精品解析：山东省泰安市新泰第一中学老校区（新泰中学）2023-2024学年高二下学期第二次月考英语试题

新泰中学2022级高二年级下学期第二次阶段性考试 英语试题 2024/5/27 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Going straight. B. Turning around. C. Driving under the bridge. 2. What might the man be? A. A TV actor. B. A singer. C. A movie star. 3. What type of record is Amy referring to? A. A game record. B. A sports record. C. An educational record. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and parent. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a movie theater. B. At a newspaper office. C. At a television station. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What will the woman study at university? A. Biology. B. Ecology. C. Chemistry. 7. Why did the man choose his major? A. He wants to teach about environment. B. He likes finding out new things. C. He enjoys being in a classroom. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. What color shoes does the man want? A. The black and red ones. B. The blue and white ones. C. The yellow and black ones. 9. When will the man probably get the shoes? A. Today. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10 How does the woman sound at first? A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Bored. 11. What is the man’s role? A. A company owner. B. A team leader. C. A department manager. 12. What do the speakers finally agree on? A. Keeping the team together. B. Competing for a role. C. Building a new team. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 13. Who might the woman be? A. A staff member of a college. B. A reporter. C. A doctor. 14. What happened to the man four years ago? A. He was a student at Sinai Medical College. B. He became the director at Columbia University. C He showed interest in working at Sinai Medical College. 15. Where will the man give a speech? A. In a hospital. B. In a lecture hall. C. In a television studio. 16. What topic will the man’s speech be about? A. Cancer research. B. Medical careers. C. Eastern and Western medicine. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 17. How many apartment buildings will have businesses at the bottom? A. Three. B. Five. C. Seven. 18. Why is the blue line closed? A. It’s flooded. B. It’s getting repaired. C. It’s in danger from the coming storm. 19. What is unusual about the result of the vote? A. The top player won. B. One player won the top three. C. Three different players won first place. 20. When will the temperature drop? A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Bosna River is the third longest river in Bosnia-Herzegovina, measuring 168 miles long. The name Bosnia is even from the Bosna River. Unlike other big rivers in the world, there are no dams here. This is due to many protests from environmental groups who believe the construction will endanger local animals. Source and Course The river begins in Sarajevo Canton, flowing through the Doboj Region, then to Posavina Canton. Its source is the Bosna Spring located in the foothills of Mount Igman, just outside Sarajevo. The waters of the spring are extremely pure and serve as the water supply. The area is a national park, popular with both locals and tourists as a spot for a walk, pienie and super photo opportunities. Wildlife Fishing is very popular in the Bosna River, largely due to its rich species of trout(鲟鱼). At the head of the river, ducks make a home where the water is still. With plenty of fish, there are even brown bears wandering the shores. A threatened species also makes its home in parts of the river, making environmentally active groups more against industrializing the river. History The Bosna River is an important waterway in the region. During World War II, the Bosna River became an efficient access point to cities with a large industry. Zenica and Doboj are two major cities, with populations of 115,000 and 77,000 respectively, that rest along the Bosna River valley. 1. What might have prevented the dam construction on the Bosna River? A. High cost. B. Public objection. C. River rapids. D. People’s lifestyles. 2. What can we learn about the Bosna Spring from Paragraph 2? A. It is the largest in Bosnia. B. It provides drinkable water. C. It covers the whole nation. D. It is located in Doboj Region. 3. Why is fishing popular in the Bosna River? A. It is home to a rare species. B. People can see more wildlife. C. There are many kinds of trout. D. The surroundings are attractive. B Though only just 21 when diagnosed with the disease ALS, Hawking was perhaps the most famous scientist in the world when he died in 2018 at age 76. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, sold ten million copies and made him an unlikely superstar even to people who sweated through high school science. Humor was always a big part of Hawking’s effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he recounts how, in 1277, the Catholic Church declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against God's idea. “Interestingly,” the text adds jokingly, “Pope John was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him.” “He loved adventure and fun,” says Mlodinow, who once took Hawking on a punt-boat trip down the fiver Cam in Cambridge, England, despite the obvious danger of the boat turning over. “You know about when he went on the Vomit Comet? It’s a plane that flies in a parabolic path so you are weightless, like you are in space. A lot of people vomit, but he loved that sort of thing.” And he was 65 at the time. Hawking’s greatest hit, humor-wise, was probably the cocktail party he threw in 2009. It was a “ welcome reception for future time travelers,” he said, so naturally, he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will one day be possible,” Hawking explained. And if that happens, don’t be surprised if Hawking is there too. After all, he never missed a chance to have fun. 4. What does the text mainly tell us about Hawking? A. He related physics to humor closely. B. He made great contributions to physics C. He went through many funny experiences. D. He was optimistic about the future of science. 5. What can learn about Pope John? A. He was not in favor of God. B. He was a scientist like Hawking. C. He was opposed to the law of gravity. D. He was killed due to the discovery of gravity. 