第04讲 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 -【暑假自学课】2024年暑假高二英语提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第04讲 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 ( 学习目标 ) 内容 要求 阅读理解 1. 阅读理解细节理解题解题方法 2. 阅读理解词义猜测题解题方法 3. 阅读理解应用文与记叙文阅读思路 ( 知识讲解 ) 一、阅读理解细节理解题 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 1. 掌握技巧,灵活运用 细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。 2. 变通理解,间接转述找答案 细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。 3. 多点归纳,综合事实找答案 细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。 典例一 （2023·湖南怀化·高二期中）Cambridge Summer School The Cambridge Scholars’ Programme helps intelligent high school students pursue their passions, prepare for university, explore Britain and Paris, build their confidence and have lots of fun making friends from around the world. Choose Your Courses For 2023 Course Selections Click to pick which week(s) you wish to attend. You can pick both. You can then select your course options? One Week: Saturday, July 15th—Saturday, July 22nd. $2995 Two Week: Saturday, July 22nd—Sunday, August 6th. $5995 Paris: Sunday, August 6th—Friday, August 11th Why should intelligent high school students apply for Cambridge summer school? Our aim is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures. We help you achieve more through: Outstanding Education Learn from a wide variety of interesting subjects going beyond the school courses to help prepare you for university learning. Pick and mix from our diverse course list to pursue your passion or try out different subjects to find your favourite. University Preparation Live and study in a beautiful Cambridge college to help you prepare for the independence of university life. Practice making new friends, gain experience living away from home, and be inspired by our historic college setting. Cultural Trips Learn about British history and culture on our many trips—and optionally continue on to Paris. Visit castles, palaces, museums, cathedrals and more. Enriching Activities Quickly make new friends and create lifelong memories. Pick enriching afternoon activities and have fun in the evenings. We let you pick and choose your courses from our wide selection, so that you can try a range of subjects according to your interests. Unlike many summer schools that save costs by hiring inexperienced students to teach, we only hire the best teaching staff. Our courses help to bridge the gap between school and university, teaching skills and pushing your academic horizons. 1．Who is the programme suitable for? A．Kindergarten students. B．Elementary school students. C．Undergraduates. D．Pre-college students. 2．Which is NOT the advantage of the school’s academics? A．Low prices. B．Experienced tutors. C．Preparation for college. D．Wide range and flexibility. 3．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．A booklet. B．A website. C．A film script. D．An academic article. 二、阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。 平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。 1. 单词或短语意义猜测 上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法： (1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 (2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 (3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 (4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 （6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 2. 猜测代替词所替代的内容 就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 3.  句意猜测题 意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下： (1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。 (2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 典例二 （2023·江苏南京·高二期中）Jason Allen, a video game designer in Pueblo, Colorado, spent about 80 hours working on his entry to the Colorado State Fair's digital arts competition. Judges awarded him first place, which came with a $300 prize. Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images. He says he also made that clear to state fair officials when he dropped off his submission (提交) called Théátre D'péra Spatial. Colorado's 150-year-old state fair is held each summer in Pueblo, a town about 185 kilometers south of Denver. The fair's submission guide lines do not directly mention AI-generated art, but they define (定义) digital arts as “artistic practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process.” The competition's two judges say they were unaware that Allen had used AI to create his piece. But even if they had known, they still would've given him first place. They said they awarded the top prize based on the story Théátre D'péra Spatial tells, as well as the spirit it inspires. Allen created Théátre D'péra Spatial by entering various words and phrased into Midjourney, which then produced more than 900 versions for him to choose from. He selected his three favorite, then continued adjusting them in Photo shop until he was satisfied. He boosted their resolution (分辨率) using a tool called Gigapixel and printed the works on canvas. He entered all three pieces into the competition, and one of them won. Allen said he believes the criticism of his work originate from artist s' fear that technology will one day become so advanced that they'll be out of jobs. In the meantime, as state fair spokesperson alga Robak says, it's bringing out “a broader conversation about how we decide what art is, and how we judge it appropriately.” 19．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Taking a turn. B．Revealing the truth online. C．Turning text descriptions into images. D．Applying an AI program to the creation. 20．Why did the two judges award alien first place? A．He followed guide lines for AI-generated art. B．They were unaware of the use of ad in his piece. C．He is a pioneer of using digital technology in creation. D．They are impressed with the ideas that his work presents. 21．What is paragraph mainly about? A．How Allen created his works. B．What all technologies alien used. C．Why Allen chose to employ Midjourney. D．Where the advantage of Allen's works lay. 22．According to the text, Allen's victory ___________ A．costs artists their jobs B．helps enhance AI technology C．ensures fairness in arts competitions D．generates a discussion on defining art ( 巩固练习 ) 一、 （22-23高二上·江苏南京·开学考试）Borrowing Rules of Some Public Libraries General Borrowing Rules Borrowing Periods *3 weeks for books and magazines *2 weeks for new books *1 week for entertainment DVDs *1 week for documentary DVDs *3 days for new DVDs(with stickers) Renewals (续借) All items except DVDs, Interlibrary Loan items, and new books may be renewed once if no one is waiting for them. Renewals may be made by calling 794-4244 ext. 4721. Limits on Borrowing Rules Adults(18 and over)may borrow *30 items total from any of the Vineland, Bridgeton, and Millville libraries *5 books from Vineland Public Library on any one topic for 3 weeks *4 entertainment DVDs for 1 week *4 documentary DVDs for 1 week *6 magazines for 3 weeks First-time borrowers are limited to 2 items. Children(17 and under)may borrow *30 items total *3 books on one topic *4 videos or DVDs *6 magazines Fines *15 cents per day for adult books, magazines and music CDs *35 cents a day for new books(14-day loan from the New Book shelves) *$2.00 per day for overdue videos and DVDs *10 cents per day on children’s materials and Audio Books *10 cents per day on all other library materials Borrowers are responsible for the replacement cost of any damaged or lost items. A $3 processing fee will also be charged. 1．How long may a borrower keep a new DVD? A．Three days. B．One week. C．Two weeks. D．Three weeks. 2．Who borrow only two items one time? A．Adults. B．Children. C．New borrowers. D．Ones damaging items. 3．How much will a borrower be fined if he keeps a new book for 16 days? A．