专题05：阅读理解说明文+议论文（名校真题12篇） -【期末备考】全国名校2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期末复习好题精选（全国通用）

专题05 阅读理解说明文+议论文（名校真题12篇） 1. 22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末 2. 22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期末 3. 22-23高一下·安徽合肥·期末 4. 22-23高一下·河北保定·期末 5. 22-23高一下·福建福州·期末 6. 22-23高一下·山东青岛·期末 7. 22-23高一下·重庆·期末 8. 22-23高一下·江苏徐州·期末 9. 22-23高一下·四川凉山·期末 10. 22-23高一下·河南洛阳·期末 11. 20-21高一下·山东济南·期末 12. 22-23高一下·贵州黔东南·期末 Passage 1 （22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末）People with genetic syndromes (综合症) sometimes have telltale (泄露私密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt — or overall impression — of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17, 000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this. As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle. secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians (临床医生). Clinically this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 1．What can we know about DeepGestalt? A．It can be trained to correctly label the images of people. B．It can correctly identify genetic mutations 91% of the time. C．It is built to look at faces and identify genetic disorders. D．It is much better than humans at trying to identify physical appearance. 2．Why are certain facial regions highlighted in the assessment process? A．To help confirm the diagnosis. B．To help make the system more understandable. C．To help the system quickly recognize people . D．To help identify a condition and make a diagnosis. 3．What’s the best title of this text? A．Tricky facial features B．Faces let AI spot genetic disorders C．Facial features give you away to doctors D．DeepGestalt: a magic cure for genetic syndromes 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technology? A．Positive. B．Neutral. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. Passage 2 （22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期末）“A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof(隔音的)room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, suecessfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agriculural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 5．What can we know from the six-year experiment? A．Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequeney. B．Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. C．Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D．Plants make the sound of the same frequeney whatever the situation. 6．What is the algorithm used for in the research? A．To record the sounds. B．To control the sounds. C．To produce the sounds. D．To identify the sounds. 7．What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A．Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B．Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C．Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. D．Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. 8．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Sounds That We Can’t Hear B．Beautiful Songs from Plants C．Plants React to Different Types of Stress D．Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed Passage 3 （22-23高一下·安徽合肥·期末）Free Wi-Fi has become incredibly important to us: many stores and shopping malls offer it, restaurants use it to attract customers, and for libraries and coffee shops it is a must-have service. Even when people are traveling, they scan for free Wi-Fi, which, according to research released by London’s Amba Hotel on Dec 4, has become the most important standard for selecting a hotel. According to the survey, as many as 67 percent of travelers questioned said that free Wi-Fi would make them more likely to choose accommodation, above other things such as the hotel’s location and friendly staff. When rating a hotel that they’d already stayed in, six in ten travelers believed that unlimited Wi-Fi was the most important factor in their rating. “Today, people treat their smartphones, tablets and laptop s like clothes when they are about to travel to some places. They will never forget to pack it into the suitcase,” said the Daily Mail. “We rely on free Wi-Fi heavily when traveling—especially when it comes to checking social media, searching for travel tips, and accessing websites.” However, despite the opportunities that free Wi-Fi gives us, “our over-reliance on technology has come at a price, with travelers feeling unable to escape social media”, said Lonely Planet, the world’s largest travel guide brand. Anita Isalska, Lonely Planet editor and tech addict, was forced to unplug when she was stuck in an isolated camp in Greenland recently. “Adjusting to this slower pace, it began to dawn on me: somewhere, somehow, social media had changed into a reflex(条件反射),”  she wrote. “I had believed I was capturing moments, but in reality my busy thumbs were preventing me from enjoying travel’s most profound pleasures. How fully can you appreciate a huge glacier or grassland of wildflowers when your brain is subconsciously selecting the right photo filter(滤镜), or the perfect six seconds to film?” In September, the brand released 10 predictions for the future of global travel. One of them was that true escapes will be highly valued in future, so remote hotels will start to make their lack of Internet into a feature. Would you like to have an unplugged holiday? 9．Why do travelers attach importance to free Wi-Fi when selecting a hotel? A．They think hotels with free Wi-Fi are likely to provide better service. B．They believe hotels with free Wi-Fi usually have better locations. C．They hope to enjoy more profound pleasures while using free Wi-Fi. D．They depend on free Wi-Fi to check social media and access websites. 10．What does the underlined word “unplug” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Check social media. B．Disconnect from digital devices. C．Appreciate beautiful scenery. D．Cancel a travelling plan. 11．What is the lesson Anita Isalska learned from the isolated camp she attended in Greenland recently? A．Travelers should adapt to a slower pace when checking social media. B．Travelers should take more photos and videos during their journeys. C．Addiction to social media has negatively affected the quality of travel. D．Beautiful scenery could be appreciated better if films are shot cautiously 12．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To argue against people’s over-reliance on Wi-Fi. B．To promote the growing importance of free Wi-Fi in daily lives. C．To predict what global travel will be like in the future. D．To protest against travelers’ standard when selecting a hotel. Passage 4 （22-23高一下·河北保定·期末）Several days of unusual warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year,” scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone—6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Put another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water. For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxious,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. “Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted.” In 2020, scientists found that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. “No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts,” said researchers. Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so they can ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had recently collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land,” Grinsted said. “So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer.” Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world. Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming. 13．How does the author support the topic of paragraph 1? A．By exploring reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By designing the numbers. D．By doing some experiments. 14．What did Kutalmis mean in paragraph 2? A．He disliked wearing a T-shirt. B．He worried about the warmth. C．He was deeply impressed by the ice. D．He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view. 15．What does the underlined word “destabilizing“ mean in paragraph 4? A．Quitting. B．Improving. C．Sheltering. D．Destroying. 16．What will the author probably do in the following paragraph? A．Recommend visiting Greenland. B．Describe how to ship out the ice core. C．Call on people to protect the environment. D．Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice. Passage 5 （22-23高一下·福建福州·期末）Children may not be putting coins in piggy banks for much longer. With the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is moving digital. To reflect this trend, many mobile budgeting(预算) apps for children have sprung up worldwide：GoHenry, Osper, and Gimi, to name but a few. These apps offer a simple money management service for children, often for a monthly fee paid by the parents. Parents can add money to children’s accounts, set limits and monitor transactions(交易). Children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card. These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts(概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income. For instance, the Swedish app Gimi—with 1.2 million users globally—has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money. Parents can pay children interest as they save. There is also a chores feature, where parents can pay children for completing household tasks. The account is attached to a prepaid card that is currently available in Sweden only, but is expected to be launched elsewhere in Europe in 2020. Haglund, CEO of Gimi, believes the app can teach children responsible spending habits. “You don’t become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics. It’s more about the attitude and the relationship you have with parents’ money when you’re 6 to 12 years old,” he says. But Catherine Winter, managing director of financial capability at The London Institute of Banking and Finance, warns that while digital tools can help there needs to be a more structured approach to financial education. The area should “have regular, dedicated, classroom time and ideally should be taught as a standalone subject,” she said. “Children would then have the right context and foundation to get the most out of both the apps and their money.” 