被搜查以寻找) drugs in vain, and then they were released. 【答案】were searched for 【详解】考查动词短语、时态、语态以及主谓一致。句意：这些人被搜查以寻找毒品，但一无所获，然后他们被释放了。“搜查”用动词search表达，动词短语search sb for sth表示“搜查某人以寻找……”，句子主语These men 与动词search之间为被动关系，“被搜查以寻找”表达为被动语态be searched for；由“and then they were released”可知此句陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时态；These men作主语，为复数，be动词使用were，即were searched for。故填were searched for。 69． (必须采取措施) to encourage farmers to increase their production of the herb. 【答案】Action must be taken/Measures must be taken/Steps must be taken 【详解】考查含情态动词的被动语态、情态动词must的用法。句意：必须采取行动鼓励农民增加这种草药的产量。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语take measures/ action/ steps to do sth.“采取措施做某事”。表示“必须”用情态动词must，后接动词原形；主语Action/Measures/Steps，位于句首，首字母大写；且主语与动词take为被动关系，故谓语用must be taken。故填Action/ Measures/ Steps must be taken。 70．as if/though引导方式状语从句 Night came (仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭), and in another moment came the day. 【答案】as if a lamp was being turned out 【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：黑夜降临了，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，转眼间，白天来临了。“仿佛”使用as if引导方式状语从句，“一盏灯”译为a lamp，作主语，“熄灭”使用动词短语turn out，和主语之间是被动关系，结合“came”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，结合“正在熄灭”可知此处应用过去进行时的被动语态，故填as if a lamp was being turned out。 情态动词精讲 一、情态动词的基本用法 1．can/could (1)表示能力，意为“能、会”。 The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。 It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 (2)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定或疑问句中。can比could语气强。 This can't/couldn't be done by him. 这事不可能是他做的。 (3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，could可以代替can，语气更加委婉。 Could I use your phone, please? 我可以用一下你的电话吗？ (4)表示理论上的可能性。 Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. 要始终相信美好事物是可能的，记住失误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。 (5)用于否定句和疑问句，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。 He can't/couldn't do this. 他不可能这样做。(表示不相信) Can this be done by him? 这可能是他做的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶) (6)用于固定结构中 ①can't...too/enough表示“无论……也不为过；越……越好”。 You can't be too careful when a young child is near water. 小孩子在水边时，你还是越小心越好。 ②can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。 Hearing this story, I couldn't help laughing. 听到这个故事，我禁不住大笑起来。 注：　 can和be able to都可以表示能力，二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“终于做成某事”，有更多时态和人称的变化；且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用，如might、ought to、seem等；还可用非谓语动词形式。 If you are careful enough, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你足够仔细，那么你就能做出这道题。 He seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words. 他似乎能把复杂的思想用简单的话语说出来。 She grasped my hand, not being able to say anything.　她抓着我的手，什么话也说不出来。 2．may/might (1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。 May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship? 我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行？ Might I borrow your computer? 我可以借一下你的电脑吗？ (2)表示可能性，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。 Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. 当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子，但他们也应该理解孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house. 如果你离开时忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。 (3)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ (4)用于固定结构“may/might as well＋动词原形”中，意为“最好、倒不如”。 Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。 3．must/have to (1)must的用法 ①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must构成的一般疑问句时，若是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而用needn't或是don't have to，因为mustn't意为“绝不能、一定不要”，而不是“不必”的意思。 Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment. 在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。 ②must常用于肯定句中，表示猜测、推测，意为“想必、一定”。其具体用法如下： must do 对现在或未来的事进行猜测 must be doing 对正在进行的事进行猜测 must have done 对已经发生的事进行猜测 I think the old woman must be a nice person. 我想这位老太太一定是个好人。 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now. 快点！他们现在一定正在等我们。 ③用于否定句中，表示禁止。 Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。 ④表示“偏要、非要……不可”。 Must you make so loud noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？ (2)have to的用法 have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有人称和时态的变化。 I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course. 我还想了解一下我得为这门课程付多少钱。 It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. 就在那时，我开始欣赏她不得不在平衡家庭和工作方面所做出的艰难选择。 4．shall (1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外面等着可以吗？ (2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 (3)用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。 The club members shall wear uniforms. 俱乐部成员都应该穿统一的制服。 5．should/ought to (1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 表示责任或义务时，ought to等同于should，只是前者的语气稍重。 Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower? It will make her feel better. 为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。 You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。 (2)should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然、居然”。 That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。 (3)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该、估计”。 He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough. 他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。 6．will/would (1)表示自愿或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。will指现在，would指过去。 —Can someone fetch some water? ——有人能去取点水来吗？ —I will. ——我去。 (2)表示请求或要求，would比will更客气、委婉。而在句末用won't you表达邀请的语气。 Would you mind opening the window for me? 你介意帮我打开窗户吗？ (3)will表示规律性，意为“注定会”。 Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear. 穿合适的衣服也很重要，因为当地人会根据你的穿着来评判你。 7．need/dare need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。 (1)用作情态动词。 —Are you coming with me? ——你要和我一起去吗？ —I can't, Alice. I daren't. ——我不去了，艾丽丝。我不敢。 It's quite warm here; we needn't turn the heating on yet. 这里很暖和。我们还不必开暖气。 (2)用作实义动词。 You don't need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so. 大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。 二、情态动词＋have done 1．表示对过去情况的猜测或估计 (1)can/could have done用于否定句或疑问句，表示对过去情况的可能性的否定或质疑。其否定形式意为“不可能/不会(已经)……的”；其疑问形式意为“可能/也许(已经)……了吗？”。用could表示语气的缓和和更不肯定。 I couldn't have been more than six years old when the accident happened. 事故发生时我不可能超过六岁。 (2)may/might have done用于肯定句或否定句，表示对过去情况发生的可能性的不确定猜测。其肯定形式意为“可能/也许(已经)……了”，其否定形式意为“可能/或许还没有……”。用might代替may，则语气更加委婉和含蓄，表示的可能性更小。 I think she may have gone to the library. 我想她可能去图书馆了。 2．表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其结构而定。 (1)ought to have done表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本该……的(但却没有……)”； oughtn't to have done表示对过去做了某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本来不该……的(但却已经……了)”。 Mr White ought to have arrived at 8：30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. 怀特先生本应该在8：30到达开会，但他没有出现。 (2)could have done表示对过去本来能够完成但却没有完成的较委婉的批评或对过去情况含有不满情绪的提议，意为“本来能够……的”。 He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free. 他付了座位费，他本来是能够免费入场的。 (3)might have done表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备，意为“本可以……的”。 I might have passed the exam if I had studied harder. 如果我学习更用功一点，我本可以通过考试的。 语法训练 一、语法填空 1．—What are you doing, dear? —I’m watching the football game. —What? You have done your homework first. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——亲爱的，你在干什么？——我在看足球比赛。——什么？你应该先做作业。根据语境可知，此处使用情态动词should“应该”。故填should。 2．When arriving, I could see nobody there. I thought that my friend have got angry and left. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词must的推测用法。句意：当我到达时，我没看见那里有人。我想我的朋友一定是生气离开了。在本句中，根据“I could see nobody there”和“I thought”可知，说话者基于到现场发现无人的事实，做出了一个推测，即“我的朋友一定是生气离开了”；must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，符合语境，故答案是must。 3．If you think the price of beef is too high, you as well buy some pork. It depends on you! 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词may的用法。句意：如果你觉得牛肉的价格太高，你也可以买一些猪肉。这取决于你！在这里，may as well表示“也可以，不妨”。句子中提到“如果你觉得牛肉的价格太高”，随后给出了一个建议，即“你也可以买一些猪肉”。may as well用于提出建议或选择，表示除了某种选择外，还有另一种选择也是可行的。这种用法表达了说话者对于选择的开放性或建议的温和性。故答案是may。 4．Even if you are an experienced teacher, you sometimes make some mistakes. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：即使你是一位经验丰富的老师，你有时也会犯一些错误。根据“you are an experienced teacher”可知，此处使用情态动词can“可能”符合句意，故填can。 5．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词should的特殊用法。句意：你无法想象一个举止得体的绅士竟然会对一位女士如此粗鲁。