精品解析：安徽省阜阳市第三中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期中英语试题

null 高二英语试卷 考生注意: 1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。 2, 答题前, 考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3. 考生作答时, 请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 非选择题请用直径 0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效, 在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 4. 本卷命题范围: 人教版必修第一册至选择性必修第三册。 第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the manager come to his office tomorrow morning? A. At 9:30. B. At 10:45. C. At 11:00. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Do you think the staff manager could see me tomorrow before 9:30? M: He won't be in till 10:45, so the earliest would be 11. W: Is 12:40 any good? M: Yes, I'll make a note of it. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why has the man been away for a long time? A. He went to Glasgow. B. He lost his job. C. He was sick. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: We haven’t seen you for ages. Have you been ill? M: No, I’ve been up north for a month. W: Where was that? M: Glasgow. I got back the day before yesterday. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the speakers? A. In a bakery. B. In a restaurant. C. At home. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Good morning. What’s for breakfast? W: Morning. The usual. Eggs, toast, and bacon. Coffee, if you want. The sugar is on the table. The milk’s in the refrigerator. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel now? A. Excited. B. Sleepy. C. Relaxed. 【答案】B 【解析】 原文】W: Why are you not energetic? M: I shouldn’t have stayed up so late watching the exciting game. I guess I’ll just have to pay the price and be sleepy. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Driver and passenger. C. A couple. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Sorry, but I didn’t quite catch that. M: I said, “Do you want a lift?” W: Isn’t it out of your way? M: No, it’s on my way home. 第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What is the woman doing? A. Making an outing plan. B. Entertaining some friends. C. Reminding the man of an appointment, 7. Who did the man plan to meet tonight? A. Jim. B. Frank. C. Adrian, 【答案】6. C 7. B 【解析】 原文】W: Don’t forget, Jim and Adrian are coming over tonight. M: I thought they were coming next week. W: No. Tonight’s the night. I told you at least half a dozen times! M: Well, I forgot. W: You forget all too easily if you ask me. M: Anyway, I’ve made other plans. M: I told Frank I'd help him work on his car. W: Like what? W: Then, you’ll just have to tell him you can't come. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the woman looking for? A. Envelopes. B. Photographs. C. Art supplies. 9. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a studio. B. In a store. C. In a post office. 【答案】8. A 9. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, welcome to Royal Stationery. How may I help you? W: Well, I was wondering if you could help me find something. I have to mail some photographs, so I need some large envelopes that won’t bend. M: Yeah, we do. It’s on the 3rd floor, right by the art supplies. Let me show you. Follow me, please. W: Oh, great. And do you know if there’s a post office nearby? I need to send the photos today. M: Actually, we offer shipping service here. W: That’s perfect. By the way, how can I track my order then? M: We’ll give you a track number, and you can check it online. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What does Grace ask Jack to do? A. Fix the copy machine. B. Attend a staff meeting. C. Photocopy some documents, 11. What do we know about the Marple office? A. It is not faraway. B. It is a repair shop. C. It is the meeting room. 12. What does Jack agree to do? A. Repair the machine soon. B. Receive more training. C. Go to the office in Marple. 【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Good morning, Jack. Can you photocopy these reports for me, please? I need them for the staff meeting tomorrow morning. M: Hi, Grace. Unfortunately, the copy machine is out of order. The repairman is supposed to be coming this afternoon to look after it, but this is the second time it has broken down in the past two weeks, so it may not be fixable. W: Oh, man! Would you be able to run to our office in Marple? It is only a ten-minute drive. I just need to make sure I am prepared for this meeting. M: Yeah, I can do that. I actually did my training at the Marple office, so I am familiar with it. I can leave right now. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To make a reservation. B. To get the latest information. C. To confirm an order. 14. When was the project originally scheduled to start? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 15. Who is Richard? A. The client. B. The supplier. C. The speakers' colleague. 16. How long might it actually take to finish the job? A. Five days. B. Four days. C. Three days. 【答案】13 B 14. A 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Hello. I’d like an update on the Mondvale Hotel job. Are we still on schedule to begin on Monday? M: No, I’m afraid that there has been some delay in getting the decoration materials. It looks like we may be held up until Wednesday. Oh, I forgot it. Richard just got off the phone with the supplier. It looks like everything will arrive on Monday afternoon, so we could actually begin the job on Tuesday. W: That's good news. I’ll call the client this morning and let them know. M: You should also remind them that we will begin working on the guest rooms first and work our way toward the hall and first-floor reception areas last. We'll send a large crew so the work can be finished quickly. W: How long do you think it will take to complete the job? M: We can probably be finished on Friday, as we originally planned. W: Excellent. They’re a new client with several locations in our city, so I want things to go smoothly. I’m sure there will be more work with them in the long run if all goes well. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the speaker's book about? A. Website design. B. Women's basketball. C. Men's football. 18. When did the speaker have the idea to build a website? A. After university. B. At university. C. At high school. 19. Why did the speaker change the name of her website? A. It wasn't successful at first. B. The original name wasn't suitable. C. She wanted to include other games. 20. What is unable to be found at the website? A. Childcare. B. Computer games. C. Make-up and fashion. 【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【原文】 W: Hi! My name's Britt Foxton, and I'm the founder of a website devoted to women's basketball, and I've also just written a book on the same subject. But first up, let me tell you how I got started with the site. Although it really got going once I was at university, it actually started out as a high-school project, you know, a "design a website" kind of thing. But it wasn't like anyone expected it to become real or anything. I designed a site about girls' basketball, which I was passionate about, and called it femalebasket, com. I knew the name wasn't right, and before it got really successful I changed it to matchgirl. com and that was a really good move. And although it started with basketball, the site's grown to include other games as well. It features a variety of articles and reviews on everything ranging from basketball to computer games, plus some more traditionally "girly" material as well. But the coverage of team sports is at the heart of it, anything about make-up or fashion is just secondary to that. 