精品解析：重庆市云阳县2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末英语试题

重庆市云阳县2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末英语试卷(解析版) Ⅱ. 单项选择。（每小题1分, 共 10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 1. The luckiest student can get ________ special gift once a year in our school. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. The final exams often come ________ February and June every year. A. in B. on C. at D. for 3. Doctors always tell people to be in good ________. Then they can study or work better. A. interviews B. games C. rooms D. spirits 4. Darren is only 12 years old, but he is ________ than his mother now. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 5 My best friend always tells jokes to make me ________. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing 6. If you go to a formal western dinner party, don’t speak ________ but speak quietly and smile a lot. A. loudly B. especially C. healthily D. greatly 7. —What are you busy with? —We ________for the opening of our own clothing store now. A. prepare B. prepared C. are preparing D. will prepare 8. Helen’s father took a dog home. It made ________ very happy. A. herself B. she C. her D. hers 9. I believe you’ll make your dream come true ________ you keep working hard and never give up. A. so B. if C. until D. unless 10. —Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —From Monday to Friday. A. when do you wear your school uniforms B. when you wear your school uniforms C. why do you wear your school uniforms D. why you wear your school uniforms Ⅲ. 完形填空。（每小题1. 5分, 共 15分）根据短文内容, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 On my first day of high school, a roommate (室友) of mine asked me for help. He ____11____ a bottle of cola out of his bag. “I couldn’t open it.” he said. I opened it ____12____ him quite easily, and he thanked me. One week later, we started to get military training (军训). We had to gather (集合) at 5:30 a.m. every day. One ____13____ morning, I was still sleeping at 5:20. That roommate of ____14____ woke me up. Both of us were not late for that day’s training. I ____15____ thanked him. I felt very great to live with him. I had a ____16____ with that roommate that day. I said that we were no longer just roommates, we were good friends, I added, “we didn’t have to mind our ‘please’ and ‘thanks’ so much around each other.” He thought about my words and said yes. Over the next three years, we helped each other quite often, but we ____17____ said thank you. I always feel thankful when someone helps me. But I was often too ____18____ to say thank you out loud. However, my opinion about thanks changed ____19____ I started to work. I learned from my work that a thank you is often just a polite ending to a talk, but it is important. Saying thanks lets the other side know that I’m thankful. It also makes the office a lovelier ____20____ . Thanks is a wonderful word. Whenever you feel thankful, say it. 11. A. took B. carried C. bought D. gave 12. A. in B. on C. with D. for 13. A. empty B. early C. helpful D. personal 14. A. hers B. yours C. theirs D. mine 15. A. really B. regularly C. sadly D. suddenly 16 A. plan B. fight C. chat D. chance 17. A. also B. hardly C. almost D. mainly 18. A. confident B. shy C. careless D. helpful 19. A. before B. if C. because D. after 20. A. village B. member C. place D. address Ⅳ. 阅读理解。（共35分）阅读下列材料, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案, 并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Welcome to Cuttlefish (乌贼) Restaurant. Our opening time is from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. You can enjoy delicious dishes and drink at our restaurant. If you don’t want to eat at the restaurant, you can call us to order food. Our phone number is 023-67564351. Then we will bring the food to you in 30 minutes. 21. You can have a pizza in Cuttlefish Restaurant at _________. A. 6:00 a.m. B. 7:00 a.m. C. 1:00 p.m. D. 10:00 p.m. 22. If you have only one dollar, you can buy _________ in Cuttlefish Restaurant. A. a potato B. a salad C. some chicken D. some juice 23. The picture is the _________ of the restaurant. A. bill B. photo C. menu D. passport Lang Jiaziyu was born in 1995. However, his interests are very different from those of other young people. Lang likes making dough figurines (面人), or “mian ren”. It is a traditional Chinese art and it has a history of over 2, 000 years. On his desk, you can see many “mian ren” of famous people. Lang Jiaziyu became interested in “mian ren” at the age of five. He likes to turn what he sees into “mian ren”. He learned the craft (手艺) from his grandfather, Lang Shao’an. He was famous as “Mianren Lang”. He traveled to 12 countries to show his art when he was young. There are over 750 traditional crafts like “mian ren” in China. More than half of them are in danger of disappearing. Few young people even know about them. Lang says he often feels lonely. Because no one can share the joy of making “mian ren” with him. These days, Lang Jiaziyu is making dough figurines about popular cartoon characters and famous people. He also tries to make short videos (视频) of his craft and put them online. The young man hopes that in this way, more young people can become interested in the art form. 24. Lang Jiaziyu became interested in “mian ren” when he was _________ years old. A. 4 B. 5 C. 12 D. 20 25. More than half of the traditional crafts in China _________. A. have a history of 2, 000 years B. are very popular in the world C. are in danger of disappearing D. are made to be short videos 26. Lang Jiaziyu is making dough figurines about _________ these days. A. popular students B. famous people C. lovely animals D. beautiful flowers 27. From the passage, we know that _________. A. Lang Jiaziyu’s