15 cents. B．30 cents. C．35 cents. D．70 cents. 二、 （23-24高二上·河北承德·开学考试）Discover Our Winter Camps This SeasonSpaces Edu Ages 13-17 Years Are you looking for an exciting and creative way to develop computer skills? Spaces Edu is the perfect course for students who want to bring their imaginations to life by coding(编码)their own VR projects. In this course, students will learn how to create 3D objects and will also learn how to collect information quickly, as well as how to share their creations online and experience them with VR headsets(头戴式耳机). This is an advanced course so some coding experience is necessary. Necessary Life Skills Ages 12-13 Years This course will offer important real-life skills for students which will prepare them for their university. Students will learn how to create their own detailed résumés(简历)as well as how to prepare for interviews so they are prepared and filled with confidence as they take the next steps in life. French through Art & Culture Ages 8-11 Years Join us this spring as we travel in time through the richness of French music, people and colors. Each day, students will build their understanding of the language through a different way. As students become interested in French art and culture they will develop their reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. First Steps Ages 7-12 Years In this introductory course for beginners, students will learn the basics of computer in Python. The course will focus on learning Python programming and then using the knowledge and skills to create computer programs. Using an online learning platform(平台), students will be guided through their learning of Python basics. Students should bring their own computers. 4．Which camp is suitable for students who prepare for college life? A．French through Art & Culture. B．Necessary Life Skills. C．Spaces Edu. D．First Steps. 5．What can students do in French through Art & Culture? A．Improve their French. B．Travel in France. C．Organize an art show. D．Create a 3D painting. 6．What do Spaces Edu and First Steps have in common? A．They are perfect for beginners. B．They are open to students aged 7. C．Computers will be used. D．Free headsets will be provided. 三、 （23-24高二上·山东潍坊·阶段练习）Thousands of books are published daily, and book advertisements play a crucial role in increasing awareness about those books. But it’s too easy to be tricked into bad “advertising opportunities” and make the wrong decisions. Here are several forms of digital advertising proven to work well. Facebook advertising: Facebook provides the perfect advertising platform for authors because it allows targeting very specific categories of people. The other advantage is that it’s easy to test. You can start with a budget as low as $5 and gradually increase your monetary (货币的) commitment if your return on investment is positive. Amazon advertising: Amazon allows you to show ads about your book directly on other book pages and search result pages. Since their main US rollout in 2017, they’ve become the most effective advertising place for authors. Bookbub advertising: Bookbub rolled out a self-serve ad platform in 2016, which they’ve greatly improved since. It’s a less competitive playing field than Facebook or Amazon, but it does have its features. Discount/promotion advertising: If you’re running a discount or free promotion on one of your books, you can apply to have it advertised in the newsletters of platforms such as Freebooksy, Bargainbooksy, etc. Other types of advertising include search advertising, Goodreads advertising, banner ads on websites, etc. These haven’t produced the same effective results for most authors yet, but they could be just as effective (or more) if you write in a certain field. 7．What is special about the Facebook advertising? A．It is easy for authors to access. B．It aims at saving money for readers. C．It allows adjusting investment by profit. D．It includes different categories of information. 8．Which is suitable to promote your book with a discount? A．Facebook. B．Amazon. C．Bookbub. D．Freebooksy. 9．What is the purpose of the text? A．To get readers to buy more books. B．To raise people’s reading awareness. C．To offer authors advertising platforms. D．To help publishers communicate with readers. 四、 （23-24高二上·浙江丽水·阶段练习）I recently visited California’s most-visited national park—Yosemite. Turns out, there is a lot you can do and see over a couple days. Here’s my suggested route, if you decide to make a quick weekend trip to see Yosemite’s wonders. Day 1, Saturday 6 a. m. : Hike the Four Mile Trail to Glacier Point. The 9. 6-mile round trip will take six to eight hours with rest stops, so plan accordingly. Leave early to beat the heat and enjoy the sunrise. Pro tip: Don’t forget to look down-the view of the valley is truly jaw-dropping. 1 p. m. : Hike to Vernal Fall. If you’re looking for lunch, a tasty and efficient spot is Curry Village Pizza Deck. Plus, your next adventure is on the Mist Trail from nearby Happy Isles for a quick 1. 6-mile round-trip visit to Vemal Fall. It’s a nice cool-down hike after your morning workout and offers easy access to year-round falls. 4 p. m. : Learn some history at Yosemite Valley Visitor Center. Every national park visit requires a stop at the visitor center to learn about park’s history and main features. Here, you can check out the Yosemite Village as well, but the real secret is the free bike share program. Download the app and grab a pair of wheels here for your evening exploration. Day 2, Sunday 6 a. m. : Drive up the picturesque Tioga Road. While your feet are recovering from yesterday’s mileage, take a leisurely drive up Tioga Road. Along the 45 miles to Tenaya Lake, take photos at the many viewpoints, but especially at Olmsted Point, which has a less-visited but very cool perspective on Half Dome. Have breakfast or lunch alongside the blue waters of Yosemite’s largest lake before heading back toward the valley. 3 p. m. : Complete your trip with a visit to Yosemite Climbing Museum in Mariposa. At a last stop, visit the charming historical town of Mariposa to check out the long-overdue Yosemite Climbing Museum opened in 2021. The famous climbing history displayed in the museum gave me a new appreciation for Yosemite, a place I can’t wait to return to. 10．Which of the following does the author suggest visiting in the morning? A．Vernal Fall. B．Yosemite Village. C．Tenaya Lake. D．Climbing Museum. 11．According to the author, the best thing to do at Yosemite Valley Visitor Center is __________. A．cycling for evening exploration B．learning about park’s history C．going around the Yosemite Village D．downloading the free bike share app 12．Why is Olmsted Point a good place to take photos? A．Because it’s a less-visited place but with picturesque scenery. B．Because it’s a place offering a better view of Half Dome. C．Because it’s a rest stop for visitors to have breakfast or lunch. D．Because it’s not such a place that is flooded with visitors taking photos. 