第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分） 第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A From the gardens of Iceland to the mountains of Nepal, here are four places to celebrate abundance and beauty in the natural world. Keukenhof Gardens, the Netherlands The Netherlands produces nearly 90% of the world's tulips, making it the unique destination for a wonderful spring experience. Cycle along the 25-mile Flower Route, where flower fields paint the countryside in bright colors. Travelers can also visit Keukenhof Gardens 16 miles southwest of Amsterdam. Considered the world's largest flower garden, Keukenhof features seven million flowering tulips from March to May. Umm Qais, Jordan Despite being 75% desert, Jordan's northern highlands burst with brightly colored flowers from March to May. Take a self-guided hike on one of the several ancient trails starting from the ruins of Umm Qais or hire a local guide who can offer cultural and historical context and help you identify wildflowers along the way, including Jordan's endangered national flower, the black iris. Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina Travelers can find a wealth of plant species in North Carolina's mountains—the most in any similarly sized area in North America. The best known may be the pink and purple rhododendrons that blanket the Blue Ridge Mountains in summer. Numerous hiking trails leading to the amazing sights are just 30 miles from downtown Asheville. In June, travelers can take the hour-long drive from Asheville to Bakersville to enjoy the North Carolina Rhododendron Festival. Ghorepani Poon Hill, Nepal Travelling along the Ghorepani Poon Hill trek in spring offers breathtaking views of the country's iconic rhododendrons. March or April gives travelers the rhododendrons in full bloom, but November gives drier weather. Go with local Sherpa guides and cooks—it's part of the experience. 21. What is probably the best time to see the tulips in Keukenhof Gardens? A. February. B. April. C. June. D. November. 22. Which country considers the black iris as its national flower? A. Jordan. B. America. C. Nepal. D. The Netherlands. 23. What do the last two destinations have in common? A. They are surrounded by deserts. B. They have the most plant species. C. They offer unique ancient ruins. D. They are known for the same flower. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了几个旅游景点。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据Keukenhof Gardens, the Netherlands中的“Considered the world's largest flower garden, Keukenhof features seven million flowering tulips from March to May. ”（库肯霍夫被认为是世界上最大的花园，从3月到5月，这里有700万朵盛开的郁金香。）可知，四月是观看郁金香最好的时间。故选B项。 【22题详解】 根据 Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina中的“Take a self-guided hike on one of the several ancient trails starting from the ruins of Umm Qais or hire a local guide who can offer cultural and historical context and help you identify wildflowers along the way, including Jordan's endangered national flower, the black iris.”（从乌姆盖斯遗址出发，在几条古老的小径上自行徒步旅行，或者雇佣一名当地导游，他可以提供文化和历史背景，并帮助你辨认沿途的野花，包括约旦濒临灭绝的国花黑鸢尾花。）可知，黑鸢尾花是约旦的国花。故选A项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina中的“The best known may be the pink and purple rhododendrons that blanket the Blue Ridge Mountains in summer. ”（最有名的可能是夏天覆盖蓝岭山脉的粉红色和紫色杜鹃花。）和Ghorepani Poon Hill, Nepal中的“Travelling along the Ghorepani Poon Hill trek in spring offers breathtaking views of the country's iconic rhododendrons.”（在春天沿着Ghorepani Poon山徒步旅行，可以看到这个国家标志性的杜鹃花的壮丽景色。）可知，这两个地方都以杜鹃花出名。故选D项。 B It's a sunny March afternoon at Winchester Village Elementary School in Indianapolis, and teacher Natasha Cummings surprises her second graders when she declares the day's activity: They'll be demonstrating a total solar eclipse (日食) using the real sun, a globe and a moon made out of a plastic ball fixed on a stick. In a grassy area outside the school, Cummings' eclipse experiment begins: Students take turns holding the globes and casting a shadow with their plastic balls. Cummings directs them to aim the shadow over the spot on the globe where Indianapolis would be. It's a little disorganized at first, but the students quickly figure out how to properly position the moon's shadow over their hometown. On April 8, 2024, part of America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only an amazing white ring of the sun will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality. "For most of my students, this event is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity since the next one won't happen until 2153," Cummings says. "I hope learning about and witnessing the eclipse will get them excited about science. Above all, I want to show that science is not done by old, gray-haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Instead, it's all around us." Thomas Hockey, a professor of astronomy at the University of Northern Iowa, says the fact that elementary school teachers like Cummings are now teaching about the eclipse is an indication that science education has improved since he was a child. "I didn't learn about solar eclipses when I was in grade school, but I still remember my first eclipse experience outside my home in Angola, Indiana. It was on March 7, 1970, nearly a year after the Apollo program had put the first person on the moon, "Hockey recalls. "My interest in space was already developing. But the partial eclipse was one of the reasons I chose to study astronomy." 24. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce another topic for discussion. 25. What is Natasha Cummings's main purpose in carrying out the experiment? A. To protect her students. B. To try a new teaching method. C. To learn about the eclipse. D. To show that science is not mysterious. 26. What message does Thomas Hockey really want to convey in the last paragraph? A. He loved science when he was a child. B. The Apollo program is more important. C. He regrets never meeting a good teacher. D. The eclipse experience is very inspiring. 27. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A lesson plan. B. A news report. C. A guidebook. D. An interview. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了印第安纳波利斯的温彻斯特的小学教师Natasha Cummings希望通过一个日食实验来激发孩子们的探索欲望并消除科学的神秘感。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“On April 8, 2024, part of America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only an amazing white ring of the sun will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality.”（2024年4月8日，美国部分地区将经历日全食，届时月亮将完全遮住太阳，天空变暗，只有一个令人惊叹的白色太阳环可以看到。印第安纳波利斯是全食路径上的几个城市之一。）可知，这段主要是解释Natasha Cummings为什么要做那个实验，即4月8日，美国部分地区将经历日全食。由此可推知，作者在第3段打算添加一些背景信息。故选C项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Above all, I want to show that science is not done by old, gray-haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Instead, it's all around us.”（最重要的是，我想表明，科学不一定是由穿着实验室工作服、头发花白的老人完成的。相反，它就在我们身边。）可推知，Natasha Cummings做这个实验的主要目的是为了证明科学并不神秘。故选D项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“"I didn't learn about solar eclipses when I was in grade school, but I still remember my first eclipse experience outside my home in Angola, Indiana. It was on March 7, 1970, nearly a year after the Apollo program had put the first person on the moon, "Hockey recalls. "My interest in space was already developing. But the partial eclipse was one of the reasons I chose to study astronomy."”（“我在小学的时候没有学过日食，但我仍然记得我在印第安纳州安哥拉的家外的第一次日食经历。那是1970年3月7日，在阿波罗计划将第一个人送上月球将近一年后，” Hockey回忆道。“我对太空的兴趣已经在发展。但日偏食是我选择学习天文学的原因之一。”）可知，Thomas Hockey在最后一段真正想要传达的信息是日食的经历非常鼓舞人心。故选D项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，文中不但有课堂现场的描写，还有对教师及专家的采访，因此这篇文章最有可能选自新闻报道。故选B项。 