2025届高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(05) 讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法： 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2、 高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练 【出自：广东省深圳市外国语学校2024届高三下学期第九次模拟考试英语试题】 There’s a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect. That’s where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. What’s more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK. This bias(偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage. In Australia, people who admitted to poaching thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law. They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms. Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help. Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”, or to publicly buy eco-friendly products. As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors. Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article! 1. What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems? A. Downplay social norms. B. Publicize sustainable practices. C. Highlight personal responsibilities. D. Encourage technological innovations 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems? 解决环境问题的建议方法是什么? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors. Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article! 段落翻译：正如研究证据所表明的那样，社会规范可以成为鼓励和普及环境友好行为的强大力量。也许你可以分享这篇文章! 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems? 解决环境问题的建议方法是什么 A. Downplay social norms. 淡化社会规范 B. Publicize sustainable practices.宣传可持续发展的做法。Sustainable practice=social norm社会标准（上下义关系同义替换） C. Highlight personal responsibilities. 突出个人责任。 D. Encourage technological innovations鼓励技术创新 【小科普】间接信息题：间接信息题的答案，往往不是文章细节在选项中的简单重现，而是需要考生对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再做进一步推理，进行合理化推断或转换，然后才能得到准确答案。 【出自：广东省深圳市外国语学校2024届高三下学期第九次模拟考试英语试题】 A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other. The researchers have found people have more efficient conversations, use more positive language and perceive each other more positively when using an Al-enabled chat tool. However, the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative. “I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively just because they suspect you’ re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.” For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. On average, smart replies accounted for 14.3% of sent messages. But participants who their partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI. “While Al might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by using text-generating Al, you’re giving up some of your own personal voice.” Malte Jung, an associate professor, said, “What we observe in this study is the impact that Al has on social dynamics and some of the unintended consequences that could result from integrat- ing AI in social contexts. This suggests that whoever controls the algorithm(算法) may have influence on people’s interactions, language and insights into each other.” 1. Which statement does Hohenstein agree with? A. Al always expresses in ways you expect. B. Algorithm will never influence people’s insights. C. Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation. D. You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. Which statement does Hohenstein agree with? Hohenstein同意哪个说法? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） But participants who their partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI. who引导定语从句修饰participants 但是，与那些被认为是自己打字回复的参与者相比，那些被伴侣怀疑回复聪明的参与者受到的评价更为负面，这与关于人工智能负面影响的普遍假设是一致的。 “While Al might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by using text-generating Al, you’re giving up some of your own personal voice.” “虽然人工智能可以帮助你写作，”海恩斯坦说，“但它会以你意想不到的方式改变你的语言，尤其是让你听起来更积极。”这表明，通过使用文本生成人工智能，你放弃了一些自己的个人声音。” 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. Which statement does Hohenstein agree with? Hohenstein同意哪个说法? A. Al always expresses in ways you expect.艾尔总是用你期望的方式表达。 B. Algorithm will never influence people’s insights.算法永远不会影响人们的洞察力。 C. Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation.在对话中使用人工智能会影响信任。 （ you’re giving up some of your own personal voice.你放弃了一些自己的声音。正话反说，反过来就是说咱们被人工智能给利用了） D. You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation.在对话中使用人工智能可以恢复声音。 【小科普】正话反说法：把原文中句子的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项，常用于"选择错误的选项"这种题型中。