专题04 阅读理解：议论文-【好题汇编】2024年高考英语三模试题分类汇编（全国通用）

【好题汇编】2024年高考英语三模试题分类汇编 专题04 议论文 1.（2024届浙江省精诚联盟高三下学期三模英语试题）In 2017, Irish President Michael D．Higgins and his wife Sabina started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards, the purpose of which is to invite students from throughout that country to reflect on interesting questions and participate in philosophical thinking and discussion. In 2023, over 500 young thinkers came together at University College Dublin for the sixth annual gathering. The grand prize winner was Seán Radeliffe from Cork, for his essay ‘Has Plato’s tale of the cave been warning us of social media for 2,500years?’And speaking of Plato, in 2022, an award-winning documentary film entitled Young Plato received international recognition. It focuses on how Kevin McArevey, the headmaster of a primary school in Belfast’s Ardoyne housing estates, uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence(For more, see YoungPlato. com). As one can see, philosophy is alive and well in both the Republic of Ireland and the UK constituent country of Northern Ireland. Ireland has traditionally been known as the Land of Saints and Scholars. In this edition of Philosophy Now, we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative. This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humor, charm, and friendliness enriched my life. Like Tom Duddy, Seán died much too young. He demonstrated to me the true meaning of William Butler Yeats’s closing words from his poem ‘The Municipal Gallery Revisited’: “Think where man’s glory most begins and ends And say my glory was I had such friends.” Prof. Timothy J. Madigan St John Fisher University 1．What can readers probably get on YoungPlato. com? A．How critical thinking helps students reflect on their violence. B．How Plato’s stories influence social media every now and then. C．How Higgins and his wife started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards. D．How young thinkers try philosophical thinking and discussion annually. 2．What will be highlighted in this edition of Philosophy Now? A．Ireland’s Philosophical Evolution. B．Thomas Duddy’s ideas on history. C．The growing reputation of Ireland. D．The ideal way of exploring philosophy. 3．Why does the author quote Yeats’s poem? A．To compare Seán’s achievement with Tom Duddy’s. B．To express the author’s sorrow for Seán’s early death. C．To appreciate the friendship between the author and Seán. D．To demonstrate the author’s understanding of philosophy. 4．What best shows the author’s view on philosophy? A．Creative. B．Reflective. C．Skeptical. D．Confused. 2.（2024届浙江省Lambda联盟高三5月模拟试题）Fifty years after Liliana Cavani’s film The Night Porter was released to widespread critical disgust, how have views of it changed? “To write a poem after Auschwitz is barbaric,” wrote the German theorist Theodor Adorno, suggesting in his 1949 essay Cultural Criticism and Society that artistic expression had been rendered inadequate as a tool to understand reality after the Holocaust. In her 1974 film The Night Porter, Italian director Liliana Cavani challenged this theory, taking it to its logical extreme. She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls. Amid the furore after its release — which included intensely negative reviews and an at-tempted ban by the Italian ratings board—with typical nonchalance, Cavani told The New York Times: “This is nothing compared to the numberless couples who tear each other apart psychologically.” Half a century on, however, does The Night Porter still seem like a provocation that plumbs the depths of bad taste? With the film’s recent restoration and re-releases, as well as renewed conversations around cinematic depictions of the Holocaust, many have revisited the film and remain unimpressed by its content. Others are perhaps seeing the film more as Lili-an a Cavani originally intended: as an artistic reflection of how sexual obsession can be fascistic in its tunnel-visioned ferocity. Cavani herself put it more simply: “love comes always with a price to pay.” The Night Porter is set in Vienna in 1957, where a former Nazi commandant, Max (Dirk Bogarde), works in an upmarket hotel. There, he clashes with former SS colleagues who are determined to purge themselves of any shame about their roles in the Final Solution and eliminate any surviving witnesses. Max, however, would rather forget his past and move on, living his life quietly, he says, “as a church mouse.” His careful world is upended when Lucia (Charlotte Rampling), now married to an American composer, walks into his hotel lobby — the very woman he sexually abused while she was a prisoner in his camp, and with whom he entered into a sadomasochistic relationship. Reunited once more, their twisted folie a deux resumes and a fervent debasement begins — now, on both sides. 5．Which of the following statements best reflects the author’s perspective on the film’s portrayal of the Holocaust? A．The film is a disrespectful and exploitative representation of the Holocaust. B．The film is a complex and abstract exploration of Nazi ideology and sexual taboos. C．The film is a straightforward historical account of the Holocaust. D．The film is a romanticized depiction of love during the Holocaust. 6．In the context of the article, which of the following best describes the term “sadomasochistic”? A．A form of psychological therapy. B．A type of artistic expression. C．A relationship dynamic characterized by the exchange of pain and pleasure. D．A historical account of events during World War II. 7．What is the main argument of those who defend the film’s artistic merit? A．The film provides a realistic portrayal of the Holocaust. B．The film’s controversial nature generates important discussions. C．The film is a successful example of the “Nazisploitation” genre. D．The film’s plot and character development are highly original. 8．What is the most appropriate title for the article? A．“The Night Porter: A Cinematic Controversy” B．“Liliana Cavani: The Director Who Challenged Art” C．“Love and Evil: The Complex Themes of The Night Porter” D．“The Holocaust on Film: A History of Cinematic Portrayals” 3.