C Some civilizations record their pasts with art or books. Others pass on history through folk songs and dances. In Singapore, the story of how a ramshackle fishing village in Southeast Asia developed into a wealthy and modern country often comes in spoonfuls of peppery pork rib soup or bites of fried egg noodles at its hawker centers (小贩中心). For visitors, hawker centers might just seem like food courts: Follow your nose or the longest line, then pay a few Singapore dollars for a plate of food to enjoy at a shared table. For Singaporeans, hawker culture is about more than just a good meal. These food centers are symbols of the country’s diversified culture. Hawker centers are so central to Singapore that the country recently led a successful campaign to have the practice listed as the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. To accommodate (容纳) Singapore’s diversified population, the government made sure the hawker centers included Malay, Indian, and Chinese store owners. “Hawker centers are likely the first places where people will try another ethnic group’s food,” says Chee Kien Lai, author of Early Hawkers in Singa pore. “They’re open to everyone. You can get Chinese food or try Indian cuisine and get connected to different cultures and religions.” After Singapore’s rapid development in the 1970s and 80s, there was a sudden stop in the construction of hawker centers. Everybody was concentrating on becoming a knowledge-based society. By the time the government returned to building new hawker centers in 2011, many people wondered if there were enough people to carry on the tradition. “Even though locals love eating at hawker centers, few are interested in running a small food shop themselves,” says Chee. “The cost of labor has gone up, with the younger, better-educated generation put off by the long hours and physical work the job requires. As aging hawkers retire, their recipes risk extinction.” That’s one of the reasons that, in 2019, Singapore’s National Heritage Board put the hawkers forward for UNESCO recognition. “We need to make them our local cultural heroes,” says Tay. 28. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ramshackle” in paragraph l? A. Poor. B. Big. C. Unfriendly. D. Pretty. 29. For Singaporeans, the hawker centers are__________. A. a means of passing on their history B. an easy way to earn a living C. symbols of being a modern country D. just good places for cheap food 30. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A. Singapore has a very diversified population. B. Hawker centers declined shortly after the 1980s. C. There is intense competition among the hawkers. D. Young people enjoy working at the hawker centers. 31. What is Chee Kien Lai worried about? A. The rising prices of food. B. The high cost of labor in Singapore. C. The disappearance of hawker centers. D. A lack of customers for hawker centers. 【答案】28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被列为联合国非物质文化遗产的新加坡小贩中心。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词后“developed into a wealthy and modern country (发展成为一个富裕和现代化的国家)”可推断，ramshackle与wealthy, modern的意思相反，也就是意为“贫穷的”，和poor意思相近。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These food centers are symbols of the country’s diversified culture. (这些美食中心是这个国家多元文化的象征。)”可知，对新加坡人来说，小贩中心是他们传承历史的一种方式。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“After Singapore’s rapid development in the 1970s and 80s, there was a sudden stop in the construction of hawker centers. Everybody was concentrating on becoming a knowledge-based society. (新加坡在上世纪七八十年代快速发展之后，小贩中心的建设突然停止。每个人都专注于成为一个知识型社会。)”可推断，在上世纪八十年代，小贩中心开始走下坡路了。故选B。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“As aging hawkers retire, their recipes risk extinction. (随着上了年纪的小贩退休，他们的食谱面临着灭绝的危险。)”可知，Chee Kien Lai担心小贩中心会消亡。故选C。 D It is no secret that building a large language model (LLM) requires huge amounts of data. In conventional training, an LLM is fed mountains of texts and encouraged to guess each word before it appears. With each prediction, the LLM makes small adjustments to improve its chances of guessing right. The end result is something that has a certain statistical "understanding" of what is proper language and what isn't. But an LLM that has only undergone this so-called "pretraining" is not yet particularly useful. When asked for a joke to cheer you up, for instance, the pretrained model GPT-2 just repeated the question back three times. Clearly, improved training methods have to be found. Here comes the so-called Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback (RLHF), which normally involves three steps. First, human volunteers are asked to choose which of potential LLM responses might better fit a given situation. This process is repeated many thousands of times over. Then the final data set is used to train a reward model. Finally, the well-trained reward model is employed to train the original LLM. But this way of doing RLHF is quite complex and using two separate LLMs takes time and money. It now turns out that the same result can be achieved with much less effort. Dr Rafailov and his colleagues, including Archit Sharma and Eric Mitchell, presented this alternative in December 2023 at an AI conference. Their method, Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO), relies on a satisfying mathematical trick. According to the authors, removing the middleman makes DPO between three and six times more efficient than RLHF, and capable of better performance at tasks such as text summarisation. Its ease of use is already allowing smaller companies to train their own models. "A year ago, only a few world-leading models, such as Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT-4, could afford to use RLHF, "says Dr Rafailov. "But as of March 12, eight out of the ten LLMs used DPO." 32. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The applications of GPT-2. B. The secret of building LLMs. C. The process of pretraining. D. The limitations of pretrained LLMs. 33. Which of the following words can best describe RLHF? A. Expensive. B. Efficient. C. Useless. D. Simple. 34. What can be learned about DPO from Dr Rafailov's words? A. It has to use more LLMs. B. It is much more popular than RLHF. C. It is still too complex to use. D. It is not cheap enough for small companies. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. DPO, the Perfect LLM Training Method B. The Development of Large Language Models C. A Brief Introduction to LLM Training Methods D. GPT-4, the Most Intelligent Large Language Model 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种大语言模型的训练方法：预训练、RLHF和DPO。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“But an LLM that has only undergone this so-called "pretraining" is not yet particularly useful. When asked for a joke to cheer you up, for instance, the pretrained model GPT-2 just repeated the question back three times. Clearly, improved training methods have to be found.”（但是，一个只经历过这种所谓的“预训练”的LLM还不是特别有用。例如，当被要求讲一个笑话让你高兴起来时，预训练的模型GPT-2只会把问题重复三次。显然，必须找到改进的培训方法。）可知，第二段主要讲的是预训练LLMs的局限性。故选D项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But this way of doing RLHF is quite complex and using two separate LLMs takes time and money.”（但是这种做RLHF的方法非常复杂，使用两个独立的LLMs需要时间和金钱。）可知，RLHF这种训练方法很费钱。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to the authors, removing the middleman makes DPO between three and six times more efficient than RLHF, and capable of better performance at tasks such as text summarisation.”（根据作者的说法，消除中间人使DPO的效率比RLHF高3到6倍，并且能够在文本摘要等任务中表现更好。）以及“"But as of March 12, eight out of the ten LLMs used DPO."”（“但截至3月12日，10个LLMs中有8个使用了DPO。”）可推知，DPO比RLHF更受欢迎。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“It is no secret that building a large language model（LLM）requires huge amounts of data. In conventional training, an LLM is fed mountains of texts and encouraged to guess each word before it appears. With each prediction, the LLM makes small adjustments to improve its chances of guessing right. The end result is something that has a certain statistical "understanding" of what is proper language and what isn't.”