6. What drove Hawking to go on the Vomit Comet? A. His fondness of adventure. B. The invitation from his friend. C. The requirements of his work. D. His desire for recovery from ALS. 7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The cocktail party was a great success. B. The possibility of time travel was not proved. C. Hawking was a man who enjoyed holding parties. D. The wormhole time machine was used at that time. C The process of aging is of particular concern for Americans. This concern is not only related to the likelihood of increasing your chances of coming down with diseases such as heart disease and diabetes(糖尿病), but more importantly, to the loss of your eyesight. As we age the chance that we will develop age-related vision conditions and disorders increases. Therefore, many people believe that it’s very hard, if not impossible, to improve your vision naturally as you get older due to concerns that the visual system begins to deteriorate at that stage of life. These people also believe they’re stuck with their glasses or contacts for life. So the question is: can aging prevent you from improving your vision naturally? The answer to that question is no. While aging is inevitable(无法避免的)，when it comes to improving, protecting and preserving your precious eyesight, there are things you can do to reduce or slow the negative effects of aging on the visual system. For instance, you can take preventive steps in terms of nutrition and eye exercises that can reduce the negative effects of aging on the eyes. These simple-and-easy-to-perform techniques make the visual system stronger therefore helping you to improve your vision. They also improve the focusing power of the eyes through vision training eye exercise techniques. Additionally, eye exercises can improve blood flow and circulation to the visual system therefore improving your eyesight. The question is: can these eye exercises help improve vision even in older people? Well, the answer to this question is yes. According to a scientific research study performed by the National Institute on Aging, elderly adults can quickly improve their vision with a branch of eye exercises called Perceptual Training. Perceptual Training relates to the ability to improve various visual skills by exposing a person repeatedly to activities involving all kinds of stimuli(刺激物). This improves the way the brain processes visual information by strengthening the connection between the brain and eyes. 8. What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A. Aging can cause various vision diseases. B. The elders tend to do little to protect their eyes. C. Aging population is a serious problem in the US. D. Heart disease is the main cause of old people’s death. 9. What is the misunderstanding about eyesight according to the text? A. The elders’ eyesight can actually return to normal. B. Wearing glasses is a good way to improve eyesight. C. The elders’ eyesight is difficult to improve naturally. D. Preventive measures can reduce the risk of developing eyesight problems. 10. What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Become worse. B. Become stronger. C. Become simpler. D. Become more sensitive. 11. What does the study tell us in the last paragraph? A. How old people should do eye exercises. B. How the brain processes visual information. C. The vision problem is given great attention. D. Eye exercises can improve vision in elderly adults. D A new algorithm(演算法)raises parking rates in busy neighborhoods and lowers them elsewhere，guaranteeing free parking spots regardless of location，Christopher Intagliata reports. If you drive in a city，you’ve no doubt experienced the headache of circling block after block，cruising for parking.But scientists who study that phenomenon have a solution to free up more spots:“You make them more expensive，so people have to decide whether to park farther away and Pay less，or closer and pay more.”Itzhak Benenson，a system scientist at Tel Aviv University. San Francisco has piloted a program that raises parking rates based on demand—and it's been shown to reduce cruising.But the sensors required for those systems can cost millions of dollars to install and operate，Benenson says.So instead，writing in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine，he and his colleague Nir Fulman describe an algorithm that can determine smart pricing，without the use of sensors. They tested it on the Israeli city of Bat Yam，near Tel Aviv.First，they divide the city into zones.They estimate the parking demand in each zone，by calculating the number of apartments and offices there.Then they take account of parking supply in the area，along with how wealthy potential parkers might be.Using that data，the algorithm suggested pricing for each zone that would guarantee a 90-percent occupancy rate of parking spots city-wide.Meaning 10 percent of spots were always available to drivers willing to pay the price，regardless of neighborhood. Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the press of parking.Last time Benenson proposed hiking rates for city residents?“I got about 100 reactions on the web and 99 of them that said they have never heard such a stupid statement from the professors，and I should be punished and fired.” Eventually，he says，it'll be up to cities themselves to estimate their residents’political appetites for an easier parking spot. 12. What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Parking spots. B. Parking rates. C. Busy neighborhoods. D. New algorithms. 13. How does the new algorithm work? A. Adopting different parking rates. B. Counting the apartments and offices. C. Making farther parking spots more expensive. D. Setting the price of parking spots with sensors. 14. Which is the process of carrying out the smart pricing? ①Choosing a target city. ②Counting the parking demand. ③Dividing the city into zones. ④Suggesting pricing for each zone. ⑤Considering the parking supply. A. ②⑤④③① B. ①③②⑤④ C. ②⑤①③④ D. ①③④②⑤ 15 What will the public think of Benenson’s smart pricing? A. Supporting. B. Disapproving. C. Optimistic. D. Controversial. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Looking for a rewarding volunteering activity? Get outdoors and glean (拾落穗)! Picking fresh, healthy produce that is donated to food banks is a win-win activity. ___16___ Gleaning is not a new concept. In 18th-century England, there was a law that provided unharvested crops should be given away to the poor. These days, there is a lot of produce that sits in the fields after harvest. ___17___ They will usually plant too much or will leave the produce that looks imperfect. Unfortunately, much of this produce would go unused in the field. Gleaning offers farm-fresh, healthy food for people concerned about food security. That is where gleaners come in. Gleaning addresses farm waste and food poverty by providing free healthy food straight from farm to table. And today, with a cost of living crisis, there are more hungry people. ___18___ In 2017, there were five gleaning groups in the UK, while today there are 25. Holly, head of the Cornwall Gleaning Group, said that her volunteers send around 300 boxes a week to food banks and community kitchens in her area. ___19___ “Any time I go gleaning, I am lifted up. For the volunteers, it’s so good for mental health, getting outside and doing something practical that’s good for the planet,” Holly said. ___20___ To make this happen, more groups need to be established with farmers and more people need to volunteer their time to help. This form of helping may soon become common. It is rewarding for volunteers who harvest in the fields and it also offers fresh and nutritious food to those who need it the most. A. They find the work very delightful. B. Luckily interest in gleaning is growing. C. Hopes are that awareness will continue to grow. D. And it is also gaining popularity across the globe. E. To assist the hungry people, more crops will be grown. F. This is due to overproduction on the part of the farmers. G. From farm to table, gleaning is often a worthless experience. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I am a university professor. Last year, I took a(n) ____21____ step: I decided to sign up for an online course to learn Arabic, a very difficult language. My teacher was a patient and ____22____ man from Cairo, who had been teaching here for years. He could ____23____ my awkwardness in class and would find ways to help me feel more comfortable. “You are intelligent today,” my teacher would often say when I ____24____ well in class. When I heard these words for the first time, I was filled with ____25____. A few words from an authority ____26____ had made my day. His praise truly ____27____ my confidence and I became more positive about my Arabic learning. That was when I ____28____ how little I had praised my own students. Too much praise, I had thought, made students too ____29____, and even lazy. Now, as a student, I saw things _____30_____. I had a change of heart. If I — a university professor with a PhD — felt _____31_____ with a few words of encouragement, imagine what _____32_____ my words could have on my students, sensitive young people who were looking to carve out a career in a _____33_____ environment? So now I praise as often and as sincerely as I can, knowing that even _____34_____ words can mean a lot. They can save someone from a bad day, as my teacher’s _____35_____ have done for me. 21. A. embarrassing B. brave C. confusing D. unique 22. A. understanding B. modest C. humorous D. honest 23. A. notice B. remember C. explain D. deny 24. A. carved B. pretended C. performed D. taught 25. A. fear B. pain C. joy D. wisdom 26. A. text B. figure C. saying D. organization 27. A. checked B. boosted C. weakened D. shook 28. A. wondered B. forgot C. realized D. ignored 29. A. nervous B. proud C. heavy D. creative 30. A. normally B. deliberately C. anxiously D. differently 31. A. inspired B. amused C. astonished D. puzzled 32. A. reflection B. pressure C. dependence D. impact 33. A. peaceful B. comfortable C. traditional D. stressful 34. A. simple B. accurate C. fancy D. familiar 35. A. decisions B. promises C. words D. orders 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Long ago in Ancient China, there was a mythical figure ___36___ (know) as Shennong. Not only did Shennong bring agriculture and the use of herbal medicine to China, but he also invented ___37___ (agriculture) tools and techniques, and the Chinese calendar with its 24 solar terms. It is said that the home town of Shennong was a forest in Hubei Province, which today is called “Shennongjia”. This beautiful and diverse region covers ___38___ area of 3,253 square kilometers of north-west Hubei Province. It gives shelter to over 1000 species of medicinal plants, many of ___39___ are rare and unique to Shennongjia. Here mountain slopes ___40___ (cover) with trees and some of them grow up to 40 meters tall. In summer, pink and violet flowers lend splashes of color. These are some of ___41___ (it) most breathtaking landscapes. The magnificent Shennong Peak rises to 3,105 meters above sea level. Banbiyan is famous for its stone forest, as well as its bamboo forests and grasslands that flood with ___42___ (flower). The stone forests of Fengjingya stand ___43___ a background of green mountains that reaches as far as the eye can see. When it rains, the tops of these mountains look like islands ___44___ (float) on a sea of clouds. Come to Shennongjia ___45___ (enjoy) its beauty and the legend. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校下月将组织高二学生参观中国航空工业历史博物馆(Chinese aviation history museum)，请你写一封邮件，邀请英国朋友Georget参加，内容包括： 1.集合地点、出发时间、出行方式； 2.参观内容； 3.参观时的注意事项。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Georget, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落的开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My life is a juggling act. I’m a single mother of two sons. I’ve got a busy work schedule and limited resources. But there is one thing I don’t worry about: when I come home at night dinner is already started. A typical weeknight at my house looks like this: My youngest child is snapping (咬) the ends off the green beans. My eldest is mixing his secret salad dressing. The babysitter is working on the shopping list for tomorrow’s dinner-the kids want to make roasted noodles. I throw on an apron, send the babysitter home and join my kids in the dinner preparations. Sounds too far-fetched for your home? It doesn’t have to be. If my family can do it. Any family can. Our meals weren’t always such happy group efforts. Seven years ago, my life was ruined by divorce, leaving me with a six-month-old baby and a very angry seven-year-old. I had no family nearby and very little money. The burden of rebuilding my career as a food writer and publicist while single-parenting my children on my own seemed difficult. While I did my best to work during my youngest’s nap times, by day’s end I was physically and emotionally exhausted. Typically, I shooed(嘘)the boys out of the kitchen so I could perform yet another chore: making dinner. When I got the meal on the table, I left them to eat alone so I could have five minutes’ peace. Going back to my bedroom, I collapsed onto my bed and cried. I felt horrible about my family life and helpless to change it. A year passed, but not much improved. At the end of my rope, one evening I gave some vegetable leaves at my youngest, who was then eighteen months old, so he’d leave me alone. It was incredible! He spent ten minutes happily tearing the leaves into little pieces. I was shocked at how he stayed on the task without saying a word. Suddenly, I saw an opportunity. He wanted to help me, and I surely needed help. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Why not let them cook with me? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I stopped worrying about the mess and we started to laugh a lot. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1—5 CBAAB 6—10 ABCBA 11—15 BAACB 16—20 CCABC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 新泰中学2022级高二年级下学期第二次阶段性考试 英语试题 2024/5/27 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Going straight. B. Turning around. C. Driving under the bridge. 2. What might the man be? A. A TV actor. B. A singer. C. A movie star. 3. What type of record is Amy referring to? A. A game record. B. A sports record. C. An educational record. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and parent. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a movie theater. B. At a newspaper office. C. At a television station. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What will the woman study at university? A. Biology. B. Ecology. C. Chemistry. 7. Why did the man choose his major? A. He wants to teach about environment. B. He likes finding out new things. C. He enjoys being in a classroom. