衔接点08 动词时态1（一般现在时、现在进行时）（小初考点差异及衔接）-2024年小升初英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点08 动词时态1（一般现在时、现在进行时） 小学要求 一般现在时、现在进行时定义和用法 初中要求 一般现在时、现在进行时定义和用法及在不同从句中的用法及在不同语境中的灵活运用 【小学动词时态考点聚焦】 一般现在时 1. 写出下列单词的第三人称单数形式 1.go 2.get 3.finish 4.stop 5.try 6.watch 1.goes 2.gets 3.finishes 4.stops 5.tries 6. watches 2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) you (make) a model plane? Yes, I can. (2) He (watch) TV every day. (3) Let me (draw) a picture for you. (4) How your mother (go) to work every day? (5) They like (listen) to the music. (6) I (be) a boy of Grade Four. (1) Can/make (2) watches (3) draw (4) does/go (5) listening (6) am 3.改错：(找一找下列句子中错误的地方，并改正) (1) Peter and I am classmates. ( ) (2) My father have a nice car. ( ) (3) Does Miss Jones goes to work at 8 o'clock?( ) (4) What does you want to eat? Some biscuits. ( ) (5) The butterflies likes flowers.( ) (6) Mr White often play golf with his friends. ( ) (1) am——are (2) have——has (3) goes——go (4) does—— do (5) likes——like (6) play——plays 现在进行时 一．写出现在分词形式 1.go- 2.fly- 3.open- 4.wash- 5.ride- 6.write- 7.come- 8.sit- 9.shut- 10.swim- 1.going 2.flying 3.opening 4.washing 5.riding 6.writing 7.coming 8.sitting 9.shutting 10.swimming 二．用所给动词的现在进行时填空 (1)1 can see the boy. He (eat) an apple. (2) they (have) lunch at home now? (3)Why the girl (stand) at the door? (4)Don't ask her for help. She (cook). (5)Who (sit) at my desk? Peter is. (6)Look there, Mike (run) fast. Come on, Mike! (7)What the Lis (do)? (8)I can hear the bird. It (sing). (1) is eating (2) Are/having (3) is/standing (4) is cooking (5) is sitting (6) is running (7) are/doing (8) is singing 【初中动词时态考点聚焦】 考点清单 考点一　动词的时态 一、动词的五种基本形式 英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。如:work—works—working—worked—worked。 1.动词的五种基本形式变化表 形式 构成 例词 动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式,也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be,have do,learn 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s runs,likes 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—teaches wash—washes go—goes pass—passes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-es study—studies try—tries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s stay—stays play—plays 现在分词 一般在动词原形后加-ing read—reading 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—living write—writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dying lie—lying tie—tying 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 二、动词各种时态的用法 英语中各种时态的使用频率不同,下面分别介绍初中阶段要求掌握的六种时态。 一般现在时 1.定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 3.一般现在时的基本用法 ① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。如： We have three meals every day. He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. ② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。如： Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 ③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。如： She likes watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。 We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。 He is at table. 他在吃饭。 I am usually at home at this time of day. 白天这个时候我通常在家。 ④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。如： The train comes at 3 o’clock. The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning. ⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。如： I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。 If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 ⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如： There goes the bell. 响铃了。// Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 一．写出下列单词的单数第三人称形式。 catch catches go goes buy buys cost costs carry carries break breaks lie lies make makes miss misses rush rushes 二．按要求改写句子。 1.Mary does not have any books.(变为肯定句) Mary has some books. 2.He often has rice for dinner.(变为一般疑问句) Does he often have rice for dinner? 三．选择题 1．David's grandfather ________ his dog after supper every day.（2020朝阳一模） A．walks B．walked C．will walk D．has walked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：戴维的祖父每天晚饭后遛狗。 本题考查时态。walks是一般现在时，walked是一般过去时，will walk是一般将来时，has walked是现在完成时。根据every day可知，此处用一般现在时，故选A。 2．My father and I ________ the dog near the park every evening.（丰台一模） A．walk B．walked C．are walking D．will walk 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我父亲和我每天晚上都在公园附近遛狗。 考查动词时态。walk一般现在时；walked一般过去时；are walking现在进行时；will walk一般将来时。根据“every evening”可知此句时态是一般现在时。