17．What does the underlined part “this trend” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Pocket money moving digital B．Putting coins in piggy banks C．Mobile budging apps springing up. D．Money management service being offered 18．What do we know about the Swedish app Gimi? A．It pays children interest as they save. B．It can teach children concepts related to money C．It has 1. 2 million users all over Sweden. D．It is attached to a credit card available in Sweden only. 19．What can we learn from Winter’s words? A．Digital tools can help a lot with spending habits B．A regular classroom-based financial education is needed. C．Money management requires financial capability. D．Children can get the most out of their money with the apps 20．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The importance of financial education. B．The trend towards a cashless society. C．The rise of the digital piggy bank. D．The popularity of money management apps Passage 6 （22-23高一下·山东青岛·期末）The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole. The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形) language while the western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other. The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther. 21．What is the text mainly about? A．The origin of cultures. B．Culture differences. C．Language systems. D．Colorful world. 22．Why is the American culture similar to the European culture? A．Both of the two cultures have a very long history. B．They have the same mother rivers as the Chinese culture. C．The early settlers from Britain brought their culture to America. D．Both the British and the American live along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. 23．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “interference” in paragraph4? A．difference B．influence C．confidence D．environment 24．Where is the passage most likely from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A guidebook. Passage 7 （22-23高一下·重庆·期末）Cookie is a hero! This pet parrot’s courage was celebrated in a news article after he saved his teenage owner when a fire broke out in their home in Wales. The bird flapped its wings and squawked (尖声高叫) to warn Ben Rees of the fire. He fled, Cookie died. There are many stories of animals keeping humans out of harm’s way. But the relationship between species hasn’t always sounded so friendly and selfless. From 1911 to 1986, canaries (金丝雀) were traditionally taken down British coal mines to alert workers to the presence of poisonous gases. If the animals got sick, humans knew to leave the area. Today sniffer dogs are used by the police and the military to locate drugs, landmines and even dead bodies. The gratitude to animals, which bring us companionship and even rescue us, contributed to making the modern concept of animal rights popular. The idea can be traced back to 19th century England. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) was created in 1824 and is still going strong today. Local groups in different countries have focused on issues on their own area. Spanish animal rights activists, for example, have engaged in a campaign to ban bullfighting. And the animals don’t have to be powerful bulls or cute birds, cats and dogs to avoid suffering. What about pythons (巨蟒) and iguanas (蜥蜴)? They have rights too, according to the group People for the Treatment of Animals. 25．Cookie is mentioned to ________. A．show animals’ bravery B．provide the background C．prove animals’ loyalty D．introduce a topic 26．What makes the idea of animal rights popular? A．Animals’ selflessness. B．Animals’ companionship. C．Appreciation to animals. D．The relationship between species. 27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．All animals have rights definitely. B．Spanish animal rights activists are violent. C．It’s hard to say animals have rights. D．Only strong or lovely animals have rights. 28．In which section can you read the passage in a magazine? A．Health. B．Finance. C．Opinions. D．Technology. Passage 8 （22-23高一下·江苏徐州·期末）Today’s amazing newspaper headline! First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown’s shoes. No, not really. It isn’t true. I invented it. But I wouldn’t be surprised to see it one day soon. It seems that every week someone becomes ”the first” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” or even “the first married couple” to do something that doesn’t seem to be very useful to the rest of humanity. This year I’ve seen headlines saying “The youngest person to sail the Atlantic alone”, “The youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest”, and “The first people to fly around the world in a hot air balloon”. Why do they do it? Don’t they have better things to do with their time and money? And why should I be interested anyway? Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceans and flown around the world. People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet. Many of these things were done a long, long time ago. There just isn’t anything left to explore nowadays. I suppose there’s still a lot of the universe left, and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery, but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that. So, those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before. So they have to try and do it in a new way, or be “the fastest” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” to do something that isn’t really new at all. What is so great about climbing Mount Everest these days anyway? It’s become a popular tourist trip. People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas, who lead the way and carry the bags. At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down. As a result, Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up. The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety. Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people who were stuck on the mountain. In January 2003 a helicopter carrying two British men crashed into the sea near Antarctica. I’m not quite sure what they were trying to be “the first” or “the youngest” to do. The Chilean navy picked them up after a nine-hour rescue mission that cost tens of thousands of pounds, all paid for by the Chilean and British taxpayers. Talking of taxpayers, many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers. A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia, so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them. There have been a lot of difficult, time-consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars. I suppose we can’t just leave them to drown, but personally, I think we should give the bill to the people who are rescued. Perhaps they would think twice about doing it if they had to pay for expensive insurance premiums (保费). Then I wouldn’t have to read about them in the newspapers either. 29．The writer invents the newspaper headline in paragraphs 1 & 2 to ________. A．persuade readers of a new trend B．entertain readers with his humor C．get readers interested in the topic D．remind readers of an important event 30．By saying “It’s become a popular tourist trip”, the writer means ________. A．Mount Everest is now covered with a lot of rubbish B．climbing Mount Everest has already lost its true meaning C．it’s impossible to climb up Mountain Everest without help D．people without experience may get in trouble or even danger 31．Which is the reason why many Australians dislike the record breakers? A．They have to pay for the costs of rescuing the record breakers. B．The Australian navy was not something intended for rescue work. C．The record breakers should pay for their insurance premiums themselves. D．A great number of people try to break records in the seas around Australia. 32．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．It’s All Been Done Before B．Never Do Something New C．You Are the Next Record Breaker D．