在这个上下文中，作者对于绅士的粗鲁行为表示惊讶，should表示“竟然，居然”，用于表达说话者对某件事情的惊讶或不满，指某人的行为或情况与预期或常识相悖，从而表达出说话者的意外之情，符合语境。句中表示原本期望绅士会有礼貌，但实际情况却与之相反，因此使用了should来强调这种反差。故答案是should。 6．—Are you coming to the musical of the 42nd Avenue from Broadway —I’m not sure. I go to see a movie instead. 【答案】might/may 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——你是从百老汇来听42大道的音乐剧吗。——我不确定。我可能会去看电影。根据I’m not sure可知，表示有可能但把握不大的推测，用情态动词may或might。故填may或might。 7．You not have treated Tom in that way. It was unfair. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你不应该那样对待汤姆。这是不公平的。should not have done本不应该做某事。根据句意，故填should。 8．He had known the matter before you told him, so you not have told it to him. 【答案】need 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在你告诉他之前，他已经知道了这件事，所以你本不必告诉他的。根据“He had known the matter before you told him”可知，你本来没有必要告诉他这件事，need not have done：本没有必要做某事(实际上做了)，故填need。 9．Since the ground is white. it have snowed last night. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：因为地面是白色的。昨晚一定下了雪。根据句意可知，此处使用must have done表示对过去的肯定推测，故填must。 10．I didn’t hear the phone. I have been asleep. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：我没有听到手机响。我一定是睡着了。分析句子可知，此处考查must have done结构，表示对过去事情的肯定猜测，故应用must have been。故填must。 11．I can’t find Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building. Where he have gone? 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我在办公楼里找不到史密斯先生。他可能去哪儿了呢？根据“I can’t find Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building. ”可知，问句表示的是“史密斯先生可能去了哪里呢？”，“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”，故填can。 12．Johnny, you not play with the knife. you hurt yourself. 【答案】 must may 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：强尼，你不能玩刀子。你可能会伤到自己。分析句子可知，第一空表示的是禁止做某事，禁止玩刀，所以应用must not；第二空表推测，说玩刀也许会伤到自己，所以应用may。故填must；may。 13．We mustn’t (loose) the seat belt when we drive. 【答案】loosen 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们开车时一定不能松开安全带。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合空前mustn’t为情态动词可知，此处为动词原形。故填loosen。 14．Taking exercise can not only (strength) your body but also release you from stress. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：锻炼不仅能增强身体，还能缓解压力。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语使用动词，strength为名词，其动词的英文表达为：strengthen，根据空白处前面的情态动词can可知空白处应填动词原形，故填strengthen。 15．We can’t (tolerant) people throwing garbage here and there, so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment. 【答案】tolerate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不能容忍人们到处乱扔垃圾，所以我们将发起一项运动，呼吁人们保护环境。提示词在句中作谓语，与主语We之间是主动关系，在情态动词can’t后用动词原形。故填tolerate。 16．My friend is a reliable person, and you can (reliable) on it that he will finish the work on time. 【答案】rely 【详解】考查动词。句意：我的朋友是一个可靠的人，你可以相信他会按时完成工作的。分析句子可知，提示词在句中作谓语动词，应用其同根动词rely，意为“依靠，依赖”，在情态动词can后用原形。故填rely。 17．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. 【答案】could 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：今天早上我在会议室没看到她。她不可能在会上发言。根据句意以及前面一句中didn’t see可知，此处为couldn’t have done sth.表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生某情况”。故填could。 18．One never be too careful when driving. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：开车时无论多么小心都不为过。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定结构“can not/never…too…”意为“无论……也不为过”。故填can。 19．You not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 【答案】need 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你现在不必还书。如果你愿意，可以借到下周。根据句意，此处考查情态动词need，意为“需要”，need not意为“不用，不必”，后接动词原形。故填need。 20．We be careful when we are making friends on the Internet. 【答案】have to/ought to 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：当我们在互联网上交朋友时，应该小心。根据句意可知，空处应填表示“应该”或者“必须”含义的情态动词，故填have to/ought to。 二、完成句子 21． , I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much money on it. 尽管旅游能够使我增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的金钱不是一个好主意。 【答案】While travelling can broaden my mind 【详解】考查让步状语从句，情态动词，名词。根据汉语意思可知，本句为让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句的连词可以用while，表示“虽然，尽管”；“旅行”为travel，在本句中作主语，所以用动名词；表示“能够”用can，情态动词后加动词原形，表示“增长”用broaden，“见识”用mind，“我的”用my。故答案为While travelling can broaden my mind。 22．伟大的人物都能从最少的错误中吸取最多的教益。 Great men are those . 