interests are the same as those of other young people B. there are more than 750 traditional crafts like “mian ren” in Japan C. Lang Jiaziyu can share the joy of making “mian ren” with everyone D. Lang Jiaziyu hopes more young people can be interested in “mian ren” There are a lot of people in our neighborhood. We all think our neighborhood is a good place to live in. And we get on well with our neighbors. Here are some of my neighbors and I want to introduce (介绍) them to you. Mrs. Phelps lives in front of the supermarket. She and her family speak Russian, but when they see me, they always say “hello” to me in English. Mrs. Phelps is a great cook. When other neighbors are sick sometimes. She always helps them make dinner. It is so kind of her! Across from the post office is Craig’s house. Craig loves dancing and he teaches dancing lessons in a children’s school. After he gets up every morning, he dances for half an hour. Then he goes to work. Craig is a friendly man. He often teaches the kids in our neighborhood to dance. Behind the post office is Mr. Tramp’s store. When we go there to buy fresh vegetables and fruit, he always gives the best ones to us. Next to Mr. Tramp’s store live the Greens. There are five people in this family. Mr. Green and Mrs. Green work in a big hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. Their three sons are in the same school. After school, they often play basketball with the kids in our neighborhood and sometimes help the old carry heavy bags. The neighbors are from different places but everyone works to build a clean and beautiful neighborhood because we are a big family. 28. Mrs. Phelps and her family are most probably from _________. A. Russia B. China C. Japan D. America 29. Craig’s house is _________. A. in front of the supermarket B. across from the post office C. behind the post office D. next to Mr. Tramp’s store 30. We can infer (推断) from the passage that _________. A. Mrs. Phelps are kind and she always helps sick neighbors make dinner B. Craig loves drawing and he teaches drawing lessons in a children’s school C. the neighbors can buy anything they want in Mr. Tramp’s store at any time D. Mr. Green’s sons are popular with the kids and the old in the neighborhood 31. The best title of this passage probably is _________. A. Our Beautiful House B. A Good Place to Live in C. A Big Family in China D. Different People, Different Places Many people feel unhappy. They don’t like to go out and always like to stay at home in the winter months. Now scientists think they find out the reason. In the 1970s an American engineer called Herb Kem noticed that in spring and summer he was happy and had a lot of energy, but every winter he became unhappy and lazy. He thought it was because there wasn’t much daylight in winter. He asked some scientists to make a light box. He put it on his desk and after a few days he felt a lot better. The scientists gave his illness a name—Seasonal Affective Disorder (季节性情绪失调), SAD. Actually, SAD also known as winter blues affects many people every year. In the United States about 6%～20% of people have SAD. And it is also very common in other countries like the UK and Sweden. They may get SAD in autumn and winter especially when the days are shorter and there is less daylight. Anyone can get SAD, but it’s more common among: •Women. •People who have a close relative (亲属) with SAD. •People who live far from the equator (赤道), where winter daylight hours are very short. People with SAD usually sleep a lot and feel tired all the time. They also eat a lot of sweet food and feel unhappy. The answer to the problem is bright light. People with SAD can use a light box for half an hour a day. Or they can go on holiday to a sunny country, of course! 32. According to the passage, people don’t like to _________ in the winter months. A. stay at home B. go out C. sleep a lot D. eat sweet food 33. The underlined word “energy” in Paragraph 2 means _________. A. 能量 B. 食物 C. 财富 D. 惰性 34. Herb Kem became unhappy and lazy every winter because _________. A. he put a light box on his desk B. he had a close relative with SAD C. he lived far from the equator D. there wasn’t much daylight 35. This passage is probably from a _________. A. science magazine B. story book C. sports newspaper D. school notice ①When Anne woke up the next morning, she could not remember where she was. Then, she remembered. This was Green Gables (绿山墙) and they didn’t want her because she wasn’t a boy! She looked out of the window sadly. She wished they would not send her away. ②During the drive back to the station, Marilla said, “It’s five miles, and because you enjoy talking so much, you can tell me about yourself.” “I was eleven last March”, said Anne, “and I was born in Bolingbroke (波林布洛克). My father and mother were teachers. They were very poor and lived in a small yellow house in Bolingbroke. My mother died from a fever soon after I was born, and my father died four days later from a fever, too.” ③“I lived with the Thomas until I was eight years old and helped look after their other children. Then, Mr. Thomas was killed when he fell under a train. Then, Mrs. Hammond took me, and I lived with her for two years. and looked after all her children. Then, she died. Nobody wanted me, so I was put in a children’s home.” ④Marilla asked no more questions. Anne thought Marilla would send her away and she felt very disappointed. In fact, Marilla felt sorry for Anne. The child had a hard life, living with people who did not really want her. ⑤The next afternoon, Marilla said to the little girl, “Sit down and listen. We have decided that ▲ .” ⑥“Oh, thank you,” Anne said happily. 