故选A。 3．Mr. Green has two dogs. He____________ them every morning.（2020密云一模） A．walked B．will walk C．walks D．is walking 【答案】C 【解析】句意：格林先生有两条狗。他每天早上都会遛它们。 考查一般现在时的用法。根据题干中“every morning”可知，动作经常有规律的发生，故用一般现在时，故选C。 4．Amy usually ________ sports on Sunday mornings.（2020大兴一模） A．is having B．has C．has had D．was having 【答案】B 【解析】句意：艾米通常在星期天早上运动。 考查时态。is having正在进行，现在进行时结构；has进行，动词三单；has had进行，现在完成时结构；was having正在进行，过去进行时结构；根据句意理解及句中的usually可知，这里应该用一般现在时，句子主语是Anny第三人称，所以动词要用三单形式，故选B。 5．Susan lives far from school. She usually ________ a bus to school.（2020通州一模） A．has taken B．took C．takes D．will take 【答案】C 【解析】句意：苏珊住得离学校很远。她通常乘坐公共汽车上学。 考查一般现在时。has taken现在完成时；took一般过去时；takes一般现在时；will take一般将来时。由“lives far from school”和“usually”可知是经常性的动作，用一般现在时，故选C。 四．填空题 1.When we eat or 　　　　　　(喝)sweet foods, the sugar enters our blood and influences our brain.  答案　drink　考查动词的时态。空前面有连词or,因此要和前面的eat时态一致,故用动词原形。 2.My friend helps me create a Facebook page. On it, we usually 　　　　　　(分享) our kind activities with our friends.  答案　share　考查动词的时态。share分享。由helps和usually可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语是we,故填share。 3.Mike often 　　　　　　(收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.  答案　collects　本题考查动词的时态。由and plays可知,此处为一般现在时,主语Mike为第三人称单数,故填collects。 4.And then it just 　　　　　　(grow) and makes the world a better place.  答案　grows　本题考查动词的时态。此处主语it为第三人称单数。由于and连接的前后两个动词为并列关系,根据makes可知时态为一般现在时,故填grows。 现在进行时 1.定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 2.构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 3.现在进行时的用法 ① 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be careful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。如： ---- What are you doing now? ---- I am looking for my key. Look. Some children are playing games over there. ② 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。如： I’m studying Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。 Are you teaching English in a school? 你在学校教英语吗？ He’s watching an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。 ③ 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。如： They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. He’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow. ④ 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。如： She’s always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏） You are always talking in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评） （4）不能用于进行时的动词 ① 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。如： I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。// This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 ② 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate等。如： I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。/ He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 ③ 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 ④ 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 一．现在进行时完成句子。 1.What are you doing (do)? 2.I am singing (sing) an English song. 3.What is he reading (read)? 4.He is fixing (fix)a car. 5. Are you flying (fly)a kite? Yes, I am . 6.he child 　　　　　　(cry)over there. What’s wrong with him?  答案　is crying　此题考查动词的时态。根据第二句句意“他怎么了?”可知,男孩应该正在那边哭,故填is crying。 二．选择题 1．—Jason, don't make so much noise. Anna _____________ for her math exam. — Sorry, Mum. I won't. A． studies B．studied C．has studied D．is studying 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——杰森，不要制造噪音。安娜正在为她的考试学习。——抱歉，妈妈。我不会了。 考查时态。studies，学习，第三人称单数；studied一般过去时；has studied现在完成时；is studying现在进行时。根据“don't make so much noise.”可知，你不要做这件事是因为另一个人正在做那件事，用现在进行时，故选D。 2．Look! The little girl _________to the music. How beautiful! A．dances B．will dance C．is dancing D．danced 【答案】C 【解析】句意：看！这个小女孩正和着音乐跳舞，多么美丽啊！ 考查现在进行时的用法。dances跳舞，一般现在时单三形式；will dance跳舞，一般将来时；is dancing跳舞，现在进行时；danced跳舞，一般过去式。题干中的看，说明小女孩正在跳舞，用现在进行时态。故选C。 3．Be quiet! Your grandpa ________. A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．has slept D．will sleep 【答案】B 【解析】句意：安静点! 你爷爷在睡觉。 考查时态。根据“Be quiet!”，可知后一句应指“你爷爷正在睡觉。”，所以应用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are+动词现在分词，故选B。 4．—Shall we go out for a walk, Betty? —Sorry, I ________ my clothes now. A． am washing B．washed C．have washed D．wash 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——贝蒂，我们出去散散步好吗？——对不起，我正在洗衣服。 考查时态。am washing正在洗，现在进行时结构；washed洗，过去式；have washed洗，现在完成时结构；wash洗，动词原形；根据句意理解可知，这里是两句对话，表达的是“正在洗”，是表达这个动作正在进行，所以应该用现在进行时，故选A。 一．