（众所周知，构建大型语言模型(LLM)需要大量的数据。在传统的培训中，LLM会被灌输大量的文本，并被鼓励在每个单词出现之前猜测它。对于每一次预测，LLM都会进行微调，以提高猜对的几率。最终的结果是，某种东西对什么是合适的语言，什么不是有一定的统计“理解”。）可知，文章介绍了三种训练大语言模型的方法及其优缺点。故文章最适合的标题是“LLM培训方法的简要介绍”。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Studies have shown that gardening and garden-based activities have positive impacts on childhood development, including better eating habits and stress relief. ___36___ . Here are some tips on how to create a great garden with your kids. Involve them from the very beginning Take your kids to the store and give them options to pick from. This will allow them to select plants that they can handle and are appropriate for your home conditions. Then give them tasks suitable to their age. For example, younger kids can be assigned to water plants or just cut yellow and brown leaves. ___37___ . Although you might want to step in when you see your children feeding a plant with too much water, some of the most lasting lessons come from just trying things out. Pick the perfect plant To make sure your garden is a success, assess both your home environment and your kids’ attention span. ___38___ . Instead, think about your goal: Growing something tasty? Filling your home with flowers? Then ask your kids to choose plants in their favorite colors. ___39___ Another way to get kids excited about gardening—and to raise lifelong nature lovers in the process—is to adopt eco-friendly methods. Seeds from ripe peppers or tomatoes can be saved and planted. Potato “eyes” can be planted and grow into potato plants. Reuse household items as planting vessels (容器). Almost anything can be used as planters, from old food containers to kids’ toys. ___40___ . For example, a plastic bottle in front of a hot window could be damaged by the heat soon. A. Above all, let them make mistakes B. Use leftovers to feed hungry plants C. Make gardens environment-friendly D. Taking care of the plant is a great way to learn E. Gardening may even help them become better science students F. Just make sure that your planters will hold up in the environment G. Don’t just pick up a plant because you like how it looks or the price is right 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个吸引孩子参与打理花园的方法。 【36题详解】 根据空前“Studies have shown that gardening and garden-based activities have positive impacts on childhood development, including better eating habits and stress relief.(研究表明，园艺和以园艺为基础的活动对儿童发展有积极影响，包括更好的饮食习惯和缓解压力。)”谈到的园艺对儿童发展的好处可知，空项很可能会进一步讲它的好处，进而引出下文让孩子参与园艺的建议，E选项“Gardening may even help them become better science students(园艺甚至可以帮助他们成为更好的理科生)”说的是园艺对孩子的好处，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 【37题详解】 空后“Although you might want to step in when you see your children feeding a plant with too much water, some of the most lasting lessons come from just trying things out.(虽然当你看到你的孩子给植物浇水太多的时候，你可能会想要介入，但一些最持久的教训来自于尝试。)”说明不要害怕孩子犯错，因为犯错可以让他们得到一些持久的教训，A选项“Above all, let them make mistakes(最重要的是，让他们犯错)”说明了要让他们犯错，由此启下，符合语境，故选A。 【38题详解】 本段小标题是“Pick the perfect plant(挑选最合适的植物)”，空格处也应该是关于挑选植物的，G选项“Don’t just pick up a plant because you like how it looks or the price is right(不要仅仅因为你喜欢一株植物的样子或者它的价格合适就选择它)”说明了不要因为你喜欢一株植物的样子或者它的价格合适就选择它，也是关于挑选植物的，因此符合本段语境，故选G。 【39题详解】 空格处是本段小标题，由空后“Another way to get kids excited about gardening—and to raise lifelong nature lovers in the process—is to adopt eco-friendly methods. Seeds from ripe peppers or tomatoes can be saved and planted. Potato “eyes” can be planted and grow into potato plants.(另一种让孩子们对园艺产生兴趣的方法——并在此过程中培养终身热爱大自然的人——是采用环保的方法。成熟的辣椒或西红柿的种子可以保存起来种植。马铃薯“芽眼”可以种植，长成马铃薯植株。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要让园艺变得环保，C选项“Make gardens environment-friendly(让花园变得环保)”说明了要让花园变得环保，概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题，故选C。 【40题详解】 空前“Reuse household items as planting vessels (容器). Almost anything can be used as planters, from old food containers to kids’ toys.(重复使用家庭物品作为种植容器。从旧食品容器到儿童玩具，几乎任何东西都可以用作花盆。)”说明了家里很多东西都可以作为花盆，空后“For example, a plastic bottle in front of a hot window could be damaged by the heat soon.(例如，一个塑料瓶放在炎热的窗户前，很快就会被高温损坏。)”说明有的塑料瓶可能会被高温破坏，所以在选择花盆时还需要选能在环境中坚持下去的花盆，F选项“Just make sure that your planters will hold up in the environment(要确保你的花盆能在这种环境中撑得住)”说明了要选择在环境中能撑下去的花盆，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2001, a storm hit Houston. More than 70, 000 houses were flooded, including the ___41___ of Sarah Feldman and her family. At the time, they were on vacation in another city, so they didn’t know what kind of ___42___ they were going to face when they got home. But then Feldman’s grandpa called with ___43___ news: All of her books had been destroyed in the flooding. Feldman was 14 at the time and loved ___44___ books. To cheer her up, Feldman’s father took her to the library at Yale University, where she ___45___ a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked in the library. When she told him about her collected books being destroyed, he ___46___ that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection. After ___47___ to Houston, she received his ___48___ , titled The Medieval Art Book by Barbara A. Shailor. Carver included a note that ___49___ : Dear Sarah, this is a rather scholarly book, which may be ____50____ mature for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your ____51____ library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in ____52____ to you. Feldman, who is in her 30s now, has fallen in love with medieval art since ____53____ that book. She has tried to find Carver years later, with no ____54____ . “If I could speak to him today,” says Feldman. “I would like to tell him how much that small gesture has ____55____ my life.” 41. A. book B. home C. city D. farm 42. A. decision B. judgement C. damage D. fact 43. A. great B. informal C. national D. bad 44. A. collecting B. hiding C. writing D. tearing 45. A. put off B. broke up C. cut in D. struck up 46. A. realized B. wished C. promised D. forgot 47. A. returning B. moving C. appealing D. adapting 48. A. call B. gift C. welcome D. guest 49. A. declared B. criticised C. read D. declined 50. A. harmfully B. physically C. merely D. slightly 51. A. new B. total C. meaningless D. strange 52. A. height B. value C. investment D. length 53. A. buying B. receiving C. publishing D. discovering 54. A. guidance B. help C. money D. success 55. A. changed B. hurt C. destroyed D. saved 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Sarah Feldman因为一场风暴失去了她所有的藏书，但随后她收到了耶鲁大学图书馆工作人员Bill Carver寄给她的一本名为《中世纪艺术书》的礼物。这本书不仅帮助她重新开始了她的藏书之旅，还激发了她对中世纪艺术的兴趣，影响了她的人生轨迹。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：超过7万所房屋被淹，其中包括Sarah Feldman和她的家人的家。A. book书；B. home家；C. city城市；D. farm农场。根据上文“More than 70, 000 houses were flooded”可知，超过7万所房屋被淹，其中也包括Sarah Feldman和她的家人的家。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，他们正在另一个城市度假，所以他们不知道回家后会面临什么样的损失。A. decision决定；B. judgement判断；C. damage损坏；D. fact事实。根据上文“More than 70, 000 houses were flooded, including the __1__ of Sarah Feldman and her family”可知，他们的家被淹了，面临着损失。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随后，Feldman的爷爷打电话告诉她一个坏消息：她所有的书都在洪水中被毁了。A. great很好的；B. informal不正式的；C. national国家的；D. bad坏的。根据下文“All of her books had been destroyed in the flooding”可知，她所有的书都在洪水中被毁了，这是一个坏消息。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Feldman当时14岁，喜欢收集书籍。A. collecting收集；B. hiding躲藏；C. writing写；D. tearing撕。根据下文“her collected books being destroyed”可知，Feldman喜欢收集书籍。故选A。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了让她振作起来，Feldman的父亲带她去了耶鲁大学的图书馆，在那里她和在图书馆工作的Bill Carver聊了起来。A. put off推迟；B. broke up分手；C. cut in插嘴；D. struck up开始交谈。根据下文“a conversation with Bill Carver”可知，她和在图书馆工作的Bill Carver聊天，空格处意为“开始交谈”。故选D。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她告诉他她收集的书被毁的事时，他答应他会寄给她一本书，这样她就可以重新开始收集了。A. realized意识到；B. wished希望；C. promised答应，承诺；D. forgot忘记。