06选择性必修第二册重要语法突破讲义（名词性从句、过去分词）（人教版2019）-2024年高二英语培优提升暑假作业

06选择性必修第二册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 名词性从句+语法训练 Part two 过去分词+语法训练 名词性从句 主语从句 一、that引导的主语从句 1．that 引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但不可省略。 That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.政所周知，地球围着太阳转。 2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种： （1）It＋be＋形容词（necessary、right、likely、unlikely、wrong、important、certain、clear、obvious、strange、normal等）＋that从句 It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的建议。 (2)It＋be＋名词短语（a pity、a shame、a fact、an honour、a wonder、good news、no wonder等）＋that从句 It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.难怪他不想去。 （3）It＋be＋过去分词（said、told、heard、reported、decided、suggested、advised、ordered、remembered、thought、considered、well-known、announced等）＋that 从句 It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday. 已经决定将会议推迟到下周一。 （4）It＋特殊动词或短语（seem、appear、hap-pen、matter、turn out、occur to、make no difference等）＋that从句 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。 名师点拔 在''It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested／insisted／required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“（should）＋动词原形”。 To master Mandarin,it is suggested that you (should) practice with Chinese people. 为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。 二、whether与if引导的主语从句 whether与if引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。 主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。 Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided. 他们是否推迟会议还没有定下来。 It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。 三、wh-类连接词引导的主语从句 wh-类连接词包括连接代词（who、whom、whose、what、whoever、whomever、whatever 等）和连接副词（when、where、why、whenever、wherever等）。连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。 What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。 Whoever breaks the school windows will be punished.无论谁打破了学校的窗户，都要受罚。 宾语从句 一、that引导的宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但在下列情况中不能省略： 1．当that从句作介词的宾语时。 I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds. 我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是在远离城市的荒野之中。 2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。 He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon. 他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。 3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。 （1）一些接宾语补足语的动词，其后接宾语从句时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 （2）hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语 see to、depend on、rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我保证会把他照顾好。 二、whether与if引导的宾语从句 whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和 whether可以互换，在下列情况中只能用whether而不能用if： 1．宾语从句中与or not连用时，只能用whether。 I don't know whether or not the report is true. =I don't know whether/if the report is true. 我不知道这个报道是不是真的。 2．介词后的宾语从句要用whether。 It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。 三、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。 Do you know when the meeting will begin?你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ 名师点拨 在动词 suggest、advise、recommend、insist、order、command、request、require 等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should）＋动词原形”。 The manager requires that everyone (should)go to work on time every day. 经理要求每人每天要按时上班。 表语从句 一、连词 that、whether、because、why、as if、as though 引导的表语从句 1、在表语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无词义、但是不能省略。 The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself. 你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。 2．whether引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分、但有具体的含义，意为“是否”，且在表语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 3．because why 引导的表语从句。 This That is why...这／那是······的原因This That is because...这／那是因为······· That was why I asked for three days'leave.那就是我请了三天假的原因。 4．as if／though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天好像要下雨了。 二、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 1．连接代词有who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 2．连接副词有when、where、why、how、when-ever、wherever、however等；连接副词在从句中作状语。 This dictionary is just what I want for my study. 这部字典正是我学习要用到的（工具）。 That was where we camped last time. 那就是上次我们野营的地方。 名师点拨 在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”的名词 suggestion、advice、request、order等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should）＋动词原形”。 My advice is that we (should) make a new plan at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上制订一个新计划。 同位语从句 一、同位语从句的概念 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有fact、news、hope、truth、idea、suggestion、thought、question、promise、order、problem、belief、word、message、information、proof、announcement、desire、doubt、proposal、advice、possibility等。 His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立刻暴露出他是一个外国人。 The news that he was in trouble made me decide to act at once. 他陷入困境的消息让我决定马上行动。 二、同位语从句的连接词 1．连接词 that、whether that引导同位语从句时仅仅起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，不作成分，不可以用if替换。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队获胜的消息是真实的。 There is some doubt whether John will come on time. 有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到达。 2．连接代词 what、which、who、whom、whose 连接代词what、which、who、whom、whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，其意义分别为“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。 I have no idea what he is up to now. 我不知道他现在在忙什么。 With time going by, the doubt which of the team would win disappears. 随着时间的推移，哪支队伍会赢的疑问消失了。 The problem whom/who he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again. 会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。 3．连接副词when、where、why、how 连接副词 when、where、why、how 引导同位语从句时，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语，其意义分别为“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。 They have no idea when I will go back. 他们不知道我什么时候回去。 I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。 名师点拨 名词 suggestion、advice、order、demand、command、request等后的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“（should）＋动词原形”。 The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.每个人都应努力使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。 语法训练 一、语法填空 1． the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us. 2．Cut down on you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee pods whose production generates greenhouse gases. 3．To our surprise, was once a small fishing village has turned into a modern city. 4．Through his fascination with people were wearing, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone. 5．Her confusion is she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way. 6．My question is I can finish it in one hour. 7． I want are some books. 8．I bet you’d love to know daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the earth. 9． was so impressive about Jasmine’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. 10．It is widely acknowledged Professor Hawking was one of the greatest physicists in the world. 11．It is difficult to forecast threats our heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation. 12． life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising. 13．I doubt Tom has taken my watch. 14．The amazing thing about the spring is the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring! 15．Interestingly, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his Lanting Xu about literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups left floating and moving along the winding river. 16．It is very simple and that may be it spreads so quickly. 17．Some people are wondering virtual figures will replace real humans. 18．But continued population losses have raised questions about rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide. 19．Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing people learn in many places. 20．It is uncertain side effects the new medicine will bring about. 21．Confucius died in 479 BC, and his humble house in is today the city of Qufu, Shandong province, was turned into a memorial the following year. 22．After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. 23．“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding. 24．