选择题 1.—Linda, Dad has finished his work and we 　　　to the gym to pick you up.  —Thank you, Mum. A.drive　　　　 B.drove C.have driven　　 D.are driving 答案　D　本题考查动词的时态。由has finished及to the gym to pick you up推测是已完成工作去接你,本空应为现在进行时表将来的用法,故本题选择D。 2.—We 　　　very simply and do not spend much money on food.  —That’s why you’re called the Greens. A.eat　　 B.ate　　 C.will eat　　 D.had eaten 答案　A　本题考查动词时态。and连接并列成分,根据do not spend可以判断设空处也用一般现在时。故选A。 3.—May I use your dictionary? —Sorry, I　　　it now.  A.am using　　 B.use　　 C.used 答案　A　本题考查现在进行时。根据语境可知,我现在不能借给你的原因是我正在使用。故设空处应该用现在进行时,结构为am/is/are+doing,主语为I,应用am。故答案为A。 4.—What’s that terrible noise? —It’s John. He 　　　 the violin.  A.practiced　　 B.is practicing C.was practicing　　 D.has practiced 答案　B　本题考查时态。根据上句可知,此刻的噪音是John正在练习演奏小提琴发出的,故答案选B。 5.—Where is Mum? —In the living room. She 　　　a book at the moment.  A.was reading　　 B.will read C.is reading　　 D.has read 答案　C　本题考查动词时态。at the moment是现在进行时态的时间状语,现在进行时构成:is/am/are+动词-ing。故选C。 二．填空题 1.Mike often 　　　　　　(收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.  答案　collects　本题考查动词。由and plays可知,此空为一般现在时,主语Mike为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应变第三人称单数形式。 2.When a person v　　　 a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.  答案　visits　根据句意可知设空处用visit,而it is important表明此处应用一般现在时态,且设空处前的person是可数名词单数,故答案应为visits。 3.Mary is crazy about reading. She b　　　　　　 a lot of books from the school library every time.  答案　borrows　句意:Mary酷爱阅读。她每次都从学校图书馆借很多书。本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据from the school library可确定是“借书”;又由Mary is crazy about...及every time可知本句时态是一般现在时,且主语She是第三人称单数,故答案是borrows。 4.Suzhou Museum 　　　　　　(位于) to the north of the Lion Forest Garden.  答案　lies　“位于”用lie来表示,主语为Suzhou Museum,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填lies。 5.Jack is a good learner because he always 　　　　(connect) what he needs to learn with something interesting.  答案　connects　由is及needs可知本句为一般现在时,从句主语he为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。connect...with...意为“把……与……联系起来”。 6.The government and car makers are w　　　 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.  答案　working　work together齐心协力。由are可知用现在进行时,所以填working。 7.Look! The students 　　　(answer) the questions carefully.   答案　are answering　从Look!可知,此处描述正在发生的动作,故用现在进行时。 8.—Why are they so busy? —Because they 　　　　　　(raise) money for homeless people.  答案　are raising　句意:——为什么他们那么忙?——因为他们正为无家可归的人募捐。此处表示正在发生的事,应用现在进行时。 9.Now,I 　　　(sit) in front of Heather watching her write a letter.  答案　am sitting　句意:现在,我正坐在希瑟前面看她写信。根据Now可知应用现在进行时。 三．语法填空 一 Do you think people all over the world can drink and use clean water? Well, it’s not the truth. Let’s look at Nya’s story. Nya is ___1___ eleven-year-old girl and she lives in South Sudan. She walks to the pond near her village ___2___ (two) a day to get water for her family. It’s a long walk, so Nya doesn’t have time to go to school. Nya is worried ___3___ her sister Akeer. Akeer is sick from the poor water, ___4___ there is little Nya’s family can do about it. One day, two men come to Nya’s village. After ___5___ (talk) with the elders, they begin to work in the ground between two big tee. Getting water from a well (水井) in South Sudan is hard. So, when Nya learns they are going to dig a well, she thinks they are ___6___ (able) to do it. But after two months of hard work, water ___7___ (final) comes out from the well. People bring their bottles to taste the water. It is clear and fresh. Everyone is ___8___ (excite). I feel happy for Nya and ___9___ (she) village. From her story, I know it’s still difficult for some people to get clean water. The story opens my eyes and teaches me ____10____ (save) water as much as I can in my daily life. 【答案】1. an 2. twice 3. about 4. but 5. talking 6. not able##unable 7. finally 8. excited 9. her 10. to save 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了关于Nya所在的村子打井取水的故事。 1.句意：Nya是一个住在南苏丹的11岁女孩。此处泛指一个女孩，eleven首字母发元音音素，故填an。 2.句意：她每天两次走到村子附近的池塘为家人取水。根据“She walks to the pond near her village...a day”可知，此处描述频率，twice a day“一天两次”，故填twice。 3.句意：Nya很担心她的妹妹Akeer。根据“Nya is worried...her sister Akeer.”可知，此处是be worried about短语，意为“担心……”，故填about。 4.句意：Akeer因为喝了劣质水而生病了，但Nya的家人对此无能为力。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。 5.句意：在和长辈们交谈之后，他们开始在两棵大树之间的地里干活。介词after后用动名词作宾语，故填talking。 6.句意：当Nya知道他们要挖一口井时，她认为他们做不到。根据“When Nya learns they are going to dig a well(水井), she thinks they...do it.”