（2024届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三五月模拟试卷）It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy. But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. In a highly-connected digital age, however, many readers do not fancy their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 9．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 10．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 11．Netta describes the state of loneliness as __________. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．never beneficial 12．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. 4.（2024届河北省秦皇岛市部分示范高中高三下学期三模英语试题）The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans. When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.” In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in. The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing tine we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day. The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research. 13．What contributes to the spread of “fake news”? A．People factor. B．Human culture. C．Modern invention. D．Information accuracy. 14．Why did the general audiences think actual data less persuasive? A．They prefer making sensible analyses. B．They ae more likely to be emotional. C．They have more trust in authority. D．They overestimate themselves. 15．How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By explaining a concept. D．By citing experts’ words. 16．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To reveal secrets. B．To share emotions. C．To criticize a decision. D．To describe a phenomenon. 5.（2024届河北省邯郸市高三下学期第三次调研考试英语试题）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 17．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. 18．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. 19．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in paragraph 3? A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 20．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice 6.（2024届江苏省南通市高三下学期高考适应性考试试题）Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life. Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an unavoidable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents. Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested, however, that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be a fallacy. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world”, that is, the world before the introduction of the will of humanity, as being unpleasant and short. This opinion is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine (学说) of natural selection. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation. Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition rather than other values, such as cooperation, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, unavoidable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. 21．What does the author think is commonly seen in many areas of contemporary life? A．The origin of human drives. B．The influence of competition. C．The reasons for human behaviour. D．The disagreement on competition. 22．What does the underlined words “a fallacy” in the second paragraph mean? A．A false idea. B．A hard nut. C．A losing battle. D．A mixed blessing. 23．What can we learn from Darwin’s words in The Origin of Species? A．All species depend on others for survival. B．The strongest species proves to be the fittest. C．Struggles for survival include support of each other. D．Competition is looked on as the best survival strategy. 24．What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach? A．It is characteristic of humans to be competitive. B．Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation. C．Competition is relatively more popular in Western societies. D．People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound. 7.（2024届安徽省六安第一中学高三下学期三模英语试题）In the record of human history, few subjects have generated as much excitement, debate, and guess as artificial intelligence (AI). This revolutionary technology, which enables machines to perform tasks that once required human intelligence, has the potential to transform every part of our society, from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment. At its heart, AI is all about data. Massive amounts of data are fed into algorithms that learn from this data, allowing them to make predictions, recognize patterns, and even make decisions. This “machine learning” is the driving force behind many of the AI applications we see today, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to more advanced systems like IBM’s Watson, which can analyze vast amounts of information to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. The transformative potential of AI is undeniable. In the medical field, for instance, AI can assist in early detection of diseases, predict patient outcomes, and even suggest treatment options. In finance, algorithms can predict stock market trends, and provide personalized financial advice. In transportation, self-driving cars equipped with AI systems promise to reduce accidents, ease traffic jams, and transform urban landscapes. However, with great potential comes great responsibility. The rise of AI has caused debates about its ethical implications (道德含义). The machines are only as good as the data they are fed, and there’s a growing concern about biases (偏见) being built into AI systems. For instance, facial recognition technologies, used in everything from unlocking phones to police monitoring cameras, have come under check for misidentifying individuals based on race or gender. Moreover, the widespread adoption of AI could lead to significant job displacement. While new roles and industries might emerge as a result of AI, it is not sure that these will pay off the jobs lost. This could increase income inequalities and causes difficulties to social systems. Another major concern is the “black box” nature of AI. Many Al systems operate in ways that even their creators don’t fully understand. This can be problematic, especially in critical applications like healthcare or criminal justice where understanding the logic behind a decision is important. Then there’s the potential for Al to be weaponized. In the hands of evil actors, AI could be used to spread misinformation, control public opinion, or even engage in internet warfare. The global community must come together to set standards and regulations to prevent such misuse. On the brighter side, many experts believe that by setting the right frameworks and investing in education and retraining, we can use the power of AI for the greater good. By fostering (促进) a culture of continuous learning and staying abreast (并排的，并肩的) of technological advancements, society can benefit from the promise of AI while avoiding its potential dangers. In conclusion, artificial intelligence stands as one of the most profound inventions of our time. While it offers vast opportunities, it also poses significant challenges that we, as a society, must welcome. As we stand at this technological crossroads, our choices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit or a harm for humanity. 