【答案】who can profit the most from the fewest mistakes 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构和句意可知，表示“能从最少的错误中吸取最多的教益”应为定语从句修饰先行词those，表示“能吸取最大的教益”应为can profit the most，表示“从最少得错误中”应为from the fewest mistakes，分析句子结构可知，先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，且先行词为those，应使用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who can profit the most from the fewest mistakes。 23．If you are writing a 120-word English composition, you’d better (设置期限) for 15 minutes. 【答案】set a deadline 【详解】考查情态动词，名词。句意：如果你要写一篇120字的英语作文，你最好设定一个15分钟的截止日期。“截止日期”为deadline为可数名词，此处指的是一个截止日期，所以用单数。had betted do sth.，所以用动词原形。故填set a deadline。 24．不可否认的事实是，你可能会遇到诸如想家，适应新的环境和学习一门新的语言等困难。 such as , adapting to the new surroundings and learning a new language. 【答案】 One cannot deny the fact that you may encounter difficulties suffering from homesickness 【详解】考查同位语从句、动词（短语）和名词。对比中英文可知，第一空表示“不可否认的事实是，你可能会遇到困难”，“不可否认的事实是”可理解为“人们不能否认这样一个事实”，用固定句型one cannot deny the fact that…表示，其中that引导名词性从句作fact的同位语，从句中主语“你”用代词you，“可能”用情态动词may，“遇到”可用动词encounter，“困难”可用名词difficulties，且句首单词的首字母需大写。第二空表示“想家”，作such as的宾语，可用动词短语suffer from的动名词形式和名词homesickness搭配。故填①One cannot deny the fact that you may encounter difficulties；②suffering from homesickness。 25．既然你毕业于重点大学，你就有资格申请这个职位了。 Now that you graduated from a key university, you can . 【答案】have the qualification to apply for the position 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“有资格做某事”应用have the qualification to do sth.，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“申请”应用固定短语apply for，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“这个职位”应用the position。故填have the qualification to apply for the position。 26．我们不仅应该食用不同种类的新鲜食物，如鱼、肉、蔬菜、水果以及奶制品，而且应该饮食规律、适当。 , such as fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as dairy products, . 【答案】 Not only should we have different categories of fresh foods but we should also have the food regularly and properly 【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“不仅……而且……”应用连词not only…but also…；表示“应该”应用情态动词should；表示“我们”应用代词we；表示“不同种类的”应用短语different categories of；表示“食用”应用动词have；表示“新鲜食物”应用短语fresh foods；表示“规律”应用副词regularly；表示“适当”应用副词properly；分析句子结构和意思可知，可以把not only放在句首，第一个小分句部分倒装，谓语动词有情态动词should，可以直接提到主语前面。故答案为Not only should we have different categories of fresh foods；but we should also have the food regularly and properly。 27．为了保持健康，我们应该保持合理的饮食。 To keep fit, we should . 【答案】keep a reasonable diet 【详解】考查动词和形容词。“保持”使用动词keep，“合理的”使用形容词reasonable作定语，“饮食”使用名词diet，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填keep a reasonable diet。 28．请记住只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功。(倒装句) Please keep in mind that ． 【答案】only by possessing a good state of mind can you be likely to attain success 【详解】考查部分倒装和短语。根据题干要求可知，空处所填内容“只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功”应处理为倒装句；“良好的心态”可表达为a good state of mind，“拥有”可表达为possess，因此“只有拥有良好的心态”表达为only by possessing a good state of mind；“有可能做某事”表达为can be likely to do sth.，“获得成功”表达为attain success；此处将only+状语置于句首引起部分倒装，情态动词can提至主语you之前。故填only by possessing a good state of mind can you be likely to attain success。 29．我们应该怜悯残疾人而不是看不起他们。 We are supposed to instead of looking down upon them. 【答案】show mercy to the disabled 【详解】考查动词短语和形容词。空处表示“怜悯”，用show mercy to…，表示“残疾人”用the+形容词结构，disabled意思为：残疾的，为形容词。be supposed to后用动词原形。故填show mercy to the disabled。 30．我们计划游览校园，在此期间你可以欣赏美景，了解我校的历史。 A tour of our campus is scheduled, and get to know the history of our school. 【答案】during which you can admire the beautiful scenery 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tour，“在……期间”使用介词during，关系词在从句中作during的宾语，应用关系代词which，“可以”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“欣赏”使用动词admire，“美景”译为beautiful scenery，句子使用一般现在时，故填during which you can admire the beautiful scenery。 31．我的建议能促进减压。 My advice . 【答案】can facilitate the reduction of stress 【详解】考查情态动词、名词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“能促进减压”，表示“能”用情态动词can，表示“促进”用facilitate，位于情态动词后，用动词原形。表示“减少”用名词reduction，作can facilitate的宾语。表示“压力”用stress，表示“减压”用the reduction of stress。故填can facilitate the reduction of stress。 32．面对即将到来的紧张的高中生活，你不仅焦虑不安而且你也处在巨大压力之下。在我个人看来，再怎么强调良好心态的重要性也不为过。 Faced with , not only are you but you also are . Personally, I too much. 