36. Anne’s father and mother were _________. A. doctors B. teachers C. workers D. officers 37. How did Anne’s feelings change in the story? A. worried—happy—disappointed B. happy—sorry—worried C. sad—disappointed—happy D. sad—happy—sorry 38. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ ? A. we have to send you away from Green Gables in three days B. we have to send you back to the children’s home tomorrow C. you may stay here and you can go to school in September D. you can live by yourself because it is hard for us to keep you 39. The structure (结构) of the pass age may be _________. A. B. C. D. V. 口语应用。（共5分） 阅读下面对话，从文后7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。 A: Hello! May I help you? B: We’d like to take a trip for summer vacation, please. A: There are many trips. ___40___ B: We’d like to choose Mount Tai. A: It’s one of the most famous mountains in China. It’s really a great place to visit. ___41___ B: We don’t know. Which hotel do you think is comfortable with good price? A: The Sky Hotel is quite good. ___42___ I think it’s the most important of all. B: Oh it’s good, but it’s too expensive for us. A: OK, I’ll find you a cheaper one later. ___43___ B: Sure. Here is my ID card. By the way, can we pay with WeChat (微信)? A: ___44___ Enjoy your trip to Mount Tai! B: Thank you. A. How about taking planes there? B. Which hotel do you want to stay in? C. Yes, of course you can. D. Will you please show me your ID card (身份证)? E. Which one would you like to choose? F. And it’s very quiet and clean. G. And it’s quite cheap. VI. 任务型阅读。（共9分） 阅读下文并回答问题。 When I was a kid, I wanted to be either a doctor or a lawyer (律师). I could save people’s lives with medicine or the law (法律). Kids now are different. Those in the US and the UK want to be YouTubers. That’s not a surprise. They grow up with the Internet, and many of them are on YouTube a lot. To those kids, YouTubers have an easy job. They just make videos of themselves. In fact, YouTubers’ work isn’t easy at all. They need to play video games or introduce dances to people all day. And they still need to make their videos (视频) look good to attract (吸引) people. What’s more, they need to learn art, science and so on. Also, they need to get people to watch their videos. That’s difficult because there are so many videos and YouTubers out there already. They should make their videos so different from others’ that people would enjoy them. Even so it’s good to have dreams and follow them. Just be ready to work hard to make them come true. Anything can happen as long as you put your mind to it. 45. Did the writer want to be a teacher when he was a kid? ________________________ 46. What do the kids in the US and the UK grow up with? ________________________ 47. What kind of videos do people enjoy according to the passage? 　 ________________________ 48. Do you want to be a YouTuber in the future? Why or why not? ________________________ Ⅶ. 完成句子。（每空1分, 共10分）根据所给提示, 完成句子。每空一词, 含缩略词。 49. Darren tells me that he likes eating vegetables and fruit. (改为否定句) Darren ________ ________ me that he likes eating vegetables and fruit. 50. They are going to take a good rest after a long day at school. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ they going to do after a long day at school? 51. We should learn to look after ourselves when our parents are busy with work. (改为同义句) We should learn to _________ _________ ourselves when our parents are busy with work. 52. 我们明天是否要去旅行取决于天气。 Whether we will have a trip or not ________ the weather tomorrow. 53. 玛利亚如此喜欢这件唐装以至于爸爸给她买了。（完成译句） Maria liked this Chinese Tang costume _________ much _________ her father bought it for her. Ⅷ. 短文填空。（每空2分, 共16分） 根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。 For most people, it’s usually not easy to leave their warm beds in the morning, especially on cold days. How about you? What can you do if you think it’s difficult to get out of your bed early? Please ____54____ at the advice below! Get your body moving To help you get up, you can put your alarm clock (闹钟) far away from your bed. When it goes off, you will need to get out of the ____55____ to turn it off. Then, you can take a moment to do a few push-ups (俯卧撑) or long jumps. These simple exercises will help to wake up your body. Change the lighting We all know that a dark environment helps your mind and body get ready ____56____ the sleep. So you should change the light in your bedroom. Make sure it isn’t too bright and stop looking at your phone at least an hour ____57____ you go to bed. Next morning, you can open the curtains (窗帘) to let in more ____58____. This will help you stay awake. Reward (奖励) yourself Do something you love as soon as you wake up. The reward can be as simple as making yourself a cup of your favorite coffee or tea. ____59____, you can watch the sunrise or read a few pages of a good book. When you look forward to doing something in the early morning, you will become ____60____ active to get up than before. Well, when you have difficulty ____61____ up in the morning, hope these advice can help you a lot. If you have different opinions and more advice, you can tell us. IX. 书面表达。（满分20分） 62. 常言道：“帮助别人就是帮助自己。”相信在你成长的道路中一定接受过别人的帮忙，也一定帮助过其他人。帮助他人的方式多种多样，现校学生会面向全校学生征稿。请你以“Helping Others”为题，分享一件你帮助他人的小故事，并谈谈你对帮助他人的感受或者理解。 要求：1. 80～120词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。 参考信息： 1. 分享“帮助他人”的小故事；（比如帮妈妈做饭、帮同学学习英语、给陌生人指路⋯⋯） 2. 你对帮助他人的感受或者理解；（感到很高兴、自己也得到提升、非常有成就感/满足感⋯⋯） 3. ⋯⋯ Helping Others Many people think helping others is helping themselves. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重庆市云阳县2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末英语试卷(解析版) Ⅱ. 单项选择。（每小题1分, 共 10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 1. The luckiest student can get ________ special gift once a year in our school. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在我们学校，最幸运的学生每年可以得到一份特别的礼物。 