五、 （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·开学考试）Have you ever thought how good it would be if an unfinished handwork project, which stopped because the owner passed away, could be lovingly completed? Friends and knitters (编织者) Jennifer Simonic and Masey Kaplan started the Loose Ends Project in September 2022. The pair match “volunteer finishers” with unfinished projects online so they can carefully complete them and then return them to the people they were being made for. It all started when founders, Simonic and Kaplan, realized that they had both been asked by friends to finish knitting hats, sweaters or other unfinished projects by their moms. When more friends asked them for help, they felt it would be a good idea to “have strangers be able to finish things for each other”. Helping strangers this way, which also assists (帮助) them to get through their grieving process, was something that the two had happily agreed to do, understanding how wonderful it feels to be dressed in something a loved one has created. Adding a moving couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight (突出) the last stitch (针) worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work. In just a few months, Loose Ends has built up a global team of over 7, 000 volunteers. New volunteers are asked to share their skill sets and interests. When Loose Ends receives a project, the founders determine a good fit based on these skills. The Loose Ends team will let the volunteers try the work to “check if they’re feeling it too”, as Simonic and Kaplan never want the work to be a boring task. Volunteers do not charge for their work, while families are only asked to cover the delivery costs. The group tries to match projects to volunteers living nearby to reduce the delivery costs to the lowest. 13．What is the goal of the Loose Ends Project? A．To promote handwork art. B．To sell handwork products online. C．To complete unfinished handwork projects. D．To recycle good handwork projects. 14．What does the underlined word “grieving” mean in paragraph 4? A．Touching B．Amazing C．Unforgettable D．Painful 15．What extra step may volunteers do with unfinished works? A．They may make a special design for the last stitch. B．They may mark the original maker’s last stitch. C．They may add receivers’ information on them. D．They may sign their names on the works. 16．Which of the following can best describe the service of the Loose Ends Project? A．Quick B．Tiring C．Safe D．Thoughtful 六、 （23-24高二上·河南·期中）“Will you go on this ride with me? ”my friend’s eleven-year-old daughter Jenny asked. I could have made up an excuse for not wanting to have a go. But earlier that morning, I was ready to push myself out of my comfort zone. Jenny stared at the ride, eager to experience the same excitement as the brave group of riders in front of us. I couldn’t say no. After climbing into our seats, an attendant reached up, pulled down the bar, and locked it in place. The ride lifted us slowly, then turned us over like the blueberry pancakes I had eaten three hours earlier, and hoped to keep in their proper place. As I stared at the concrete directly below us, I had a sudden feeling of great fear. I wondered if I had replacement coverage for the phone that I was sure would slip out of my pocket and break into a million tiny pieces. I wondered when my new health insurance would kick in. The ride touched down after twisting and turning our bodies. My friend was waiting for us at the exit. “How was it?” she asked. “Fine. No big deal,” I said, even though my head was spinning(旋转)like one of the other annoying machines dotting the midway. Jenny walked ahead of us and convinced me to keep taking chances and sample more rides. “Oh, look at the pirate ship(海盗船)!” she said. “That looks like a calm ride.” “Let’s go, Auntie!” she said as she rushed to join others in line. I followed her, confident the ride would be uneventful. When I reached the bottom, I tapped out like a WWF wrestler admitting defeat. Although my body was shaking and my head was still spinning, I felt exhilarated just like I was on cloud nine. That morning, I had set a goal, taken my first step to reach it, and felt the joy of achievement. Each time you try something for the first time, you will grow—a little piece of the fear of the unknown is removed and replaced with a sense of satisfaction. 17．What made the author decide to try riding with Jenny? A．The desired look in Jenny’s eyes. B．The curiosity about the unknown. C．The encouragement from other riders. D．The eagerness to experience something exciting. 18．What happened to the author when she was in the high sky? A．She lost her phone. B．She got into a panic. C．She was served pancakes. D．She almost fell off the seat. 19．What does the underlined word “exhilarated” in paragraph 7 mean? A．Occupied. B．Excited. C．Confused. D．Disappointed. 20．What message does the story convey? A．He who hesitates is lost. B．It’s never too late to learn. C．One’s potential can’t always be underrated. D．It’s worthwhile to get out of your comfort zone. 七、 （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·月考）The lunch in the back room of a dull Moscow restaurant consisted of small bites of food and large shots of vodka. Musk had arrived that morning with Adeo Ressi and Jim Cantrell on their search to buy a used Russian rocket for their mission to Mars. After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table. That evening, slightly recovered, Musk and his companions met with another group in Moscow selling used missiles. That encounter turned out to be equally odd. The Russian in charge was missing a front tooth, so whenever he spoke loudly, which was often, spit would fly out in Musk’s direction. At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary (多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us?” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.” Despite the clown show, Musk and Cantrell decided to return to Russia in early 2002. Ressi didn’t come, but Justine did. This time Musk focused on buying two Dnepr rockets, which were old missiles. The more he negotiated, the higher the price went. He finally thought he had a deal to pay $18 million for two Dneprs. But then they said no, it was $18 million for each. “That’s insane!” he says. The Russians then suggested maybe it would be $21 million each. “They taunted him,” Cantrell recalls. “They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money?’” It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious (大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond. 21．What happened during the lunch in the Moscow restaurant? A．Musk got seriously drunk. B．Musk bought a used rocket. C．Musk was hit on the head. D．Musk made lots of friends. 22．How did Musk react when the Russian spat at him? A．Embarrassed. B．Shocked. C．Anxious. D．Ashamed. 23．What does the underlined word “taunt” mean? A．Try to annoy. B．Try to inspire. C．Try to amuse. D．Try to disappoint. 24．What lesson can you learn from this passage? A．Money can’t buy everything. B．Constant dripping wears away a stone. C．Repetition plays a critical role in success. D．Frustration can sometimes be a stepping stone. 八、 （23-24高二上·湖北荆门·月考）For Cruz, who grew up in Peru’s mountainous region of Cuzco, fog represents a massive opportunity. As a boy, he had to hike for more than an hour every day across hills to collect water from the nearest source. But over time, he realized that during the rainy season, droplets of water would gather in the large leaves of banana trees. So one day he and his father tried to build a canal system with the leaves to collect water and it turned out a success. But afterwards, he moved to Lima at the age of 25. There, shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were faced with, Cruz set up El Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. The idea was to deploy the method he learned in his hometown on a larger scale, which would provide free, independently sourced and easily accessible water to those who needed it most. He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that resemble a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. Netted devices, made of high density Raschel polyethylene and spanning several meters wide, are lined up at the top of a misty mound and linked by a network of tubes that lead to storage containers. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink or to irrigate crops on small garden patches. Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world among the ever-challenging circumstances. German researcher Lummerich says, “They are cheap, easy to construct.” In a world searching for water supply systems, it is one important puzzle piece that can make an essential difference locally. However, there are some issues. For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities, let alone urban slums. At the same time, fog catchers must be properly cleaned and maintained to stay effective. Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. Fog isn’t everywhere. 25．What does the underlined word “deploy” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Employ. B．Adjust. C．Design. D．Study. 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The reason why Cruz installed fog catchers. B．The difficulties of constructing a canal system. C．The installation and benefits of fog catchers. D．The inspiration Cruz gained to build a canal system. 27．What is the biggest challenge associated with the use of fog catchers? A．High costs. B．Public opposition. C．Space limitation. D．Climate conditions. 28．What’s the best title for the text? A．Urban Areas: A Struggle for Sufficient Water B．Innovative Water Collection Techniques in Peru C．The Global Water Crisis and Possible Solutions D．Fog Catchers: A Local Solution with Global Potential ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 ( 学习目标 ) 内容 要求 阅读理解 1. 阅读理解细节理解题解题方法 2. 阅读理解词义猜测题解题方法 3. 阅读理解应用文与记叙文阅读思路 ( 知识讲解 ) 一、阅读理解细节理解题 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 1. 掌握技巧,灵活运用 细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。 2. 变通理解,间接转述找答案 细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。 3. 多点归纳,综合事实找答案 细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。 典例一 （2023·湖南怀化·高二期中）Cambridge Summer School The Cambridge Scholars’ Programme helps intelligent high school students pursue their passions, prepare for university, explore Britain and Paris, build their confidence and have lots of fun making friends from around the world. Choose Your Courses For 2023 Course Selections Click to pick which week(s) you wish to attend. You can pick both. You can then select your course options? One Week: Saturday, July 15th—Saturday, July 22nd. $2995 Two Week: Saturday, July 22nd—Sunday, August 6th. $5995 Paris: Sunday, August 6th—Friday, August 11th Why should intelligent high school students apply for Cambridge summer school? Our aim is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures. We help you achieve more through: Outstanding Education Learn from a wide variety of interesting subjects going beyond the school courses to help prepare you for university learning. Pick and mix from our diverse course list to pursue your passion or try out different subjects to find your favourite. University Preparation Live and study in a beautiful Cambridge college to help you prepare for the independence of university life. Practice making new friends, gain experience living away from home, and be inspired by our historic college setting. Cultural Trips Learn about British history and culture on our many trips—and optionally continue on to Paris. Visit castles, palaces, museums, cathedrals and more. Enriching Activities Quickly make new friends and create lifelong memories. Pick enriching afternoon activities and have fun in the evenings. We let you pick and choose your courses from our wide selection, so that you can try a range of subjects according to your interests. Unlike many summer schools that save costs by hiring inexperienced students to teach, we only hire the best teaching staff. Our courses help to bridge the gap between school and university, teaching skills and pushing your academic horizons. 1．Who is the programme suitable for? A．Kindergarten students. B．Elementary school students. C．Undergraduates. D．Pre-college students. 2．Which is NOT the advantage of the school’s academics? A．Low prices. B．Experienced tutors. C．Preparation for college. D．Wide range and flexibility. 3．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．A booklet. B．A website. C．A film script. D．An academic article. 【答案】1．D    2．A    3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是“剑桥学者项目”。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Cambridge Scholars’ Programme helps intelligent high school students pursue their passions, prepare for university, explore Britain and Paris, build their confidence and have lots of fun making friends from around the world.(剑桥学者项目帮助聪明的高中生追求自己的梦想，为上大学做准备，探索英国和巴黎，建立自信，并在结交来自世界各地的朋友中获得很多乐趣。)”可知，该项目适合为上大学做准备的高中生。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We let you pick and choose your courses from our wide selection, so that you can try a range of subjects according to your interests. (我们让你从我们广泛的选择中挑选你的课程，这样你就可以根据你的兴趣尝试一系列的科目。)”可知，在该活动中学生们课程的选择是广泛的；同时根据本段中“Unlike many summer schools that save costs by hiring inexperienced students to teach, we only hire the best teaching staff. (不像许多暑期学校通过雇佣没有经验的学生来教学来节省成本，我们只雇佣最好的教学人员。)”可知，该项目中的教学人员是有着丰富经验的老师；同时根据本段中“Our courses help to bridge the gap between school and university, teaching skills and pushing your academic horizons.(我们的课程有助于弥合学校和大学之间的差距，教授技能，并推动您的学术视野。)”可知，该项目的课程有助于弥合学校和大学之间的差距，即为大学做准备。故A选项“Low prices.(低廉的价格)”并未提及，即并非是该项目的优点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Choose Your Courses For 2023”部分中“Click to pick which week(s) you wish to attend. (请点击选择您希望参加的星期。)”可知，文章出自于网站。故选B。 二、阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。 平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。 1. 单词或短语意义猜测 上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法： (1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 (2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 (3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 (4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 （6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 2. 猜测代替词所替代的内容 就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 3.  句意猜测题 意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下： (1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。 (2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 典例二 （2023·江苏南京·高二期中）Jason Allen, a video game designer in Pueblo, Colorado, spent about 80 hours working on his entry to the Colorado State Fair's digital arts competition. Judges awarded him first place, which came with a $300 prize. Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images. He says he also made that clear to state fair officials when he dropped off his submission (提交) called Théátre D'péra Spatial. Colorado's 150-year-old state fair is held each summer in Pueblo, a town about 185 kilometers south of Denver. The fair's submission guide lines do not directly mention AI-generated art, but they define (定义) digital arts as “artistic practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process.” The competition's two judges say they were unaware that Allen had used AI to create his piece. But even if they had known, they still would've given him first place. They said they awarded the top prize based on the story Théátre D'péra Spatial tells, as well as the spirit it inspires. Allen created Théátre D'péra Spatial by entering various words and phrased into Midjourney, which then produced more than 900 versions for him to choose from. He selected his three favorite, then continued adjusting them in Photo shop until he was satisfied. He boosted their resolution (分辨率) using a tool called Gigapixel and printed the works on canvas. He entered all three pieces into the competition, and one of them won. Allen said he believes the criticism of his work originate from artist s' fear that technology will one day become so advanced that they'll be out of jobs. In the meantime, as state fair spokesperson alga Robak says, it's bringing out “a broader conversation about how we decide what art is, and how we judge it appropriately.” 