和“But after two months of hard work...comes out from the well”可知，but表示转折，所以设空所在句是指她认为他们做不到，be able to的否定式为be not able/unable to，故填not able/unable。 7.句意：但是经过两个月的努力，井里终于出水了。此处在句中作状语，用副词形式，final的副词是finally，故填finally。 8.句意：每个人都很兴奋。此处在句中作表语，修饰人，用excite的形容词excited。故填excited。 9.句意：我为Nya和她的村庄感到高兴。此处作定语修饰“village”，用she对应的形容词性物主代词形式her，故填her。 10.句意：这个故事让我大开眼界，教会我在日常生活中尽量节约用水。teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”，固定短语。故填to save。 二 Charlie Chaplin was a famous English actor, filmmaker, and composer. No doubt, he was very ____1____ (success) in the world. But his life was full of ups and downs. He was born ____2____ the South of London in 1889. Unluckily, his father died ____3____ he was 12. He and his brother worked to help their sick mother from an early age. They had to do all the things by ____4____ (they). Although they led a hard life, Charlie grew interest in music and he didn’t give up. He kept practicing playing ____5____ violin for 4 to 6 hours every day. In 1910, he decided ____6____ (travel) to America. There, he spent most of his time ____7____ (work) on his acting. And finally, he made a big difference. His ____8____ (movie) are easy to understand and valuable. Everyone can ____9____ (enjoy) his films, because no words are used. His gestures speak _____10_____(direct) to audiences. 【答案】1. successful 2. in 3. when 4. themselves 5. the 6. to travel 7. working 8. movies 9. enjoy 10. directly 【解析】本文主要介绍了卓别林的生平。 1.句意：毫无疑问，他在世界上非常成功。作be动词的表语用形容词successful“成功的”。故填successful。 2.句意：他于 1889 年出生在伦敦南部。根据“He was born...the South of London”可知是出生在伦敦南部，用介词in。故填in。 3.句意：不幸的是，他的父亲在他 12 岁时去世。根据“his father died...he was 12”可知当他12岁时，他的父亲去世了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。 4.句意：他们必须自己做所有的事情。根据“They had to do all the things by...”可知他们要自己做所有事情，by oneself“独自”，此处用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 5.句意：他每天坚持练习拉小提琴4到6个小时。play the violin“拉小提琴”。故填the。 6.句意：1910年，他决定前往美国。travel“旅行”，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填to travel。 7.句意：在那里，他大部分时间都在演戏。work“工作”，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填working。 8.句意：他的电影通俗易懂，极具价值。根据“are”可知主语用名词复数movies“电影”。故填movies。 9.句意：每个人都可以欣赏他的电影，因为没有使用任何文字。enjoy“欣赏”，情态动词can后加动词原形。故填enjoy。 10.句意：他用动作直接和观众说话。此处修饰动词speak用副词directly“直接地”。故填directly。 一 Food safety is important and it doesn’t end at our door. The fridge is a perfect choice for keeping food safe and fresh, but it is not a magic box to keep all kinds of food. We should learn how to store food correctly in the fridge. ▲ Usually, the higher the shelf is, the higher the temperature will be. So make use of these different temperatures to get the best out of your food by storing it on the right shelf. Try to put vegetables and fruit on top shelves. The middle shelves are for food like burgers, pizza or cream cakes and the bottom shelves are for dairy products (乳制品) such as cheese, butter, yoghurt and eggs. Below is a freezer (冷冻室), it is the coldest part of the fridge, so it is perfect for storing raw (生的) meat and seafood. Keeping food in the fridge does not kill bacteria (细菌) but it can stop the bacteria from growing fast. Bacteria can grow quickly in temperatures between 5℃ and 60℃. This is called the Temperature Danger Zone. If you want to get the most out of your food, the temperature in your fridge needs to be between 0℃ and 5℃. The freezer temperature should be below -18℃. Everyone should pay attention to food safety. Hope these tips can help you keep your food fresh for as long as possible. 1. Which can be put in ▲ ? A. There are three to four shelves in the fridge. B. Different food should be put on different shelves. C. The temperature in the fridge is much colder than outside. D. The temperature in the fridge is different from shelf to shelf. 2. What food is put in the right place? ①Apples—the top shelf ②Eggs—the middle shelf ③Seafood—the bottom shelf ④Raw meat—the freezer A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 3. What do we know about the Temperature Danger Zone? A. Bacteria grow fast there. B. Food can’t be put in this zone. C. It is harmful to vegetables and fruit. D. Its temperature is between 0℃ and 5℃. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Bacteria can’t live in the fridge. B. The best temperature for butter is close to 0℃. C. Food safety is the most important thing at home. D. The fridge is like a magic box keeping all kinds of food. 5. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To ask people to put food in the fridge. B. To introduce a useful tool to keep food. C. To share some advice on using the fridge. D. To show the importance of food safety at home. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文主要讲述了食品安全的重要性以及如何正确地在冰箱中存放食物。 1.推理判断题。根据“Usually, the higher the shelf is, the higher the temperature will be. So make use of these different temperatures to get the best out of your food by storing it on the right shelf.”可知此处说的是冰箱里每个架子的温度都不一样。所以D项符合语境。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据“Try to put vegetables and fruit on top shelves. The middle shelves are for food like burgers, pizza or cream cakes and the bottom shelves are for dairy products such as cheese, butter, yoghurt and eggs. Below is a freezer, it is the coldest part of the fridge, so it is perfect for storing raw (生的) meat and seafood.”可知水果要放在最上层的架子上，生肉要放在冷冻室。①④符合文意。故选C。 3.细节理解题。根据“Bacteria can grow quickly in temperatures between 5℃ and 60℃. This is called the Temperature Danger Zone.”可知细菌在温度危险区生长很快。故选A。 4.细节理解题。根据“If you want to get the most out of your food, the temperature in your fridge needs to be between 0℃ and 5℃.”可知黄油的保存最佳温度接近0℃。故选B。 5.主旨大意题。根据“The fridge is a perfect choice for keeping food safe and fresh, but it is not a magic box to keep all kinds of food. We should learn how to store food correctly in the fridge.”及全文可知这篇短文主要讲述了食品安全的重要性以及如何正确地在冰箱中存放食物。所以文章的目的是分享一些使用冰箱的建议。故选C。 二 Harvey Sutton comes from America. 1 The five-year- old boy had a lot to tell his teachers and classmates. That was because he had just finished hiking(去……徒步旅行) the Appalachian Trail (the AT) with his parents. Hiking the AT is difficult. 2  It runs through（穿过）the forests of the Appalachian Mountains and through 14 states of the United States. Second, hikers must carry(携带）everything they need like tents, sleeping bags, food and water. Only one in four hikers can stand the difficult trip.  3    Harvey was just four when he started, and he had his fifth birthday along the way. Every day, the family woke up around 5:30 am and hiked about 16 kilometers. During his days on the AT, Harvey liked to use his imagination(想象力）.This helped him walk more quickly and have fun. 4  They all liked Harvey and called him“Little Man”.  It took Harvey and his family 209 days—about seven months—to finish the hike. 5  He Said," I want to hike the AT again in the future!” A. He felt very tired. B. He really enjoyed the hike. C. Many hikers once finished the hike. D. In the beginning, the AT is a hiking trail of about 3,500 km. E. But that didn't stop Harvey Sutton and his family. F. he went to climb in his spare time G. He made friends with other hikers on the trail. 长难句分析 原句：（第一段最后一句)That was because he had just finished hiking the Appalachian Trail (the AT) with his parents. 译文：那是因为他刚和父母徒步走完阿巴拉契亚步道。 分析：这是一个复合句。Because he had just finished hiking the Appalachian Trail (the AT)with his parents是because引导的表语从句。 译文 Harvey Sutton来自美国。2021年9月，他第一天上学。这个5岁的男孩有很多话要告诉他的老师和同学，因为他刚刚和父母完成了阿巴拉契亚步道的徒步旅行。 徒步走完阿巴拉契亚步道是很困难的。首先，这是一条长约3500 公里的徒步旅行路线，它穿过阿巴拉契亚山脉的森林和美国14个州。其次，徒步旅行者必须携带他们所需的一切，比如帐篷、睡袋、食物和水。只有四分之一的徒步旅行者能禁得住这艰难的旅程，但这并没能阻止Harvey Sutton和他的家人。 Harvey刚开始徒步旅行时只有4岁，他是在徒步的路上过的5岁生日。这家人每天早上5:30左右醒来，徒步约16公里。在阿巴拉契亚步道徒步的日子里，Harvey喜欢运用他的想象力，这帮助他走得更快、玩得更开心。在小径上，他与其他徒步旅行者交了朋友。他们都喜欢Harvey，并称他为“小男子汉”。 Harvey 和他的家人花了209天——约7个月——才完成这场徒步旅行。Harvey非常喜欢这场徒步旅行。他说：“我将来想再次徒步阿巴拉契亚步道！” 答案详析 1.F 根据下一句“The five-year-old boy had a lot to tell his teachers and classmates.”可知，这个五岁的男孩有很多事情要告诉他的老师和同学们。故推测空处与学校有关，F项“2021年9月他第一天上学”可引出下文，符合语境。 2.D 根据下一句“It runs through the forests of the Appalachian Mountains and through 14 states of the United States.”可知.它穿过阿巴拉契亚山脉的森林和美国14个州，故推测阿巴拉契亚步道是非常长的；再结合下文中的Second可知，D项“首先，阿巴拉契亚步道是一条约3500千米长的远足小径”可引出下文，符合语境。 3.E通读第二段可知，徒步走完阿巴拉契亚步道是非常困难的；再结合第三段可知.Harvey和家人并没有因为困难而放弃，故E项“但是那并没有阻止Harvey和他的家人”可承上启下，符合语境。 4.G根据下一句“They all liked Harvey and called him‘ Little Man’.”可知，他们都喜Harvey，并称他为“小男子汉”；根据语境推测They指其他徒步旅行者们，故G项“他和步道上的其他徒步旅行者交朋友”可引出下文，符合语境。 5.B 根据下一句中的“I want to hike the AT again in the future!”可知，Harvey将来想再去阿巴拉契亚步道徒步旅行。由此推测他是因为喜欢这次徒步旅行才会有此感慨，故B项“Harvey真的很喜欢这次徒步旅行”可引出下文，符合语境。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点08 动词时态1（一般现在时、现在进行时） 小学要求 一般现在时、现在进行时定义和用法 初中要求 一般现在时、现在进行时定义和用法及在不同从句中的用法及在不同语境中的灵活运用 【小学动词时态考点聚焦】 一般现在时 1. 