Be Responsible for Your Adventures Passage 9 （22-23高一下·四川凉山·期末）More and more teenagers are becoming unwilling to exercise worldwide. Australia, a nation that prides itself on its outdoor culture, is doing particularly poorly. It is currently ranked (排名) 140th out of 146 countries for teenage exercise levels. The data shows that 85%of girls are physically inactive compared to 78% of boys. In Australia, less than 1 in 10 teenagers aged 12 to 18 are meeting the recommended levels of physical activity. The current guidelines and evidence show that teenagers should be doing at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day. This should include muscle and bone strengthening activities on at least three days per week, meanwhile limiting recreational screen time to a maximum of 2 hours per day. Not being active can cause a range of health conditions leading to early adulthood and beyond. Adolescents may have decreased bone and cardio-metabolic (心脏代谢的) health which leaves them facing an increased risk of chronic disease (慢性病) in later life, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, and decreased fitness. If you’re not moving enough you’re also at an increased risk of being overweight or obese, with data already showing that 29.8% of teenagers (14-17) are classified as overweight or obese. So how can we get teenagers to exercise more? Firstly, high schools should place more importance on lunchtime and allow 1-hour breaks that increase physical activity. We should also encourage teenagers to be active on their lunch break. Parents and guardians also have an important role to play and should aim to devote 1 hour a day to moving more. This does not need to be 1 full hour and can be broken down into two 30-minute parts. The most important factor is to identify your teenager’s interests and needs surrounding their physical activity. Don’t be afraid to ask for help in finding a safe and fun exercise program. A qualified exercise physiologist or exercise scientist can help your child find a way to be more active that is suited to their needs, age of development, and interests. 33．How does the writer show teenagers in Australia lack enough exercise in Paragraph 1? A．By analyzing reasons. B．By listing data. C．By making comparison. D．By giving examples. 34．What does the author mainly intend to say with facts in Paragraph 3? A．A lack of exercise does lasting harm to health. B．Outdoor activities help build positive characters. C．Most chronic diseases come from getting overweight. D．Teenagers tend to take in more calories than they actually need. 35．What is especially important when it comes to encouraging teenagers to exercise more? A．Parents’ full participation in exercising. B．Arranging a balanced diet for them. C．Taking their interests into consideration. D．Improvement in the school PE course. 36．What may be the author’s writing purpose? A．To recommend fun exercise programs. B．To encourage physical activity in teenagers. C．To show the way to build a good living habit. D．To explain the reason for teenagers’ poor health. Passage 10 （22-23高一下·河南洛阳·期末）I have spent my entire life either at the schoolhouse, on the way to the schoolhouse, or talking about what happens in the schoolhouse. Both my parents and my grandparents were educators. For the past 40 years I’ve done the same thing. Needless to say, over those years I’ve had a chance to look at education reform from a lot of aspects. And we know why kids drop out. We know why kids don’t learn. It’s either poverty, low attendance or negative peer influences. But one of the things that we never discuss or we barely discuss is the value—the importance of human connection and relationships. James Comer says that no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship and all learning is understanding relationships. Everyone has been affected by a teacher or an adult. I have looked at the best and I’ve looked at some of the worst. A colleague said to me once, “My duty isn’t to like the kids, but to teach a lesson. The kids should learn it. I should teach it. This is the case.” Well, I said to her, “You know, kids don’t learn from people they don’t like.” I have had classes that were so low that I cried. I wondered, how was I going to take this group in nine months from where they were to where they needed to be? And it was awfully hard. How did I raise the self-confidence of a child and his academic achievement at the same time? One year I came up with a bright idea. I told all my students, “You were chosen to be in my class because I am the best teacher and you are the best students. They put us all together so we could show everybody else how to do it.” And I gave them a saying: “I am somebody. I was somebody when I came. I’ll be a better somebody when I leave. I am powerful , and I am strong. I deserve the education that I get here.” Teaching and learning should bring joy. How powerful would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion! Every child deserves a champion. An adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the power of connection, insists that they become the best that they can possibly be. 37．Why do kids drop out of school? A．They have a bad association with teachers. B．They may come from low-income families. C．They aren’t enthusiastic about school subjects. D．They are influenced in an optimistic way by peers. 38．Which idea does James Comer agree with? A．Teachers should lay stress on the personal traits. B．Students might learn a lot from teachers’ varied advice. C．Understanding relationships leads to successful learning. D．Education plays an important role in the kids’ childhood. 39．How did the author promote his students? A．He motivated them to build self-confidence. B．He trained them to be committed and focused. C．He awarded them many prizes during his class. D．He was devoted to improving their self-discipline. 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．Every Kid Needs a Champion B．True Love for My Own Career C．How to Deal With Bad Students D．My Joy of Being a Teacher Passage 11 （20-21高一下·山东济南·期末）Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them. But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships. Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words with Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other. Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台). In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger. “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual (虚拟的) worlds, we will have little time for our real-world friendships,” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need someone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand. You would like to talk face to face. 41．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To summarize the text. B．To tell about true friends. C．To bring up a discussion. D．To encourage online friendship. 42．What does the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3? A．In any case. B．In person. C．In this way. D．In advance. 43．What is Katie`s attitude towards online communication? A．Worried. B．Unconcerned. C．Confused. D．Positive. 44．What view does Rosen hold? A．It`s wise to turn to friends online. B．It`s easier to develop friendships in reality. C．Teenagers need to focus on real-world friendships. D．Social media help people stay closely connected. Passage 12 （22-23高一下·贵州黔东南·期末）A short while ago, I lost access to my We Chat account.I am not sure why it wouldn’t let me log in; perhaps it was my ancient, out-of-date phone. But I wasn’t upset because it offered me an opportunity to take a break from social media-something more and more people are doing. In the United States, Twitter and Facebook has seen a 44 percent decline among its younger users. Stars such as Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeren have taken a break from social media because they were tired of so many Internet trolls leaving negative comments. Ordinary people (like me) are turning away from it because of the feeling that they were spending more time online and enjoying less. It is not unusual for people to spend two or three hours a day posting or reading posts, to the point where it becomes an addiction.And it is an addiction. There is a chemical in your brain known as dopamine (多巴胺) which is sometimes called the “reward molecule”and its release gives you a feeling of pleasure. For instance, when you post a photo on We Chat and get a hundred likes, you feel happy. That’s dopamine at work. In my case, being off We Chat is actually an added bonus. No doubt I missed my dopamine. And I got e-mails from friends wondering if I was fine or if I was just being anti-social. But I soon began to feel quite peaceful and started to worry less about what other people were doing and concentrate more on my personal life. And I’m getting better sleep at night. I’m not advocating that all of you quit social media, but spending less time on these platforms does bring you advantages. 45．How did the author feel after he lost access to We Chat account? A．Calm. B．Worried. C．Disappointed. D．Surprised. 46．Why does the author list famous stars in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the importance of social media. B．To compare them with ordinary people. C．To give examples of quitting online platforms. D．To show the popularity of social media. 47．What does the underlined word probably mean? A．Desire. B．Benefit. C．Mission. D．Joy. 48．What might the author continue talking about? A．How to form good online habits. B．How to use social media properly. C．How to be smart online learners. D．How to cut down the time spent online. 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解说明文+议论文（名校真题12篇） 1. 22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末 2. 22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期末 3. 22-23高一下·安徽合肥·期末 4. 22-23高一下·河北保定·期末 5. 22-23高一下·福建福州·期末 6. 22-23高一下·山东青岛·期末 7. 22-23高一下·重庆·期末 8. 22-23高一下·江苏徐州·期末 9. 