19．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Taking a turn. B．Revealing the truth online. C．Turning text descriptions into images. D．Applying an AI program to the creation. 20．Why did the two judges award alien first place? A．He followed guide lines for AI-generated art. B．They were unaware of the use of ad in his piece. C．He is a pioneer of using digital technology in creation. D．They are impressed with the ideas that his work presents. 21．What is paragraph mainly about? A．How Allen created his works. B．What all technologies alien used. C．Why Allen chose to employ Midjourney. D．Where the advantage of Allen's works lay. 22．According to the text, Allen's victory ___________ A．costs artists their jobs B．helps enhance AI technology C．ensures fairness in arts competitions D．generates a discussion on defining art 【答案】19．D    20．D    21．A    22．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述Allen是如何使用人工智能创作自己的作品，并取得了胜利，引发如何定义艺术的讨论。 19．词义猜测题。根据划线处上文“Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images.( 当艾伦在网上透露他是用Midjourney(一种可以将文字描述转化为图像的人工智能程序)创作出获奖作品时，他的胜利发生了转折。)”可知that指代上文提到的用人工智能创作作品的这件事，故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据第四段“The competition's two judges say they were unaware that Allen had used AI to create his piece. But even if they had known, they still would've given him first place. They said they awarded the top prize based on the story Théátre D'péra Spatial tells, as well as the spirit it inspires. (比赛的评判员委表示，他们不知道Allen使用了人工智能来创作他的作品。但即使他们知道，他们还是会给他第一名。他们说，他们根据Théátre D'péra Spatial所讲述的故事以及它所激发的精神授予了最高奖项。)” 可知两个评判员对Allen的作品所呈现的思想印象深刻，故选D。 21．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images. He says he also made that clear to state fair officials when he dropped off his submission (提交) called Théátre D'péra Spatial. (当Allen在网上透露他是用Midjourney(一种可以将文字描述转化为图像的人工智能程序)创作出获奖作品时，他的胜利发生了转折。他说，当他递交名为Théátre D'péra Spatial的投稿时，他也向州博览会官员明确表示了这一点。)”可知文章主要讲述Allen是如何创作作品的。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the meantime, as state fair spokesperson alga Robak says, it's bringing out “a broader conversation about how we decide what art is, and how we judge it appropriately.” (与此同时，正如州博览会发言人阿尔加·罗巴克(alga Robak)所说，它引发了“关于我们如何决定什么是艺术，以及我们如何恰当地判断它的更广泛的对话。”)”可知Allen的胜利，产生对艺术定义的讨论，故选D。 ( 巩固练习 ) 一、 （22-23高二上·江苏南京·开学考试）Borrowing Rules of Some Public Libraries General Borrowing Rules Borrowing Periods *3 weeks for books and magazines *2 weeks for new books *1 week for entertainment DVDs *1 week for documentary DVDs *3 days for new DVDs(with stickers) Renewals (续借) All items except DVDs, Interlibrary Loan items, and new books may be renewed once if no one is waiting for them. Renewals may be made by calling 794-4244 ext. 4721. Limits on Borrowing Rules Adults(18 and over)may borrow *30 items total from any of the Vineland, Bridgeton, and Millville libraries *5 books from Vineland Public Library on any one topic for 3 weeks *4 entertainment DVDs for 1 week *4 documentary DVDs for 1 week *6 magazines for 3 weeks First-time borrowers are limited to 2 items. Children(17 and under)may borrow *30 items total *3 books on one topic *4 videos or DVDs *6 magazines Fines *15 cents per day for adult books, magazines and music CDs *35 cents a day for new books(14-day loan from the New Book shelves) *$2.00 per day for overdue videos and DVDs *10 cents per day on children’s materials and Audio Books *10 cents per day on all other library materials Borrowers are responsible for the replacement cost of any damaged or lost items. A $3 processing fee will also be charged. 1．How long may a borrower keep a new DVD? A．Three days. B．One week. C．Two weeks. D．Three weeks. 2．Who borrow only two items one time? A．Adults. B．Children. C．New borrowers. D．Ones damaging items. 3．How much will a borrower be fined if he keeps a new book for 16 days? A．15 cents. B．30 cents. C．35 cents. D．70 cents. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几家公立图书馆借书的规章制度。 1．细节理解题。根据General Borrowing Rules中的“*3 days for new DVDs (*新DVD可以借3天)”可知，新的DVD可以借3天。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“First-time borrowers are limited to 2 items.(首次借书者最多只能借两件物品。)”可知，首次借书者仅限借2个。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据General Borrowing Rules中的“*2 weeks for new books (*新书2周)可知，新书可以借两周时间。再结合Fines中的“*35 cents a day for new books(14-day loan from the New Book shelves) (*新书每天35美分（从新书书架借阅14天）)”可知，新书逾期不还每天罚款35美分。借书者借新书 16天，逾期两天，会被罚款70美分。故选D。 二、 （23-24高二上·河北承德·开学考试）Discover Our Winter Camps This SeasonSpaces Edu Ages 13-17 Years Are you looking for an exciting and creative way to develop computer skills? Spaces Edu is the perfect course for students who want to bring their imaginations to life by coding(编码)their own VR projects. In this course, students will learn how to create 3D objects and will also learn how to collect information quickly, as well as how to share their creations online and experience them with VR headsets(头戴式耳机). This is an advanced course so some coding experience is necessary. Necessary Life Skills Ages 12-13 Years This course will offer important real-life skills for students which will prepare them for their university. Students will learn how to create their own detailed résumés(简历)as well as how to prepare for interviews so they are prepared and filled with confidence as they take the next steps in life. French through Art & Culture Ages 8-11 Years Join us this spring as we travel in time through the richness of French music, people and colors. Each day, students will build their understanding of the language through a different way. As students become interested in French art and culture they will develop their reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. First Steps Ages 7-12 Years In this introductory course for beginners, students will learn the basics of computer in Python. The course will focus on learning Python programming and then using the knowledge and skills to create computer programs. Using an online learning platform(平台), students will be guided through their learning of Python basics. Students should bring their own computers. 4．Which camp is suitable for students who prepare for college life? A．French through Art & Culture. B．Necessary Life Skills. C．Spaces Edu. D．First Steps. 5．What can students do in French through Art & Culture? A．Improve their French. B．Travel in France. C．Organize an art show. D．Create a 3D painting. 6．What do Spaces Edu and First Steps have in common? A．They are perfect for beginners. B．They are open to students aged 7. C．Computers will be used. D．Free headsets will be provided. 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种冬令营活动，讲述了活动适合的年龄段，提供什么服务，活动方式等相关内容。 4．细节理解题。根据Necessary Life Skills中的“This course will offer important real-life skills for students which will prepare them for their university. (本课程将为学生提供重要的现实生活技能，为他们进入大学做准备。)”可知，这个课程主要是为那些为大学做准备的学生们提供重要的真实生活技能。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据French through Art & Culture中的“Each day, students will build their understanding of the language through a different way. As students become interested in French art and culture they will develop their reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. (每天，学生们都会通过不同的方式来加深对语言的理解。当学生对法国艺术和文化产生兴趣时，他们将发展他们的阅读、写作、口语和听力技能。)”可知，它可以帮助学生提高法语水平。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据Spaces Edu中的“In this course, students will learn how to create 3D objects and will also learn how to collect information quickly, as well as how to share their creations online and experience them with VR headsets(头戴式耳机). (在本课程中，学生将学习如何创建3D对象，还将学习如何快速收集信息，以及如何在线分享他们的创作并使用VR头显体验它们。)”