考查冠词辨析。a/an是不定冠词，泛指“一个”，a用于辅音音素开头的单词，an用于元音音素开头的单词；the是定冠词，表特指；/零冠词，多用于季节、月份、星期及三餐等名称前不需要冠词。句中泛指“一个特殊的礼物”，special以辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。 2. The final exams often come ________ February and June every year. A. in B. on C. at D. for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：期末考试通常在每年的二月和六月举行。 考查介词辨析。in用于年/月/季节或泛指的某一天的上午，下午和晚上前；on用于具体的某一天或者具体某一天的上/下午/晚上；at用于具体的钟点前；for后接一段时间（常和现在完成时连用）。根据所给空后面的“February and June”可知，指的是在某月，用介词in。故选A。 3. Doctors always tell people to be in good ________. Then they can study or work better. A. interviews B. games C. rooms D. spirits 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：医生总是告诉人们要保持好情绪。然后他们才能更好地学习和工作。 考查名词辨析。interviews面试；games游戏；rooms房间；spirits情绪。根据“Then they can study or work better.”可知，保持好情绪才能更好地学习和工作，be in good spirits表示“情绪好”。故选D。 4. Darren is only 12 years old, but he is ________ than his mother now. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：Darren只有12岁，但他比他妈妈高。 考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。故选B。 5. My best friend always tells jokes to make me ________. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：我好朋友总是讲故事，让我大笑不已。 考查非谓语动词。根据英语语法，make后接不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，故选A。 6. If you go to a formal western dinner party, don’t speak ________ but speak quietly and smile a lot. A. loudly B. especially C. healthily D. greatly 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你去参加一个正式的西方宴会，不要大声说话，而要小声说话，多微笑。 考查副词辨析。loudly大声地；especially特别地；healthily健康地；greatly极大地。根据“don’t speak...but speak quietly”可知，是指不要大声说话，而是小声说话，故选A。 7. —What are you busy with? —We ________for the opening of our own clothing store now. A. prepare B. prepared C. are preparing D. will prepare 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你在忙什么？——我们正在准备开自己的服装店。 考查时态。prepare准备，动词原形，一般现在时；prepared一般过去时；are preparing现在进行时；will prepare一般将来时。由句中时间状语now，可知时态用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are+动词的现在分词。故选C。 8. Helen’s father took a dog home. It made ________ very happy. A. herself B. she C. her D. hers 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：海伦的爸爸带了一只狗回家。这使她非常高兴。 考查代词辨析。herself她自己，反身代词；she她，人称代词主格；her她，人称代词宾格；hers她的，名词性物主代词。make是动词，后面用人称代词宾格作宾语。故选C。 9. I believe you’ll make your dream come true ________ you keep working hard and never give up. A. so B. if C. until D. unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你继续努力，永不放弃，我相信你可以实现你的梦想。 考查连词辨析。so所以；if如果；until直到；unless除非。分析句意可知，此处表示如果继续努力，永不放弃，就可以实现梦想，用if来引导条件状语从句。故选B。 10. —Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —From Monday to Friday. A. when do you wear your school uniforms B. when you wear your school uniforms C. why do you wear your school uniforms D. why you wear your school uniforms 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——对不起，你能告诉我你们什么时候穿校服吗？——从周一到周五。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除选项A、C；根据“From Monday to Friday.”可知，是在询问穿校服的时间，引导词应用when。故选B。 Ⅲ. 完形填空。（每小题1. 5分, 共 15分）根据短文内容, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 On my first day of high school, a roommate (室友) of mine asked me for help. He ____11____ a bottle of cola out of his bag. “I couldn’t open it.” he said. I opened it ____12____ him quite easily, and he thanked me. One week later, we started to get military training (军训). We had to gather (集合) at 5:30 a.m. every day. One ____13____ morning, I was still sleeping at 5:20. That roommate of ____14____ woke me up. Both of us were not late for that day’s training. I ____15____ thanked him. I felt very great to live with him. I had a ____16____ with that roommate that day. I said that we were no longer just roommates, we were good friends, I added, “we didn’t have to mind our ‘please’ and ‘thanks’ so much around each other.” He thought about my words and said yes. Over the next three years, we helped each other quite often, but we ____17____ said thank you. I always feel thankful when someone helps me. But I was often too ____18____ to say thank you out loud. However, my opinion about thanks changed ____19____ I started to work. I learned from my work that a thank you is often just a polite ending to a talk, but it is important. Saying thanks lets the other side know that I’m thankful. It also makes the office a lovelier ____20____ . Thanks is a wonderful word. Whenever you feel thankful, say it. 11. A. took B. carried C. bought D. gave 12. A. in B. on C. with D. for 13. A. empty B. early C. helpful D. personal 14. A. hers B. yours C. theirs D. mine 15. A. really B. regularly C. sadly D. suddenly 16. A. plan B. fight C. chat D. chance 17. A. also B. hardly C. almost D. mainly 18. A. confident B. shy C. careless D. helpful 19. A. before B. if C. because D. after 20. A. village B. member C. place D. address 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了作者对于对别人表达感谢一开始有些尴尬和不愿意听到别人说谢谢。但后来开始工作之后，对于别人表达感谢的态度就转变了。他认为感谢是有力量的文字，我们应该对别人表达感谢。 【11题详解】 句意：他从包里拿出来一瓶可乐。 took带走；carried拿；bought买；gave给。根据“He…a bottle of cola out of his bag”可知，此处指他从包里“拿出”一瓶可乐，take sth. out“把某物拿出来”符合语境。故选A。 【12题详解】 句意：我很轻松地为他打开了，他感谢了我。 in在……里面；on在……上面；with和；for为了。根据上文对方从包里拿出一瓶可乐跟作者说他打不开可知，此处指作者为他打开可乐瓶，open sth. for sb.“为某人打开某物”符合语境。故选D。 【13题详解】 句意：一天清晨，我5点20分还在睡觉。 empty空的；early早的；helpful有帮助的；personal个人的。根据“We had to gather at 5:30 a.m.”可知，此处指“清晨”，应用“early morning”表达。故选B。 【14题详解】 句意：我的室友把我吵醒了。 hers她的；yours你的；theirs他们的；mine我的。根据文章开头“On my first day of high school, a roommate of mine asked me for help.”可知，全文描述的是作者和室友之间发生的事，此处是指“我的室友”，应用作者第一人称身份“I”对应的名词性物主代词mine搭配，a roommate of mine“我的室友”符合语境。故选D。 【15题详解】 句意：我真心很感谢他。 really真正地；regularly有规律地；sadly悲伤地；suddenly突然地。根据“Both of us were not late for that day’s training.”因室友叫醒了作者，他们两人的训练才没有迟到，可推测此处作者是“真心地”感谢对方。故选A。 【16题详解】 句意：那天我和室友聊了聊。 plan计划；fight打架；chat聊天；chance机会。根据后文“I said that…”可以，此处是指两人谈了话。