2025届高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练（02）讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法： 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2、 高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练 【出处：山东师范大学附属中学2024届高三下学期6月考前适应性测试英语试题】 For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished（贫困的）areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn’t possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation. Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master’s degree in Pediatric Dentistry（儿童口腔学）when a journey to his father’s home — Balsabo in Brazil—converted his initial plan. “All locals didn’t have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open.” Felipe Rossi recalled. “A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems.” With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO（non-government organization）called Porsorriso to give free oral treatment s to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil. Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity’ program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country. As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is “struggling to survive” because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. “Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face”. Felipe said with a strong will. 1.What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians? A．The support from his parents. B．The passion for dental health. C．The encounter with locals lacking dental care. D．The professional skills and knowledge from college. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1. What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians? 问的角度是what,问的是Dental treatment 关键人物是Felipe和brazilians 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished（贫困的）areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn’t possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation. 题干原词对应：dentist=dental；上下义关系同义替换 treatment=check-up 段落翻译：对我们中的一些人来说，去牙医那里做例行检查是一件很平常的事情。但对于世界各地的许多人来说，特别是那些生活在贫困地区(贫困的)的人来说，牙齿改善和牙齿检查根本是不可能的。巴西牙医费利佩·罗西致力于帮助改变这种状况。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1.What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatment s to Brazilians? 是什么促使费利佩为巴西人提供牙科治疗 A．The support from his parents.父母的支持。 B．The passion for dental health.对牙齿健康的热情 C．The encounter with locals lacking dental care.遇到缺乏牙齿护理的当地人。 D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.大学的专业技能和知识。 考察的是转折逻辑+近义句子同义替换。 2．What do we know about Porsorriso? A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need. B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority. C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals. D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2. What do we know about Porsorriso? 2.我们对Porsorriso了解多少? 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO（non-government organization）called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil. Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity’ program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country. 段落翻译：在父母的支持下，费利佩成立了一个名为Porsorriso的非政府组织，为需要清洁的低收入人群提供免费口腔治疗。填充物、牙冠、修复工作等等。他的团队由大约30名注册志愿者组成，他们和他一起前往巴西的贫困城镇和村庄。 赞助通常由两家私人公司提供。个人也可以通过“微笑团结”计划捐款，他们可以选择每月的捐款数额。Porsorriso还定期举行筹款活动来支付费用 首先找到P字开头的组织到底是个什么组织 然后逐个与选项信息进行对应 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2.What do we know about Porsorriso? 我们对Porsorriso了解多少? A． It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.它为任何有需要的人提供免费的口腔治疗。 （选项错误！不是anyone in need任何有需要的人；而是 individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more.需要清洁的低收入人士。填充物、牙冠、修复工作等等低收入人群，整体代部分） B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.它是由费利佩·罗西和当地政府合作的。（选项错误，这是一个非官方组织non governmental organization) C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.它由公司和个人提供资金支持。(选项正确！考察的是同义替换，financially supported= sponsor; corporation=company; Individual原词对应） D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.它定期举办募捐活动来教育人们关于牙齿保健的知识。 （选项错误，不是educate people about dental care教授人们关于牙齿保健的知识，而是 afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.承担在全国各地提供免费牙科服务的费用。） 【真题链接（2023年全国高考英语乙卷）-对象细节信息匹配】 （出自高考英语阅读C篇） What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. D. It deserves a high reputation. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 What do people usually think of British food? 人们通常如何看待英国食物? 问的角度是what；问的内容是british food； 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 段落翻译：当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么?可能是鱼和薯条，或者是星期天的晚餐，肉和两种蔬菜。但是英国食物真的那么无趣吗?尽管英国的烹饪素以平庸著称，但它正在培养出更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常登上畅销书排行榜。 难句分析： Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. Who,whose引导定语从句修饰top class chef 翻译：尽管英国的烹饪素以平庸著称，但它正在培养出更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常登上畅销书排行榜。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) What do people usually think of British food? 人们通常如何看待英国食物? A.It is simple and plain. 它简单明了。 B.It is rich in nutrition.它营养丰富。 C.It lacks authentic tastes.它缺乏正宗的味道。 D. It deserves a high reputation.它理应享有很高的声誉。 