【答案】 the approaching stressful senior high school life stressed/stressed out under great stress can’t stress the importance of a good state of mind/can’t stress the significance of a good state of mind/ can’t lay stress on the importance of a good state of mind/ can’t lay stress on the significance of a good state of mind 【详解】考查名词（短语）、形容词、动词（短语）、介词短语和固定结构。对比中英文可知，第一空表示“即将到来的紧张的高中生活”，“高中生活”可用名词短语the senior high school life，“即将到来的”可用现在分词approaching，作定语，“紧张的”可用形容词stressful，作定语；第二空表示“焦虑不安”，可用形容词stressed或形容词短语stressed out，作表语；第三空表示“处在巨大压力之下”，可用介词短语under great stress，作表语；第四空表示“再怎么强调良好心态的重要性”，且空后为too much，应用固定结构can’t do sth. too much表示“再怎么样也不为过”，“强调”可用动词stress或动词短语lay stress on，“良好心态的重要性”可用名词短语the importance of a good state of mind或the significance of a good state of mind。故填①the approaching stressful senior high school life；②stressed (out)；③under great stress；④can’t stress/lay stress on the importance/significance of a good state of mind。 33．I should express my thanks to my teachers. Without his help, I wouldn't have achieved such a big success.(同义句转换) →I should to my teachers, , I wouldn't have achieved such a big success. 【答案】 convey my appreciation/gratitude without whose help 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。句意：我应该向我的老师表达我的感激之情，没有他们的帮助，我不可能取得如此大的成功。第一空express my thanks可用convey my appreciation/gratitude，替换；第二空为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且缺少定语应用whose。故填①convey my appreciation/gratitude；②without whose help。 34．正是通过这次经历我意识到我应该坚持自己的梦想永不放弃。 It was through the experience that I was aware that I and never give it up. 【答案】should hold on to/hold fast to my dream 【详解】考查情态动词及动词短语。“应该”使用情态动词should，“坚持”使用动词短语hold on to/hold fast to，主语为I，所以“自己的梦想”为my dream，故填should hold on to my dream或should hold fast to my dream。 35．及时实施急救可以帮助缓解情况的严重性，防止健康状况恶化，甚至挽救生命。(动名词短语作主语) , prevent health conditions getting worse and even save a life. 【答案】Performing first aid without delay can help ease the seriousness of a situation 【详解】考查非谓语动词、情态动词和介词短语。“实施急救”可以用Perform first aid 表示，动名词作主语，“可以”用情态动词can，后用动词原形，“帮助”help，“缓解”是ease，“及时”是介词短语without delay ，“情况的严重性”表示为the seriousness of a situation，故答案为Performing first aid without delay can help ease the seriousness of a situation。 36．我无法容忍我们一些居民的涂鸦和乱扔垃圾的不正当行为。 scribbling and littering everywhere. 【答案】I can hardly tolerate some improper behavior among us residents 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，此处描述一般情况，用可用一般现在时。“无法容忍”表达为can hardly tolerate，“不正当行为”表达为名词短语some improper behavior，作动词tolerate宾语；“我们一些居民的”表达为among us residents；“我无法容忍我们一些居民的不正当行为”表达为I can hardly tolerate some improper behavior among us residents，故填I can hardly tolerate some improper behavior among us residents。 37．这句名言告诉我们，面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是责怪他人。 This famous quote conveys that when facing failure, . 【答案】we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others 【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语。“我们”翻译为we，作主语；“应该”用should表示；“反思自己”翻译为reflect on ourselves；“而不是”翻译为instead of；“责怪他人”翻译为put the blame on others，put用动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others 38．最后，我真诚地希望我们的友谊将永远持续下去，希望我们能保持联系。 At last, I sincerely hope our friendship will last forever and wish we can   . 【答案】keep in touch with each other 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“保持联系”的英语是动词短语keep in touch with；此处用作宾语从句的谓语部分，因为前面有情态动词can，此处keep使用原形。故填keep in touch with each other。 39．我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术创作。 , but also take part in its creation. 【答案】Not only can we interact with art 【详解】考查倒装句。“不仅”使用not only，“可以”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“与……互动”使用动词短语interact with，“艺术”使用名词art，此处将not only置于句首，句子用部分倒装，使用一般现在时，故填Not only can we interact with art。 40．Once you begin to do something, you must go on with it, or you will never achieve anything. →Once you begin to do something, you must , or you will never achieve anything. 【答案】carry on with it 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：一旦你开始做一件事，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。对比原句可知，需把原句中的go on with it进行同义替换，go on with it意为“坚持下去”，可以替换为carry on with it。故填carry on with it。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$