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. What color shoes does the man want? A. The black and red ones. B. The blue and white ones. C. The yellow and black ones. 9. When will the man probably get the shoes? A. Today. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10. How does the woman sound at first? A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Bored. 11. What is the man’s role? A. A company owner. B. A team leader. C. A department manager. 12. What do the speakers finally agree on? A. Keeping the team together. B. Competing for a role. C. Building a new team. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 13. Who might the woman be? A. A staff member of a college. B. A reporter. C. A doctor. 14. What happened to the man four years ago? A. He was a student at Sinai Medical College. B. He became the director at Columbia University. C. He showed interest in working at Sinai Medical College. 15. Where will the man give a speech? A. In a hospital. B. In a lecture hall. C. In a television studio. 16. What topic will the man’s speech be about? A. Cancer research. B. Medical careers. C. Eastern and Western medicine. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 17. How many apartment buildings will have businesses at the bottom? A. Three. B. Five. C. Seven. 18. Why is the blue line closed? A. It’s flooded. B. It’s getting repaired. C. It’s in danger from the coming storm. 19. What is unusual about the result of the vote? A. The top player won. B. One player won the top three. C. Three different players won first place. 20. When will the temperature drop? A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Bosna River is the third longest river in Bosnia-Herzegovina, measuring 168 miles long. The name Bosnia is even from the Bosna River. Unlike other big rivers in the world, there are no dams here. This is due to many protests from environmental groups who believe the construction will endanger local animals. Source and Course The river begins in Sarajevo Canton, flowing through the Doboj Region, then to Posavina Canton. Its source is the Bosna Spring located in the foothills of Mount Igman, just outside Sarajevo. The waters of the spring are extremely pure and serve as the water supply. The area is a national park, popular with both locals and tourists as a spot for a walk, pienie and super photo opportunities. Wildlife Fishing is very popular in the Bosna River, largely due to its rich species of trout(鲟鱼). At the head of the river, ducks make a home where the water is still. With plenty of fish, there are even brown bears wandering the shores. A threatened species also makes its home in parts of the river, making environmentally active groups more against industrializing the river. History The Bosna River is an important waterway in the region. During World War II, the Bosna River became an efficient access point to cities with a large industry. Zenica and Doboj are two major cities, with populations of 115,000 and 77,000 respectively, that rest along the Bosna River valley. 1. What might have prevented the dam construction on the Bosna River? A. High cost. B. Public objection. C. River rapids. D. People’s lifestyles. 2. What can we learn about the Bosna Spring from Paragraph 2? A. It is the largest in Bosnia. B. It provides drinkable water. C. It covers the whole nation. D. It is located in Doboj Region. 3. Why is fishing popular in the Bosna River? A. It is home to a rare species. B. People can see more wildlife. C. There are many kinds of trout. D. The surroundings are attractive. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了博斯纳河的基本情况，包括发源、流向、野生动物、历史等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Unlike other big rivers in the world, there are no dams here. This is due to many protests from environmental groups who believe the construction will endanger local animals.(与世界上其他大河不同，这里没有水坝。这是由于环保组织的多次抗议，他们认为该建筑将危及当地动物。)”可知，博斯纳河没有建造水坝，是因为有公众的反对。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The waters of the spring are extremely pure and serve as the water supply.(该泉的水域非常纯净，是水源。)”可知，博斯纳泉提供可饮用的水。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fishing is very popular in the Bosna River, largely due to its rich species of trout(鲟鱼).(在博斯纳河捕鱼是非常受欢迎的，主要是因为那里有丰富的鲟鱼种类。)”可知，因为博斯纳河有许多种类的鲟鱼，所以捕鱼很受欢迎。故选C。 B Though only just 21 when diagnosed with the disease ALS, Hawking was perhaps the most famous scientist in the world when he died in 2018 at age 76. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, sold ten million copies and made him an unlikely superstar even to people who sweated through high school science. Humor was always a big part of Hawking’s effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he recounts how, in 1277, the Catholic Church declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against God's idea. “Interestingly,” the text adds jokingly, “Pope John was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him.” “He loved adventure and fun,” says Mlodinow, who once took Hawking on a punt-boat trip down the fiver Cam in Cambridge, England, despite the obvious danger of the boat turning over. “You know about when he went on the Vomit Comet? It’s a plane that flies in a parabolic path so you are weightless, like you are in space. A lot of people vomit, but he loved that sort of thing.” And he was 65 at the time. Hawking’s greatest hit, humor-wise, was probably the cocktail party he threw in 2009. It was a “ welcome reception for future time travelers,” he said, so naturally, he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will one day be possible,” Hawking explained. And if that happens, don’t be surprised if Hawking is there too. After all, he never missed a chance to have fun. 4. What does the text mainly tell us about Hawking? A. He related physics to humor closely. B. He made great contributions to physics C. He went through many funny experiences. D. He was optimistic about the future of science. 5. What can learn about Pope John? A. He was not in favor of God. B. He was a scientist like Hawking. C. He was opposed to the law of gravity. D. He was killed due to the discovery of gravity. 6. What drove Hawking to go on the Vomit Comet? A. His fondness of adventure. B. The invitation from his friend. C. The requirements of his work. D. His desire for recovery from ALS. 7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The cocktail party was a great success. B. The possibility of time travel was not proved. C. Hawking was a man who enjoyed holding parties. D. The wormhole time machine was used at that time. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要写了著名的科学家霍金不仅使用幽默让人们理解物理，同时也是一个幽默乐观的人。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Humor was always a big part of Hawking’s effort to bring physics to the masses.”可知霍金一直努力用幽默的方式让人们理解物理。结合下文的解释说明可推断，这篇文章主要告诉我们，霍金把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he recounts how, in 1277, the Catholic Church declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against God's idea. ‘Interestingly,’ the text adds jokingly, ‘Pope John was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him.’”