22-23高一下·四川凉山·期末 10. 22-23高一下·河南洛阳·期末 11. 20-21高一下·山东济南·期末 12. 22-23高一下·贵州黔东南·期末 Passage 1 （22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末）People with genetic syndromes (综合症) sometimes have telltale (泄露私密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt — or overall impression — of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17, 000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this. As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle. secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians (临床医生). Clinically this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 1．What can we know about DeepGestalt? A．It can be trained to correctly label the images of people. B．It can correctly identify genetic mutations 91% of the time. C．It is built to look at faces and identify genetic disorders. D．It is much better than humans at trying to identify physical appearance. 2．Why are certain facial regions highlighted in the assessment process? A．To help confirm the diagnosis. B．To help make the system more understandable. C．To help the system quickly recognize people . D．To help identify a condition and make a diagnosis. 3．What’s the best title of this text? A．Tricky facial features B．Faces let AI spot genetic disorders C．Facial features give you away to doctors D．DeepGestalt: a magic cure for genetic syndromes 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technology? A．Positive. B．Neutral. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助医生确认诊断遗传性疾病的人脸识别技术DeepGestalt。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.(一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。)”及第三段“They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.( 他们对名为DeepGestalt的神经网络进行了测试，测试了17000张正确标记的图像，以匹配200多种遗传综合征。)”可知，DeepGestalt是用来分析人脸照片并识别遗传疾病的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.(当系统进行评估时，对诊断最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示，供医生查看。这有助于他们理解基因组成和外表之间的关系。)”可知，在评估的过程中突出显示特定的面部区域有助于确定病情做出诊断。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.(一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。)”和下文介绍DeepGestalt这项人脸识别遗传性疾病的技术帮助医生确认诊断疾病，由此可推知，本文主要介绍帮助医生确认诊断遗传性疾病的DeepGestalt这项人脸识别的技术。所以“Faces let AI spot genetic disorders(人脸可以让人工智能识别遗传疾病)”是文章最佳标题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clinically this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.(在临床上，该技术可以缩小诊断的搜索空间，并通过检测基因标记进行确认。此外，它可能会增加发现其他患者的手段，反过来，有助于发现新的治疗或治愈方法。)”可知，作者对这项技术进行了积极正面的评价。由此推知，作者对该技术持“积极态度”。故选A。 Passage 2 （22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期末）“A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof(隔音的)room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, suecessfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agriculural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 5．What can we know from the six-year experiment? A．Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequeney. B．Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. C．Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D．Plants make the sound of the same frequeney whatever the situation. 6．What is the algorithm used for in the research? A．To record the sounds. B．To control the sounds. C．To produce the sounds. D．To identify the sounds. 7．What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A．Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B．Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C．Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. D．Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. 8．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Sounds That We Can’t Hear B．Beautiful Songs from Plants C．Plants React to Different Types of Stress D．Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(“一片美丽的花田可能是一个相当嘈杂的地方。只是我们听不到声音。”特拉维夫大学的科学家们进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。)”以及第二段“Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study.(植物会发出高频率的咔哒声，当缺水或受损时，咔哒声会变得更有规律。它们也会发出不同的声音，这取决于它们是口渴还是受伤。“每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的声音有关，”领导这项研究的利拉克·哈达尼教授说。)”可知，这项为期六年的实验表明植物在有压力的情况下会发出有规律的声音。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants.(研究人员使用了一种算法来分离噪音，成功地根据它们缺水还是受到切割来区分声音。该算法在温室环境中进行了这项工作，温室环境中有更多的周围声音，但它仍然能够识别出植物的特殊呼救声。)”可知，该算法用来分离噪音，辨别声音。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agriculural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them.(几年前，中国农业大学的Reda Hassanien领导的一项研究也证明了植物对声波的反应，一些植物的产量大大提高。虽然有证据表明植物可以对声音做出反应，但现在还没有证据表明它们真的能听到声音。)”可知，植物可以发出声音并对声波做出反应。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段““A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(“一片美丽的花田可能是一个相当嘈杂的地方。只是我们听不到声音。”特拉维夫大学的科学家们进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。所以“Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed(植物会说话，尤其是在有压力的时候)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Passage 3 （22-23高一下·安徽合肥·期末）Free Wi-Fi has become incredibly important to us: many stores and shopping malls offer it, restaurants use it to attract customers, and for libraries and coffee shops it is a must-have service. Even when people are traveling, they scan for free Wi-Fi, which, according to research released by London’s Amba Hotel on Dec 4, has become the most important standard for selecting a hotel. According to the survey, as many as 67 percent of travelers questioned said that free Wi-Fi would make them more likely to choose accommodation, above other things such as the hotel’s location and friendly staff. When rating a hotel that they’d already stayed in, six in ten travelers believed that unlimited Wi-Fi was the most important factor in their rating. “Today, people treat their smartphones, tablets and laptop s like clothes when they are about to travel to some places. They will never forget to pack it into the suitcase,” said the Daily Mail. “We rely on free Wi-Fi heavily when traveling—especially when it comes to checking social media, searching for travel tips, and accessing websites.” However, despite the opportunities that free Wi-Fi gives us, “our over-reliance on technology has come at a price, with travelers feeling unable to escape social media”, said Lonely Planet, the world’s largest travel guide brand. Anita Isalska, Lonely Planet editor and tech addict, was forced to unplug when she was stuck in an isolated camp in Greenland recently. “Adjusting to this slower pace, it began to dawn on me: somewhere, somehow, social media had changed into a reflex(条件反射),”  she wrote. “I had believed I was capturing moments, but in reality my busy thumbs were preventing me from enjoying travel’s most profound pleasures. How fully can you appreciate a huge glacier or grassland of wildflowers when your brain is subconsciously selecting the right photo filter(滤镜), or the perfect six seconds to film?” In September, the brand released 10 predictions for the future of global travel. One of them was that true escapes will be highly valued in future, so remote hotels will start to make their lack of Internet into a feature. Would you like to have an unplugged holiday? 9．Why do travelers attach importance to free Wi-Fi when selecting a hotel? A．They think hotels with free Wi-Fi are likely to provide better service. B．They believe hotels with free Wi-Fi usually have better locations. C．They hope to enjoy more profound pleasures while using free Wi-Fi. D．They depend on free Wi-Fi to check social media and access websites. 10．What does the underlined word “unplug” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Check social media. B．Disconnect from digital devices. C．Appreciate beautiful scenery. D．Cancel a travelling plan. 11．What is the lesson Anita Isalska learned from the isolated camp she attended in Greenland recently? A．Travelers should adapt to a slower pace when checking social media. B．Travelers should take more photos and videos during their journeys. C．Addiction to social media has negatively affected the quality of travel. D．Beautiful scenery could be appreciated better if films are shot cautiously 12．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To argue against people’s over-reliance on Wi-Fi. B．To promote the growing importance of free Wi-Fi in daily lives. C．To predict what global travel will be like in the future. D．To protest against travelers’ standard when selecting a hotel. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了WiFi在旅行过程中的重要性，但没有WiFi的酒店也在开始成为酒店的特色。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“We rely on free Wi-Fi heavily when traveling—especially when it comes to checking social media, searching for travel tips, and accessing websites.（我们在旅行时严重依赖免费Wi-Fi，尤其是在查看社交媒体、搜索旅游提示和访问网站时。）”可知，旅行者在旅行的时候要查看社交媒体、搜索旅行提示和访问网站，所以他们需要找一个有免费WiFi的酒店。故选D。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“when she was stuck in an isolated camp in Greenland recently.（她最近被困在格陵兰岛的一个孤立营地。）”可知，《孤独星球》的编辑被困在格陵兰岛一个与世隔绝的营地，说明当时什么都没有，因此也不会有电子设备或者是WiFi。从而推知此处unplug指的是“和电子设备失联”。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第六段“I had believed I was capturing moments, but in reality my busy thumbs were preventing me from enjoying travel’s most profound pleasures.（我认为我是在捕捉瞬间，但实际上，我忙碌的大拇指让我无法享受旅行中最深刻的乐趣。）”可判断，Anita Isalska认为如果对社交媒体上瘾的话就会影响旅行的质量，无法享受旅行的乐趣。故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Free Wi-Fi has become incredibly important to us: many stores and shopping malls offer it, restaurants use it to attract customers, and for libraries and coffee shops it is a must-have service.