故选C。 【17题详解】 句意：接下来的三年里，我们经常互相帮助，但我们很少说谢谢。 also也；hardly几乎不；almost几乎，差不多；mainly主要地。根据“I said that we were no longer just roommates…He thought about my words and said yes.”作者认为好朋友之间不需要说“请”和“谢谢”的这一想法得到了室友的同意，可推测此处是指他们两人之间“几乎没有”说过谢谢。故选B。 【18题详解】 句意：但我常常太害羞，不敢大声说谢谢。 confident自信的；shy害羞的；careless粗心的；helpful有帮助的。根据“…say thank you out loud”可知，此处指作者不好意思大声说出来，可推测作者“很害羞”，应用shy表示“害羞的”。故选B。 【19题详解】 句意：然而，在我开始工作后，我对感谢的看法发生了变化。 before在……之前；if如果；because因为；after在……之后。根据前文作者认为和好朋友之间不需要说感谢及“I learned from my work that a thank you is often just a polite ending to a talk, but it is important.”可知，此处指“在工作后”作者认为说感谢很重要。故选D。 【20题详解】 句意：它也使办公室成为一个更迷人的地方。 village乡村；member成员；place地方；address地址。根据“…a thank you is often just a polite ending to a talk, but it is important. Saying thanks lets the other side know that I’m thankful.”在职场中表达感谢可以让对方知道我们的感激之情，可推测此处是指这样可以使办公室成为一个更迷人的地方。故选C。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解。（共35分）阅读下列材料, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案, 并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Welcome to Cuttlefish (乌贼) Restaurant. Our opening time is from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. You can enjoy delicious dishes and drink at our restaurant. If you don’t want to eat at the restaurant, you can call us to order food. Our phone number is 023-67564351. Then we will bring the food to you in 30 minutes. 21. You can have a pizza in Cuttlefish Restaurant at _________. A. 6:00 a.m. B. 7:00 a.m. C. 1:00 p.m. D. 10:00 p.m. 22. If you have only one dollar, you can buy _________ in Cuttlefish Restaurant. A. a potato B. a salad C. some chicken D. some juice 23. The picture is the _________ of the restaurant. A. bill B. photo C. menu D. passport 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲了墨鱼餐厅的营业时间和菜单等信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Our opening time is from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.”可知，营业时间从早上8点到晚上9点，因此下午一点你可以在墨鱼餐厅吃披萨。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据图片中“cucumber 1$”及“potato 1$”可知，如果只有一美元，可以买一个土豆或黄瓜。故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据图中信息是餐馆的菜单价格可知，图片是餐厅的菜单。故选C。 Lang Jiaziyu was born in 1995. However, his interests are very different from those of other young people. Lang likes making dough figurines (面人), or “mian ren”. It is a traditional Chinese art and it has a history of over 2, 000 years. On his desk, you can see many “mian ren” of famous people. Lang Jiaziyu became interested in “mian ren” at the age of five. He likes to turn what he sees into “mian ren”. He learned the craft (手艺) from his grandfather, Lang Shao’an. He was famous as “Mianren Lang”. He traveled to 12 countries to show his art when he was young. There are over 750 traditional crafts like “mian ren” in China. More than half of them are in danger of disappearing. Few young people even know about them. Lang says he often feels lonely. Because no one can share the joy of making “mian ren” with him. These days, Lang Jiaziyu is making dough figurines about popular cartoon characters and famous people. He also tries to make short videos (视频) of his craft and put them online. The young man hopes that in this way, more young people can become interested in the art form. 24. Lang Jiaziyu became interested in “mian ren” when he was _________ years old. A 4 B. 5 C. 12 D. 20 25. More than half of the traditional crafts in China _________. A. have a history of 2, 000 years B. are very popular in the world C. are in danger of disappearing D. are made to be short videos 26. Lang Jiaziyu is making dough figurines about _________ these days. A. popular students B. famous people C. lovely animals D. beautiful flowers 27. From the passage we know that _________. A. Lang Jiaziyu’s interests are the same as those of other young people B. there are more than 750 traditional crafts like “mian ren” in Japan C. Lang Jiaziyu can share the joy of making “mian ren” with everyone D. Lang Jiaziyu hopes more young people can be interested in “mian ren” 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了郎佳子彧对制作面人的兴趣和他的努力。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Lang Jiaziyu became interested in ‘mian ren’ at the age of five”可知郎佳子彧是在五岁的时候对“面人”产生兴趣。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“More than half of them are in danger of disappearing”可知中国的传统艺术有一半以上面临失传的危险。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“These days, Lang Jiaziyu is making dough figurines about popular cartoon characters and famous people.”可知, 郎佳子彧这段时间在制作名人的雕像。故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The young man hopes that in this way, more young people can become interested in the art form.”可知,郎佳子彧希望更多的年轻人对“面人”感兴趣。故选D。 There are a lot of people in our neighborhood. We all think our neighborhood is a good place to live in. And we get on well with our neighbors. Here are some of my neighbors and I want to introduce (介绍) them to you. Mrs. Phelps lives in front of the supermarket. She and her family speak Russian, but when they see me, they always say “hello” to me in English. Mrs. Phelps is a great cook. When other neighbors are sick sometimes. She always helps them make dinner. It is so kind of her! Across from the post office is Craig’s house. Craig loves dancing and he teaches dancing lessons in a children’s school. After he gets up every morning, he dances for half an hour. Then he goes to work. Craig is a friendly man. He often teaches the kids in our neighborhood to dance. Behind the post office is Mr. Tramp’s store. When we go there to buy fresh vegetables and fruit, he always gives the best ones to us. Next to Mr. Tramp’s store live the Greens. There are five people in this family. Mr. Green and Mrs. Green work in a big hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. Their three sons are in the same school. After school, they often play basketball with the kids in our neighborhood and sometimes help the old carry heavy bags. The neighbors are from different places but everyone works to build a clean and beautiful neighborhood because we are a big family. 