We are so casual and careless about we use things around us to make us fun, but it is important for our happiness and health. 25．This is proof dreams dream big and dreams do come true. 26．I don’t know the report is true or not. 27．There seems to be little doubt man has had an impact on the Earth’s climate. 28．In the novel, this is Jia Baoyu and his female cousins lived. 29．Whether the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is I’m especially worried about. 30．The reason why he was late was his car broke down on the way. 二、完成句子 31．He wrote a letter (在信中他解释了发生的事情) in the accident. 32．I have no idea (他们在计划什么). 33．The city is no longer (它两年前的样子). 34．what引导宾语从句 In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along (后来闻名遐迩的丝绸之路). 35．I’m just (但愿) somebody in Congress will do something before it’s too late. 36． (据估计) more than 50% of young consumers will choose to shop online. 37．Hurry up! It looks (火车好像要开了). 38．Personally speaking, (我最喜欢澳大利亚的是) the people themselves. 39．So long as you try your best, (赢不赢没有关系). 40． (真正让她担心) was how unhappy the child was. 41． (我首先想弄清楚的) was how long it was going to take. 42．that引导同位语从句 To sum up, one cannot deny the fact (留学有其弊端)． 43．Stephen （坚信）he had seen the beginning of true greatness. 44．What we say should (言行一致). 45． (很明显) they are having fun on the seaside. 三、翻译 46．拉里（Larry）劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。 47．随着越来越多的国家投入到濒危物种的保护中，我们相信那些物种会幸免于难的。(spare) 48．正是高中的学习经历使我相信，不论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将得到回报。（It...；convince) 49．一听到他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来的消息，他忍不住大哭起来。（burst） 50．那些对当地风貌期望过高的游客大老远来到山区，却发现曾经延伸到地平线的森林全都消失不见了。（expect） 51．在过去的一年里，坚定的韧性帮助我们度过了暴风雨时期的起起落落。(ups and downs) 52．无论发生什么事情，我们都会承担最终责任。 53．尤皮克人（the Yupik people）认为，教育是他们一开始就为孩子们做的，而学校教育是外界强加给他们的。（while） 54．出于对工作场所安全的担忧，工人们要求公司改善工作条件。（demand） 55．有些人认为，给那些需要对自身处境“负责”的人捐款是不符合道德原则的。(who) 56．他将自己受到的良好的教育归功于他的导师。(owe it to sb. that, tutor) 57．植物非常重要。这是因为植物在维持生态平衡方面扮演着重要的角色。(ecology) 58．他们认为塑料既方便又便宜，而替代品可能会昂贵或不易获得。（汉译英） 59．得知中国画展览需要一名志愿者，我不想错过这个机会。(分词短语作状语) 60．经历那些看似不可能做的事，去取得我们从未相信自己能取得的成就。 过去分词 过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语时，位于系动词be、get、become、look、feel、secm 等之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 She looked disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很受鼓舞。 2．过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken.（系表结构） 杯子破了。 The cup was broken by Tom.（被动语态） 杯子是被汤姆打破的。 3．过去分词作表语时，表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常意为“感到······的”；而动词ing形式作表语时，表示事物所具有的特性，常意为“令人······的”。 They were so worried that they stayed awake all night. 他们如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation was so worrying that something should be done at once. 形势如此令人担忧，以至于应该立刻采取措施。 过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作时间状语时，相当于由when、while、after、once等引导的时间状语从句。 Asked about his address (= When he was asked about his addresses), the little boy didn't respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词作原因状语时，相当于由as、since、because等引导的原因状语从句。 Absorbed in painting (= Because John was absorbed in painting), John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于在专心画画，约翰并没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3．过去分词作条件状语时，相当于由if、unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour (=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。 4．过去分词作让步状语时，相当于由though、although、even if／though等引导的让步状语从句。 Beaten by the opposite team (=Though we were beaten by the opposite team),we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然我们被对方的队打败了，但是我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。 5．过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成并列句。 The old man got on the bus,supported by a girl (=and he was supported by a girl). 在一个女孩的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。 6．过去分词作状语时，过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式作状语时，动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 Asked why he was late, he cried.当被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there. 朝窗外望去，我看见几名学生在那边玩耍。 7．过去分词作状语的注意事项： （1）过去分词作状语时，其前可以带有相应的连词，如 when、though、although、as if、as though、if、unless、until、once等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等。 If (I am) invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。 （2）过去分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。 Caught,the thief will be punished by the police. 小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。（caught的逻辑主语为the thief） （3）有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有 satisfied、surprised、interested、moved、worried、pleased、disap-pointed等。 Disappointed at the examination results,the girl stood there without saying a word.由于对考试结果很失望，这个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。 动词-ing形式与过去分词作状语的区别 动词-ing形式与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主谓与动宾关系。 1．动词-ing形式作状语时，动词-ing形式的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果动词-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walking along the street, I met a friend ot mine. 沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work, they went home to have a rest. 完成工作后，他们回家休息了。 2．过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 语法训练 一、语法填空 1． by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. (frighten) 2． (expose) to all kinds of electronic games, the boy lost interest in his study. 3． (compare) with my opponent, I deserved more recognition for my hard work. 4．Seriously (injure), she had to be sent to hospital at once. 5．If (expose) to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. 6．The article (refer) to on this subject was written by Mr. Black. 7． (surround) by the clear waters, this forest can provide visitors with a wonderful chance to see endangered birds in the wild. 8．They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. 9． (absorb) in the experiment, the professor didn’t realize it was already past midnight. 10．I hiked across other places (empty) of their wildlife by human beings. 11．He had useless things (remove) to make enough room. 12．With the gift brightly (wrap), she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party. 13．Bruce had to ask to be on sick leave for he had his leg (break) while playing basketball. 14．In addition, we have three indoor activity rooms (locate) in the east of our campus. 15．There are (vary) approaches to the center，where experts will try to make twins (distinguish). 16．What surprised me most was to see many senior citizens (seat) in the hall and (wait) to listen to the lecture on health care. 17． (inspire) by bats, researchers have developed an algorithm (算法) that uses the same trick. It measures the time it takes for sound to travel around a space and return to a sensor (传感器), then uses this information to build a picture of its surroundings. 18．It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries (hold) in her sharp mouth. 19． (trick)into giving up a large quantity of money，he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine. 20．A week later, the team gathered at the lot, carrying tools (purchase) with their earnings. 二、完成句子 21．The new text (由……组成) three parts is hard to recite. 22．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school (路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生). 23．It is a great privilege for me to tell you some information (与当地生活有关的). 24．The position (申请) by many applicants actually requires at least 5 year’s working experience. 25．The old man entered the hall, (被一群孩子跟着). 26． (陷入沉思) , he didn’t notice the door open. 27． （我确实找人修理了电脑）last week, but it doesn't work now. 28．It is one of the funniest things （在网上发现的） so far this year. 29． (改编自) Jane Austin’s classic, the BBC production Pride and Prejudice is universally acknowledged as the best so far. 30．After they (被困在) the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued. → , the miners were finally rescued.(过去分词短语作状语) 三、翻译 31．在钢琴演出前， Claire去了理发店剪了头发， 做了发型。（have…done) 32．观众被美妙的钢琴曲吸引住了，钢琴家表演结束的时候，他们几乎忘了向他鼓掌。(applaud) 33．在这场由违法用火而引发的山火被扑灭后，人们意识到对公众进行防灾减灾教育的重要性。（conscious） 34．如今，人工智能生成的报告非常受欢迎，因为这些报告能提供精准且深入的数据分析。(demand) 35．这种病毒会引起高烧，通常还伴有咳嗽与喉咙痛。(accompany) 36．毫无疑问，在新鲜空气中做一些体育锻炼会让你精神焕发。（There is little doubt that ...; refresh） 37．在未来，随着所有的化石燃料消耗殆尽，我们不得不依赖可替代能源。