近义词同义替换：simple and plain= uninteresting=less than impressive 【出自：山东师范大学附属中学2024届高三下学期6月考前适应性测试英语试题】 Scientists have figured out how to obtain abundant amounts of oil from duckweed（浮萍）, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Changing such plant oil into biofuels for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, led by Shanklin, a biochemist, in the Plant Biotechnology Journal, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil : per acre than soybeans—currently the most commonly used biofuel-producing plant. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels can be regained faster than they are used. Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils, animal fat can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do, depending on how they are sourced, but there has been a recent opposition against them. This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food. Besides, biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants per acre, and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source mainly because of the fact that it grows readily in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Moreover, Shanklin and his team found a way to sidestep a major biotechnological hurdle. According to Rebecca Roston, a biochemist at the University of Nebraska, who was not involved in the study, engineered green plants typically expend a lot of energy on oil production and thus stop growing. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene that would be inactive at first, and then “turn it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule（分子）only when the plant had finished growing. This process “went fabulously well,” Roston says. “If it works in other species, this can solve one of our biggest issues, which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.” 1．What can be learned about Duckweed plants from the text? A．They have vital nutrients for humans. B．They pose threat to agricultural lands. C They are engineered to make biofuels. D．They absorb less carbon than soybeans. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 1.What can be learned about Duckweed plants from the text? 从文中可以了解到浮萍植物的哪些信息? 问的是浮萍植物；问的角度是what；推敲这有可能是信息收集 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） Scientists have figured out how to obtain abundant amounts of oil from duckweed（浮萍）, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Changing such plant oil into biofuels for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, led by Shanklin, a biochemist, in the Plant Biotechnology Journal, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil : per acre than soybeans—currently the most commonly used biofuel-producing plant. 首先根据关键词duckweed plants浮萍植物 段落大意：科学家们已经找到了从浮萍(浮萍)中获取大量石油的方法，浮萍是自然界中生长最快的水生植物之一。将这种植物油转化为用于运输和供暖的生物燃料可能是一个更可持续的未来的重要组成部分。生物化学家尚克林领导的一项新研究发表在《植物生物技术杂志》上，研究人员对浮萍植物进行基因改造，使其每英亩产油量是大豆的7倍，而大豆是目前最常用的生物燃料生产植物。 难句分析：For a new study, led by Shanklin, a biochemist, in the Plant Biotechnology Journal, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil : per acre than soybeans—currently the most commonly used biofuel-producing plant. led by Shanklin过去分词作定语修饰a new study； a biochemist作同位语补充修饰shanklin 翻译：生物化学家尚克林领导的一项新研究发表在《植物生物技术杂志》上，研究人员对浮萍植物进行基因改造，使其每英亩产油量是大豆的7倍，而大豆是目前最常用的生物燃料生产植物。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 1.What can be learned about Duckweed plants from the text? 从文中可以了解到浮萍植物的哪些信息? A．They have vital nutrients for humans.它们为人类提供了至关重要的营养。 B．They pose threat to agricultural lands.它们对农业用地构成威胁 C They are engineered to make biofuels.它们被设计用来制造生物燃料。 D．They absorb less carbon than soybeans.它们吸收的碳比大豆少。 关键词原词替换：engineered原词对应；近义词同义替换：make biofuels=produce biofuels 2．What can we learn from what Rebecca Roston said A．The gene activation method is promising. B．Roston participated in Shanklin’s research. C．Biofuel production will cease plant growth. D．Biofuel production competes with food crops. 第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向 2.What can we learn from what Rebecca Roston said 我们能从丽贝卡·罗斯顿的话中学到什么 问的是what什么角度；主体是rebecca roston 说过的话 第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系） According to Rebecca Roston, a biochemist at the University of Nebraska, who was not involved in the study, engineered green plants typically expend a lot of energy on oil production and thus stop growing. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene that would be inactive at first, and then “turn it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule（分子）only when the plant had finished growing. 首先通过关键词rebecca roston 定位到段落 段落翻译：内布拉斯加州大学(University of Nebraska)的生物化学家丽贝卡·罗斯顿(Rebecca Roston)没有参与这项研究，她说，经过改造的绿色植物通常在生产石油上消耗大量能量，因此停止生长。Shanklin说，在这项新研究中，研究人员添加了一种产油基因，这种基因一开始是不活跃的，然后只有在植物生长结束时，通过引入一种特定的分子(分子)，“像开关一样打开它”。 第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说) 2．What can we learn from what Rebecca Roston said 我们能从丽贝卡·罗斯顿的话中学到什么 A．The gene activation method is promising.基因激活法是一种很有前途的方法。 B．Roston participated in Shanklin’s research.罗斯顿参加了尚克林的研究。 C．Biofuel production will cease plant growth.生物燃料的生产将使植物停止生长。 D．Biofuel production competes with food crops.生物燃料生产与粮食作物竞争。 定义信息归纳同义替换：promising= turn it on like a light switch；gene activation=introducing a particular molecule（分子）only when the plant had finished growing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$