28. Mrs. Phelps and her family are most probably from _________. A. Russia B. China C. Japan D. America 29. Craig’s house is _________. A. in front of the supermarket B. across from the post office C. behind the post office D. next to Mr. Tramp’s store 30. We can infer (推断) from the passage that _________. A. Mrs. Phelps are kind and she always helps sick neighbors make dinner B. Craig loves drawing and he teaches drawing lessons in a children’s school C. the neighbors can buy anything they want in Mr. Tramp’s store at any time D. Mr. Green’s sons are popular with the kids and the old in the neighborhood 31. The best title of this passage probably is _________. A. Our Beautiful House B. A Good Place to Live in C. A Big Family in China D. Different People, Different Places 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者所在社区的一些邻居。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Mrs. Phelps lives in front of the supermarket. She and her family speak Russian”可知，Phelps夫人和她家人说俄语，由此推知，他们来自俄罗斯。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Across from the post office is Craig’s house.”可知，Craig的家在邮局对面。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“After school, they often play basketball with the kids in our neighborhood and sometimes help the old carry heavy bags.”可知，Green先生的儿子放学后经常和邻居的孩子一起打篮球，有时帮助老人提沉重的包。由此推知，Green先生的儿子很受邻里小孩和老人欢迎。故选D。 【31题详解】 标题归纳题。根据第一段“There are a lot of people in our neighborhood. We all think our neighborhood is a good place to live in.”可知，文章主要介绍了作者所居住的社区，所以标题应为“一个居住的好地方”。故选B。 Many people feel unhappy. They don’t like to go out and always like to stay at home in the winter months. Now scientists think they find out the reason. In the 1970s, an American engineer called Herb Kem noticed that in spring and summer he was happy and had a lot of energy, but every winter he became unhappy and lazy. He thought it was because there wasn’t much daylight in winter. He asked some scientists to make a light box. He put it on his desk and after a few days he felt a lot better. The scientists gave his illness a name—Seasonal Affective Disorder (季节性情绪失调), SAD. Actually, SAD also known as winter blues affects many people every year. In the United States about 6%～20% of people have SAD. And it is also very common in other countries like the UK and Sweden. They may get SAD in autumn and winter especially when the days are shorter and there is less daylight. Anyone can get SAD, but it’s more common among: •Women. •People who have a close relative (亲属) with SAD. •People who live far from the equator (赤道), where winter daylight hours are very short. People with SAD usually sleep a lot and feel tired all the time. They also eat a lot of sweet food and feel unhappy. The answer to the problem is bright light. People with SAD can use a light box for half an hour a day. Or they can go on holiday to a sunny country, of course! 32. According to the passage, people don’t like to _________ in the winter months. A. stay at home B. go out C. sleep a lot D. eat sweet food 33. The underlined word “energy” in Paragraph 2 means _________. A. 能量 B. 食物 C. 财富 D. 惰性 34. Herb Kem became unhappy and lazy every winter because _________. A. he put a light box on his desk B. he had a close relative with SAD C. he lived far from the equator D. there wasn’t much daylight 35. This passage is probably from a _________. A. science magazine B. story book C. sports newspaper D. school notice 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了季节性情绪失调的表象、原因和解决途径。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They don’t like to go out and always like to stay at home in the winter months.” 可知，人们不喜欢在冬天出门。故选B。 【33题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段“In the 1970s, an American engineer called Herb Kem noticed that in spring and summer he was happy and had a lot of energy, but every winter he became unhappy and lazy.”可知，Herb Kem每到冬天就变得不开心和懒惰，由句中的“but”可知，前后句是转折关系，所以前句应表示在春天和夏天他很快乐且精力充沛。因此energy的意思是“能量”。故选A。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“He thought it was because there wasn’t much daylight in winter. He asked some scientists to make a light box. He put it on his desk and after a few days he felt a lot better.”可知，每年冬天，Herb Kem都变得不开心且懒惰，是因为日光不够。故选D。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The scientists gave his illness a name—Seasonal Affective Disorder (季节性情绪失调), SAD.”以及全文的信息可知，本文主要介绍了季节性情绪失调的表象、原因和解决途径，因此本文是一篇科普性文章，所以能从科学杂志中读到。故选A。 ①When Anne woke up the next morning, she could not remember where she was. Then, she remembered. This was Green Gables (绿山墙) and they didn’t want her because she wasn’t a boy! She looked out of the window sadly. She wished they would not send her away. ②During the drive back to the station, Marilla said, “It’s five miles, and because you enjoy talking so much, you can tell me about yourself.” “I was eleven last March”, said Anne, “and I was born in Bolingbroke (波林布洛克). My father and mother were teachers. They were very poor and lived in a small yellow house in Bolingbroke. My mother died from a fever soon after I was born, and my father died four days later from a fever, too.” ③“I lived with the Thomas until I was eight years old and helped look after their other children. Then, Mr. Thomas was killed when he fell under a train. Then, Mrs. Hammond took me, and I lived with her for two years. and looked after all her children. Then, she died. Nobody wanted me, so I was put in a children’s home.” ④Marilla asked no more questions. Anne thought Marilla would send her away and she felt very disappointed. In fact, Marilla felt sorry for Anne. The child had a hard life, living with people who did not really want her. ⑤The next afternoon, Marilla said to the little girl, “Sit down and listen. We have decided that ▲ .” ⑥“Oh, thank you,” Anne said happily. 