（with+宾语+宾补，rely on） 38．打扮成圣诞老人的样子，他沿着城市的主干道出发了。（过去分词做状语） 39．昨天一个包里只装备了一个热汉堡的人从加利福尼亚一座小城的一家银行里抢劫了1万美元。 40．或许给予些时间，这个消亡的语言会恢复生机。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 06选择性必修第二册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 名词性从句+语法训练 Part two 过去分词+语法训练 名词性从句 主语从句 一、that引导的主语从句 1．that 引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但不可省略。 That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.政所周知，地球围着太阳转。 2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种： （1）It＋be＋形容词（necessary、right、likely、unlikely、wrong、important、certain、clear、obvious、strange、normal等）＋that从句 It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的建议。 (2)It＋be＋名词短语（a pity、a shame、a fact、an honour、a wonder、good news、no wonder等）＋that从句 It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.难怪他不想去。 （3）It＋be＋过去分词（said、told、heard、reported、decided、suggested、advised、ordered、remembered、thought、considered、well-known、announced等）＋that 从句 It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday. 已经决定将会议推迟到下周一。 （4）It＋特殊动词或短语（seem、appear、hap-pen、matter、turn out、occur to、make no difference等）＋that从句 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。 名师点拔 在''It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested／insisted／required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“（should）＋动词原形”。 To master Mandarin,it is suggested that you (should) practice with Chinese people. 为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。 二、whether与if引导的主语从句 whether与if引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。 主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。 Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided. 他们是否推迟会议还没有定下来。 It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。 三、wh-类连接词引导的主语从句 wh-类连接词包括连接代词（who、whom、whose、what、whoever、whomever、whatever 等）和连接副词（when、where、why、whenever、wherever等）。连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。 What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。 Whoever breaks the school windows will be punished.无论谁打破了学校的窗户，都要受罚。 宾语从句 一、that引导的宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但在下列情况中不能省略： 1．当that从句作介词的宾语时。 I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds. 我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是在远离城市的荒野之中。 2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。 He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon. 他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。 3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。 （1）一些接宾语补足语的动词，其后接宾语从句时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 （2）hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语 see to、depend on、rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我保证会把他照顾好。 二、whether与if引导的宾语从句 whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和 whether可以互换，在下列情况中只能用whether而不能用if： 1．宾语从句中与or not连用时，只能用whether。 I don't know whether or not the report is true. =I don't know whether/if the report is true. 我不知道这个报道是不是真的。 2．介词后的宾语从句要用whether。 It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。 三、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。 Do you know when the meeting will begin?你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ 名师点拨 在动词 suggest、advise、recommend、insist、order、command、request、require 等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should）＋动词原形”。 The manager requires that everyone (should)go to work on time every day. 经理要求每人每天要按时上班。 表语从句 一、连词 that、whether、because、why、as if、as though 引导的表语从句 1、在表语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无词义、但是不能省略。 The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself. 你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。 2．whether引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分、但有具体的含义，意为“是否”，且在表语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 3．because why 引导的表语从句。 This That is why...这／那是······的原因This That is because...这／那是因为······· That was why I asked for three days'leave.那就是我请了三天假的原因。 4．as if／though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天好像要下雨了。 二、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 1．连接代词有who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 2．连接副词有when、where、why、how、when-ever、wherever、however等；连接副词在从句中作状语。 This dictionary is just what I want for my study. 这部字典正是我学习要用到的（工具）。 That was where we camped last time. 那就是上次我们野营的地方。 名师点拨 在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”的名词 suggestion、advice、request、order等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should）＋动词原形”。 My advice is that we (should) make a new plan at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上制订一个新计划。 同位语从句 一、同位语从句的概念 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有fact、news、hope、truth、idea、suggestion、thought、question、promise、order、problem、belief、word、message、information、proof、announcement、desire、doubt、proposal、advice、possibility等。 His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立刻暴露出他是一个外国人。 The news that he was in trouble made me decide to act at once. 他陷入困境的消息让我决定马上行动。 二、同位语从句的连接词 1．连接词 that、whether that引导同位语从句时仅仅起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，不作成分，不可以用if替换。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队获胜的消息是真实的。 There is some doubt whether John will come on time. 有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到达。 2．连接代词 what、which、who、whom、whose 连接代词what、which、who、whom、whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，其意义分别为“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。 I have no idea what he is up to now. 我不知道他现在在忙什么。 With time going by, the doubt which of the team would win disappears. 随着时间的推移，哪支队伍会赢的疑问消失了。 The problem whom/who he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again. 会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。 3．连接副词when、where、why、how 连接副词 when、where、why、how 引导同位语从句时，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语，其意义分别为“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。 They have no idea when I will go back. 他们不知道我什么时候回去。 I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。 名师点拨 名词 suggestion、advice、order、demand、command、request等后的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“（should）＋动词原形”。 The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.每个人都应努力使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。 语法训练 一、语法填空 1． the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这个男孩在短时间内取得如此大的进步使我们大家都感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，应用连接词 that 引导该从句。故填 That。 2．Cut down on you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee pods whose production generates greenhouse gases. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：减少你扔掉的东西，注意像咖啡荚这样的一次性物品，它们的生产会产生温室气体。分析句子成分可知“you throw away”作的是介词on 的宾语，故为宾语从句，且从句中缺少throw的宾语，故用连接代词what 来引导宾语从句。故填what。 3．To our surprise, was once a small fishing village has turned into a modern city. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：令我们惊讶的是，曾经的小渔村已经变成了一座现代化的城市。空处引导的是一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语，根据a small fishing village可知，这里指的是事物，应用what引导，表示“什么”。故填what。 4．Through his fascination with people were wearing, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：通过他对人们穿着的迷恋，他为每个人打开了时尚的大门。分析句子结构可知，这个句子是一个宾语从句，空格处在从句中充当wear的宾语，意义为“……的事物”，再结合句意可知，what符合题意。故答案填what。 5．Her confusion is she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她的困惑是应该坚持自己的生活方式还是遵循美国的生活方式。空处引导表语从句，结合句意及or可知，此处使用whether引导从句，表示“是否”，故填whether。 6．My question is I can finish it in one hour. 【答案】how/whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我的问题是我怎样才能在一小时内完成它。/我的问题是我能否在一小时内完成它。is为be动词，空处引导表语从句，从句主要成分完整，结合句意，问题可以是“如何完成”也可以是“是否能够完成”，用how/whether引导从句。故填how/whether。 7． I want are some books. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我想要的是一些书。观察句子可知，are前面为句子的主语，为主语从句，其中I want后缺少宾语，用连接代词what引导从句，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 8．I bet you’d love to know daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the earth. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的日常生活有何不同。空处引导宾语从句，从句中介词like缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指事物。故填what。 9． was so impressive about Jasmine’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：Jasmine的胜利给人留下深刻印象的是，她在马拉松比赛中赤脚获得了第一名。