根据下文“he would send her a book in the mail”可知，空后的内容是Bill Carver承诺的事情，因此空格处用“答应，承诺”。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到休斯顿后，她收到了他的礼物，名为《中世纪艺术书》，作者是Barbara A. Shailor。A. returning回来；B. moving移动；C. appealing呼吁；D. adapting适应。根据第二段“they were on vacation in another city”和下文“to Houston”可知，她度完假后回到休斯顿后收到了礼物。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到休斯顿后，她收到了他的礼物，名为《中世纪艺术书》，作者是Barbara A. Shailor。A. call通话；B. gift礼物；C. welcome欢迎；D. guest客人。根据下文“titled The Medieval Art Book by Barbara A. Shailor”可知，后文所提到的这本书是礼物。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carver附上了一张纸条，上面写着：亲爱的Sarah，这是一本相当学术性的书，对你的年龄来说可能稍微有点成熟，但我认为它可能有助于你整理图书馆的新藏书。A. declared宣布；B. criticised批评；C. read写着；D. declined下降。根据上文“a note”和下文“Dear Sarah, this is a rather scholarly book, which may be _10__ mature for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your __11__ library collection”可知，Carver在礼物中附上了一张纸条，上面写着空后的内容，因此空格处是“写着”。故选C。 【50题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Carver附上了一张纸条，上面写着：亲爱的Sarah，这是一本相当学术性的书，对你的年龄来说可能稍微有点成熟，但我认为它可能有助于你整理图书馆的新藏书。A. harmfully有害地；B. physically身体上；C. merely仅仅；D. slightly稍微。根据上文“this is a rather scholarly book”和下文“mature for your age”可知，那本书是一本相当学术性的书，所以对Sarah的年龄来说稍微有点成熟了。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Carver附上了一张纸条，上面写着：亲爱的Sarah，这是一本相当学术性的书，对你的年龄来说可能稍微有点成熟，但我认为它可能有助于你整理图书馆的新藏书。A. new新的；B. total总的；C. meaningless毫无意义的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“restart her collection”可知，Sarah重启她的收藏，所以此处指的是新的藏书。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这本书对你的价值可能会增加。A. height高度；B. value价值；C. investment投资；D. length长度。根据上文“as the years progress, this book may grow”可知，随着时间推移，书对Sarah的价值可能会增加。故选B。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现年30多岁的Feldman自从收到那本书后，就爱上了中世纪艺术。A. buying买；B. receiving收到；C. publishing出版；D. discovering发现。根据上文“she received his __8__ , titled The Medieval Art Book”可知，Feldman收到那本书，自从收到那本书后，她就爱上了中世纪艺术。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，她试图找到Carver，但没有成功。A. guidance指导；B. help帮助；C. money钱；D. success成功。根据下文“If I could speak to him today”可知，她没有找到Carver，也就是没有成功找到Carver。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想告诉他，这个小小举动改变了我的生活。A. changed改变；B. hurt伤害；C. destroyed破坏；D. saved救。根据上文“Feldman, who is in her 30s now, has fallen in love with medieval art”可知，Carver送的书使Feldman爱上了中世纪艺术，所以是改变了她的生活。故选A。 第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Where the Sidewalk Ends is a book full of fascinating poems written ___56___ Shel Silverstein. It contains more than 100 of all kinds of poems-some are happy, some are funny and some are ___57___ (excite). Each poem comes with a nice drawing by the author ___58___ (he). Some of the pictures are very silly. My favourite poem ___59___ (call) Snowman. It is about ___60___ happy snowman, which always wants to see July. Other animals say that he will melt (融化) by then. But the snowman wants to see July so ___61___ (bad) that no matter what other people say, it does not bother the snowman one bit. This poem never says if he actually sees July. So you can only guess. Another poem I really like is Santa and the reindeer. This poem is about Christmas. Santa has to give ___62___ (variety) presents to the children while one of his reindeer is always asking what’s for him. I guess Santa gets really annoyed because he puts a flea (虱子) in the reindeer’s ear. And the next thing you know, they fly away and are ready ___63___ (continue) their journey through the world handing out presents to all the children ___64___ have behaved well. This book is fun to read because of all those unique poems. The ____65____ (character) of this book do many unusual things such as selling sisters, talking to fish and a lot more. 【答案】56. by 57. exciting 58. himself 59. is called 60. a 61. badly 62. various##varied 63. to continue 64. who##that 65. characters 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Shel Silverstein的一本诗集。 【56题详解】 考查介词。句意：Where the Sidewalk Ends是一本由Shel Silverstein写的充满迷人诗歌的书。Shel Silverstein是书的作者，因此空格处用介词by，表示“由……所写”，故填by。 【57题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它包含了100多首各种各样诗歌——有些是快乐的，有些是有趣的，有些是令人兴奋的。空格处用形容词作表语，some指代的是一些诗歌，用ing结尾的形容词exciting修饰，意为“令人兴奋的”，故填exciting。 【58题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：每首诗都附有作者自己画的漂亮图画。根据语境可知，句子表示“每首诗都附有作者自己画的漂亮图画”，空格处意为“他自己”，用反身代词himself，故填himself。 【59题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我最喜欢的诗叫Snowman。诗歌被叫作Snowman，句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语My favourite poem是单数，因此空格处是is called，故填is called。 【60题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是关于一个快乐的雪人，他总是想看到七月。snowman是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，happy是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 【61题详解】 考查副词。句意：但是雪人非常想看到七月，所以不管别人说什么，雪人一点也不介意。空格处用副词badly修饰动词wants，badly意为“很，非常”，故填badly。 【62题详解】 考查形容词。句意：圣诞老人不得不给孩子们各种各样的礼物，而他的一只驯鹿总是问他什么是给他的。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词presents，variety的形容词是various/varied，意为“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。 【63题详解】 考查不定式。句意：接下来你知道，他们飞走了，准备继续他们的世界之旅，给所有表现良好的孩子们分发礼物。be ready to do sth.是固定短语，意为“准备做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to continue，故填to continue。 【64题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：接下来，他们飞走了，准备继续他们的世界之旅，给所有表现好的孩子们分发礼物。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词children是人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 【65题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：这本书中的人物做了许多不寻常的事情，比如卖姐妹，和鱼说话等等。由do是原形可知，空格处用复数characters，故填characters。 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，市博物馆将于下周举办“中国华服周”活动。请给你的留学生好友Lily写封邮件，内容包括: 1. 活动目的; 2. 具体安排; 3. 邀请她参加。 注意: 1, 写作词数应为80个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lily, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Lily, There will be a free fashion show in the City Museum next week, which focuses on the development of Chinese clothing during more than two thousand years. The show starts on Monday next week and will last seven days. According to the poster, visitors can even try some of the traditional clothes, such as the famous "horse face skirt", and join in the catwalks with professional models. I think it is a very good opportunity to learn more about Chinese history and culture. If you are interested, we can go there on the weekend. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于市博物馆将于下周举办“中国华服周”活动这一情况，给你的留学生好友Lily写封邮件，邀请她参加。 【详解】1.词汇积累 关注于：focuses on→ concentrates on 机会：opportunity→ chance 著名的：famous→ well-known 了解：learn→ know 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The show starts on Monday next week and will last seven days. 拓展句：The show starts on Monday next week, which will last seven days. 【点睛】【高分句型1】There will be a free fashion show in the City Museum next week, which focuses on the development of Chinese clothing during more than two thousand years.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I think it is a very good opportunity to learn more about Chinese history and culture.（运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句。） 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 For the first two years in primary school, I was an extremely shy girl. I had a few friends, but it wasn’t easy for me to be very outgoing, even if I knew them well. If I was with strangers, I was even quieter. So I was not good at meeting new people, I was in constant fear that I would do or say something wrong. As a result, on our school’s annual play day, I usually sat in a remote corner to watch the performance alone, although I hoped to sit in the front rows to see the actors more clearly. One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, “Oh, Mary, you’re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet voice. You are perfect for Jenny!” But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, “Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don’t want to, you can turn down the offer.” My mind was running wild when Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, asked me to play the role. “She believes in me!” I thought. Just then I looked up and happened to see on the wall a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, “If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon.” Realizing it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was, I said firmly, “Okay, I’ll try my best, Mrs. Sally!” In the following five months, Mrs. Sally taught me how to put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The big day arrived at last. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At the moment, Mrs. Sally noticed my nervousness and approached me. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The big day arrived at last. I hurried all the way to the backstage of the school hall, where cameras were lighting up in all directions. Looking back on the five months of hard work, I found a new and confident person inside me. I eventually became a much more daring and outgoing person than I had been before. However, when I was about to go onto stage, my heart kept pounding so hard that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak. At the moment, Mrs. Sally noticed my nervousness and approached me. “It doesn’t matter how you do tonight,” she comforted me. “You’ve already shown how wonderful you are.” Looking into Mrs. Sally’s shining blue eyes, I calmed down and then walked onto the stage with her warm words like a ray of sunshine. When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. Facing the cheering audience, I knew that it was Mrs. Sally’s encouragement that helped me find the confidence to succeed. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个原本害羞的小学女生玛丽，在三年级时被她的老师莎莉夫人鼓励并挑选为戏剧日的重要角色——珍妮。尽管玛丽最初因为害羞而不敢接受这个角色，但在莎莉夫人的鼓励下，她鼓起勇气决定尝试。在准备过程中，玛丽逐渐克服了她的害羞，学习了化妆、背台词和制作服装等技能。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“大日子终于来了。”可知，第一段可描写作者即将上台表演的重要日子以及她内心的紧张与激动。 ②由第二段首句内容“这时，莎莉太太注意到我的紧张，走近我。”可知，第二段可描写作者在表演前因紧张而得到莎莉老师的安慰和鼓励，以及她随后上台表演并获得成功的经历。 2.续写线索：匆忙到后台——觉得自己成为了勇敢的人——作者紧张——Mrs. Sally安慰作者——作者走上舞台——表演成功 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①急忙赶到：hurry to/rush to ②安慰：comfort/console ③鼓掌：burst into applause/erupt into applause 情绪类 ①心跳加速：my heart kept pounding/my heart kept racing ②冷静下来：calm down/cool off 【点睛】[高分句型1] I hurried all the way to the backstage of the school hall, where cameras were lighting up in all directions.(由where引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Facing the cheering audience, I knew that it was Mrs. Sally’s encouragement that helped me find the confidence to succeed.(由现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句和强调句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二英语试卷 考生注意: 1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。 2, 答题前, 考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3. 考生作答时, 请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 非选择题请用直径 0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效, 在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 4. 本卷命题范围: 人教版必修第一册至选择性必修第三册。 第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the manager come to his office tomorrow morning? A. At 9:30. B. At 10:45. C. At 11:00. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why has the man been away for a long time? A. He went to Glasgow. B. He lost his job. C. He was sick. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the speakers? A. In a bakery. B. In a restaurant. C. At home. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel now? A. Excited. B. Sleepy. C. Relaxed. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Driver and passenger. C. A couple. 第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What is the woman doing? A. Making an outing plan. B. Entertaining some friends. C. Reminding the man of an appointment, 7. Who did the man plan to meet tonight? A. Jim. B. Frank. C. Adrian, 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the woman looking for? A. Envelopes. B. Photographs. C. Art supplies. 9. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a studio. B. In a store. C. In a post office. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What does Grace ask Jack to do? A. Fix the copy machine. B. Attend a staff meeting. C. Photocopy some documents, 11. What do we know about the Marple office? A. It is not faraway. B. It is a repair shop. C. It is the meeting room. 12. What does Jack agree to do? A. Repair the machine soon. B. Receive more training. C. Go to the office in Marple. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To make a reservation. B. To get the latest information. C. To confirm an order. 14. When was the project originally scheduled to start? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 15. Who is Richard? A. The client. B. The supplier. C. The speakers' colleague. 16. How long might it actually take to finish the job? A. Five days. B. Four days. C. Three days. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the speaker's book about? A Website design. B. Women's basketball. C. Men's football. 18. When did the speaker have the idea to build a website? A. After university. B. At university. C. At high school. 19. Why did the speaker change the name of her website? A. It wasn't successful at first. B. The original name wasn't suitable. C. She wanted to include other games. 20. What is unable to be found at the website? A. Childcare. B. Computer games. C. Make-up and fashion. 第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分） 第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A From the gardens of Iceland to the mountains of Nepal, here are four places to celebrate abundance and beauty in the natural world. Keukenhof Gardens, the Netherlands The Netherlands produces nearly 90% of the world's tulips, making it the unique destination for a wonderful spring experience. Cycle along the 25-mile Flower Route, where flower fields paint the countryside in bright colors. Travelers can also visit Keukenhof Gardens 16 miles southwest of Amsterdam. Considered the world's largest flower garden, Keukenhof features seven million flowering tulips from March to May. Umm Qais, Jordan Despite being 75% desert, Jordan's northern highlands burst with brightly colored flowers from March to May. Take a self-guided hike on one of the several ancient trails starting from the ruins of Umm Qais or hire a local guide who can offer cultural and historical context and help you identify wildflowers along the way, including Jordan's endangered national flower, the black iris. Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina Travelers can find a wealth of plant species in North Carolina's mountains—the most in any similarly sized area in North America. The best known may be the pink and purple rhododendrons that blanket the Blue Ridge Mountains in summer. Numerous hiking trails leading to the amazing sights are just 30 miles from downtown Asheville. In June, travelers can take the hour-long drive from Asheville to Bakersville to enjoy the North Carolina Rhododendron Festival. Ghorepani Poon Hill, Nepal Travelling along the Ghorepani Poon Hill trek in spring offers breathtaking views of the country's iconic rhododendrons. March or April gives travelers the rhododendrons in full bloom, but November gives drier weather. Go with local Sherpa guides and cooks—it's part of the experience. 21. What is probably the best time to see the tulips in Keukenhof Gardens? A. February. B. April. C. June. D. November. 22. Which country considers the black iris as its national flower? A. Jordan. B. America. C. Nepal. D. The Netherlands. 