可知，在他2010年出版的The Grand Design一书中，他叙述了天主教会如何在1277年宣布万有引力等科学定律是错误的，因为它们似乎违背了上帝的旨意。“有趣的是，”文中开玩笑地补充道，“几个月后，教皇Pope John被万有引力定律的影响所杀死，当时他的宫殿的屋顶塌了下来。”由此可推知，Pope John反对万有引力定律。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He loved adventure and fun(他喜欢冒险和乐趣)”以及后文“A lot of people vomit, but he loved that sort of thing.(很多人都会呕吐，但他就是喜欢那一种东西)”由此可知，霍金喜欢冒险驱使霍金登上Vomit Comet。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will one day be possible”可知也许有一天，未来的人会找到信息，用虫洞时间机器回到我的聚会上，证明有一天时间旅行会成为可能的。由此可推知，时间旅行的可能性没有被证明。故选B。 C The process of aging is of particular concern for Americans. This concern is not only related to the likelihood of increasing your chances of coming down with diseases such as heart disease and diabetes(糖尿病), but more importantly, to the loss of your eyesight. As we age the chance that we will develop age-related vision conditions and disorders increases. Therefore, many people believe that it’s very hard, if not impossible, to improve your vision naturally as you get older due to concerns that the visual system begins to deteriorate at that stage of life. These people also believe they’re stuck with their glasses or contacts for life. So the question is: can aging prevent you from improving your vision naturally? The answer to that question is no. While aging is inevitable(无法避免的)，when it comes to improving, protecting and preserving your precious eyesight, there are things you can do to reduce or slow the negative effects of aging on the visual system. For instance, you can take preventive steps in terms of nutrition and eye exercises that can reduce the negative effects of aging on the eyes. These simple-and-easy-to-perform techniques make the visual system stronger therefore helping you to improve your vision. They also improve the focusing power of the eyes through vision training eye exercise techniques. Additionally, eye exercises can improve blood flow and circulation to the visual system therefore improving your eyesight. The question is: can these eye exercises help improve vision even in older people? Well, the answer to this question is yes. According to a scientific research study performed by the National Institute on Aging, elderly adults can quickly improve their vision with a branch of eye exercises called Perceptual Training. Perceptual Training relates to the ability to improve various visual skills by exposing a person repeatedly to activities involving all kinds of stimuli(刺激物). This improves the way the brain processes visual information by strengthening the connection between the brain and eyes. 8. What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A. Aging can cause various vision diseases. B. The elders tend to do little to protect their eyes. C. Aging population is a serious problem in the US. D. Heart disease is the main cause of old people’s death. 9. What is the misunderstanding about eyesight according to the text? A. The elders’ eyesight can actually return to normal. B. Wearing glasses is a good way to improve eyesight. C. The elders’ eyesight is difficult to improve naturally. D. Preventive measures can reduce the risk of developing eyesight problems. 10. What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Become worse. B. Become stronger. C. Become simpler. D. Become more sensitive. 11. What does the study tell us in the last paragraph? A How old people should do eye exercises. B. How the brain processes visual information. C. The vision problem is given great attention. D. Eye exercises can improve vision in elderly adults. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。很多人认为随着年龄的增长，自然地改善视力是非常困难的，但根据美国国家老龄化研究所的一项科学研究，老年人可以通过一种叫做感知训练的眼部锻炼来快速提高视力。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“As we age the chance that we will develop age-related vision conditions and disorders increases.（随着年龄的增长，我们患上与年龄有关的视力疾病和障碍的几率会增加）”推知，年龄的增加会带来和老龄化相关的视力疾病。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Therefore, many people believe that it’s very hard, if not impossible, to improve your vision naturally as you get older （因此，许多人认为，随着年龄的增长，自然地改善视力即使不是不可能，也是非常困难的）”和“So the question is: can aging prevent you from improving your vision naturally?（所以问题是：衰老会阻止你自然地改善视力吗？）”，以及第三段的“The answer to that question is no. （答案是否定的）”可知，许多人认为老人的视力难以自然改善，其实不然。故选C。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“These people also believe they’re stuck with their glasses or contacts for life.（这些人还认为，他们会永远戴着眼镜或隐形眼镜）”可知，戴眼镜或隐形眼镜说明视力不好。由此推测，划线词所在句子“as you get older due to concerns that the visual system begins to deteriorate at that stage of life. ”意为“随着年龄的增长，由于担心视觉系统在生命的那个阶段开始变差”，即deteriorate意为“变差”。故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段的“According to a scientific research study performed by the National Institute on Aging, elderly adults can quickly improve their vision with a branch of eye exercises called Perceptual Training.（根据美国国家老龄化研究所进行的一项科学研究，老年人可以通过一种称为知觉训练的眼部锻炼来快速改善视力）”可知，该研究告诉我们眼部锻炼可以改善老人的视力。故选D。 D A new algorithm(演算法)raises parking rates in busy neighborhoods and lowers them elsewhere，guaranteeing free parking spots regardless of location，Christopher Intagliata reports. If you drive in a city，you’ve no doubt experienced the headache of circling block after block，cruising for parking.But scientists who study that phenomenon have a solution to free up more spots:“You make them more expensive，so people have to decide whether to park farther away and Pay less，or closer and pay more.”Itzhak Benenson，a system scientist at Tel Aviv University. San Francisco has piloted a program that raises parking rates based on demand—and it's been shown to reduce cruising.But the sensors required for those systems can cost millions of dollars to install and operate，Benenson says.So instead，writing in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine，he and his colleague Nir Fulman describe an algorithm that can determine smart pricing，without the use of sensors. They tested it on the Israeli city of Bat Yam，near Tel Aviv.First，they divide the city into zones.They estimate the parking demand in each zone，by calculating the number of apartments and offices there.Then they take account of parking supply in the area，along with how wealthy potential parkers might be.Using that data，the algorithm suggested pricing for each zone that would guarantee a 90-percent occupancy rate of parking spots city-wide.Meaning 10 percent of spots were always available to drivers willing to pay the price，regardless of neighborhood. Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the press of parking.Last time Benenson proposed hiking rates for city residents?“I got about 100 reactions on the web and 99 of them that said they have never heard such a stupid statement from the professors，and I should be punished and fired.” Eventually，he says，it'll be up to cities themselves to estimate their residents’political appetites for an easier parking spot. 12. What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Parking spots. B. Parking rates. C. Busy neighborhoods. D. New algorithms. 13. How does the new algorithm work? A. Adopting different parking rates. B. Counting the apartments and offices. C. Making farther parking spots more expensive. D. Setting the price of parking spots with sensors. 