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事情，连接代词为what，置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 10．It is widely acknowledged Professor Hawking was one of the greatest physicists in the world. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型和主语从句。句意：人们普遍认为霍金教授是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。It is (widely) acknowledged that...是固定句型，意为“人们(普遍)认为……”，其中it作形式主语，连词that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，无实义。故填that。 11．It is difficult to forecast threats our heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：很难预测我们的遗产将来会面临什么样的威胁，但我们相信，在遗产保护方面，我们需要这种合作。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作forecast的宾语，在宾语从句中空处修饰threats，且无限定的范围，应用连接代词what作定语，指“面临什么样的威胁”。故填what。 12． life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：其他星球上是否存在生命还有待证实，但这些迹象很有希望。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，但是句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处应表示“是否”为whether，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 13．I doubt Tom has taken my watch. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我怀疑汤姆是否拿了我的手表。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作doubt的宾语，宾语从句的成分完整，结合“doubt”可知，空处需表达“是否”，应用连接词whether或if作引导词。故填whether/if。 14．The amazing thing about the spring is the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring! 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：春天的神奇之处在于，温度越低，春天就越热！分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。 15．Interestingly, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his Lanting Xu about literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups left floating and moving along the winding river. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有趣的是，东晋的书法家王羲之在他的《兰亭序》中写道，文人们一边喝着漂浮在蜿蜒河面上的杯中酒，一边写诗。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作about的宾语，结合“literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 16．It is very simple and that may be it spreads so quickly. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这非常简单，这可能就是它传播如此之快的原因。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作表语，结合“It is very simple”可知，从句中缺少原因状语，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 17．Some people are wondering virtual figures will replace real humans. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一些人想知道虚拟人物是否会取代真人。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作wondering的宾语，宾语从句的成分完整，结合“wondering”可知，空处表达的是“是否”，应用连接词whether或if作引导词。故填whether/if。 18．But continued population losses have raised questions about rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：但持续的人口流失引发了人们对农村地区能否扭转这一趋势的质疑。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词about的宾语，宾语从句的成分完整，结合“continued population losses”和“rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide”可知，空处需表达“是否，能否”，且因为是作介词的宾语，应用连接词whether作引导词，不可用if。故填whether。 19．Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing people learn in many places. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：大规模在线开放课程，简称“慕课”，正在许多地方改变人们的学习方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作changing的宾语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 20．It is uncertain side effects the new medicine will bring about. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这种新药会有什么副作用还不确定。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处引导一个主语从句作真正的主语，此处表示“什么样的副作用”，应用what引导。故填what。 21．Confucius died in 479 BC, and his humble house in is today the city of Qufu, Shandong province, was turned into a memorial the following year. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：孔子死于公元前479年，他在今天的山东省曲阜市的简陋的房子在第二年被改成了纪念馆。该空引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，意为“……的地方”，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 22．After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：建造完成后，在夏季将至少有两次海试来测试这艘船，并检查房间和娱乐设施是否舒适。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作check的宾语，宾语从句的成分完整，结合“test the ship”可知，空处表达“是否”，应用连接词whether或if作引导词。故填whether/if。 23．“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：丁说：“在实践中探索和了解社会，影响身边的人。这就是这个项目的意义所在。”分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，结合“the meaning of the project lies”可知，从句缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where作引导词。故填where。 24．We are so casual and careless about we use things around us to make us fun, but it is important for our happiness and health. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们对如何利用周围的事物给自己带来乐趣如此漫不经心，但这对我们的幸福和健康很重要。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作about的宾语，结合“we use things around us to make us fun”可推知，此处指“如何利用周围的事物给自己带来乐趣”，从句缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 25．This is proof dreams dream big and dreams do come true. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：这证明了梦想远大，梦想成真。设空处引导同位语从句，在从句中不作语法成分，无词汇意义，此从句用连接词that引导。故填that。 26．I don’t know the report is true or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道这个报道是真是假。分析句子可知，此处为从属连词whether表示“是否”引导的宾语从句，满足句意要求。故填whether。 27．There seems to be little doubt man has had an impact on the Earth’s climate. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问人类对地球上的气候造成了影响。空格处引导同位语从句解释抽象名词doubt的具体内容，从句在语义和成分上均是完整的，则使用that引导同位语从句，故填that。 28．In the novel, this is Jia Baoyu and his female cousins lived. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在小说中，这是贾宝玉和他的表兄弟们居住的地方。根据后文Jia Baoyu and his female cousins lived可知，此处应用连接副词where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 29．Whether the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is I’m especially worried about. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我特别担心的是去上海的航班是否会延误。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 30．The reason why he was late was his car broke down on the way. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他的车在路上坏了。分析可知，系动词was后为表语从句，从句中意义完整，应用连接词that引导。故填that。 二、完成句子 31．He wrote a letter (在信中他解释了发生的事情) in the accident. 【答案】in which he explained what had happened 【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的事情。分析句子可知，空处应引导定语从句，修饰先行词letter，先行词在从句中作介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which，从句中主语“他”he，谓语“解释”explain，由wrote可知，定语从句中应用一般过去时，explain应用过去式，“发生的事”用what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中做主语，谓语“发生”happen这个动作发生在explained之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填in which he explained what had happened。 32．I have no idea (他们在计划什么). 【答案】what they are planning 【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，连词，短语和时态。表示“他们”应用代词they；表示“计划”应用动词plan；表示“什么”应用连词what，引导同位语从句，对名词idea解释说明；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在正在进行的动作，谓语用现在进行时。故答案为what they are planning。 33．The city is no longer (它两年前的样子). 【答案】what it was two years ago 【详解】考查表语从句和时态。句意：这个城市不再是两年前的样子了。分析句子结构可知，设空处作表语，“它两年前的样子”可表达为名词性从句作表语；“两年前”表达为two years ago，在从句中作时间状语，“它”为代词it，在从句中作主语，指代The city，根据“两年前”可知此从句用一般过去时，“它两年前的样子”表达为名词性从句what it was two years ago，连接代词what在从句中作表语，表示“……的样子”。故填what it was two years ago。 34．what引导宾语从句 In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along (后来闻名遐迩的丝绸之路). 【答案】what became known as the Silk Road 【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和名词短语。句意：在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿着后来闻名遐迩的丝绸之路经由陆路到达印度、中东和罗马。“后来闻名遐迩的丝绸之路”可理解为“后来被称为丝绸之路”，“后来被称为”可用固定短语become known as，根据时间状语In ancient times可知，句子使用一般过去时，become需用过去式形式became，介词as后接宾语“丝绸之路”，应用名词短语the Silk Road，空处作介词along的宾语，且连接词在从句中作主语，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what became known as the Silk Road。 35．I’m just (但愿) somebody in Congress will do something before it’s too late. 【答案】praying that 【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。句意：我只但愿国会中有人在还来得及的时候做点什么。根据提示的汉语，表示“但愿”应为pray，后接宾语从句，用that连接，pray与句子主语I之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，与am构成句子的谓语。故填praying that。 36． (据估计) more than 50% of young consumers will choose to shop online. 【答案】It is calculated that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：据估计，超过50%的年轻消费者会选择网上购物。It is calculated that...意为“据估计……”，其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填It is calculated that。 37．Hurry up! It looks (火车好像要开了). 【答案】as if/though the train is going to move 【详解】考查时态和从句。句意：快点！看起来火车好像要开了。