但是实质上这是正确选项 Sugar was my first choice when I was sad or happy, and the dependency and health consequences made it my abuser even as early as age five. For over twenty years after seven, every weight loss intervention failed me, leaving me feeling hopeless. I was fourteen when I went to my first weight-loss camp. I knew that I would regain all the weight I'd lost when I went home. A little voice inside me whispered. “You should help people. You should make a program that really works.” That voice got louder with each failed diet. It sparked a need to help others who were struggling like me. Eventually, I recognized that my issue was sugar. I broke up with sugar and dieting and found a way to heal my relationship with food. I finally created a program that would help people in the way that I had needed desperately all along. That program took off. My clients discovered that their relationships with food could be loving and sustainable. As a result, I was often encouraged to take my message to a larger platform. But when l finally was committed to sharing my story with the world, I knew that I had to tell it all leaving no stone unturned. My friend Rumi said, “The wound is the place where the light enters you.” Finally, I was ready to tell my story, shining a big and bright light on all the wounds. With anxiety screaming in my ear, I made progress and wrote Breaking Up with Sugar. Now, I receive daily e-mails from readers telling me that they finally feel heard and understood. They're hopeful for the first time in their lives. To me, this is the truest meaning of life—to be truly healthy and loving. Th greatest lesson I've learned on this journey is that. by embracing my truth, loving and sharing it, I am able to become the best version of myself—someone whom I love and cherish. 1. What was the author aware of at her first weight loss camp? A. She had eating problems B. She would be abused there. C. She was badly in need of help. D. She would gain weight after that. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1.What was the author aware of at her first weight loss camp? 作者在她的第一个减肥营中意识到了什么 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） I was fourteen when I went to my first weight-loss camp. I knew that I would regain all the weight I'd lost when I went home. A little voice inside me whispered. “You should help people. You should make a program that really works.” That voice got louder with each failed diet. It sparked a need to help others who were struggling like me. 我第一次参加减肥营是在14岁。我知道我回家后减掉的体重会全部反弹回来。我内心有个小小的声音在低语。“你应该帮助别人。你应该制定一个真正有效的计划。”每一次节食失败，这种声音就会越来越大。这激发了我去帮助其他像我一样挣扎的人的需求。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1. What was the author aware of at her first weight loss camp?作者在她的第一个减肥营中意识到了什么? A. She had eating problems 她有饮食问题 B. She would be abused there.她在那里会受到虐待。 C. She was badly in need of help. 她急需帮助。 D. She would gain weight after that.在那之后，她的体重会增加。 I knew that I would regain all the weight I'd lost when I went home. 我知道我回家后减掉的体重会全部反弹回来。原词对应！ 2. Why did the author create a program' A. To cope with her dependency on sugar B. To make weight loss her lifelong career C. To strengthen the effect gained at camps D. To help people having the same problem as her 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. Why did the author create a program' 作者为什么要创建一个程序? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） I was fourteen when I went to my first weight-loss camp. I knew that I would regain all the weight I'd lost when I went home. A little voice inside me whispered. “You should help people. You should make a program that really works.” That voice got louder with each failed diet. It sparked a need to help others who were struggling like me. 我第一次参加减肥营是在14岁。我知道我回家后减掉的体重会全部反弹回来。我内心有个小小的声音在低语。“你应该帮助别人。你应该制定一个真正有效的计划。”每一次节食失败，这种声音就会越来越大。这激发了我去帮助其他像我一样挣扎的人的需求。 Eventually, I recognized that my issue was sugar. I broke up with sugar and dieting and found a way to heal my relationship with food. I finally created a program that would help people in the way that I had needed desperately all along. 最终，我意识到我的问题是糖。我不再吃糖，不再节食，找到了一种方法来治愈我与食物的关系。我最终创建了一个项目，以我一直迫切需要的方式帮助人们。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2.Why did the author create a program' 作者为什么要创建一个程序 A. To cope with her dependency on sugar 为了克服她对糖的依赖 B. To make weight loss her lifelong career让减肥成为她的终身事业 C. To strengthen the effect gained at camps 加强在营地取得的效果 D. To help people having the same problem as her． 去帮助那些和她有同样问题的人 It sparked a need to help others who were struggling like me. 句子分析：who引导定语从句修饰others I finally created a program that would help people in the way that I had needed desperately all along. That引导定语从句修饰the way 我最终创建了一个项目，以我一直迫切需要的方式帮助人们。 所以这是原句替换；D选项当选 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$