14. Which is the process of carrying out the smart pricing? ①Choosing a target city. ②Counting the parking demand. ③Dividing the city into zones. ④Suggesting pricing for each zone. ⑤Considering the parking supply. A. ②⑤④③① B. ①③②⑤④ C. ②⑤①③④ D. ①③④②⑤ 15. What will the public think of Benenson’s smart pricing? A. Supporting. B. Disapproving. C. Optimistic. D. Controversial. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了特拉维夫大学的系统科学家Itzhak Benenson提出了一种新的停车费算法，通过提高繁忙街区的停车费而降低其他地方的停车费来缓解停车压力，但公众认为这种算法是有争议的。 【12题详解】 代词指代题。根据画线词前的“A new algorithm(演算法)raises parking rates in busy neighborhoods and lowers”可知，一种新的算法提高了繁忙街区的停车费，而降低了其他地方的停车费，画线词指代的就是前面提到的停车费，故B项正确。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You make them more expensive，so people have to decide whether to park farther away and Pay less，or closer and pay more.”可知，新的算法提高繁忙街区的停车费，而降低其他地方的停车费，这样人们想少要花停车费就会把车停在远一点的地方，也就是新的算法对繁忙街区和别的地方采取不同的收费标准，故A项正确。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They tested it on the Israeli city of Bat Yam，near Tel Aviv.First，they divide the city into zones.They estimate the parking demand in each zone，by calculating the number of apartments and offices there.Then they take account of parking supply in the area，along with how wealthy potential parkers might be.Using that data，the algorithm suggested pricing for each zone that would guarantee a 90-percent occupancy rate of parking spots city-wide.”可知，首先，他们选定了一个城市、把城市分成几个区域，通过计算每个区域的公寓和办公室的数量来估计每个区域的停车需求，然后，他们考虑了该地区的停车供应以及潜在停车者的富裕程度，最后利用这些数据，该算法为每个区域定价，故B项正确。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the press of parking.”可知，不是每个人都认为提高停车费会减少停车压力，也就是说公众认为这种算法是有争议的，故D项正确。 【点睛】关于大众态度的推理判断题要特别注意文章中能体现大众态度的句子是完全否定还是不完全否定，例如本篇第4题，根据倒数第二段中的“Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the press of parking.”可知，不是每个人都认为提高停车费会减少停车压力，也就是说公众认为这种算法是有争议的。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Looking for a rewarding volunteering activity? Get outdoors and glean (拾落穗)! Picking fresh, healthy produce that is donated to food banks is a win-win activity. ___16___ Gleaning is not a new concept. In 18th-century England, there was a law that provided unharvested crops should be given away to the poor. These days, there is a lot of produce that sits in the fields after harvest. ___17___ They will usually plant too much or will leave the produce that looks imperfect. Unfortunately, much of this produce would go unused in the field. Gleaning offers farm-fresh, healthy food for people concerned about food security. That is where gleaners come in. Gleaning addresses farm waste and food poverty by providing free healthy food straight from farm to table. And today, with a cost of living crisis, there are more hungry people. ___18___ In 2017, there were five gleaning groups in the UK, while today there are 25. Holly, head of the Cornwall Gleaning Group, said that her volunteers send around 300 boxes a week to food banks and community kitchens in her area. ___19___ “Any time I go gleaning, I am lifted up. For the volunteers, it’s so good for mental health, getting outside and doing something practical that’s good for the planet,” Holly said. ___20___ To make this happen, more groups need to be established with farmers and more people need to volunteer their time to help. This form of helping may soon become common. It is rewarding for volunteers who harvest in the fields and it also offers fresh and nutritious food to those who need it the most. A. They find the work very delightful. B. Luckily, interest in gleaning is growing. C. Hopes are that awareness will continue to grow. D. And it is also gaining popularity across the globe. E. To assist the hungry people, more crops will be grown. F. This is due to overproduction on the part of the farmers. G. From farm to table, gleaning is often a worthless experience. 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是拾落穗这个志愿者活动。 【16题详解】 空前说“Get outdoors and glean (拾落穗)! Picking fresh, healthy produce that is donated to food banks is a win-win activity.(到户外去拾落穗！挑选新鲜、健康的农产品捐赠给食品银行是一项双赢的活动。)”，空格应该继续对这项活动进行说明或评论，D选项“And it is also gaining popularity across the globe.(而且它在全球范围内也越来越受欢迎。)”中的it指的就是空前所说的“Picking fresh, healthy produce”，且说明了它受欢迎的程度，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 【17题详解】 空前说“These days, there is a lot of produce that sits in the fields after harvest.(如今，收获后的田地里有很多农产品。)”，空格处应该解释为什么会这样，空后说“They will usually plant too much or will leave the produce that looks imperfect.(他们通常会种植太多，或者留下看起来不完美的产品。)”说明造成收获后的田地里有很多农产品的原因是农民种太多了，F选项“This is due to overproduction on the part of the farmers.(这是由于农民生产过剩造成的。)”说明空前所说的情况是因为农民生产过剩，其中“overproduction”和空后的“plant too much”相一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 【18题详解】 空后说“In 2017, there were five gleaning groups in the UK, while today there are 25.(2017年，英国有5个拾落穗组织，而今天有25个。)”，这说明人们对拾落穗的兴趣在增加，B选项“Luckily, interest in gleaning is growing.(幸运的是，人们对拾落穗的兴趣正在增长。)”说明了人们对拾落穗的兴趣在增加，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选B。 【19题详解】 空后说“Any time I go gleaning, I am lifted up. For the volunteers, it’s so good for mental health, getting outside and doing something practical that’s good for the planet(每次我去拾落穗，我都很高兴。对于志愿者来说，这对心理健康很有好处，出去做一些对地球有益的实际事情)”，这说明参加拾落穗的人觉得这个活动可以让他们很高兴，A选项“They find the work very delightful.(他们觉得这份工作很令人愉快。)”说明参加拾落穗的人很高兴，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。 【20题详解】 空后说“To make this happen, more groups need to be established with farmers and more people need to volunteer their time to help.(为了实现这一目标，需要与农民建立更多的团体，需要更多的人自愿献出时间来提供帮助。)”，空格处应该提到某个目标，需要更多的人自愿献出时间来提供帮助，这说明目标是增加人们拾落穗的意识，C选项“Hopes are that awareness will continue to grow.(希望人们的意识会继续增长。)”表明了使人们的意识继续增长这一目标，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I am a university professor. Last year, I took a(n) ____21____ step: I decided to sign up for an online course to learn Arabic, a very difficult language. My teacher was a patient and ____22____ man from Cairo, who had been teaching here for years. He could ____23____ my awkwardness in class and would find ways to help me feel more comfortable. “You are intelligent today,” my teacher would often say when I ____24____ well in class. When I heard these words for the first time, I was filled with ____25____. A few words from an authority ____26____ had made my day. His praise truly ____27____ my confidence and I became more positive about my Arabic learning. That was when I ____28____ how little I had praised my own students. Too much praise, I had thought, made students too ____29____, and even lazy. Now, as a student, I saw things _____30_____. I had a change of heart. If I — a university professor with a PhD — felt _____31_____ with a few words of encouragement, imagine what _____32_____ my words could have on my students, sensitive young people who were looking to carve out a career in a _____33_____ environment? So now I praise as often and as sincerely as I can, knowing that even _____34_____ words can mean a lot. They can save someone from a bad day, as my teacher’s _____35_____ have done for me. 21. A. embarrassing B. brave C. confusing D. unique 22. A. understanding B. modest C. humorous D. honest 23. A. notice B. remember C. explain D. deny 24 A. carved B. pretended C. performed D. taught 25. A. fear B. pain C. joy D. wisdom 26. A. text B. figure C. saying D. organization 27. A. checked B. boosted C. weakened D. shook 28. A. wondered B. forgot C. realized D. ignored 29. A. nervous B. proud C. heavy D. creative 30. A. normally B. deliberately C. anxiously D. differently 31. A. inspired B. amused C. astonished D. puzzled 32. A. reflection B. pressure C. dependence D. impact 33. A. peaceful B. comfortable C. traditional D. stressful 34. A. simple B. accurate C. fancy D. familiar 35. A. decisions B. promises C. words D. orders 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一位大学教授，报名参加阿拉伯语课程后，老师简单的赞美使作者感到开心，有了自信，也让作者意识到赞美的力量，使作者对事物的看法发生了改变。