36. Anne’s father and mother were _________. A. doctors B. teachers C. workers D. officers 37. How did Anne’s feelings change in the story? A. worried—happy—disappointed B. happy—sorry—worried C. sad—disappointed—happy D sad—happy—sorry 38. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ ? A. we have to send you away from Green Gables in three days B. we have to send you back to the children’s home tomorrow C. you may stay here and you can go to school in September D. you can live by yourself because it is hard for us to keep you 39. The structure (结构) of the pass age may be _________. A. B. C. D. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是《绿山墙的安妮》里的小片段。主要讲述了Anne一个人面对再一次被送回儿童之家时与Marilla的对话。听完对话后，Marilla同情这个女孩，决定留下她。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“My father and mother were teachers.”可知，Anne的父母是教师，故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“She looked out of the window sadly.”，第四段“Anne thought Marilla would send her away and she felt very disappointed.”和第六段“Anne said happily.”可知，Anne的情绪先是悲伤，然后失望，最后是开心的，故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“‘Oh, thank you,’ Anne said happily.”可知，Anne高兴地谢谢了Marilla，说明这个决定应该是件好事，选项C“你可以留在这里，九月份你可以去上学”符合语境，故选C。 【39题详解】 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段是事情的起因，第二、三、四段是事情的经过，第五、六段是事情的结果，故选A。 V. 口语应用。（共5分） 阅读下面对话，从文后7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。 A: Hello! May I help you? B: We’d like to take a trip for summer vacation, please. A: There are many trips. ___40___ B: We’d like to choose Mount Tai. A: It’s one of the most famous mountains in China. It’s really a great place to visit. ___41___ B: We don’t know. Which hotel do you think is comfortable with good price? A: The Sky Hotel is quite good. ___42___ I think it’s the most important of all. B: Oh, it’s good, but it’s too expensive for us. A: OK, I’ll find you a cheaper one later. ___43___ B: Sure. Here is my ID card. By the way, can we pay with WeChat (微信)? A: ___44___ Enjoy your trip to Mount Tai! B: Thank you. A. How about taking planes there? B. Which hotel do you want to stay in? C. Yes, of course you can. D. Will you please show me your ID card (身份证)? E. Which one would you like to choose? F. And it’s very quiet and clean. G. And it’s quite cheap. 【答案】40. E 41. B 42. F 43. D 44. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是预订暑假旅行线路及酒店的一则对话。 【40题详解】 根据“There are many trips.”及“We’d like to choose Mount Tai.”可知，空处是询问要挑选哪个路线，选项E“你想选择哪一个？”符合情景，故选E。 【41题详解】 根据“We don’t know. Which hotel do you think is comfortable with good price?”可知，空处是询问关于酒店的信息，选项B“你想住在哪家酒店？”符合情景，故选B。 【42题详解】 根据“The Sky Hotel is quite good.”及“I think it’s the most important of all.”可知，空处是介绍“it”指代的内容，且和选择该酒店的理由有关，选项F“而且非常安静干净。”符合情景，故选F。 【43题详解】 根据“Sure. Here is my ID card.”可知，空处请求对方出示身份信息，选项D“你能给我出示你的身份证吗？”符合情景，故选D。 【44题详解】 根据“By the way, can we pay with WeChat (微信)?”可知，空处应是回答是否可以用微信支付，选项C“是的，当然可以。”符合情景，故选C。 VI. 任务型阅读。（共9分） 阅读下文并回答问题。 When I was a kid, I wanted to be either a doctor or a lawyer (律师). I could save people’s lives with medicine or the law (法律). Kids now are different. Those in the US and the UK want to be YouTubers. That’s not a surprise. They grow up with the Internet, and many of them are on YouTube a lot. To those kids, YouTubers have an easy job. They just make videos of themselves. In fact, YouTubers’ work isn’t easy at all. They need to play video games or introduce dances to people all day. And they still need to make their videos (视频) look good to attract (吸引) people. What’s more, they need to learn art, science and so on. Also, they need to get people to watch their videos. That’s difficult because there are so many videos and YouTubers out there already. They should make their videos so different from others’ that people would enjoy them. Even so, it’s good to have dreams and follow them. Just be ready to work hard to make them come true. Anything can happen as long as you put your mind to it. 45. Did the writer want to be a teacher when he was a kid? ________________________ 46. What do the kids in the US and the UK grow up with? ________________________ 47. What kind of videos do people enjoy according to the passage? 　 ________________________ 48. Do you want to be a YouTuber in the future? Why or why not? ________________________ 【答案】45. No, he didn’t. 46. They grow up with the Internet. 47. They look good and are different from others’. 48. Yes. Because I am interested in the Internet and making videos. Also, I am good at making different kinds of attractive videos to make people enjoyable. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了美国和英国的孩子们想成为YouTubers，但事实上，YouTuber的工作一点也不容易。 【45题详解】 根据第一段“When I was a kid, I wanted to be either a doctor or a lawyer”可知作者小时候不想当老师。故答案为：No, he didn’t. 【46题详解】 根据第二段“They grow up with the Internet, and many of them are on YouTube a lot.”可知他们是伴随着互联网长大的。故答案为：They grow up with the Internet. 【47题详解】 根据第三段“And they still need to make their videos (视频) look good to attract (吸引) people.”以及第四段“They should make their videos so different from others’ that people would enjoy them.”可知人们喜欢看起来不错, 和别人的不一样的视频。故答案为：They look good and are different from others’. 【48题详解】 开放性问答。可作答：我将来想成为YouTuber，因为我对互联网和制作视频感兴趣。此外, 我擅长制作各种有吸引力的视频，让人们感到愉快。故答案为：Yes. Because I am interested in the Internet and making videos. Also, I am good at making different kinds of attractive videos to make people enjoyable. Ⅶ. 完成句子。（每空1分, 共10分）根据所给提示, 完成句子。每空一词, 含缩略词。 