根据汉语提示并分析句子可知，looks是系动词，用as if/though“似乎；好像”引导表语从句，由Hurry up可推断，表示即按照计划将要发生的事情用be going to结构，主语the train“火车”，move“移动”，表示是单数。故填as if /though the train is going to move。 38．Personally speaking, (我最喜欢澳大利亚的是) the people themselves. 【答案】what I like most about Australia is 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：就我个人而言，我最喜欢澳大利亚的是那里的人。根据句意，该句描述的为现在的客观事实，所以该句使用一般现在时，结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应为主语从句作主语，表示“我最喜欢的”应为I like most，表示“关于澳大利亚”应为about Australia，分析从句可知，从句中缺少like的宾语，结合句意，此处指的是事情，所以此处使用连接代词what，表示“是”应为be动词，作主句的谓语动词，主语从句作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式，所以be动词应为is。故填what I like most about Australia is。 39．So long as you try your best, (赢不赢没有关系). 【答案】it doesn’t matter whether you win or not 【详解】考查it作形式主语和主语从句。句意：只要你尽力了，你赢不赢并不重要。根据汉语提示，这里应用whether引导主语从句，whether...or not意为“是……还是……”。matter意为“事关紧要，要紧”，为不及物动词。当主语从句较长时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语从句放到后面，所以这里可用it作形式主语。根据从句中的try和句意，这里陈述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填it doesn’t matter whether you win or not。 40． (真正让她担心) was how unhappy the child was. 【答案】What really concerned her 【详解】考查主语从句及动词，代词，副词和时态。表示“真正”应用副词really；表示“她”应用代词宾格her；表示“让……担心”应用动词concern；分析句子结构和意思可知，表示“真正让她担心”在句子中作主语，应用主语从句的结构，从句中缺少主语，指物，用连词what引导；这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故答案为What really concerned her。 41． (我首先想弄清楚的) was how long it was going to take. 【答案】What I wanted to find out first 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我首先想弄清楚的是这次旅行将要花多长时间。根据句意，空处应为主语从句，“我首先想弄清楚”译为I wanted to find out first，作宾语，用what引导该主语从句，且作主语，故填What I wanted to find out first。 42．that引导同位语从句 To sum up, one cannot deny the fact (留学有其弊端)． 【答案】that studying abroad has its disadvantages 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：总之，一个人不能否认留学有弊端的事实。根据提示可知，空处需用that引导的同位语从句解释“the fact”的内容，“留学”表示为studying abroad作从句主语，“有”用动词have表示，描述客观事实用一般现在时，所以，此处应该用第三人称单数形式has；“其弊端”用名词its disadvantages表示，指多个弊端，用名词复数。故填that studying abroad has its disadvantages。 43．Stephen （坚信）he had seen the beginning of true greatness. 【答案】 was convinced that 【详解】考查时态和从句。句意：斯蒂芬坚信他已经看到了真正的伟大的开始。根据句意和汉语提示，应填be convinced that，由从句中的had seen可知用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连词that引导宾语从句，故填was convinced that。 44．What we say should (言行一致). 【答案】be consistent with what we do 【详解】考查动词和宾语从句。句意：我们应该言行一致。“与……一致”的英文为动词短语be consistent wit；“我们的行为”应可用宾语从句what we do，与主句相呼应，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填 be consistent with what we do。 45． (很明显) they are having fun on the seaside. 【答案】It’s obvious that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：很明显，他们在海边玩得很开心。“明显的”使用形容词obvious，此处用固定句型“It+be+obvious+从句”，其中It是形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语，主语结构、意义完整，应用that引导，主句用一般现在时，故be动词用is。故填It’s obvious that。 三、翻译 46．拉里（Larry）劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。 【答案】Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. 【详解】考查动词（短语）和宾语从句。句子应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时；主语为Larry，“劝说某人……”可用persuade sb. that...，“她”用代词her，that引导宾语从句；从句中主语“机器人”用名词the robot，“不会”用wouldn’t，“伤害她”可用动词短语harm her，“让她受到伤害”可用动词短语allow her to be harmed，用or连接。故可译为：Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. 47．随着越来越多的国家投入到濒危物种的保护中，我们相信那些物种会幸免于难的。(spare) 【答案】As more and more countries spare their efforts to the protection of endangered species, we believe that those species will survive. 【详解】考查状语从句、宾语从句和时态。根据句意可知，本句为as引导的时间状语从句，表示“随着……”，句子为一般现在时。越来越多的国家为“more and more countries”；投入到濒危物种的保护中为“spare their efforts to the protection of endangered species”，我们为“we”，相信为“believe”后接that引导的宾语从句，从句为一般将来时，那些物种会幸免于难的为“those species will survive”。故翻译为：As more and more countries spare their efforts to the protection of endangered species, we believe that those species will survive. 48．正是高中的学习经历使我相信，不论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将得到回报。（It...；convince) 【答案】It was the learning experience in high school that convinced me that no matter how hard the process was, our efforts would eventually pay off. 【详解】考查强调句和宾语从句以及时态。根据句意可知，“正是高中的学习经历使我相信”为强调句式：it be +被强调部分+that+其他部分。句子陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“高中的学习经历”为learning experience in high school, 作主语，为被强调部分；“使……相信”为动词convince, “使我相信……”表达为convince me that...，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句“不论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将得到回报”表达为含有no matter how引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句；“艰难”为形容词hard，“过程”为名词process，“不论过程多么艰难”状语从句的结构为： no matter how+形容词+主语+谓语，时态为一般过去时。“我们的努力”为名词短语our efforts，“得到回报”为动词短语pay off，“我们的努力终将得到回报”用过去将来时，表达为our efforts would eventually pay off。故翻译为：It was the learning experience in high school that convinced me that no matter how hard the process was, our efforts would eventually pay off. 49．一听到他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来的消息，他忍不住大哭起来。（burst） 【答案】Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake, he couldn’t help but burst into tears. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和同位语从句。句子包含主语“他”的两个主要行为：“忍不住大哭”和“听到消息”，前者是讲述重点，故应构成句子主干。根据汉语提示可知，“他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来”是“消息”的内容，故此处可用同位语从句来表示；又因为“幸存”发生在“大哭”这一动作的过去，蕴含着“已经幸存下来”的意味，故从句时态可用过去完成时；由于他在听到消息后立刻大哭，可以用非谓语动词固定结构“Upon doing…”来表达“一……就”，故句子前半句可译为“Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake”。主句中“忍不住做……”用固定短语“can’t help but do…”来表示，此句可能是在描述过去的一个场景，故可用过去式“couldn’t help but do…”；根据提示词burst可知，“大哭”用短语“burst into tears”来表示，故主句可译为“he couldn’t help but burst into tears”。故翻译为Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake, he couldn’t help but burst into tears. 50．那些对当地风貌期望过高的游客大老远来到山区，却发现曾经延伸到地平线的森林全都消失不见了。（expect） 【答案】Tourists who expected too much from the local scene came all the way to the mountains, only to find that the forests that once stretched to the horizon had disappeared. 【详解】考查时态、动词不定式和定语从句。表示“游客”应用tourists，表示“对当地风貌期望过高”应用expect too much from the local scene，在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为tourists，所以应用关系代词who。从句中描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“大老远来到山区”应用come all the way to the mountains，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“却发现”应用only to find，此处用动词不定式only to do表示意料之外的结果。宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且不缺少意义，所以应用从属连词that。表示“森林”应用forest，“曾经延伸到地平线的”处理为修饰forest的定语从句，在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为forest，所以应用关系代词that，表示“延伸到地平线”应用stretch to the horizon，定语从句中描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“消失”应用动词disappear，此处强调动作发生在过去之前，所以应用过去完成时。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为Tourists who expected too much from the local scene came all the way to the mountains, only to find that the forests that once stretched to the horizon had disappeared. 51．在过去的一年里，坚定的韧性帮助我们度过了暴风雨时期的起起落落。(ups and downs) 【答案】Over the past year, the keen resilience has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time. 【详解】考查动词和名词和宾语从句。表示“在过去的一年里”应用over the past year，在本句中作状语，为现在完成时的标志；表示“坚定的韧性”应用the keen resilience，在本句中作主语；表示“帮助我们度过起起落落”应用has helped guide us over the ups and downs ，其中ups and downs表“起落”，为固定搭配；表示“暴风雨时期的”应用of what was certainly a stormy time，其中what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，指事物，从句描述过去的情况，用一般过去时。故翻译为Over the past year, the keen resilience has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time. 52．无论发生什么事情，我们都会承担最终责任。 【答案】We will accept ultimate responsibility for whatever happens/may happen. 【详解】考查宾语从句、形容词和名词。根据句意，分析句意可知，该句表述的是“无论发生什么事，我们都会为之承担最终责任”，表示“为……承担责任”应为accept responsibility for，表示“我们”应为we作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，结合句意，该句描述的是将要发生的事情，所以此处使用一般将来时，表示“承担”应为accept，所以谓语动词为will accept，表示“最终的”应为ultimate作定语修饰responsibility，表示“无论发生什么事情”描述的为客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，且该句中“whatever”作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数，所以应译为whatever happens或者使用情态动词表示“可能发生”作谓语，即whatever may happen作介词for的宾语。故翻译为We will accept ultimate responsibility for whatever happens/may happen. 53．尤皮克人（the Yupik people）认为，教育是他们一开始就为孩子们做的，而学校教育是外界强加给他们的。（while） 【答案】The Yupik people believe that education is what they do for their children from the start, while schooling is something imposed on them from the outside. 