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年，我迈出了勇敢的一步：我决定报名参加一个在线课程来学习阿拉伯语，这是一门非常困难的语言。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. brave勇敢的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“I decided to sign up for an online course to learn Arabic, a very difficult language.”可知，作者报名参加一个在线课程来学习阿拉伯语，这是一门非常困难的语言，由此推知，作者迈出了勇敢的一步。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的老师是一位耐心而善解人意的人，他来自开罗，在这里教书多年。A. understanding善解人意的；B. modest谦逊的；C. humorous幽默的；D. honest诚实的。根据下文“and would find ways to help me feel more comfortable.”可知，想办法帮助我感觉更舒服，由此推知，作者老师是一位耐心而善解人意的人。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他能注意到我在课堂上的尴尬，并会想办法帮助我感觉更舒服。A. notice注意到；B. remember记得；C. explain解释；D. deny否定。根据句意以及该句中的“my awkwardness in class”可知，在课堂上的尴尬，由此可知，此处为表示作者老师能注意到作者在课堂上的尴尬。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你今天很聪明，”当我在课堂上表现出色时，老师经常会说。A. carved雕刻；B. pretended假装；C. performed表现；D. taught教。根据上文““You are intelligent today,””可知，此处是老师对作者说的话，由此推知，此处为当作者在课堂上表现出色时，老师就会说表扬的话。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次听到这些话时，我充满了喜悦。A. fear害怕；B. pain痛苦；C. joy喜悦；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文提到老师对作者说表扬话以及下文“A few words from an authority ____6____ had made my day.”可推知，此处为当作者听到老师表扬的话，充满了喜悦。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位权威人士的几句话使我很高兴。A. text文本； B. figure人物；C. saying谚语，格言；D. organization组织。根据句意以及该句中的“from an authority”可推知，此处为权威人士的几句话使作者很高兴。authority figure“权威人物”。 故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的表扬确实增强了我的信心，我对我的阿拉伯语学习变得更加积极。A. checked检查；B. boosted增强；C. weakened弱化；D. shook摇动。根据“and I became more positive about my Arabic learning.”可知，作者对阿拉伯语学习变得更加积极，由此推知，此处为老师的表扬确实增强了作者的信心。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时我才意识到，我很少表扬自己的学生。A. wondered想知道；B. forgot忘记；C. realized意识到；D. ignored忽视。根据句意以及该句中的“how little I had praised my own students.”可推知，此处为作者意识到很少表扬自己的学生。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我曾经想过，太多的表扬会让学生们过于骄傲，甚至变得懒惰。A. nervous紧张的；B. proud骄傲的；C. heavy严重的；D. creative有创造力的。根据句意以及下文“and even lazy.”可推知，此处为表示作者认为太多的表扬会让学生们过于骄傲，甚至变得懒惰。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，作为一名学生，我的看法不同了。A. normally正常地；B. deliberately故意地；C. anxiously焦虑地；D. differently不同地。根据下文“I had a change of heart.”可知，作者改变主意了，由此可知，此处为作者现在的看法和以前不同了。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我，一个拥有博士学位的大学教授——因为几句鼓励的话而受到鼓舞，想象一下我的话会对我的学生——那些在紧张的环境中寻求开拓事业的敏感年轻人——产生什么影响？ A. inspired受到鼓舞的；B. amused觉得好笑的；C. astonished惊讶的；D. puzzled吃惊的。根据句意以及该句中的“with a few words of encouragement,”可推知，此处为作者因为几句鼓励的话而受到鼓舞。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我，一个拥有博士学位的大学教授——因为几句鼓励的话而受到鼓舞，想象一下我的话会对我的学生——那些在紧张的环境中寻求开拓事业的敏感年轻人——产生什么影响？A. reflection反射；B. pressure压力；C. dependence依靠；D. impact影响。根据句意以及该句中的“my words could have on my students”可推知，此处为作者的话对学生产生的影响。have impact on“对……产生影响”。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我，一个拥有博士学位的大学教授——因为几句鼓励的话而受到鼓舞，想象一下我的话会对我的学生——那些在紧张的环境中寻求开拓事业的敏感年轻人——产生什么影响？A. peaceful安静的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. traditional传统的；D. stressful有压力的。根据上下文语境以及该句中的“sensitive young people who were looking to carve out a career”可推知，此处为作者的话对那些在紧张的环境中寻求开拓事业的敏感年轻人产生的影响。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以现在我尽可能多地真诚地赞美别人，因为我知道，即使是简单的话语也能意味深长。A. simple简单的；B. accurate正确的；C. fancy花俏的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“So now I praise as often and as sincerely as I can”以及该句中的“words can mean a lot”可推知，此处为作者知道，即使是简单的话语也能意味深长。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们可以把人从糟糕的一天中拯救出来，就像我老师的话对我所做的那样。A. decisions决定；B. promises承诺；C. words话语；D. orders命令。通读全文，以及上文的老师对作者说的话““You are intelligent today””可知，文章一直以作者老师的话让作者备受鼓舞为线索，而展开叙述的。故选C项。 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Long ago in Ancient China, there was a mythical figure ___36___ (know) as Shennong. Not only did Shennong bring agriculture and the use of herbal medicine to China, but he also invented ___37___ (agriculture) tools and techniques, and the Chinese calendar with its 24 solar terms. It is said that the home town of Shennong was a forest in Hubei Province, which today is called “Shennongjia”. This beautiful and diverse region covers ___38___ area of 3,253 square kilometers of north-west Hubei Province. It gives shelter to over 1000 species of medicinal plants, many of ___39___ are rare and unique to Shennongjia. Here mountain slopes ___40___ (cover) with trees and some of them grow up to 40 meters tall. In summer, pink and violet flowers lend splashes of color. These are some of ___41___ (it) most breathtaking landscapes. The magnificent Shennong Peak rises to 3,105 meters above sea level. Banbiyan is famous for its stone forest, as well as its bamboo forests and grasslands that flood with ___42___ (flower). The stone forests of Fengjingya stand ___43___ a background of green mountains that reaches as far as the eye can see. When it rains, the tops of these mountains look like islands ___44___ (float) on a sea of clouds. Come to Shennongjia ___45___ (enjoy) its beauty and the legend. 【答案】36. known 37. agricultural 38. an 39. which 40. are covered 41. its 42. flowers 43. against 44. floating 45. to enjoy 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了神农架的美丽景色。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在很久以前的中国古代，有一个神话人物叫神农。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be known as意为“被称为……”，所以此处应用过去分词known作后置定语，修饰名词figure。故填known。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：神农不仅把农业和草药的使用带到了中国，他还发明了农业工具和技术，以及有24节气的中国历法。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural。故填agricultural。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这个美丽多样地区位于湖北省西北部，面积为3253平方公里。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：an area of意为“一块……的面积”。故填an。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：这里有1000多种药用植物，其中许多是神农架特有的稀有植物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是medicinal plants，指物，在从句中作宾语，应该用which引导。故填which。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这里的山坡上覆盖着树木，有些树木可以长到40米高。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少and前面的句子的谓语动词，所以cover作本句谓语，主语是mountain slopes，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数。故填are covered。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：这些都是最令人惊叹的风景。