写出下列单词的第三人称单数形式 1.go 2.get 3.finish 4.stop 5.try 6.watch 2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) you (make) a model plane? Yes, I can. (2) He (watch) TV every day. (3) Let me (draw) a picture for you. (4) How your mother (go) to work every day? (5) They like (listen) to the music. (6) I (be) a boy of Grade Four. 3.改错：(找一找下列句子中错误的地方，并改正) (1) Peter and I am classmates. ( ) (2) My father have a nice car. ( ) (3) Does Miss Jones goes to work at 8 o'clock?( ) (4) What does you want to eat? Some biscuits. ( ) (5) The butterflies likes flowers.( ) (6) Mr White often play golf with his friends. ( ) 现在进行时 一．写出现在分词形式 1.go- 2.fly- 3.open- 4.wash- 5.ride- 6.write- 7.come- 8.sit- 9.shut- 10.swim- 二．用所给动词的现在进行时填空 (1)1 can see the boy. He (eat) an apple. (2) they (have) lunch at home now? (3)Why the girl (stand) at the door? (4)Don't ask her for help. She (cook). (5)Who (sit) at my desk? Peter is. (6)Look there, Mike (run) fast. Come on, Mike! (7)What the Lis (do)? (8)I can hear the bird. It (sing). 【初中动词时态考点聚焦】 考点清单 考点一　动词的时态 一、动词的五种基本形式 英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。如:work—works—working—worked—worked。 1.动词的五种基本形式变化表 形式 构成 例词 动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式,也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be,have do,learn 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s runs,likes 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—teaches wash—washes go—goes pass—passes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-es study—studies try—tries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s stay—stays play—plays 现在分词 一般在动词原形后加-ing read—reading 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—living write—writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dying lie—lying tie—tying 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 二、动词各种时态的用法 英语中各种时态的使用频率不同,下面分别介绍初中阶段要求掌握的六种时态。 一般现在时 1.定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 3.一般现在时的基本用法 ① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。如： We have three meals every day. He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. ② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。如： Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 ③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。如： She likes watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。 We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。 He is at table. 他在吃饭。 I am usually at home at this time of day. 白天这个时候我通常在家。 ④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。如： The train comes at 3 o’clock. The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning. ⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。如： I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。 If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 ⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如： There goes the bell. 响铃了。// Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 一．写出下列单词的单数第三人称形式。 catch go buy cost carry break lie make miss rush 二．按要求改写句子。 1.Mary does not have any books.(变为肯定句) 2.He often has rice for dinner.(变为一般疑问句) 三．选择题 1．David's grandfather ________ his dog after supper every day.（2020朝阳一模） A．walks B．walked C．will walk D．has walked 2．My father and I ________ the dog near the park every evening.（丰台一模） A．walk B．walked C．are walking D．will walk 3．Mr. Green has two dogs. He____________ them every morning.（2020密云一模） A．walked B．will walk C．walks D．is walking 4．Amy usually ________ sports on Sunday mornings.（2020大兴一模） A．is having B．has C．has had D．was having 5．Susan lives far from school. She usually ________ a bus to school.（2020通州一模） A．has taken B．took C．takes D．will take 四．填空题 1.When we eat or 　　　　　　(喝)sweet foods, the sugar enters our blood and influences our brain.  2.My friend helps me create a Facebook page. On it, we usually 　　　　　　(分享) our kind activities with our friends.  3.Mike often 　　　　　　(收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.  4.And then it just 　　　　　　(grow) and makes the world a better place.  现在进行时 1.定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 2.构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 3.现在进行时的用法 ① 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be careful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。如： ---- What are you doing now? ---- I am looking for my key. Look. Some children are playing games over there. ② 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。