（免费Wi-Fi对我们来说已经变得非常重要:许多商店和购物中心提供免费Wi-Fi，餐馆用它来吸引顾客，对于图书馆和咖啡馆来说，这是一项必不可少的服务。）”和文章最后一段“One of them was that true escapes will be highly valued in future, so remote hotels will start to make their lack of Internet into a feature. Would you like to have an unplugged holiday?（其中之一是，真正的逃离将在未来受到高度重视，因此偏远的酒店将开始把缺乏互联网变成一种特色。你想过一个不插电的假期吗?）”可知，现在人们对于WiFi特别依赖，在外面玩的时候也想要找有WiFi的酒店，但最近的调查发现，人们也想要逃离有WiFi的地方，去尽量的放松自己。因此作者是在反对人们对WiFi的过分依赖。故选A。 Passage 4 （22-23高一下·河北保定·期末）Several days of unusual warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year,” scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone—6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Put another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water. For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxious,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. “Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted.” In 2020, scientists found that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. “No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts,” said researchers. Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so they can ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had recently collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land,” Grinsted said. “So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer.” Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world. Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming. 13．How does the author support the topic of paragraph 1? A．By exploring reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By designing the numbers. D．By doing some experiments. 14．What did Kutalmis mean in paragraph 2? A．He disliked wearing a T-shirt. B．He worried about the warmth. C．He was deeply impressed by the ice. D．He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view. 15．What does the underlined word “destabilizing“ mean in paragraph 4? A．Quitting. B．Improving. C．Sheltering. D．Destroying. 16．What will the author probably do in the following paragraph? A．Recommend visiting Greenland. B．Describe how to ship out the ice core. C．Call on people to protect the environment. D．Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice. 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．D 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。 13．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year (气温一直在-12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和。)”可知作者通过比较来支持第一段的主题，故选B。 14．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious,’ said Kutalmis Saylam (对于冰盖上的科学家来说，这种温暖令人担忧“这真的让我很焦虑，” Kutalmis Saylam说)”可知在第二段中的Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖，故选B。 15．词义猜测题。文章第四段划线单词后文讲到“The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land (我们现在看到的天气太热，滑雪飞机无法降落)”可知飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site(但这种温暖正在破坏着陆点的稳定)”可知降落地点遭到破坏，带下划线单词的意思是“破坏”，故选D。 16．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。文章最后一段讲到“Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming. (Grinsted将温度称为热浪，并指出温度升高的可能性显然与全球变暖有关。)” 可推理作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境，故选C。 Passage 5 （22-23高一下·福建福州·期末）Children may not be putting coins in piggy banks for much longer. With the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is moving digital. To reflect this trend, many mobile budgeting(预算) apps for children have sprung up worldwide：GoHenry, Osper, and Gimi, to name but a few. These apps offer a simple money management service for children, often for a monthly fee paid by the parents. Parents can add money to children’s accounts, set limits and monitor transactions(交易). Children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card. These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts(概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income. For instance, the Swedish app Gimi—with 1.2 million users globally—has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money. Parents can pay children interest as they save. There is also a chores feature, where parents can pay children for completing household tasks. The account is attached to a prepaid card that is currently available in Sweden only, but is expected to be launched elsewhere in Europe in 2020. Haglund, CEO of Gimi, believes the app can teach children responsible spending habits. “You don’t become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics. It’s more about the attitude and the relationship you have with parents’ money when you’re 6 to 12 years old,” he says. But Catherine Winter, managing director of financial capability at The London Institute of Banking and Finance, warns that while digital tools can help there needs to be a more structured approach to financial education. The area should “have regular, dedicated, classroom time and ideally should be taught as a standalone subject,” she said. “Children would then have the right context and foundation to get the most out of both the apps and their money.” 17．What does the underlined part “this trend” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Pocket money moving digital B．Putting coins in piggy banks C．Mobile budging apps springing up. D．Money management service being offered 18．What do we know about the Swedish app Gimi? A．It pays children interest as they save. B．It can teach children concepts related to money C．It has 1. 2 million users all over Sweden. D．It is attached to a credit card available in Sweden only. 19．What can we learn from Winter’s words? A．Digital tools can help a lot with spending habits B．A regular classroom-based financial education is needed. C．Money management requires financial capability. D．Children can get the most out of their money with the apps 20．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The importance of financial education. B．The trend towards a cashless society. C．The rise of the digital piggy bank. D．The popularity of money management apps 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了零花钱正在数字化这一趋势以及理财应用程序的流行。 17．词句猜测题。由文第一段最后一句“With the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is moving digital.”（随着无现金社会的发展，零花钱正在数字化）可知，在无现金社会转型的过程中，零钱也开始电子化这一趋势。因此推断划线短语指代上文提到的移动数字零用钱，故选A项。 18．细节理解题。由文第三段前部分“These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts(概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income. For instance, the Swedish app Gimi—with 1.2 million users globally—has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money. Parents can pay children interest as they save.”（这些应用程序旨在向幼儿传授金融概念， 如预算、利率和收入。例如，瑞典应用Gimi在全球拥有120万用户，它有虚拟储蓄罐，孩子们可以在那里存钱。父母可以在孩子储蓄的同时支付利息。）可知，瑞典应用Gimi可以教孩子们与金钱有关的概念，故选B项。 19．推理判断题。由文最后一段“But Catherine Winter, managing director of financial capability at The London Institute of Banking and Finance, warns that while digital tools can help there needs to be a more structured approach to financial education. The area should “have regular, dedicated, classroom time and ideally should be taught as a standalone subject,” she said. “Children would then have the right context and foundation to get the most out of both the apps and their money.””（但伦敦银行与金融研究所金融能力董事总经理凯瑟琳·温特警告说，虽然数字工具可以提供帮助，但金融教育需要一种更结构化的方法。她说，该地区应该“有规律的、专门的课堂时间，理想情况下应该作为一门独立的学科进行教学”。“这样，孩子们就有了正确的背景和基础，可以充分利用应用程序和他们的钱。”）可知，她认为需要定期在课堂上进行金融教育，故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Children may not be putting coins in piggy banks for much longer. With the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is moving digital.”（孩子们可能不会再把硬币放进存钱罐了。随着无现金社会的发展，零花钱正在数字化。）和第二段第一句“To reflect this trend, many mobile budgeting apps for children have sprung up worldwide：GoHenry, Osper, and Gimi, to name but a few.”（为了反映这一趋势，许多移动预算儿童应用程序如雨后春笋般出现在世界各地：GoHenry、Osper和Gimi，仅举几例。这些应用程序为儿童提供简单的资金管理服务，通常由父母按月支付费用）以及第三段“These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts(概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income. For instance, the Swedish app Gimi—with 1.2 million users globally—has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money.”（这些应用程序旨在向幼儿传授金融概念，如预算、利率和收入。例如，瑞典应用Gimi在全球拥有120万用户，它有虚拟储蓄罐，孩子们可以在那里存钱。）可知，本文主要介绍了数字存钱罐的兴起，故选C项。 Passage 6 （22-23高一下·山东青岛·期末）The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole. The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形) language while the western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other. The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther. 21．What is the text mainly about? A．The origin of cultures. B．Culture differences. C．Language systems. D．Colorful world. 22．Why is the American culture similar to the European culture? A．Both of the two cultures have a very long history. B．They have the same mother rivers as the Chinese culture. C．The early settlers from Britain brought their culture to America. D．Both the British and the American live along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. 23．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “interference” in paragraph4? A．difference B．influence C．confidence D．environment 24．Where is the passage most likely from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A guidebook. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。东西方文化不同，这是因为文化体统在整体上是独立的。东方文化源自于中国和印度，而西方文化源自于古希腊罗马。语言等也造就了文化差异。 21．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.”可知，东西方文化不同，这是因为文化体统在整体上是独立的。所以文章是关于文化差异的。