23. What do the last two destinations have in common? A. They are surrounded by deserts. B. They have the most plant species. C They offer unique ancient ruins. D. They are known for the same flower. B It's a sunny March afternoon at Winchester Village Elementary School in Indianapolis, and teacher Natasha Cummings surprises her second graders when she declares the day's activity: They'll be demonstrating a total solar eclipse (日食) using the real sun, a globe and a moon made out of a plastic ball fixed on a stick. In a grassy area outside the school Cummings' eclipse experiment begins: Students take turns holding the globes and casting a shadow with their plastic balls. Cummings directs them to aim the shadow over the spot on the globe where Indianapolis would be. It's a little disorganized at first, but the students quickly figure out how to properly position the moon's shadow over their hometown. On April 8, 2024, part of America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only an amazing white ring of the sun will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality. "For most of my students, this event is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity since the next one won't happen until 2153," Cummings says. "I hope learning about and witnessing the eclipse will get them excited about science. Above all, I want to show that science is not done by old, gray-haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Instead, it's all around us." Thomas Hockey, a professor of astronomy at the University of Northern Iowa, says the fact that elementary school teachers like Cummings are now teaching about the eclipse is an indication that science education has improved since he was a child. "I didn't learn about solar eclipses when I was in grade school, but I still remember my first eclipse experience outside my home in Angola, Indiana. It was on March 7, 1970, nearly a year after the Apollo program had put the first person on the moon, "Hockey recalls. "My interest in space was already developing. But the partial eclipse was one of the reasons I chose to study astronomy." 24. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce another topic for discussion. 25. What is Natasha Cummings's main purpose in carrying out the experiment? A. To protect her students. B. To try a new teaching method. C. To learn about the eclipse. D. To show that science is not mysterious. 26. What message does Thomas Hockey really want to convey in the last paragraph? A. He loved science when he was a child. B. The Apollo program is more important. C. He regrets never meeting a good teacher. D. The eclipse experience is very inspiring. 27. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A lesson plan. B. A news report. C. A guidebook. D. An interview. C Some civilizations record their pasts with art or books. Others pass on history through folk songs and dances. In Singapore, the story of how a ramshackle fishing village in Southeast Asia developed into a wealthy and modern country often comes in spoonfuls of peppery pork rib soup or bites of fried egg noodles at its hawker centers (小贩中心). For visitors, hawker centers might just seem like food courts: Follow your nose or the longest line, then pay a few Singapore dollars for a plate of food to enjoy at a shared table. For Singaporeans, hawker culture is about more than just a good meal. These food centers are symbols of the country’s diversified culture. Hawker centers are so central to Singapore that the country recently led a successful campaign to have the practice listed as the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. To accommodate (容纳) Singapore’s diversified population, the government made sure the hawker centers included Malay, Indian, and Chinese store owners. “Hawker centers are likely the first places where people will try another ethnic group’s food,” says Chee Kien Lai, author of Early Hawkers in Singa pore. “They’re open to everyone. You can get Chinese food or try Indian cuisine and get connected to different cultures and religions.” After Singapore’s rapid development in the 1970s and 80s, there was a sudden stop in the construction of hawker centers. Everybody was concentrating on becoming a knowledge-based society. By the time the government returned to building new hawker centers in 2011, many people wondered if there were enough people to carry on the tradition. “Even though locals love eating at hawker centers, few are interested in running a small food shop themselves,” says Chee. “The cost of labor has gone up, with the younger, better-educated generation put off by the long hours and physical work the job requires. As aging hawkers retire, their recipes risk extinction.” That’s one of the reasons that, in 2019, Singapore’s National Heritage Board put the hawkers forward for UNESCO recognition. “We need to make them our local cultural heroes,” says Tay. 28. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ramshackle” in paragraph l? A. Poor. B. Big. C. Unfriendly. D. Pretty. 29. For Singaporeans, the hawker centers are__________. A. a means of passing on their history B. an easy way to earn a living C. symbols of being a modern country D. just good places for cheap food 30. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A Singapore has a very diversified population. B. Hawker centers declined shortly after the 1980s. C. There is intense competition among the hawkers. D. Young people enjoy working at the hawker centers. 31. What is Chee Kien Lai worried about? A. The rising prices of food. B. The high cost of labor in Singapore. C. The disappearance of hawker centers. D. A lack of customers for hawker centers. D It is no secret that building a large language model (LLM) requires huge amounts of data. In conventional training, an LLM is fed mountains of texts and encouraged to guess each word before it appears. With each prediction, the LLM makes small adjustments to improve its chances of guessing right. The end result is something that has a certain statistical "understanding" of what is proper language and what isn't. But an LLM that has only undergone this so-called "pretraining" is not yet particularly useful. When asked for a joke to cheer you up for instance, the pretrained model GPT-2 just repeated the question back three times. Clearly, improved training methods have to be found. Here comes the so-called Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback (RLHF), which normally involves three steps. First, human volunteers are asked to choose which of potential LLM responses might better fit a given situation. This process is repeated many thousands of times over. Then the final data set is used to train a reward model. Finally, the well-trained reward model is employed to train the original LLM. But this way of doing RLHF is quite complex and using two separate LLMs takes time and money. It now turns out that the same result can be achieved with much less effort. Dr Rafailov and his colleagues, including Archit Sharma and Eric Mitchell, presented this alternative in December 2023 at an AI conference. Their method, Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO), relies on a satisfying mathematical trick. According to the authors, removing the middleman makes DPO between three and six times more efficient than RLHF, and capable of better performance at tasks such as text summarisation. Its ease of use is already allowing smaller companies to train their own models. "A year ago, only a few world-leading models, such as Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT-4, could afford to use RLHF, "says Dr Rafailov. "But as of March 12, eight out of the ten LLMs used DPO." 32. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The applications of GPT-2. B. The secret of building LLMs. C. The process of pretraining. D. The limitations of pretrained LLMs. 33. Which of the following words can best describe RLHF? A. Expensive. B. Efficient. C. Useless. D. Simple. 