可知，在这个课程中,学生们将学习如何创建3D物体，也会学习如何快速收集信息。和First Steps中的“The course will focus on learning Python programming and then using the knowledge and skills to create computer programs. (本课程将侧重于学习Python编程，然后使用这些知识和技能来创建计算机程序。)”可知，两者的共同点为“提供计算机课程”，将使用电脑。故选C。 三、 （23-24高二上·山东潍坊·阶段练习）Thousands of books are published daily, and book advertisements play a crucial role in increasing awareness about those books. But it’s too easy to be tricked into bad “advertising opportunities” and make the wrong decisions. Here are several forms of digital advertising proven to work well. Facebook advertising: Facebook provides the perfect advertising platform for authors because it allows targeting very specific categories of people. The other advantage is that it’s easy to test. You can start with a budget as low as $5 and gradually increase your monetary (货币的) commitment if your return on investment is positive. Amazon advertising: Amazon allows you to show ads about your book directly on other book pages and search result pages. Since their main US rollout in 2017, they’ve become the most effective advertising place for authors. Bookbub advertising: Bookbub rolled out a self-serve ad platform in 2016, which they’ve greatly improved since. It’s a less competitive playing field than Facebook or Amazon, but it does have its features. Discount/promotion advertising: If you’re running a discount or free promotion on one of your books, you can apply to have it advertised in the newsletters of platforms such as Freebooksy, Bargainbooksy, etc. Other types of advertising include search advertising, Goodreads advertising, banner ads on websites, etc. These haven’t produced the same effective results for most authors yet, but they could be just as effective (or more) if you write in a certain field. 7．What is special about the Facebook advertising? A．It is easy for authors to access. B．It aims at saving money for readers. C．It allows adjusting investment by profit. D．It includes different categories of information. 8．Which is suitable to promote your book with a discount? A．Facebook. B．Amazon. C．Bookbub. D．Freebooksy. 9．What is the purpose of the text? A．To get readers to buy more books. B．To raise people’s reading awareness. C．To offer authors advertising platforms. D．To help publishers communicate with readers. 【答案】7．C 8．D 9．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种在书籍推广中常用的几种广告形式，并详细描述了每种广告形式的特点和优势，以及如何使用它们来提高书籍的知名度和销售量。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The other advantage is that it’s easy to test. You can start with a budget as low as $5 and gradually increase your monetary (货币的) commitment if your return on investment is positive.(另一个优点是它很容易测试。你可以从低至5美元的预算开始，如果你的投资回报是积极的，你可以逐渐增加你的资金投入。)”可知，Facebook的广告很容易测试，可以从低预算开始，如果回报很好，就可以增加资金投入。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Discount/promotion advertising: If you’re running a discount or free promotion on one of your books, you can apply to have it advertised in the newsletters of platforms such as Freebooksy, Bargainbooksy, etc.(折扣/促销广告：如果你正在对你的某本书进行折扣或免费促销，你可以申请在Freebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平台的新闻通讯中做广告。)”可知，如果你正在对你的某本书进行折扣或免费促销，你可以申请在Freebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平台的新闻通讯中做广告。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thousands of books are published daily, and book advertisements play a crucial role in increasing awareness about those books. But it’s too easy to be tricked into bad “advertising opportunities” and make the wrong decisions. Here are several forms of digital advertising proven to work well.(每天都有成千上万的书出版，图书广告在提高人们对这些书的认识方面起着至关重要的作用。但是，很容易被欺骗到糟糕的“广告机会”，并做出错误的决定。以下是几种行之有效的数字广告形式。)”可知，文章主要提供了一些有效的数字广告形式。故选C。 四、 （23-24高二上·浙江丽水·阶段练习）I recently visited California’s most-visited national park—Yosemite. Turns out, there is a lot you can do and see over a couple days. Here’s my suggested route, if you decide to make a quick weekend trip to see Yosemite’s wonders. Day 1, Saturday 6 a. m. : Hike the Four Mile Trail to Glacier Point. The 9. 6-mile round trip will take six to eight hours with rest stops, so plan accordingly. Leave early to beat the heat and enjoy the sunrise. Pro tip: Don’t forget to look down-the view of the valley is truly jaw-dropping. 1 p. m. : Hike to Vernal Fall. If you’re looking for lunch, a tasty and efficient spot is Curry Village Pizza Deck. Plus, your next adventure is on the Mist Trail from nearby Happy Isles for a quick 1. 6-mile round-trip visit to Vemal Fall. It’s a nice cool-down hike after your morning workout and offers easy access to year-round falls. 4 p. m. : Learn some history at Yosemite Valley Visitor Center. Every national park visit requires a stop at the visitor center to learn about park’s history and main features. Here, you can check out the Yosemite Village as well, but the real secret is the free bike share program. Download the app and grab a pair of wheels here for your evening exploration. Day 2, Sunday 6 a. m. : Drive up the picturesque Tioga Road. While your feet are recovering from yesterday’s mileage, take a leisurely drive up Tioga Road. Along the 45 miles to Tenaya Lake, take photos at the many viewpoints, but especially at Olmsted Point, which has a less-visited but very cool perspective on Half Dome. Have breakfast or lunch alongside the blue waters of Yosemite’s largest lake before heading back toward the valley. 3 p. m. : Complete your trip with a visit to Yosemite Climbing Museum in Mariposa. At a last stop, visit the charming historical town of Mariposa to check out the long-overdue Yosemite Climbing Museum opened in 2021. The famous climbing history displayed in the museum gave me a new appreciation for Yosemite, a place I can’t wait to return to. 10．Which of the following does the author suggest visiting in the morning? A．Vernal Fall. B．Yosemite Village. C．Tenaya Lake. D．Climbing Museum. 11．According to the author, the best thing to do at Yosemite Valley Visitor Center is __________. A．cycling for evening exploration B．learning about park’s history C．going around the Yosemite Village D．downloading the free bike share app 12．Why is Olmsted Point a good place to take photos? A．Because it’s a less-visited place but with picturesque scenery. B．Because it’s a place offering a better view of Half Dome. C．Because it’s a rest stop for visitors to have breakfast or lunch. D．Because it’s not such a place that is flooded with visitors taking photos. 【答案】10．C 11．A 12．B 【导语】 本文是一篇应用文。作者从徒步旅行到参观景点和了解公园历史，提供了一个简要的行程规划，以帮助人们更好地游览美丽的Yosemite国家公园。 10．推理判断题。根据6 a. m. : Drive up the picturesque Tioga Road 中的“Along the 45 miles to Tenaya Lake, take photos at the many viewpoints...”（沿着通往特纳亚湖45英里，你可以在许多景点拍照）可知，作者建议在早上的时候前往Tenaya Lake。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据4 p. m. : Learn some history at Yosemite Valley Visitor Center中的“Here, you can check out the Yosemite Village as well, but the real secret is the free bike share program. Download the app and grab a pair of wheels here for your evening exploration. (在这里，你也可以参观Yosemite Village，但真正的秘密是免费的自行车共享计划。下载该应用程序，在这里租一辆自行车，为晚上的探索做准备。)”可知，在Yosemite Village最好的活动是骑自行车进行夜间探索。故选A项。 12．细节理解题。根据“Along the 45 miles to Tenaya Lake, take photos at the many viewpoints, but especially at Olmsted Point, which has a less-visited but very cool perspective on Half Dome. (沿着45英里的路程到达特纳雅湖(Tenaya Lake)，在许多观景点拍照，尤其是在奥姆斯特德点(Olmsted Point)，它虽然游客较少，但是提供了一个非常酷的哈夫穹顶(Half Dome)的视角。)”可知，Olmsted Point是有一个非常酷的Half Dome的视角，所以是拍照的好地方，故选B项。 