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。由第三段“When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture.”可知，在英国人在美国定居时，英国的文化随之来到大西洋。因此美国文化与欧洲文化没有太大差异。所以，美国文化与欧洲文化相似是因为早期来自英国的定居者将他们的文化带到了美国。故选C项。 23．词义猜测题。由第四段“due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries.”可知，由于距离远和东西方间的峭壁区域，两种文化在最近几个世纪以前很少交流。因此，交流少就不会对彼此产生影响，就各自以自己的方式成长。所以interference在语境中做“影响”解，故选B项。 24．推理判断题。由第一段中的“The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.”可知，东西方文化不同，这是因为文化体统在整体上是独立的。所以文章是关于文化差异的。这样的文章可能在杂志上出现，故选B项。 Passage 7 （22-23高一下·重庆·期末）Cookie is a hero! This pet parrot’s courage was celebrated in a news article after he saved his teenage owner when a fire broke out in their home in Wales. The bird flapped its wings and squawked (尖声高叫) to warn Ben Rees of the fire. He fled, Cookie died. There are many stories of animals keeping humans out of harm’s way. But the relationship between species hasn’t always sounded so friendly and selfless. From 1911 to 1986, canaries (金丝雀) were traditionally taken down British coal mines to alert workers to the presence of poisonous gases. If the animals got sick, humans knew to leave the area. Today sniffer dogs are used by the police and the military to locate drugs, landmines and even dead bodies. The gratitude to animals, which bring us companionship and even rescue us, contributed to making the modern concept of animal rights popular. The idea can be traced back to 19th century England. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) was created in 1824 and is still going strong today. Local groups in different countries have focused on issues on their own area. Spanish animal rights activists, for example, have engaged in a campaign to ban bullfighting. And the animals don’t have to be powerful bulls or cute birds, cats and dogs to avoid suffering. What about pythons (巨蟒) and iguanas (蜥蜴)? They have rights too, according to the group People for the Treatment of Animals. 25．Cookie is mentioned to ________. A．show animals’ bravery B．provide the background C．prove animals’ loyalty D．introduce a topic 26．What makes the idea of animal rights popular? A．Animals’ selflessness. B．Animals’ companionship. C．Appreciation to animals. D．The relationship between species. 27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．All animals have rights definitely. B．Spanish animal rights activists are violent. C．It’s hard to say animals have rights. D．Only strong or lovely animals have rights. 28．In which section can you read the passage in a magazine? A．Health. B．Finance. C．Opinions. D．Technology. 【答案】25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了现代动物权利概念流行的由来，并坚定地认为所有的动物都有权利。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are many stories of animals keeping humans out of harm’s way. (有很多关于动物保护人类免受伤害的故事。)”以及第三段“The gratitude to animals, which bring us companionship and even rescue us, contributed to making the modern concept of animal rights popular.(动物给我们带来了陪伴甚至拯救了我们，对此的感激有助于现代动物权利概念的流行)”可推理出第一段提到Cookie是为了引入话题，故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“The gratitude to animals, which bring us companionship and even rescue us, contributed to making the modern concept of animal rights popular.(动物给我们带来了陪伴甚至拯救了我们，对此的感激有助于现代动物权利概念的流行)”可知，对动物的感激使得现代动物权利概念得以流行，故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And the animals don’t have to be powerful bulls or cute birds, cats and dogs(这些动物不必是强壮的公牛或可爱的鸟、猫和狗。)”以及“What about pythons (巨蟒) and iguanas (蜥蜴)? They have rights too(蟒蛇和鬣蜥呢？他们也有权利。)”可推理出，人们认为所有的动物都有权利，故选A项。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“But the relationship between species hasn’t always sounded so friendly and selfless.(但物种之间的关系听起来并不总是那么友好和无私)”、最后一段“And the animals don’t have to be powerful bulls or cute birds, cats and dogs(这些动物不必是强壮的公牛或可爱的鸟、猫和狗。)”以及“What about pythons (巨蟒) and iguanas (蜥蜴)? They have rights too(蟒蛇和鬣蜥呢？他们也有权利。)”可知，本文使用了举例的方法并引出了作者的观点，认为所有的动物都有权利，是一篇议论文，最可能出现在杂志的“观点”部分，故选C项。 Passage 8 （22-23高一下·江苏徐州·期末）Today’s amazing newspaper headline! First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown’s shoes. No, not really. It isn’t true. I invented it. But I wouldn’t be surprised to see it one day soon. It seems that every week someone becomes ”the first” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” or even “the first married couple” to do something that doesn’t seem to be very useful to the rest of humanity. This year I’ve seen headlines saying “The youngest person to sail the Atlantic alone”, “The youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest”, and “The first people to fly around the world in a hot air balloon”. Why do they do it? Don’t they have better things to do with their time and money? And why should I be interested anyway? Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceans and flown around the world. People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet. Many of these things were done a long, long time ago. There just isn’t anything left to explore nowadays. I suppose there’s still a lot of the universe left, and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery, but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that. So, those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before. So they have to try and do it in a new way, or be “the fastest” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” to do something that isn’t really new at all. What is so great about climbing Mount Everest these days anyway? It’s become a popular tourist trip. People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas, who lead the way and carry the bags. At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down. As a result, Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up. The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety. Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people who were stuck on the mountain. In January 2003 a helicopter carrying two British men crashed into the sea near Antarctica. I’m not quite sure what they were trying to be “the first” or “the youngest” to do. The Chilean navy picked them up after a nine-hour rescue mission that cost tens of thousands of pounds, all paid for by the Chilean and British taxpayers. Talking of taxpayers, many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers. A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia, so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them. There have been a lot of difficult, time-consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars. I suppose we can’t just leave them to drown, but personally, I think we should give the bill to the people who are rescued. Perhaps they would think twice about doing it if they had to pay for expensive insurance premiums (保费). Then I wouldn’t have to read about them in the newspapers either. 29．The writer invents the newspaper headline in paragraphs 1 & 2 to ________. A．persuade readers of a new trend B．entertain readers with his humor C．get readers interested in the topic D．remind readers of an important event 30．By saying “It’s become a popular tourist trip”, the writer means ________. A．Mount Everest is now covered with a lot of rubbish B．climbing Mount Everest has already lost its true meaning C．it’s impossible to climb up Mountain Everest without help D．people without experience may get in trouble or even danger 31．Which is the reason why many Australians dislike the record breakers? A．They have to pay for the costs of rescuing the record breakers. B．The Australian navy was not something intended for rescue work. C．The record breakers should pay for their insurance premiums themselves. D．A great number of people try to break records in the seas around Australia. 32．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．It’s All Been Done Before B．Never Do Something New C．You Are the Next Record Breaker D．Be Responsible for Your Adventures 【答案】29．C 30．B 31．A 32．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述现在的人正在做的事情都是曾经有人做过的事情，没有什么新奇的。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段“First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown’s shoes. (第一个四口之家穿着米老鼠耳朵和小丑鞋走到南极。)”和第二段“No, not really. It isn’t true. I invented it. But I wouldn’t be surprised to see it one day soon. It seems that every week someone becomes ”the first” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” or even “the first married couple” to do something that doesn’t seem to be very useful to the rest of humanity. (不，不是真的。这不是真的。它是我发明的。但不久后的某一天看到它，我不会感到惊讶。似乎每周都有人成为“第一对”、“最年轻的”、“年龄最大的”甚至“第一对已婚夫妇”，做一些对人类其他人似乎没有太大用处的事情。)”可知，作者在第1段和第2段中发明了报纸标题是为了让读者对这个话题感兴趣。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceans and flown around the world. People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet. Many of these things were done a long, long time ago. There just isn’t anything left to explore nowadays. I suppose there’s still a lot of the universe left, and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery, but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that. So, those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before. So they have to try and do it in a new way, or be “the fastest” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” to do something that isn’t really new at all. (人类已经登上了最高的山峰，漂洋过海，环游世界。人们已经到达了地球上最偏远的地方。其中许多事情都是很久很久以前做的。现在已经没有什么可探索的了。我想宇宙还剩下很多，海底仍然有点神秘，但你需要大量的技术来探索这样的领域。所以，那些觉得需要冒险的人只能做以前做过的事情。