34. What can be learned about DPO from Dr Rafailov's words? A. It has to use more LLMs. B. It is much more popular than RLHF. C. It is still too complex to use. D. It is not cheap enough for small companies. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. DPO, the Perfect LLM Training Method B. The Development of Large Language Models C. A Brief Introduction to LLM Training Methods D. GPT-4, the Most Intelligent Large Language Model 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Studies have shown that gardening and garden-based activities have positive impacts on childhood development, including better eating habits and stress relief. ___36___ . Here are some tips on how to create a great garden with your kids. Involve them from the very beginning Take your kids to the store and give them options to pick from. This will allow them to select plants that they can handle and are appropriate for your home conditions. Then give them tasks suitable to their age. For example, younger kids can be assigned to water plants or just cut yellow and brown leaves. ___37___ . Although you might want to step in when you see your children feeding a plant with too much water, some of the most lasting lessons come from just trying things out. Pick the perfect plant To make sure your garden is a success, assess both your home environment and your kids’ attention span. ___38___ . Instead, think about your goal: Growing something tasty? Filling your home with flowers? Then ask your kids to choose plants in their favorite colors. ___39___ Another way to get kids excited about gardening—and to raise lifelong nature lovers in the process—is to adopt eco-friendly methods. Seeds from ripe peppers or tomatoes can be saved and planted. Potato “eyes” can be planted and grow into potato plants. Reuse household items as planting vessels (容器). Almost anything can be used as planters, from old food containers to kids’ toys. ___40___ . For example, a plastic bottle in front of a hot window could be damaged by the heat soon. A. Above all, let them make mistakes B. Use leftovers to feed hungry plants C. Make gardens environment-friendly D. Taking care of the plant is a great way to learn E. Gardening may even help them become better science students F. Just make sure that your planters will hold up in the environment G. Don’t just pick up a plant because you like how it looks or the price is right 第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2001, a storm hit Houston. More than 70, 000 houses were flooded, including the ___41___ of Sarah Feldman and her family. At the time, they were on vacation in another city, so they didn’t know what kind of ___42___ they were going to face when they got home. But then Feldman’s grandpa called with ___43___ news: All of her books had been destroyed in the flooding. Feldman was 14 at the time and loved ___44___ books. To cheer her up, Feldman’s father took her to the library at Yale University, where she ___45___ a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked in the library. When she told him about her collected books being destroyed, he ___46___ that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection. After ___47___ to Houston, she received his ___48___ , titled The Medieval Art Book by Barbara A. Shailor. Carver included a note that ___49___ : Dear Sarah, this is a rather scholarly book, which may be ____50____ mature for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your ____51____ library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in ____52____ to you. Feldman, who is in her 30s now, has fallen in love with medieval art since ____53____ that book. She has tried to find Carver years later, with no ____54____ . “If I could speak to him today,” says Feldman. “I would like to tell him how much that small gesture has ____55____ my life.” 41. A. book B. home C. city D. farm 42. A. decision B. judgement C. damage D. fact 43. A. great B. informal C. national D. bad 44. A. collecting B. hiding C. writing D. tearing 45. A. put off B. broke up C. cut in D. struck up 46. A. realized B. wished C. promised D. forgot 47. A. returning B. moving C. appealing D. adapting 48. A. call B. gift C. welcome D. guest 49. A. declared B. criticised C. read D. declined 50. A. harmfully B. physically C. merely D. slightly 51. A. new B. total C. meaningless D. strange 52. A. height B. value C. investment D. length 53. A. buying B. receiving C. publishing D. discovering 54. A. guidance B. help C. money D. success 55. A. changed B. hurt C. destroyed D. saved 第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Where the Sidewalk Ends is a book full of fascinating poems written ___56___ Shel Silverstein. It contains more than 100 of all kinds of poems-some are happy, some are funny and some are ___57___ (excite). Each poem comes with a nice drawing by the author ___58___ (he). Some of the pictures are very silly. My favourite poem ___59___ (call) Snowman. It is about ___60___ happy snowman, which always wants to see July. Other animals say that he will melt (融化) by then. But the snowman wants to see July so ___61___ (bad) that no matter what other people say, it does not bother the snowman one bit. This poem never says if he actually sees July. So you can only guess. Another poem I really like is Santa and the reindeer. This poem is about Christmas. Santa has to give ___62___ (variety) presents to the children while one of his reindeer is always asking what’s for him. I guess Santa gets really annoyed because he puts a flea (虱子) in the reindeer’s ear. And the next thing you know, they fly away and are ready ___63___ (continue) their journey through the world handing out presents to all the children ___64___ have behaved well. This book is fun to read because of all those unique poems. The ____65____ (character) of this book do many unusual things such as selling sisters, talking to fish and a lot more. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，市博物馆将于下周举办“中国华服周”活动。请给你的留学生好友Lily写封邮件，内容包括: 1. 活动目的; 2. 具体安排; 3. 邀请她参加。 注意: 1, 写作词数应为80个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lily, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 For the first two years in primary school, I was an extremely shy girl. I had a few friends, but it wasn’t easy for me to be very outgoing, even if I knew them well. If I was with strangers, I was even quieter. So I was not good at meeting new people, I was in constant fear that I would do or say something wrong. As a result, on our school’s annual play day, I usually sat in a remote corner to watch the performance alone, although I hoped to sit in the front rows to see the actors more clearly. One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, “Oh, Mary, you’re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet voice. You are perfect for Jenny!” But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, “Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don’t want to, you can turn down the offer.” My mind was running wild when Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, asked me to play the role. “She believes in me!” I thought. Just then I looked up and happened to see on the wall a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, “If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon.” Realizing it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was, I said firmly, “Okay, I’ll try my best, Mrs. Sally!” In the following five months, Mrs. Sally taught me how to put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The big day arrived at last. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At the moment, Mrs. Sally noticed my nervousness and approached me. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$