【详解】考查时态、名词性从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句、宾语从句的复合句。“教育是他们一开始就为孩子们做的，而学校教育是外界强加给他们的”为宾语从句，因从句结构完整且句意完整，使用连接代词that连接宾语从句。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，主句、从句谓语动词均使用一般现在时；“他们一开始就为孩子们做的”为表语从句，因从句缺少宾语表示内容，使用连接代词what连接从句，翻译为：what they do for their children from the start；“而学校教育是外界强加给他们的”为并列句，使用while连接，翻译为：while schooling is something imposed on them from the outside；表示“尤皮克人”含义的表达为：the Yupik people；表示“认为”含义的表达为：believe，因主语the Yupik people在本句中为复数，使用动词原形；表示“教育”含义的表达为：education，故翻译为：The Yupik people believe that education is what they do for their children from the start, while schooling is something imposed on them from the outside。 54．出于对工作场所安全的担忧，工人们要求公司改善工作条件。（demand） 【答案】Due to concerns about workplace safety, workers demanded that the company improve working conditions. 【详解】考查固定短语时态、宾语从句和虚拟语气。表示“出于”应用due to；表示“对工作场所安全的担忧”为concerns about workplace safety；主语为复数名词workers；表示“要求……”应用demand that...；that引导的宾语从句要用(should)do的虚拟语气，should可以省略；表示“公司”应用名词the company；表示“改善工作条件”为improve working conditions，句子用一般过去时，demand用过去式demanded， 故翻译为Due to concerns about workplace safety, workers demanded that the company improve working conditions. 55．有些人认为，给那些需要对自身处境“负责”的人捐款是不符合道德原则的。(who) 【答案】Some people think it is unethical to donate money to people who are “responsible” for their situations. 【详解】考查宾语从句、定语从句、形式主语、不定式和时态。根据中文可知，本句用一般现在时。表示“认为”用think，主语some people“有些人”为复数，谓语动词think用原形，后面接that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略；表示“……是不符合道德原则的”用it is unethical to do，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式；表示“捐钱给……的人”用donate money to people，关系代词who引导定语从句修饰people，表示“对……负责”用be responsible for，表示“(他们的)自身处境”用their situations。故翻译为Some people think it is unethical to donate money to people who are “responsible” for their situations. 56．他将自己受到的良好的教育归功于他的导师。(owe it to sb. that, tutor) 【答案】He owed it to his tutor that he received a good education. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、宾语从句、名词。表示“他”用he，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“将某事归功于某人”用owe it to sb. that，其中it为形式主语，that引导宾语从句，to为介词，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式owed。表示“他的导师”用his tutor，作to的宾语。从句中：he作主语；表示“受到，接受”用receive，用过去式received作谓语；表示“良好的教育”用a good education，作 received的宾语；从句不缺少含义或成分，用that引导。故翻译为He owed it to his tutor that he received a good education. 57．植物非常重要。这是因为植物在维持生态平衡方面扮演着重要的角色。(ecology) 【答案】Plants are very important. This is because plants play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecology. 【详解】考查时态，从句和名词。表示“植物”，泛指，应用名词复数Plants作主语；表示“是”应用系动词 be，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，应用are；表示“非常重要”应用形容词very important作表语，故“植物非常重要”译为Plants are very important. ；表示“这”，指代上文提到的事情，用代词this，作主语；表示“是”应用系动词be，主语this为单数概念，应用is；表示“因为植物在维持生态平衡方面扮演着重要的角色”是because引导的表语从句，其中because为连词，plants在从句中作主语；表示“扮演着重要的角色”为固定短语play an important role in；表示“在维持生态平衡方面”应用动名词短语maintaining the balance of ecology作介词in的宾语。故翻译为Plants are very important. This is because plants play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecology. 58．他们认为塑料既方便又便宜，而替代品可能会昂贵或不易获得。（汉译英） 【答案】They believed that plastic is convenient and cheap, and alternatives may be costly or less accessible. 【详解】考查时态和从句。分析可知，本句处理为主从复合句；“他们认为”处理为主句，主语是they，谓语“相信”表达为believe，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；“塑料既方便又便宜，而替代品可能会昂贵或不易获得”处理为宾语从句，作believed的宾语，从句为and连接的并列句，“便宜的”表达为cheap，“方便的”表达为convenient，因此第一分句“塑料既方便又便宜”表达为plastic is convenient and cheap，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；“替代品”表达为alternatives，可数名词复数表泛指，“昂贵的”表达为costly，“可获得的”表达为accessible，因此第二分句“替代品可能会昂贵或不易获得”表达为alternatives may be costly or less accessible。从句成份和意义都完整，用连接词that引导。故翻译为They believed that plastic is convenient and cheap, and alternatives may be costly or less accessible. 59．得知中国画展览需要一名志愿者，我不想错过这个机会。(分词短语作状语) 【答案】Learning that a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition is needed, I don’t want to pass up the opportunity. 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态、现在分词作状语、宾语从句。“得知”为“learn”，句子主语“我”为“I”，它们之间为主动关系，则使用现在分词短语作状语，后接that引导的宾语从句“中国画展览需要一名志愿者”，“中国画展览”为“the Chinese painting exhibition”，“需要”为“needed”，“一名志愿者”为“a volunteer”，则“中国画展览需要一名志愿者”可以用一般现在时的被动语态表达为“a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition is needed”，则“得知中国画展览需要一名志愿者”可以翻译为“learning that a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition is needed”；“不想”为“don’t want to”，“错过”为“pass up”，“这个机会”为“the opportunity”，则“我不想错过这个机会”翻译为“ I don’t want to pass up the opportunity.”。故翻译为Learning that a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition is needed, I don’t want to pass up the opportunity. 60．经历那些看似不可能做的事，去取得我们从未相信自己能取得的成就。 【答案】Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believed we could. 【详解】考查祈使句和从句。分析可知，本句为两个并列的祈使句；“经历”为go through，用其原形开头，宾语“那些事情”表达为those things，“看似不可能做的”处理为修饰things的定语从句，代替先行词things在从句中作主语，用关系代词that作引导词，“看起来”用seem表达，作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用原形，“不可能的”用impossible表达，作表语；“取得”表达为achieve，“我们从未相信自己能取得的成就”可表达为what we never believed we could，what引导宾语从句作achieve的宾语，“we never believed we could”为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰what。综上，故翻译为Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believed we could. 过去分词 过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语时，位于系动词be、get、become、look、feel、secm 等之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 She looked disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很受鼓舞。 2．过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken.（系表结构） 杯子破了。 The cup was broken by Tom.（被动语态） 杯子是被汤姆打破的。 3．过去分词作表语时，表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常意为“感到······的”；而动词ing形式作表语时，表示事物所具有的特性，常意为“令人······的”。 They were so worried that they stayed awake all night. 他们如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation was so worrying that something should be done at once. 形势如此令人担忧，以至于应该立刻采取措施。 过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作时间状语时，相当于由when、while、after、once等引导的时间状语从句。 Asked about his address (= When he was asked about his addresses), the little boy didn't respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词作原因状语时，相当于由as、since、because等引导的原因状语从句。 Absorbed in painting (= Because John was absorbed in painting), John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于在专心画画，约翰并没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3．过去分词作条件状语时，相当于由if、unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour (=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。 4．过去分词作让步状语时，相当于由though、although、even if／though等引导的让步状语从句。 Beaten by the opposite team (=Though we were beaten by the opposite team),we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然我们被对方的队打败了，但是我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。 5．过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成并列句。 The old man got on the bus,supported by a girl (=and he was supported by a girl). 在一个女孩的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。 6．过去分词作状语时，过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式作状语时，动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 Asked why he was late, he cried.当被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there. 朝窗外望去，我看见几名学生在那边玩耍。 7．过去分词作状语的注意事项： （1）过去分词作状语时，其前可以带有相应的连词，如 when、though、although、as if、as though、if、unless、until、once等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等。 If (I am) invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。 （2）过去分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。 Caught,the thief will be punished by the police. 小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。（caught的逻辑主语为the thief） （3）有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有 satisfied、surprised、interested、moved、worried、pleased、disap-pointed等。 Disappointed at the examination results,the girl stood there without saying a word.由于对考试结果很失望，这个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。 动词-ing形式与过去分词作状语的区别 动词-ing形式与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主谓与动宾关系。 1．动词-ing形式作状语时，动词-ing形式的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果动词-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walking along the street, I met a friend ot mine. 沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work, they went home to have a rest. 