Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures课件 - 【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019必修第一册）

Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 人教版2019必修第一册 目 录 Lead-in Simple sentence structures Members of a sentence Practice Learning objectives: At the end of this lesson, students are able to: 1.Have a good understanding of the basic sentence structures and basic components of a sentence. 2.Identify the basic sentence structures—SV; SVO; SP; SV IO DO; SVOC; SVA; SVOA; There be... 3.Learn to analyze the structure of the sentences from the text. 4.Master and use the basic sentence structures flexibly. Lead-in: 中英文对比差异 中文：在星期天的早上我吃了早饭。 相同点：都有句子结构成分，主谓宾状 不同点：句序不一样 英文：I had breakfast on Sunday morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 Lead-in: 中英文语序差异 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 英语：孔雀型—尾重 要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子、成分至于句末。 Members of a sentence : 定义 ： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分： 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 Members of a sentence : P DO O A C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) I0 (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 Members of a sentence : 主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物。用“S”表示 Country music has become mmore and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students are girls. To swim in the pool is a pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have a day off has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 名词 代词 数词 动词不定式 形容词名词化 动名词 句子作主语， 主语从句 it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语 主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。 Members of a sentence : 主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物。用“S”表示          Twenty years is a short time in history.   The poor are now living in the shelter. Running is good for our health.      To study hard is your duty.          She likes dancing.     What I want is some apples . Members of a sentence : 谓语:说明主语动作、状态或特征。用“V”表示 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 He can speak English. b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。 They are talking about something. I have seen the film before. We study to create a better world. I can speak some English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing. 简单谓语 复合谓语 Members of a sentence : We have finished reading this book. They can speak English well. 助动词和情态动词须和 实义动词一起构成谓语 He looked after two boys. 谓语:说明主语动作、状态或特征。用“V”表示 Members of a sentence : 宾语:表示动作行为指向的对象。用“O”表示 We like music. How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. It began to rain. I enjoy walking in the forest. I think he is a good partner. He gave me a pencil 间接宾语+直接宾语 名词 数词 形容词名词化 动词不定式 动名词 句子作宾语，宾语从句 宾语 (O-object): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。 在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”）， 表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect object)。 He read us the text. → He read the text to us. My sister wrote me a letter. → My sister wrote a letter to me. Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English to us. My mother bought me a watch. → My mother bought a watch for me. Her mother made her a cake. → Her mother made a cake for her. 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语indirect object 双宾语 人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语 Members of a sentence : 宾语:表示动作行为指向的对象。用“O”表示 1.They saw an exhibition yesterday. 2. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 3. She wants to join the club. 4. I enjoyed listening to popular music. 5. I think he is fit for his office. 6. People find it important to get a good education. 7. He told us a story. 名词 数词 动词不定式 动名词 宾语从句 形式宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 Members of a sentence : 表语:位于系动词后，说明主语身份、状态等。用“P”表示 My sister is a doctor. Are these pens yours? The weather has turned cool. The speech is exciting. The price of the shirt is $8. His job is to edit some articles. The pencil is in your box. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he breaks the glass. 名词 代词 形容词 形容词 数词 动词不定式 介词短语 副词 表语从句 Members of a sentence : 系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。 The day turns long. He gets angry. He seems ill. It remains a mystery. 常见的系动词： 1.be 动词：am, is, are 2.状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等 3.感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound等 4. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn等 5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, look, appear Members of a sentence : 表语:位于系动词后，说明主语身份、状态等。用“P”表示 Everything looks nice. His face turned red. He is happy. Members of a sentence : 宾补:补充说明宾语。用“C”表示 His father named him Tutu. The workers painted the walls white. You cannot force him to do something. We saw him entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. 宾语补足语 (Object complement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。 英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语。 名词 形容词 动词不定式 动名词 介词短语 Members of a sentence : 宾补:补充说明宾语。用“C”表示 They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in. 名词 形容词 介词短语 to do 不定式 现在分词 doing done 过去分词 Members of a sentence : 定语:对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用。 定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。  