五、 （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·开学考试）Have you ever thought how good it would be if an unfinished handwork project, which stopped because the owner passed away, could be lovingly completed? Friends and knitters (编织者) Jennifer Simonic and Masey Kaplan started the Loose Ends Project in September 2022. The pair match “volunteer finishers” with unfinished projects online so they can carefully complete them and then return them to the people they were being made for. It all started when founders, Simonic and Kaplan, realized that they had both been asked by friends to finish knitting hats, sweaters or other unfinished projects by their moms. When more friends asked them for help, they felt it would be a good idea to “have strangers be able to finish things for each other”. Helping strangers this way, which also assists (帮助) them to get through their grieving process, was something that the two had happily agreed to do, understanding how wonderful it feels to be dressed in something a loved one has created. Adding a moving couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight (突出) the last stitch (针) worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work. In just a few months, Loose Ends has built up a global team of over 7, 000 volunteers. New volunteers are asked to share their skill sets and interests. When Loose Ends receives a project, the founders determine a good fit based on these skills. The Loose Ends team will let the volunteers try the work to “check if they’re feeling it too”, as Simonic and Kaplan never want the work to be a boring task. Volunteers do not charge for their work, while families are only asked to cover the delivery costs. The group tries to match projects to volunteers living nearby to reduce the delivery costs to the lowest. 13．What is the goal of the Loose Ends Project? A．To promote handwork art. B．To sell handwork products online. C．To complete unfinished handwork projects. D．To recycle good handwork projects. 14．What does the underlined word “grieving” mean in paragraph 4? A．Touching B．Amazing C．Unforgettable D．Painful 15．What extra step may volunteers do with unfinished works? A．They may make a special design for the last stitch. B．They may mark the original maker’s last stitch. C．They may add receivers’ information on them. D．They may sign their names on the works. 16．Which of the following can best describe the service of the Loose Ends Project? A．Quick B．Tiring C．Safe D．Thoughtful 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了编织者Jennifer Simonic和 Masey Kaplan是朋友，他们于2022年9月启动了Loose Ends Project，帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Friends and knitters (编织者) Jennifer Simonic and Masey Kaplan started the Loose Ends Project in September 2022. The pair match “volunteer finishers” with unfinished projects online so they can carefully complete them and then return them to the people they were being made for.(Jennifer Simonic和 Masey Kaplan是朋友，他们是编织者，于2022年9月启动了Loose Ends Project。这两个人将“自愿完成者”与网上未完成的项目相匹配，这样他们就可以仔细地完成这些项目，然后将它们返还给他们的目标人群)”可知，Loose Ends Project的目的是完成未完成的手工项目。故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据上文“It all started when founders, Simonic and Kaplan, realized that they had both been asked by friends to finish knitting hats, sweaters or other unfinished projects started by their dead moms.(这一切都始于创始人西蒙尼克和卡普兰意识到，他们都被朋友请求完成编织帽子、毛衣或其他由他们去世的母亲开始的未完成的项目)”可知，Simonic和Kaplan帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西，以这种方式帮助陌生人度过失去亲人的悲伤的过程，由此可推知，划线单词grieving意为“悲伤的”，与A项“Painful.(痛苦的。)”意义一致。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Adding a touching couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight the last stitch worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work.(他们添加了几个额外的感人步骤，一旦收到这个项目，在重新开始工作之前，他们可能会以一种特殊的方式突出由之前死去的编织者所缝制的最后一针)”可知，志愿者对未完成的工作采取的额外措施是，他们会标记由原来编织者所缝制的最后一针。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Adding a touching couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight the last stitch worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work.(他们添加了几个额外的感人步骤，一旦收到这个项目，他们重新开始工作之前，他们可能会以一种特殊的方式突出由之前死去的编织者所缝制的最后一针)”和倒数第二段中“The Loose Ends team will let the volunteers try the work to “check if they’re feeling it too”, as Simonic and Kaplan never want the work to be a chore.(Loose Ends团队将让志愿者尝试这项工作，以“检查他们是否也有这种感觉”，因为Simonic和Kaplan从不希望这项工作成为一件苦差事)”可推知，Loose Ends Project的服务是周到的。故选D。 六、 （23-24高二上·河南·期中）“Will you go on this ride with me? ”my friend’s eleven-year-old daughter Jenny asked. I could have made up an excuse for not wanting to have a go. But earlier that morning, I was ready to push myself out of my comfort zone. Jenny stared at the ride, eager to experience the same excitement as the brave group of riders in front of us. I couldn’t say no. After climbing into our seats, an attendant reached up, pulled down the bar, and locked it in place. The ride lifted us slowly, then turned us over like the blueberry pancakes I had eaten three hours earlier, and hoped to keep in their proper place. As I stared at the concrete directly below us, I had a sudden feeling of great fear. I wondered if I had replacement coverage for the phone that I was sure would slip out of my pocket and break into a million tiny pieces. I wondered when my new health insurance would kick in. The ride touched down after twisting and turning our bodies. My friend was waiting for us at the exit. “How was it?” she asked. “Fine. No big deal,” I said, even though my head was spinning(旋转)like one of the other annoying machines dotting the midway. Jenny walked ahead of us and convinced me to keep taking chances and sample more rides. “Oh, look at the pirate ship(海盗船)!” she said. “That looks like a calm ride.” “Let’s go, Auntie!” she said as she rushed to join others in line. I followed her, confident the ride would be uneventful. When I reached the bottom, I tapped out like a WWF wrestler admitting defeat. Although my body was shaking and my head was still spinning, I felt exhilarated just like I was on cloud nine. That morning, I had set a goal, taken my first step to reach it, and felt the joy of achievement. Each time you try something for the first time, you will grow—a little piece of the fear of the unknown is removed and replaced with a sense of satisfaction. 17．What made the author decide to try riding with Jenny? A．The desired look in Jenny’s eyes. B．The curiosity about the unknown. C．The encouragement from other riders. D．The eagerness to experience something exciting. 18．What happened to the author when she was in the high sky? A．She lost her phone. B．She got into a panic. C．She was served pancakes. D．She almost fell off the seat. 19．What does the underlined word “exhilarated” in paragraph 7 mean? A．Occupied. B．Excited. C．Confused. D．Disappointed. 20．What message does the story convey? A．He who hesitates is lost. B．It’s never too late to learn. C．One’s potential can’t always be underrated. D．It’s worthwhile to get out of your comfort zone. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与朋友的女儿一起体验刺激的游乐设施的经历让作者意识到对未知事物的尝试会让自己成长并带来前所未有的满足感。人要勇于走出自己的舒适圈, 才能迎来更好的自己。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jenny stared at the ride, eager to experience the same excitement as the brave group of riders in front of us. I couldn’t say no.(珍妮盯着过山车，渴望体验和我们前面那群勇敢的骑手一样的兴奋。我无法拒绝)”可知，Jenny渴望的眼神让作者无法拒绝，最后决定试一试。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“As I stared at the concrete directly below us, I had a sudden feeling of great fear.(当我盯着我们正下方的水泥地时，我突然感到非常害怕)”可知，当作者盯着她们正下方的水泥地时，她突然感到一种极大的恐惧，即她陷入了恐慌。故选B。 19．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Although my body was shaking and my head was still spinning”中Although表示转折，结合画线词后的“just like I was on cloud nine”可知，画线词所在句指的是“虽然我的身体还在颤抖，头还在旋转，但我感觉很兴奋，就像在九霄云外一样。”由此可知，画线词意为“兴奋的”。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Each time you try something for the first time, you will grow—a little piece of the fear of the unknown is removed and replaced with a sense of satisfaction.