如： I’m studying Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。 Are you teaching English in a school? 你在学校教英语吗？ He’s watching an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。 ③ 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。如： They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. He’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow. ④ 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。如： She’s always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏） You are always talking in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评） （4）不能用于进行时的动词 ① 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。如： I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。// This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 ② 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate等。如： I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。/ He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 ③ 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 ④ 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 一．现在进行时完成句子。 1.What you (do)? 2.I (sing) an English song. 3.What he (read)? 4.He (fix)a car. 5. you (fly)a kite? Yes, . 6.he child 　　　　　　(cry)over there. What’s wrong with him?  二．选择题 1．—Jason, don't make so much noise. Anna _____________ for her math exam. — Sorry, Mum. I won't. A． studies B．studied C．has studied D．is studying 2．Look! The little girl _________to the music. How beautiful! A．dances B．will dance C．is dancing D．danced 3．Be quiet! Your grandpa ________. A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．has slept D．will sleep 4．—Shall we go out for a walk, Betty? —Sorry, I ________ my clothes now. A． am washing B．washed C．have washed D．wash 一．选择题 1.—Linda, Dad has finished his work and we 　　　to the gym to pick you up.  —Thank you, Mum. A.drive　　　　 B.drove C.have driven　　 D.are driving 2.—We 　　　very simply and do not spend much money on food.  —That’s why you’re called the Greens. A.eat　　 B.ate　　 C.will eat　　 D.had eaten 3.—May I use your dictionary? —Sorry, I　　　it now.  A.am using　　 B.use　　 C.used 4.—What’s that terrible noise? —It’s John. He 　　　 the violin.  A.practiced　　 B.is practicing C.was practicing　　 D.has practiced 5.—Where is Mum? —In the living room. She 　　　a book at the moment.  A.was reading　　 B.will read C.is reading　　 D.has read 二．填空题 1.Mike often 　　　　　　(收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.  2.When a person v　　　 a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.  3.Mary is crazy about reading. She b　　　　　　 a lot of books from the school library every time.  4.Suzhou Museum 　　　　　　(位于) to the north of the Lion Forest Garden.  5.Jack is a good learner because he always 　　　　(connect) what he needs to learn with something interesting.  6.The government and car makers are w　　　 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.  7.Look! The students 　　　(answer) the questions carefully.   8.—Why are they so busy? —Because they 　　　　　　(raise) money for homeless people.  9.Now,I 　　　(sit) in front of Heather watching her write a letter.  三．语法填空 一 Do you think people all over the world can drink and use clean water? Well, it’s not the truth. Let’s look at Nya’s story. Nya is ___1___ eleven-year-old girl and she lives in South Sudan. She walks to the pond near her village ___2___ (two) a day to get water for her family. It’s a long walk, so Nya doesn’t have time to go to school. Nya is worried ___3___ her sister Akeer. Akeer is sick from the poor water, ___4___ there is little Nya’s family can do about it. One day, two men come to Nya’s village. After ___5___ (talk) with the elders, they begin to work in the ground between two big tee. Getting water from a well (水井) in South Sudan is hard. So, when Nya learns they are going to dig a well, she thinks they are ___6___ (able) to do it. But after two months of hard work, water ___7___ (final) comes out from the well. People bring their bottles to taste the water. It is clear and fresh. Everyone is ___8___ (excite). I feel happy for Nya and ___9___ (she) village. From her story, I know it’s still difficult for some people to get clean water. The story opens my eyes and teaches me ____10____ (save) water as much as I can in my daily life. 