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词landscapes，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 【42题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：板壁岩以石林、竹林和鲜花盛开的草地而闻名。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词，flower意为“花朵”为可数名词，根据前文的forests and grasslands可知用复数形式。故填flowers。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：风景垭的石林衬托着一望无际的青山。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：stand against a background of意为“站在……的背景下”。故填against。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：下雨的时候，这些山顶看起来就像漂浮在云海上的岛屿。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词look，前后无连词，所以float用非谓语动词形式，根据句意，空处修饰空前的islands，所以应该用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填floating。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：来神农架欣赏它的美丽和传说吧。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词come，所以enjoy用非谓语动词形式，根据句意，此处是表目的，所以此处应该用不定式形式。故填to enjoy。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校下月将组织高二学生参观中国航空工业历史博物馆(Chinese aviation history museum)，请你写一封邮件，邀请英国朋友Georget参加，内容包括： 1.集合地点、出发时间、出行方式； 2.参观内容； 3.参观时的注意事项。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Georget, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Georget, It is a great privilege for me to invite you to take part in the visit to Chinese aviation history museum. The relevant contents are as follows. As is scheduled, we will gather at the school gate at 8 a.m. on the first Sunday of next month by school bus. Not only can we visit all kinds of aircraft models but also learn about the development of China’s space industry. As for matters needing attention, it is demanded that no pictures should be taken and we’d better not make loud noise. Hope you won’t miss the joyful activity. Your attendance is greatly expected. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你校下月将组织高二学生参观中国航空工业历史博物馆(Chinese aviation history museum)，请你写一封邮件，邀请英国朋友Georget参观中国航空工业历史博物馆，内容包括：1.集合地点、出发时间、出行方式；2.参观内容；3.参观时的注意事项。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 荣幸：privilege→honour 参加：take part in→participate in 相关的：relevant→related 各种各样的：all kinds of→varieties of 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It is a great privilege for me to invite you to take part in the visit to Chinese aviation history museum. 拓展句：It is a great privilege for me to invite you to take part in the visit that is about Chinese aviation history museum. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only can we visit all kinds of aircraft models but also learn about the development of China’s space industry. (运用了部分倒装) 【高分句型2】As for matters needing attention, it is demanded that no pictures should be taken and we’d better not make loud noise. (运用了that引导的主语从句) 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落的开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My life is a juggling act. I’m a single mother of two sons. I’ve got a busy work schedule and limited resources. But there is one thing I don’t worry about: when I come home at night, dinner is already started. A typical weeknight at my house looks like this: My youngest child is snapping (咬) the ends off the green beans. My eldest is mixing his secret salad dressing. The babysitter is working on the shopping list for tomorrow’s dinner-the kids want to make roasted noodles. I throw on an apron, send the babysitter home and join my kids in the dinner preparations. Sounds too far-fetched for your home? It doesn’t have to be. If my family can do it. Any family can. Our meals weren’t always such happy group efforts. Seven years ago, my life was ruined by divorce, leaving me with a six-month-old baby and a very angry seven-year-old. I had no family nearby and very little money. The burden of rebuilding my career as a food writer and publicist while single-parenting my children on my own seemed difficult. While I did my best to work during my youngest’s nap times, by day’s end I was physically and emotionally exhausted. Typically, I shooed(嘘)the boys out of the kitchen so I could perform yet another chore: making dinner. When I got the meal on the table, I left them to eat alone so I could have five minutes’ peace. Going back to my bedroom, I collapsed onto my bed and cried. I felt horrible about my family life and helpless to change it. A year passed, but not much improved. At the end of my rope, one evening I gave some vegetable leaves at my youngest, who was then eighteen months old, so he’d leave me alone. It was incredible! He spent ten minutes happily tearing the leaves into little pieces. I was shocked at how he stayed on the task without saying a word. Suddenly I saw an opportunity. He wanted to help me, and I surely needed help. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Why not let them cook with me? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I stopped worrying about the mess and we started to laugh a lot. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Why not let them cook with me? I persuaded them to help me in the kitchen, and then I gave them something to do. So he and his older brother began doing lots of tasks in the kitchen: peeling vegetables, tearing up salad greens, even helping me make homemade spaghetti! Yes, it got messy at times. In the beginning, I felt rushed, seeing the kids grabbing something away. Preparing dinner could take long. But when the kids were with me in the kitchen, they were not complaining about dinner. They were busy and content. Then I realized I no longer had any reason to be in a hurry. I stopped worrying about the mess and we started to laugh a lot. And my eldest son began to rely on that time of day to share his worries and fears. We would talk about tutors and help for him in school, and over time, his problems lessened. He was getting the quality time he needed. We’ll just be talking, going along cooking, and soon, well realize that new lines of communication and strong bonds are forming. After preparing the meal together, we’ll actually want to sit at the table and enjoy it together. It may well become our favorite part of the day. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是两个儿子的单身母亲。虽然平时工作很忙，资源又有限，但是晚饭是不用担心的。有一天正当作者对家庭生活感到很糟糕，无法改变它的时候，她看到了小儿子花了十分钟时间愉快地把树叶撕成小片，感到很震惊，由此想到了让孩子们帮忙一起做饭。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“为什么不让他们和我一起做饭呢?”可知，第一段可描写作者和孩子们一起做饭的情况以及作者的一些担忧。 ②由第二段首句内容“我不再担心乱七八糟的东西，我们开始开怀大笑。”可知，第二段可描作者不再担忧的原因以及和孩子们一起做饭的益处。 2.续写线索：准备做饭——儿子帮忙——心存担忧——沟通形成——享受做饭——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①说服：persuade/convince/talk into ②任务：task/assignment/mission ③看见：see/spot/notice/take notice of 情绪类 ①抱怨：complain/grumble ②喜爱的：favorite/fond 【点睛】【高分句型1】But when the kids were with me in the kitchen, they were not complaining about dinner.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】We’ll just be talking, going along cooking, and soon, well realize that new lines of communication and strong bonds are forming.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 听力1—5 CBAAB 6—10 ABCBA 11—15 BAACB 16—20 CCABC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$