a nice girl  three cups  something to eat  a sleeping baby  the burnt food  a cat in the room  a shoe shop 形容词 现在分词 名词 不定式 数词 介词短语 过去分词 Members of a sentence : 定语:对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known betty’s sister? He bought some sleepingpills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. (形容词) (名词) (数词) (名词的所有格) (动名词) (现在分词) (过去分词) Members of a sentence : 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。用“A”表示 1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6. She sat there, reading a book. 7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9. she works very hard though she is old. 10. I am taller than he is. 时间 原因 条件 地点 方式 伴随 目的 结果 让步 比较 Members of a sentence : 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。用“A”表示 Light travels most quickly. We have studied for 10 years. I am sorry to trouble you. He is in the room making a model plane. Once you begin, you must go on. 时间状语: at six 地点状语: on campus 原因状语: because of the rain 目的状语: to catch the bus 条件状语: if it is sunny 方式状语: with great care 结果状语: that he slept 伴随状语: with a pen in he hand 让步状语: though he is old The basic sentence structures : 简单句的基本句型 主谓 (SV) 主谓宾 (SVO) 主系表 (SP) 主谓双宾 (S V IO DO) 5. 主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC) 6. 主谓状 (SVA) 7. 主谓宾状 (SVOA) 8. there be … The basic sentence structures : SV 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 此句型中 “主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子的主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。 注意：有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。 例1 Class begins. 例3 Her mother has gone abroad. 例2 The rain has stopped. 例4 The red sun rise in the east. SV SV SVA SVA The basic sentence structures : SV 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，需要添加介词 Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. We all 4. They 5. He 6. He 7. They flies. rose. eat, and drink. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. is playing. listens to classical music.. The basic sentence structures : SVO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。 注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。 例1 You must listen to your teacher. 例2 My father arrived in London yesterday. 例3 He is laughing at the crippled woman. 例4 I’ll write about my football team in myfuture books. The basic sentence structures : SVO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 Ｓ Ｖ（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laughs at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning." The basic sentence structures : SVP 主语+系动词+表语 此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。 例1 She became a singer. 例2 My brother is out now. 例3 Breakfast smells good. The basic sentence structures : SVP 主语+系动词+表语 Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ(表语) 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻) fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. The basic sentence structures : SV IO DO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant等 例2 I bought Tom a birthday gift. 间接宾语 直接宾语 例1 I showed her my photos. 间接宾语 直接宾语 The basic sentence structures : SV IO DO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 Ｓ Ｖ（及物） ｏ（多指人） Ｏ（多指物） 1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. The basic sentence structures : SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。 常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带to的动词不定式等  They appointed him manager.  They painted the door green.  This set them thinking.  They found the house deserted. The basic sentence structures : SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） Ｃ（宾补） 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. The basic sentence structures : SVOA 主谓宾+状语 在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。 I have my first class at senior high school . 状语 The basic sentence structures : There be …  There are three people in my uncle’s family.  There is a pen and two books on the desk.  There isn’t a boy in the room.  There aren’t any books on the desk.  There’s a lot to explore at senior high.  There’s a boy sitting under the tree. 该句型可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”， 或当我们不知道是谁有……时，也可用该句型。 Practice : Read the sentences and analyse the structures. 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 2. We must act. S 主语 V 谓语 3. The maths homework looks easy. S 主语 P 系表 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 C 宾补 这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心 我们必须行动起来。 数学作业看起来挺简单。 老师觉得教室空荡荡的。 Practice : Read the sentences and analyse the structures. 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. S 主语 V 谓语 DO 直宾 IO 间宾 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 有 某物 某地 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 A 状语 There be 句型 我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。 汤姆期盼遇见一位新的交换生。 在我们学校有一个新的英语角。 在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。 Practice : Translate the sentences and analyse the sentence structure. 他在这家公司上班。 He works in this company. 2. 史密斯先生的话让我印象深刻。 Mr. Smith’s words impressed me. 3. 这个小女孩看起来很害怕。 The little girl seemed/looked frightened. 4. 吉姆明天将去这座岛上探险。 Jim is going to explore this island tomorrow. SVA SVO SP SVOA Practice : Translate the sentences and analyse the sentence structure. 5. 那个设计者已经给我们发了一封邮件。 The designer has sent us an email. 6. 一切都已经改变了。 Everything has changed. 7. 明天将有一场关于学习策略的讲座。 There will be a lecture on learning strategies tomorrow. 8. 我们必须保持教室干净。 We must keep our classroom clean. SV IO DO SV There be… SVOC Homework : Draw a mind map of sentence members and structures. Thank You ! Discovering Useful Structures 人教版2019必修第一册 $$