二 Charlie Chaplin was a famous English actor, filmmaker, and composer. No doubt, he was very ____1____ (success) in the world. But his life was full of ups and downs. He was born ____2____ the South of London in 1889. Unluckily, his father died ____3____ he was 12. He and his brother worked to help their sick mother from an early age. They had to do all the things by ____4____ (they). Although they led a hard life, Charlie grew interest in music and he didn’t give up. He kept practicing playing ____5____ violin for 4 to 6 hours every day. In 1910, he decided ____6____ (travel) to America. There, he spent most of his time ____7____ (work) on his acting. And finally, he made a big difference. His ____8____ (movie) are easy to understand and valuable. Everyone can ____9____ (enjoy) his films, because no words are used. His gestures speak _____10_____(direct) to audiences. 一 Food safety is important and it doesn’t end at our door. The fridge is a perfect choice for keeping food safe and fresh, but it is not a magic box to keep all kinds of food. We should learn how to store food correctly in the fridge. ▲ Usually, the higher the shelf is, the higher the temperature will be. So make use of these different temperatures to get the best out of your food by storing it on the right shelf. Try to put vegetables and fruit on top shelves. The middle shelves are for food like burgers, pizza or cream cakes and the bottom shelves are for dairy products (乳制品) such as cheese, butter, yoghurt and eggs. Below is a freezer (冷冻室), it is the coldest part of the fridge, so it is perfect for storing raw (生的) meat and seafood. Keeping food in the fridge does not kill bacteria (细菌) but it can stop the bacteria from growing fast. Bacteria can grow quickly in temperatures between 5℃ and 60℃. This is called the Temperature Danger Zone. If you want to get the most out of your food, the temperature in your fridge needs to be between 0℃ and 5℃. The freezer temperature should be below -18℃. Everyone should pay attention to food safety. Hope these tips can help you keep your food fresh for as long as possible. 1. Which can be put in ▲ ? A. There are three to four shelves in the fridge. B. Different food should be put on different shelves. C. The temperature in the fridge is much colder than outside. D. The temperature in the fridge is different from shelf to shelf. 2. What food is put in the right place? ①Apples—the top shelf ②Eggs—the middle shelf ③Seafood—the bottom shelf ④Raw meat—the freezer A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 3. What do we know about the Temperature Danger Zone? A. Bacteria grow fast there. B. Food can’t be put in this zone. C. It is harmful to vegetables and fruit. D. Its temperature is between 0℃ and 5℃. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Bacteria can’t live in the fridge. B. The best temperature for butter is close to 0℃. C. Food safety is the most important thing at home. D. The fridge is like a magic box keeping all kinds of food. 5. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To ask people to put food in the fridge. B. To introduce a useful tool to keep food. C. To share some advice on using the fridge. D. To show the importance of food safety at home. 二 Harvey Sutton comes from America. 1 The five-year- old boy had a lot to tell his teachers and classmates. That was because he had just finished hiking(去……徒步旅行) the Appalachian Trail (the AT) with his parents. Hiking the AT is difficult. 2  It runs through（穿过）the forests of the Appalachian Mountains and through 14 states of the United States. Second, hikers must carry(携带）everything they need like tents, sleeping bags, food and water. Only one in four hikers can stand the difficult trip.  3    Harvey was just four when he started, and he had his fifth birthday along the way. Every day, the family woke up around 5:30 am and hiked about 16 kilometers. During his days on the AT, Harvey liked to use his imagination(想象力）.This helped him walk more quickly and have fun. 4  They all liked Harvey and called him“Little Man”.  It took Harvey and his family 209 days—about seven months—to finish the hike. 5  He Said," I want to hike the AT again in the future!” A. He felt very tired. B. He really enjoyed the hike. C. Many hikers once finished the hike. D. In the beginning, the AT is a hiking trail of about 3,500 km. E. But that didn't stop Harvey Sutton and his family. F. he went to climb in his spare time G. He made friends with other hikers on the trail. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$