因此，他们必须尝试用一种新的方式来做，或者成为“最快的”、“最年轻的”或“最年长的”来做一些根本不是新的事情。) ”和第五段“What is so great about climbing Mount Everest these days anyway? It’s become a popular tourist trip. People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas, who lead the way and carry the bags. At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down. As a result, Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up. The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety. Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people who were stuck on the mountain. (这些天攀登珠穆朗玛峰有什么了不起的？它已成为一个受欢迎的旅游之旅。人们花了数千美元被当地的夏尔巴人带上山，夏尔巴人带路并背着袋子。在任何时候，都有大约一千人在向上爬或在返回的路上。因此，珠穆朗玛峰到处都是垃圾，夏尔巴人不得不专程上山捡垃圾。登山者往往缺乏经验，当他们遇到麻烦时，其他人不得不冒着生命危险将他们带到安全地带。直升机机组人员在试图接近被困在山上的人时遇难。)”可知，通过说“攀登珠穆朗玛峰已成为一个受欢迎的旅游之旅。”，作者是想表达的意思是：攀登珠穆朗玛峰现在已经没有什么可探索的了，已经失去了它真正的意义。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Talking of taxpayers, many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers. A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia, so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them. There have been a lot of difficult, time-consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars. (说到纳税人，许多澳大利亚人有点受够了破纪录者。许多试图打破帆船或赛艇记录的人在澳大利亚周围的海域遇到了麻烦，因此澳大利亚海军不得不派遣船只来拯救他们。近年来，澳大利亚政府花费了数百万美元执行了许多艰难而耗时的救援任务。)”可知，许多澳大利亚人不喜欢破纪录者的原因是，作为纳税人，他们必须支付拯救破纪录者的费用。故选A。 32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This year I’ve seen headlines saying “The youngest person to sail the Atlantic alone”, “The youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest”, and “The first people to fly around the world in a hot air balloon”. Why do they do it? Don’t they have better things to do with their time and money? And why should I be interested anyway? (今年，我看到了一些头条新闻，上面写着“独自横渡大西洋的最年轻人”、“攀登珠穆朗玛峰的最年轻英国人”和“第一批乘坐热气球环游世界的人”。他们为什么这么做？难道他们在时间和金钱上没有更好的事情可做吗？我为什么要感兴趣呢？)”和第四段“Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceans and flown around the world. People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet. Many of these things were done a long, long time ago. There just isn’t anything left to explore nowadays. I suppose there’s still a lot of the universe left, and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery, but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that. So, those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before. So they have to try and do it in a new way, or be “the fastest” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” to do something that isn’t really new at all. (人类已经登上了最高的山峰，漂洋过海，环游世界。人们已经到达了地球上最偏远的地方。其中许多事情都是很久很久以前做的。现在已经没有什么可探索的了。我想宇宙还剩下很多，海底仍然有点神秘，但你需要大量的技术来探索这样的领域。所以，那些觉得需要冒险的人只能做以前做过的事情。因此，他们必须尝试用一种新的方式来做，或者成为“最快的”、“最年轻的”或“最年长的”来做一些根本不是新的事情。) ”可知，这篇文章主要讲述现在的人正在做的事情都是曾经有人做过的事情，没有什么新奇的。故选A。 Passage 9 （22-23高一下·四川凉山·期末）More and more teenagers are becoming unwilling to exercise worldwide. Australia, a nation that prides itself on its outdoor culture, is doing particularly poorly. It is currently ranked (排名) 140th out of 146 countries for teenage exercise levels. The data shows that 85%of girls are physically inactive compared to 78% of boys. In Australia, less than 1 in 10 teenagers aged 12 to 18 are meeting the recommended levels of physical activity. The current guidelines and evidence show that teenagers should be doing at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day. This should include muscle and bone strengthening activities on at least three days per week, meanwhile limiting recreational screen time to a maximum of 2 hours per day. Not being active can cause a range of health conditions leading to early adulthood and beyond. Adolescents may have decreased bone and cardio-metabolic (心脏代谢的) health which leaves them facing an increased risk of chronic disease (慢性病) in later life, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, and decreased fitness. If you’re not moving enough you’re also at an increased risk of being overweight or obese, with data already showing that 29.8% of teenagers (14-17) are classified as overweight or obese. So how can we get teenagers to exercise more? Firstly, high schools should place more importance on lunchtime and allow 1-hour breaks that increase physical activity. We should also encourage teenagers to be active on their lunch break. Parents and guardians also have an important role to play and should aim to devote 1 hour a day to moving more. This does not need to be 1 full hour and can be broken down into two 30-minute parts. The most important factor is to identify your teenager’s interests and needs surrounding their physical activity. Don’t be afraid to ask for help in finding a safe and fun exercise program. A qualified exercise physiologist or exercise scientist can help your child find a way to be more active that is suited to their needs, age of development, and interests. 33．How does the writer show teenagers in Australia lack enough exercise in Paragraph 1? A．By analyzing reasons. B．By listing data. C．By making comparison. D．By giving examples. 34．What does the author mainly intend to say with facts in Paragraph 3? A．A lack of exercise does lasting harm to health. B．Outdoor activities help build positive characters. C．Most chronic diseases come from getting overweight. D．Teenagers tend to take in more calories than they actually need. 35．What is especially important when it comes to encouraging teenagers to exercise more? A．Parents’ full participation in exercising. B．Arranging a balanced diet for them. C．Taking their interests into consideration. D．Improvement in the school PE course. 36．What may be the author’s writing purpose? A．To recommend fun exercise programs. B．To encourage physical activity in teenagers. C．To show the way to build a good living habit. D．To explain the reason for teenagers’ poor health. 【答案】33．B 34．A 35．C 36．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了越来越多的青少年变得不愿意进行体育锻炼的问题，并探讨解决办法，鼓励青少年积极进行体育锻炼。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is currently ranked (排名) 140th out of 146 countries for teenage exercise levels. The data shows that 85%of girls are physically inactive compared to 78% of boys. In Australia, less than 1 in 10 teenagers aged 12 to 18 are meeting the recommended levels of physical activity.(目前，青少年运动水平在146个国家中排名第140位。数据显示，85%的女孩缺乏体育锻炼，而男孩的这一比例为78%。在澳大利亚，12岁至18岁的青少年中，只有不到十分之一的人达到了建议的体育锻炼水平。)”可知，在第一段中，作者是通过列举数据说明澳大利亚的青少年缺乏足够的锻炼的。故选B项。 34．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Not being active can cause a range of health conditions leading to early adulthood and beyond.(不运动会导致一系列健康问题，最终导致成年早期及以后的健康问题。)”可知，作者在第三段中主要想用事实说明缺乏运动对健康有持久的伤害。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most important factor is to identify your teenager’s interests and needs surrounding their physical activity.(最重要的因素是确定你的孩子对体育活动的兴趣和需求。)”可知，当谈到鼓励青少年多锻炼时，考虑他们的兴趣是特别重要的。故选C项。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Don’t be afraid to ask for help in finding a safe and fun exercise program.(不要害怕寻求帮助，找到一个安全而有趣的锻炼计划。)”可知，文章谈论了越来越多的青少年变得不愿意进行体育锻炼的问题，并探讨解决办法，鼓励青少年积极进行体育锻炼。作者的写作目的是鼓励青少年进行体育活动。故选B项。 Passage 10 （22-23高一下·河南洛阳·期末）I have spent my entire life either at the schoolhouse, on the way to the schoolhouse, or talking about what happens in the schoolhouse. Both my parents and my grandparents were educators. For the past 40 years I’ve done the same thing. Needless to say, over those years I’ve had a chance to look at education reform from a lot of aspects. And we know why kids drop out. We know why kids don’t learn. It’s either poverty, low attendance or negative peer influences. But one of the things that we never discuss or we barely discuss is the value—the importance of human connection and relationships. James Comer says that no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship and all learning is understanding relationships. Everyone has been affected by a teacher or an adult. I have looked at the best and I’ve looked at some of the worst. A colleague said to me once, “My duty isn’t to like the kids, but to teach a lesson. The kids should learn it. I should teach it. This is the case.” Well, I said to her, “You know, kids don’t learn from people they don’t like.” I have had classes that were so low that I cried. I wondered, how was I going to take this group in nine months from where they were to where they needed to be? And it was awfully hard. How did I raise the self-confidence of a child and his academic achievement at the same time? One year I came up with a bright idea. I told all my students, “You were chosen to be in my class because I am the best teacher and you are the best students. They put us all together so we could show everybody else how to do it.” And I gave them a saying: “I am somebody. I was somebody when I came. I’ll be a better somebody when I leave. I am powerful , and I am strong. I deserve the education that I get here.” Teaching and learning should bring joy. How powerful would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion! Every child deserves a champion. An adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the power of connection, insists that they become the best that they can possibly be. 37．Why do kids drop out of school? A．They have a bad association with teachers. B．They may come from low-income families. C．They aren’t enthusiastic about school subjects. D．They are influenced in an optimistic way by peers. 38．