49. Darren tells me that he likes eating vegetables and fruit. (改为否定句) Darren ________ ________ me that he likes eating vegetables and fruit. 【答案】 ①. doesn’t ②. tell 【解析】 【详解】句意：Darren告诉我他喜欢吃蔬菜和水果。本句是宾语从句，根据两个空的位置可知，本句是要否定主句部分；主句的主语为第三人称单数，谓语为一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，变为否定句要在谓语前加否定助动词doesn’t，然后谓语动词变为原形。故填doesn’t；tell。 50. They are going to take a good rest after a long day at school. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ they going to do after a long day at school? 【答案】 ①. What ②. are 【解析】 【详解】句意：在学校度过漫长的一天后他们打算好好休息一下。划线部分是动词短语，应使用what来提问，特殊疑问词what位于句首应大写首字母；疑问语序中，be动词are应放在主语they之前。故填What；are。 51. We should learn to look after ourselves when our parents are busy with work. (改为同义句) We should learn to _________ _________ ourselves when our parents are busy with work. 【答案】 ①. care ②. for 【解析】 【详解】句意：当我们的父母忙于工作时，我们应该学会照顾自己。look after“照顾”，和care for意思一样，to后面加动词原形。故填care；for。 52. 我们明天是否要去旅行取决于天气。 Whether we will have a trip or not ________ the weather tomorrow. 【答案】depends on 【解析】 【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，应该填的是“取决于”，depend on意为“取决于”，时态是一般现在时，主语“Whether we will have a trip or not”是whether引导的主语从句，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填depends on。 53. 玛利亚如此喜欢这件唐装以至于爸爸给她买了。（完成译句） Maria liked this Chinese Tang costume _________ much _________ her father bought it for her. 【答案】 ①. so ②. that 【解析】 【详解】对照中英文可知，本空缺少“如此……以至于……”。“so+形容词/副词+that从句”表示“如此……以至于……”，两空之间的much为副词。故填so；that。 Ⅷ. 短文填空。（每空2分, 共16分） 根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。 For most people, it’s usually not easy to leave their warm beds in the morning, especially on cold days. How about you? What can you do if you think it’s difficult to get out of your bed early? Please ____54____ at the advice below! Get your body moving To help you get up, you can put your alarm clock (闹钟) far away from your bed. When it goes off, you will need to get out of the ____55____ to turn it off. Then, you can take a moment to do a few push-ups (俯卧撑) or long jumps. These simple exercises will help to wake up your body. Change the lighting We all know that a dark environment helps your mind and body get ready ____56____ the sleep. So you should change the light in your bedroom. Make sure it isn’t too bright and stop looking at your phone at least an hour ____57____ you go to bed. Next morning, you can open the curtains (窗帘) to let in more ____58____. This will help you stay awake. Reward (奖励) yourself Do something you love as soon as you wake up. The reward can be as simple as making yourself a cup of your favorite coffee or tea. ____59____, you can watch the sunrise or read a few pages of a good book. When you look forward to doing something in the early morning, you will become ____60____ active to get up than before. Well, when you have difficulty ____61____ up in the morning, hope these advice can help you a lot. If you have different opinions and more advice, you can tell us. 【答案】54. look 55. bed 56. for 57. before 58. light 59. Also##Besides 60. more 61. getting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对早晨起床困难的问题给出了一些建议。 【54题详解】 句意：请看下面的建议！look at看，是固定搭配。故填look。 【55题详解】 句意：当它响铃时，你需要起床把它关掉。根据上文“To help you get up, you can put your alarm clock far away from your bed.”可知，为了帮你起床，把闹钟放在离床远的地方，为了关闹钟你就需要从床(bed)上起来。故填bed。 【56题详解】 句意：我们都知道黑暗的环境有助于你的身心为睡眠做好准备。get ready for为……作准备，为固定搭配。故填for。 【57题详解】 句意：确保它不是太亮，并且在上床睡觉前至少一个小时停止看手机。分析句子结构，空处应填连词，结合常识可知，应该是在睡觉前停止看手机，用before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 【58题详解】 句意：第二天早上， 你可以拉开窗帘， 让更多的光进来。结合本段小标题“Change the lighting”以及常识可知，拉开窗帘的目的是让光线(light)进来，有助于让你清醒。故填light。 【59题详解】 句意：此外， 你可以看日出或读几页好书。根据第四段第一句“Do something you love as soon as you wake up.”可知，后面在列举你早上喜欢做的事情，空后为第二件喜欢做的事情，空处应该填表示“此外，并且”之意，可填also或besides，首字母大写。故填Also/Besides。 【60题详解】 句意：当你期待着在清晨做某事时，你会变得比以前更积极地起床。根据than可知句中包含比较级， active的比较级为more active。故填more。 【61题详解】 句意：好吧，当你早上起床有困难时，希望这些建议能对你有很大帮助。get up起床，为固定搭配；have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，为固定表达。故填getting。 IX. 书面表达。（满分20分） 62. 常言道：“帮助别人就是帮助自己。”相信在你成长的道路中一定接受过别人的帮忙，也一定帮助过其他人。帮助他人的方式多种多样，现校学生会面向全校学生征稿。请你以“Helping Others”为题，分享一件你帮助他人的小故事，并谈谈你对帮助他人的感受或者理解。 要求：1. 80～120词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。 参考信息： 1. 分享“帮助他人”的小故事；（比如帮妈妈做饭、帮同学学习英语、给陌生人指路⋯⋯） 2. 你对帮助他人的感受或者理解；（感到很高兴、自己也得到提升、非常有成就感/满足感⋯⋯） 3. ⋯⋯ Helping Others Many people think helping others is helping themselves. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Helping Others Many people think helping others is helping themselves. I think it’s true, and I think helping others is also a chance to improve myself. Last Friday afternoon, my mom was so busy and came back home very late. So I wanted to help her cook dinner. I chose to fry potatoes. I cleaned all the potatoes and cut them. However, I was afraid to fry them with oil. With my mother’s help, I put the potatoes in the pot very carefully and I made it successfully. From the experience of helping my mother, I realized helping others is helping myself. Also, helping my mom to cook teaches me to solve problems by myself. I believe that I can keep improving myself by helping others in different ways. Hope all of us can help others while getting help from them and live a happy life. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：以“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”为主； ③提示：考生应注意结合具体语境使用正确的时态，适当发挥，使上下文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明自己相信“帮助别人就是帮助自己”； 第二步，分享“帮助他人”的小故事； 第三步，谈谈你对帮助他人的感受或者理解。 [亮点词汇] ①be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 ②successfully成功地 ③by oneself独自 [高分句型] ①I think it’s true, and I think helping others is also a chance to improve myself.（省略that的宾语从句） ②I believe that I can keep improving myself by helping others in different ways.（that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$