完成工作后，他们回家休息了。 2．过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 语法训练 一、语法填空 1． by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. (frighten) 【答案】Frightened 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个女孩被夜里的噪音吓坏了，不敢在房间里睡觉。此空为非谓语动词作状语，frighten与逻辑主语the girl之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式frightened，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Frightened。 2． (expose) to all kinds of electronic games, the boy lost interest in his study. 【答案】Exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接触了各种各样的电子游戏后，这个男孩对学习失去了兴趣。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，因与其逻辑主语the boy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语，故填Exposed。 3． (compare) with my opponent, I deserved more recognition for my hard work. 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与我的对手相比，我理应因我的努力而获得更多的认可。本句谓语为deserved，此处为非谓语动词，且I与compare“比较”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。 4．Seriously (injure), she had to be sent to hospital at once. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她受了重伤，不得不立即送往医院。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，injure和she逻辑上是被动关系，应用injure的过去分词形式，作原因状语。故填injured。 5．If (expose) to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果每天接触很大声音的音乐，年轻人可能会有失聪的危险。此处用了if引导条件状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，expose和被省略的主语young people之间是被动关系，因此应用expose的过去分词形式。故填exposed。 6．The article (refer) to on this subject was written by Mr. Black. 【答案】referred 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：涉及这个题目的文章是布莱克先生写的。句子已有谓语，空处作article的后置定语，是非谓语动词，refer to和article逻辑上是被动关系，应用refer的过去分词形式。故填referred。 7． (surround) by the clear waters, this forest can provide visitors with a wonderful chance to see endangered birds in the wild. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这片森林被清澈的海水包围，为游客提供了一个观看野生濒危鸟类的绝佳机会。本句谓语为can provide，此处为非谓语动词，且this forest与surround“包围”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Surrounded。 8．They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. 【答案】associated 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们将开会讨论与音乐有关的事情。固定短语“associate something with music”意为“把某些事情与音乐联系起来”，something和associate之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填associated。 9． (absorb) in the experiment, the professor didn’t realize it was already past midnight. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于实验，教授没有意识到已经过了午夜。本句谓语为didn’t realize，此处为非谓语动词，且the professor与absorb“吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。absorbed in“专心于”是固定搭配。故填Absorbed。 10．I hiked across other places (empty) of their wildlife by human beings. 【答案】emptied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我徒步穿越了野生动物被人类洗劫一空的其它地方。分析句子可知，空处作定语，修饰places，二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填emptied。 11．He had useless things (remove) to make enough room. 【答案】removed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了腾出足够的空间，他把无用的东西搬走了。remove和宾语useless things之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，表被动，have sth done“使某事被做”，故填removed。 12．With the gift brightly (wrap), she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party. 【答案】wrapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：礼物包装得光彩夺目，她在生日派对上将它递给了她最好的朋友。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语the gift之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填wrapped。 13．Bruce had to ask to be on sick leave for he had his leg (break) while playing basketball. 【答案】broken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：布鲁斯不得不请病假，因为他在打篮球时摔断了腿。结合句意可知，此处为have  sth. done“让某事被做”，和宾语leg是被动关系，作宾补。故填broken。 14．In addition, we have three indoor activity rooms (locate) in the east of our campus. 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我们有三个室内活动室位于我们的校园东部。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰rooms；rooms和locate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填located。 15．There are (vary) approaches to the center，where experts will try to make twins (distinguish). 【答案】 various distinguished 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该中心有各种各样的方法，专家们将努力区分双胞胎。此处修饰名词应用形容词various表示“各种各样的”作定语。make...distinguished意为“区分……”，此处用过去分词distinguished作宾语补足语。动词distinguish意为“区分”。故填①various；②distinguished。 16．What surprised me most was to see many senior citizens (seat) in the hall and (wait) to listen to the lecture on health care. 【答案】 seated waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最让我吃惊的是看到许多老年人坐在大厅里，等着听关于医疗保健的讲座。分析句子结构，第一个空白处在句子中做宾补，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语many senior citizens之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词；第二个空白处在句子中做宾补，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语many senior citizens之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填seated；waiting。 17． (inspire) by bats, researchers have developed an algorithm (算法) that uses the same trick. It measures the time it takes for sound to travel around a space and return to a sensor (传感器), then uses this information to build a picture of its surroundings. 【答案】Inspired 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：受蝙蝠的启发，研究人员开发了一种使用相同技巧的算法。它测量声音在空间中传播并返回传感器所需的时间，然后利用这些信息构建周围环境的图像。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，inspire与逻辑主语researchers之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式inspired，因位于句首，所以首字母需大写。故填Inspired。 18．It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries (hold) in her sharp mouth. 【答案】held 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到她走近的那一刻，我才看到树莓含在她尖利的嘴里。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语补足语，动词hold与宾语raspberries构成逻辑上的被动关系，用hold的过去分词形式。故填held。 19． (trick)into giving up a large quantity of money，he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine. 【答案】Tricked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被骗放弃了一大笔钱，他绝望了，借酒消愁。分析句子可知，trick与逻辑主语he是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Tricked。 20．A week later, the team gathered at the lot, carrying tools (purchase) with their earnings. 【答案】purchased 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：一周后，这支队伍带着用赚来的钱买的工具聚集在空地上。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，purchase与所修饰词tools之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填purchased。 二、完成句子 21．The new text (由……组成) three parts is hard to recite. 【答案】composed of/comprised of/consisting of 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：这篇由三部分组成的文章很难背诵。“由……组成”可表达为be composed of/be comprised of，此处省略be用过去分词作后置定语；“由……组成”也可用consist of表达，该短语无被动，用现在分词作后置定语。故填composed of/comprised of/consisting of。 22．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school (路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生). 【答案】down a dusty track covered in weeds 【详解】考查介词、形容词、名词和非谓语动词。句意：沿着尘土飞扬、杂草丛生的小路，我只花了几分钟就走到了学校。根据汉语提示，这里表示“我”沿着尘土飞扬、杂草丛生的小路走到学校，应用down(沿着)引出介词短语。“尘土飞扬”可表示为dusty，修饰“路”（track），作前置定语；“杂草”可表示为weed，“杂草丛生”修饰“路”，可用covered in weeds表示，为过去分词短语作后置定语。故填down a dusty track covered in weeds。 23．It is a great privilege for me to tell you some information (与当地生活有关的). 【答案】relevant to the local life/connected with the local life/associated with the local life 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我很荣幸能告诉你一些与当地生活有关的信息。“与……有关”为“relevant to”或“connect...with...”或“associate...with...”，“当地生活”为“ the local life”； information与connect/associate之间为被动关系，因此connect/associate使用过去分词，“与当地生活有关的”作后置定语修饰 information，故填relevant to the local life或connected with the local life或associated with the local life。 24．The position (申请) by many applicants actually requires at least 5 year’s working experience. 【答案】applied for 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被许多申请者申请的这个职位实际上需要至少5年的工作经验。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“requires”，故空处需填非谓语动词，apply for sth表示“申请某物”，“The position”和“apply”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填applied for。 25．The old man entered the hall, (被一群孩子跟着). 【答案】followed by a group of children 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：老人走进大厅，后面跟着一群孩子。句中谓语是entered，空格处用非谓语动词，作伴随状语，“被……跟着”是followed by，是过去分词表被动，“一群”是固定短语a group of，“孩子”是名词children。故填followed by a group of children。 26． (陷入沉思) , he didn’t notice the door open. 