Which idea does James Comer agree with? A．Teachers should lay stress on the personal traits. B．Students might learn a lot from teachers’ varied advice. C．Understanding relationships leads to successful learning. D．Education plays an important role in the kids’ childhood. 39．How did the author promote his students? A．He motivated them to build self-confidence. B．He trained them to be committed and focused. C．He awarded them many prizes during his class. D．He was devoted to improving their self-discipline. 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．Every Kid Needs a Champion B．True Love for My Own Career C．How to Deal With Bad Students D．My Joy of Being a Teacher 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．A 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者对于当代教育的一些看法，作者认为每个孩子都值得拥有一个冠军。一个永远不会放弃他们的成年人，一个懂得联系的力量的成年人，坚持让他们成为最好的自己。 37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And we know why kids drop out. We know why kids don’t learn. It’s either poverty, low attendance or negative peer influences. (我们也知道孩子们为什么会辍学。我们知道孩子们为什么不学习。要么是贫穷，要么是出勤率低，要么是同伴的负面影响。)”可知，孩子辍学的原因要么是贫穷，要么是出勤率低，要么是同伴的负面影响。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“James Comer says that no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship and all learning is understanding relationships. Everyone has been affected by a teacher or an adult. (James Comer说，没有重要的关系就没有重要的学习，所有的学习都是对关系的理解。每个人都被老师或大人影响过。)”可知，James Comer认为所有的学习都是对关系的理解，由此可知，理解了关系就会带来成功的学习。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“How did I raise the self-confidence of a child and his academic achievement at the same time? (我是如何在提高孩子的自信心的同时提高他的学习成绩的？)”以及文章第五段“One year I came up with a bright idea. I told all my students, “You were chosen to be in my class because I am the best teacher and you are the best students. They put us all together so we could show everybody else how to do it.” And I gave them a saying: “I am somebody. I was somebody when I came. I’ll be a better somebody when I leave. I am powerful , and I am strong. I deserve the education that I get here.” (有一年，我想到了一个好主意。我告诉我所有的学生：“你们被选来上我的课，因为我是最好的老师，你们是最好的学生。他们把我们聚在一起，这样我们就可以向其他人展示如何做到这一点。”我给了他们一句话：“我是个大人物。我来的时候是个大人物。当我离开时，我会成为一个更好的人。我很强大，我很坚强。我值得在这里接受教育。”)”可推断出，作者通过帮助学生建立自信来帮助学生提升自己。故选A。 40．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Teaching and learning should bring joy. How powerful would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion! Every child deserves a champion. An adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the power of connection, insists that they become the best that they can possibly be. (教与学应该带来快乐。如果我们的孩子不害怕冒险，不害怕思考，有一个冠军，我们的世界将会多么强大！每个孩子都值得拥有一个冠军。一个永远不会放弃他们的成年人，一个懂得联系的力量的成年人，坚持让他们成为最好的自己。)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述的是作者认为教与学都应该带来快乐。而每个孩子都值得拥有一个冠军来带领他们成为最好的自己。故选A。 Passage 11 （20-21高一下·山东济南·期末）Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them. But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships. Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words with Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other. Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台). In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger. “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual (虚拟的) worlds, we will have little time for our real-world friendships,” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need someone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand. You would like to talk face to face. 41．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To summarize the text. B．To tell about true friends. C．To bring up a discussion. D．To encourage online friendship. 42．What does the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3? A．In any case. B．In person. C．In this way. D．In advance. 43．What is Katie`s attitude towards online communication? A．Worried. B．Unconcerned. C．Confused. D．Positive. 44．What view does Rosen hold? A．It`s wise to turn to friends online. B．It`s easier to develop friendships in reality. C．Teenagers need to focus on real-world friendships. D．Social media help people stay closely connected. 【答案】41．C 42．B 43．D 44．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。如今人们会花费大量时间在网络社交上，文章对网络社交的优缺点进行了讨论。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.(13岁的Kaylee有很多朋友，如果算上她的网上朋友，实际上是532。她花了很多时间和他们在一起。)”和第二段第一句“But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely?(但有没有可能是凯莉的网上朋友让她感到孤独呢？)”和第三段第一句“Could this be true?(这是真的吗？)”可知，第一段阐述了一种社会现象，目的是提出一个讨论的话题，从而引出下文对于这个话题的讨论。故选C。 42．词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words with Friends on their phones.(孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是在手机上玩“填字游戏”。)”可知，此处是指和朋友们面对面在一起玩，所以in the fresh意为“当面”。故选B。 43．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger.(事实上，在很多方面，在线交流可以使友谊更加牢固。)”和第二句中的“There’s definitely a positive influence.(这绝对是一个积极的影响。)”可知，凯蒂对网上交流的态度是积极的。故选D。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的“If we are constantly checking in with our virtual (虚拟的) words, we will have little time for our real-world friendships(如果我们不停地查看虚拟世界，我们就没有多少时间来维持现实世界的友谊)”和最后一句“You would like to talk face to face.(你会想要面对面交谈。)”可知，罗森的观点是青少年需要关注现实世界的友谊。故选C。 Passage 12 （22-23高一下·贵州黔东南·期末）A short while ago, I lost access to my We Chat account.I am not sure why it wouldn’t let me log in; perhaps it was my ancient, out-of-date phone. But I wasn’t upset because it offered me an opportunity to take a break from social media-something more and more people are doing. In the United States, Twitter and Facebook has seen a 44 percent decline among its younger users. Stars such as Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeren have taken a break from social media because they were tired of so many Internet trolls leaving negative comments. Ordinary people (like me) are turning away from it because of the feeling that they were spending more time online and enjoying less. It is not unusual for people to spend two or three hours a day posting or reading posts, to the point where it becomes an addiction.And it is an addiction. There is a chemical in your brain known as dopamine (多巴胺) which is sometimes called the “reward molecule”and its release gives you a feeling of pleasure. For instance, when you post a photo on We Chat and get a hundred likes, you feel happy. That’s dopamine at work. In my case, being off We Chat is actually an added bonus. No doubt I missed my dopamine. And I got e-mails from friends wondering if I was fine or if I was just being anti-social. But I soon began to feel quite peaceful and started to worry less about what other people were doing and concentrate more on my personal life. And I’m getting better sleep at night. I’m not advocating that all of you quit social media, but spending less time on these platforms does bring you advantages. 45．How did the author feel after he lost access to We Chat account? A．Calm. B．Worried. C．Disappointed. D．Surprised. 46．Why does the author list famous stars in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the importance of social media. B．To compare them with ordinary people. C．To give examples of quitting online platforms. D．To show the popularity of social media. 47．What does the underlined word probably mean? A．Desire. B．Benefit. C．Mission. D．Joy. 48．What might the author continue talking about? A．How to form good online habits. B．How to use social media properly. C．How to be smart online learners. D．How to cut down the time spent online. 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。如今越来越多的人暂时远离社交媒体，因为厌倦了网络喷子留下的负面评论或者觉得上网时间过长，影响了实际的个人生活。作者暂时离开微信后感到平静，开始更关注自己的生活，睡眠质量也有所提高， 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“A short while ago，I lost access to my We Chat account.I am not sure why it wouldn’t let me log in;perhaps it was my ancient，out-of-date phone.But I wasn’t upset because it offered me an opportunity to take a break from social media-something more and more people are doing. (不久前，我的微信账号无法访问了。我不知道为什么它不让我登录；也许是我那部旧的、过时的手机出了问题。但我并不沮丧，因为这给了我一个从社交媒体中休息一下的机会——越来越多的人都在这么做。)”，以及倒数第二段“But I soon began to feel quite peaceful and started to worry less about what other people were doing and concentrate more on my personal life. (但我很快就开始感到非常平静，开始不那么担心别人在做什么，而是更多地关注自己的个人生活。)”可知，在作者无法访问自己的微信账号后，作者没有沮丧，内心平静，故选A项。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the United States，Twitter and Facebook has seen a 44 percent decline among its younger users. Stars such as Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeren have taken a break from social media because they were tired of so many Internet trolls leaving negative comments. (在美国，Twitter和Facebook的年轻用户数量下降了44%。泰勒·斯威夫特和艾德·希林等明星已经暂时远离社交媒体，因为他们厌倦了太多网络喷子留下的负面评论。)”可知，第二段陈述了美国很多用户退出Twitter和Facebook，作者列出了远离社交媒体的著名的明星。目的是举一些退出网络平台的例子。故选C项。 47．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“I’m not advocating that all of you quit social media, but spending less time on these platforms does bring you advantages.(并不是主张大家都放弃社交媒体，但减少在这些平台上的时间确实会给你带来advantages。)”可知，作者认为完全放弃社交媒体时没有必要的，说明社交媒体多多少少给人带来了负面影响，所以减少一点上网时间会给人带来好处，advantages与Benefit意思相近。故选B项。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m not advocating that all of you quit social media, but spending less time on these platforms does bring you advantages. (并不是主张大家都放弃社交媒体，但减少在这些平台上的时间确实会给你带来好处。)”可知，接下来作者可能会谈一下如何减少上网时间，故选D项。 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$