(每次你第一次尝试某件事，你都会成长——对未知的一点点恐惧会被消除，取而代之的是一种满足感)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者走出了自己的舒适区, 和朋友的女儿一起体验了刺激的游乐设施，从开始的恐惧感到后来的兴奋感让作者认识到每当第一次尝试某件事情时，对未知的恐惧会一点点消除，取而代之的是一种满足感。由此可推断出，文章想表达的是走出舒适区是值得的。故选D。 七、 （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·月考）The lunch in the back room of a dull Moscow restaurant consisted of small bites of food and large shots of vodka. Musk had arrived that morning with Adeo Ressi and Jim Cantrell on their search to buy a used Russian rocket for their mission to Mars. After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table. That evening, slightly recovered, Musk and his companions met with another group in Moscow selling used missiles. That encounter turned out to be equally odd. The Russian in charge was missing a front tooth, so whenever he spoke loudly, which was often, spit would fly out in Musk’s direction. At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary (多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us?” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.” Despite the clown show, Musk and Cantrell decided to return to Russia in early 2002. Ressi didn’t come, but Justine did. This time Musk focused on buying two Dnepr rockets, which were old missiles. The more he negotiated, the higher the price went. He finally thought he had a deal to pay $18 million for two Dneprs. But then they said no, it was $18 million for each. “That’s insane!” he says. The Russians then suggested maybe it would be $21 million each. “They taunted him,” Cantrell recalls. “They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money?’” It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious (大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond. 21．What happened during the lunch in the Moscow restaurant? A．Musk got seriously drunk. B．Musk bought a used rocket. C．Musk was hit on the head. D．Musk made lots of friends. 22．How did Musk react when the Russian spat at him? A．Embarrassed. B．Shocked. C．Anxious. D．Ashamed. 23．What does the underlined word “taunt” mean? A．Try to annoy. B．Try to inspire. C．Try to amuse. D．Try to disappoint. 24．What lesson can you learn from this passage? A．Money can’t buy everything. B．Constant dripping wears away a stone. C．Repetition plays a critical role in success. D．Frustration can sometimes be a stepping stone. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．A 24．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马斯克带着阿迪奥·雷西和吉姆·坎特雷尔来到莫斯科，为他们的火星任务寻找一枚二手俄罗斯火箭。结果会面都很糟糕，却促使马斯克理想远大，想要尝试私人建造火箭项目。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table.(在多次为友谊干杯之后，俄罗斯人送给美国人的礼物是伏特加酒瓶，酒瓶上印有每个人的头像。用手抬着头的马斯克昏了过去，头撞到了桌子上)”可知，在莫斯科餐厅吃午饭时，马斯克喝得很醉。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary(多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us?” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.”(坎特雷尔回忆说，有一次，当马斯克开始谈论让人类进入多星球的必要性时，俄罗斯人对他们吐了口唾沫。“他刚才是不是朝我们吐口水了？”马斯克睁大眼睛问道。“是的，他吐了，”坎特雷尔回答。“我认为这是不尊重的表现。”)”可知，当俄罗斯人向马斯克吐口水时，马斯克感到震惊。故选B。 23．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money?’(他们说，‘哦，小男孩，你没钱吗？’)”可知，这群人说“小男孩，你没钱吗？”是为了试图惹恼马斯克。故划线词意思是“试图惹恼”。故选A。 24．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious(大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond.(幸运的是，会面很糟糕。这促使马斯克想得更大。他并不是仅仅用一枚二手火箭在火星上建造一个示范温室，而是要尝试我们这个时代最大胆的项目之一：私人建造火箭，将卫星和人类送入轨道，最终将他们送到火星和更远的地方)”可知，文章主要讲述了马斯克带着阿迪奥·雷西和吉姆·坎特雷尔来到莫斯科，为他们的火星任务寻找一枚二手俄罗斯火箭。结果会面都很糟糕，却促使马斯克理想远大，想要尝试私人建造火箭项目。由此推知，文章告诉我们挫折有时是垫脚石。故选D。 八、 （23-24高二上·湖北荆门·月考）For Cruz, who grew up in Peru’s mountainous region of Cuzco, fog represents a massive opportunity. As a boy, he had to hike for more than an hour every day across hills to collect water from the nearest source. But over time, he realized that during the rainy season, droplets of water would gather in the large leaves of banana trees. So one day he and his father tried to build a canal system with the leaves to collect water and it turned out a success. But afterwards, he moved to Lima at the age of 25. There, shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were faced with, Cruz set up El Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. The idea was to deploy the method he learned in his hometown on a larger scale, which would provide free, independently sourced and easily accessible water to those who needed it most. He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that resemble a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. Netted devices, made of high density Raschel polyethylene and spanning several meters wide, are lined up at the top of a misty mound and linked by a network of tubes that lead to storage containers. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink or to irrigate crops on small garden patches. Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world among the ever-challenging circumstances. German researcher Lummerich says, “They are cheap, easy to construct.” In a world searching for water supply systems, it is one important puzzle piece that can make an essential difference locally. However, there are some issues. For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities, let alone urban slums. At the same time, fog catchers must be properly cleaned and maintained to stay effective. Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. Fog isn’t everywhere. 25．What does the underlined word “deploy” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Employ. B．Adjust. C．Design. D．Study. 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The reason why Cruz installed fog catchers. B．The difficulties of constructing a canal system. C．The installation and benefits of fog catchers. D．The inspiration Cruz gained to build a canal system. 27．What is the biggest challenge associated with the use of fog catchers? A．High costs. B．Public opposition. C．Space limitation. D．Climate conditions. 28．What’s the best title for the text? A．Urban Areas: A Struggle for Sufficient Water B．Innovative Water Collection Techniques in Peru C．The Global Water Crisis and Possible Solutions D．Fog Catchers: A Local Solution with Global Potential 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。 25．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“There, shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were faced with, Cruz set up El Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. (在那里，一些城市最贫穷的居民面临着水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz感到震惊，于2005年成立了El Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua)”和下文“He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. (他开始安装上世纪80年代开发的传统捕雾器模型)”可知，此处讲述了Cruz产生该想法是因为被当地的水资源贫乏情况震惊，他有了想法后便着手解决该问题。由此可知，这种想法应该是将之前在家乡学到的收集水的方法“使用”到新的环境中，划线词意思应该是“使用”，与employ意思相近。故选A项。 26．主旨大意题。根据第三段“At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that resemble a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. Netted devices, made of high density Raschel polyethylene and spanning several meters wide, are lined up at the top of a misty mound and linked by a network of tubes that lead to storage containers. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink or to irrigate crops on small garden patches. (在Los Tres Miradores的最高点，有一组奇怪的大型建筑，就像天空中的舰队。它们就是所谓的“捕雾器”。网状装置由高密度拉舍尔聚乙烯制成，跨度为几米，排列在多雾的小山丘山顶，并通过通往存储容器的管道网络连接起来。那里的40个捕雾器为180个家庭提供了足够的水，无论是洗澡、清洁、饮用还是在小块花园里灌溉庄稼)”可知，本段首先介绍了在Tres Miradores安装的“捕雾器”的具体情况，然后陈述了它们带来的好处。故选C项。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. (最重要的是，需要适当的气候条件)”可知，捕雾器使用的最大挑战是气候条件。故选D项。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。再结合第四段中“Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world among the ever-challenging circumstances. (支持者认为，在充满挑战的环境中，捕雾器有潜力改善世界各地社区的供水)”可知，这位年轻人采用的捕雾器具有全球应用的潜力。由此可知，D项“捕雾器：具有全球潜力的地方解决方案”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$