【答案】Lost in thought 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：陷入沉思，他没有注意到门开着。本句的谓语动词为notice，设空处为非谓语动词，“陷入沉思”表达为lose...in thought，lose与逻辑主语he为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语；设空处在句首，首个单词的首字母应大写。故填Lost in thought。 27． （我确实找人修理了电脑）last week, but it doesn't work now. 【答案】I did get/have the computer repaired 【详解】考查非谓语动词和强调。句意：上周我确实找人修理了电脑，但现在它不工作了。句中宾语the computer 与repair之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。句中用“助动词do/does/did + 动词原形”来强调谓语动词。根据句中时间状语last week可知用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填I did get/have the computer repaired。 28．It is one of the funniest things （在网上发现的） so far this year. 【答案】found on the Internet 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是迄今为止今年在网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。分析句子成分可知，空格处作定语，修饰things，表示“发现”用find，与逻辑主语things是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示“在网上”用on the Internet。故填found on the Internet。 29． (改编自) Jane Austin’s classic, the BBC production Pride and Prejudice is universally acknowledged as the best so far. 【答案】Adapted from 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国广播公司出品的《傲慢与偏见》改编自简·奥斯汀的经典小说，被公认为迄今为止最好的电影。根据汉语提示可知，此处填入动词词组adapt from。句子的谓语动词为is，所以此处为非谓语动词；非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，首字母需要大写。故填Adapted from。 30．After they (被困在) the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued. → , the miners were finally rescued.(过去分词短语作状语) 【答案】 had been trapped in Trapped in the mine for two days 【详解】考查动过去完成时被动语态和非谓语动词。句意：矿工们被困在矿井里两天后，终于获救了。分析句子，第一空中使用动词作谓语，根据后文的were以及句意，可知动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时。同时表示“被困于”用be trapped in，第一空使用had been trapped in；第二个句子中were rescued为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词作状语，此处miners与trap之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。表示“被困在矿井中两天了”用trapped in the mine for two days，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故答案为had been trapped in；Trapped in the mine for two days。 三、翻译 31．在钢琴演出前， Claire去了理发店剪了头发， 做了发型。（have…done) 【答案】Before the piano performance, Claire went to the barber’s to have her hair cut and styled. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。“在……前”可用介词before表示，其后跟名词作宾语；“钢琴演出”可表示为piano performance；“去理发店”可表示为go to the barber’s；“剪头发”和“做发型”可用have...done表示，过去分词作宾补，“剪”可表示为cut(过去分词为cut)，“做发型”可表示为style(过去分词为styled)，“头发”可表示为hair，再根据句意，Claire去理发店是为了剪头发和做发型，表示目的，所以这里应用不定式作目的状语。根据语境，这里表示过去发生的事情，句子应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：Before the piano performance, Claire went to the barber’s to have her hair cut and styled. 32．观众被美妙的钢琴曲吸引住了，钢琴家表演结束的时候，他们几乎忘了向他鼓掌。(applaud) 【答案】Attracted by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to applaud the pianist when he finally finished it. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、短语、时态和时间状语从句。表示“被美妙的钢琴曲吸引”应用过去分词短语attracted by the beauty of the piano music，z作状语，与主语the audience构成逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动；表示“几乎”应用副词almost；表示“忘了要做某事”短语为forget to do sth.；表示“向他鼓掌”翻译为applaud the pianist；后跟when引导时间状语从句，主语为he；表示“表演结束”翻译为finally finish it，为一般过去时。故翻译为Attracted by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to applaud the pianist when he finally finished it. 33．在这场由违法用火而引发的山火被扑灭后，人们意识到对公众进行防灾减灾教育的重要性。（conscious） 【答案】After the fire caused by illegal fire use was put out, people were conscious of the importance of educating the public on disaster prevention and mitigation. 【详解】考查一般过去时、被动语态和过去分词。表示“在……之后”应用连词after引导时间状语从句，表示“山火”应用名词fire，表示“引发”应用动词cause，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。表示“由违法用火”应用by illegal fire use。表示“扑灭”应用动词put out，和主语构成被动关系。表示“意识到”应用be conscious of，表示“……的重要性”应用the importance of，表示“对……进行……的教育”应用educate...on...，在介词of后应用动名词形式作宾语。表示“公众”应用the public。表示“防灾减灾”应用disaster prevention and mitigation。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为After the fire caused by illegal fire use was put out, people were conscious of the importance of educating the public on disaster prevention and mitigation.。 34．如今，人工智能生成的报告非常受欢迎，因为这些报告能提供精准且深入的数据分析。(demand) 【答案】Nowadays, the reports produced by artificial intelligence are highly in demand/in high demand because they can provide accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis of the data. 【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。表示“如今”应用副词nowadays；表示“报告”应用名词the reports；表示“人工智能生成的”为过去分词短语produced by artificial intelligence，作定语，与reports构成被动关系；表示“非常受欢迎”短语为be highly in demand/in high demand；表示“因为”应用because，引导原因状语从句；从句主语为they；表示“提供”应用动词provide，且can后跟动词原形；表示“精准且深入的数据分析”翻译为accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis of the data。为一般现在时。故翻译为Nowadays, the reports produced by artificial intelligence are highly in demand/in high demand because they can provide accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis of the data. 35．这种病毒会引起高烧，通常还伴有咳嗽与喉咙痛。(accompany) 【答案】This virus can cause a high fever, usually accompanied by coughing and a sore throat. 【详解】考查过去分词和短语。句子的描述的为一般的常见情况，使用一般现在时，主语“这种病毒”为“this virus”，“会引起”为“can cause”，“高烧”为“a high fever”，则“这种病毒会引起高烧”翻译为“This virus can cause a high fever.”；“通常”为“usually”，动词“陪伴”为“accompany”，“fever”与“accompany”为被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，则“由……陪伴”为“accompanied by”，by后接动名词作宾语，“咳嗽”为“cough”，“喉咙痛”为“a sore throat”，则“通常还伴有咳嗽与喉咙痛”翻译为“usually accompanied by coughing and a sore throat”。故翻译为This virus can cause a high fever, usually accompanied by coughing and a sore throat. 36．毫无疑问，在新鲜空气中做一些体育锻炼会让你精神焕发。（There is little doubt that ...; refresh） 【答案】There is little doubt that doing some physical exercise in fresh air will get you refreshed. 【详解】考查固定句型、非谓语动词和时态。固定句型“毫无疑问的是”为“There is little doubt that...”，用一般现在时；根据“在新鲜空气中做一些体育锻炼会让你精神焕发”的句意可知，应使用一般将来时，其中“做一些体育锻炼”为动名词短语作主语，翻译为“doing some physical exercise”，“在新鲜空气中”为“ in fresh air”，“让你精神焕发”为“get you refreshed”，则“在新鲜空气中做一些体育锻炼会让你精神焕发”翻译为“Doing some physical exercise in fresh air will get you refreshed.”，故“毫无疑问，在新鲜空气中做一些体育锻炼会让你精神焕发”翻译为：There is little doubt that doing some physical exercise in fresh air will get you refreshed. 37．在未来，随着所有的化石燃料消耗殆尽，我们不得不依赖可替代能源。（with+宾语+宾补，rely on） 【答案】In the future, with all the fossil fuels used up, we will have to rely on alternative energy. 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、动词短语和非谓语动词。句子在描述未来发生的事情，时态应用一般将来时，第一个状语“在未来”可用介词短语in the future，第二个状语“随着所有的化石燃料消耗殆尽”可用with的复合结构表示“随着……”，其中的宾语“所有的化石燃料”可用名词短语all the fossil fuels，宾语补足语“消耗殆尽”可用过去分词短语used up表被动意义，主语“我们”可用代词we，“(将)不得不”可用will+have to do，“依赖”可用动词短语rely on，“可替代能源”可用名词短语alternative energy。故可译为：In the future, with all the fossil fuels used up, we will have to rely on alternative energy. 38．打扮成圣诞老人的样子，他沿着城市的主干道出发了。（过去分词做状语） 【答案】Dressed up as Father Christmas, he set off down the main street of the city. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。表示“打扮成”用固定短语dressed up as，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“圣诞老人”用Father Christmas，作Dressed up as的宾语。表示“他”用he，作主语。表示“出发”用set off，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“沿着城市的主干道”用down the main street of the city。故翻译为Dressed up as Father Christmas, he set off down the main street of the city. 39．昨天一个包里只装备了一个热汉堡的人从加利福尼亚一座小城的一家银行里抢劫了1万美元。 【答案】Yesterday a man armed with just a hot hamburger in a bag robbed $10,000 from a bank in a small town in California. 【详解】考查动词时态，非谓语动词以及介词短语。表示“昨天”用yesterday，表述动作发生在过去，故句子使用一般过去时；表示“一个人”用a man；表示“一个包里只装备了一个热汉堡”用armed with just a hot hamburger in a bag，此处arm意为“配备，装备”，其与man之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语；表示“抢劫”用rob；表示“从加利福尼亚一座小城的一家银行里”用介词短语from a bank in a small town in California作状语。故翻译为Yesterday a man armed with just a hot hamburger in a bag robbed $10,000 from a bank in a small town in California. 40．或许给予些时间，这个消亡的语言会恢复生机。 【答案】Maybe given time, the dead language will come back to life. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。分析所给中文句子可知，“这个消亡的语言会恢复生机”为句子主体，“这个消亡的语言”作主语，译为“the dead language”，“会恢复生机”可用固定短语搭配：come back to life，描述将来的事，用一般将来时，“或许给予些时间”为状语，其中“给”用动词give，此处用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the dead language之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式，译为“maybe given time”。故译为：Maybe given time, the dead language will come back to life. 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$