25．In what way does AI acquire the capability to perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence? A．By programming predefined rules. B．Through user interactions every day. C．By swallowing and processing vast amounts of data. D．Via regular software updates from developers. 26．In the context of the article, how does the author primarily demonstrate the effect of artificial intelligence? A．By citing numerous statistical data. B．By presenting both the positive potential and the challenges of AI. C．Through personal experiences. D．By focusing on the negative effects of Al. 27．What can we learn from the passage? A．Al has already replaced most human jobs and is the leading cause of unemployment. B．The global community has taken measures to prevent AI misuse. C．The operation of many AI systems is easily understood by their creators. D．The solving to the dilemma brought by AI needs co llective efforts of our society. 28．Which of the following is the best title? A．The Rise of Virtual Assistants: Siri and Alexa B．Understanding the Mechanisms Behind AI Algorithms C．Artificial Intelligence: Charting the Course for Tomorrow’s Tech D．Balancing the Potential and challenges of AI in Modern Society 8.（2024届福建省漳州市高三毕业班第三次质量检测试题）The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. Professor Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist at the University of Edinburgh, suggested that the way in which other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future. He compared the potential problem of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago. Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat,” he writes. Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added, “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. That does raise the question: If temperatures do rise really quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly reasonable.” However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak. “We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.” 29．How do mammals cope with climate change according to Brusatte? A．Moving to colder regions. B．Reducing their body size. C．Losing their weight. D．Adapting their diet. 30．What does the underlined word “dissipation” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Exchange. B．Formation. C．Absorption. D．Emission. 31．What is Adrian Lister’s attitude towards the recent study? A．Worried. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Approving. 32．What is the best title of this text? A．The Threat of Climate Change to Human Survival B．The Impact of Climate Change on Mammal Body Sizes C．The Evolutionary Trends in Mammal Body Sizes D．The Adaptive Strategies of Mammals to Climate Change 9.（四川省绵阳南山中学高三下学期三诊热身考试英语试题）According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired. Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment. But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.” Said Prof. Veronika Job. The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation. Mr. Job said. “The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.” The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior. 33．The underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 2 probably means______. A．to make something return to its previous situation or condition B．to put things in a certain place. C．to give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them D．to repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting and so on. 34．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams? A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break. B．Tell themselves that willpower is not limited. C．Don’t eat fast food while studying. D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place. 35．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Willpower doesn’t last long. B．How to build strong willpower. C．The great influence of willpower. D．A new theory about willpower. 36．According to the article, which one is correct? A．In the experiments, the ones who believe in limited willpower performed better. B．In the experiments, the ones who believe in unlimited willpower performed better. C．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food less than the ones believed in unlimited willpower. D．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food as many as the ones believed in unlimited willpower. 10.（2024届重庆市第八中学高三下学期三模试题）Going to a gallery can be really enriching for children, but how to get them through the door? According to a psychologist Michael Atar, there’s an art. With digital distractions everywhere, the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery — and they actually enjoy it — seems a huge challenge. It’s commonly thought that art galleries are anything but child-friendly places — they are usually described in popular media as stuffy and serious, demanding intense and extended periods of concentration for meditation in the backstory and meaning locked within each golden frame. That common view depressingly makes galleries the least-visited heritage attractions for British families. Research has found that trips each year to theaters and castles far outnumber those to galleries, with a survey revealing that 35 percent of families have never been there at all. This is a crying shame as being exposed to art holds profound significance for the development of young minds, both intellectually and emotionally. Beyond simply offering aesthetics (美学), art galleries serve as invaluable educational and instructional resources, fostering creativity, critical thinking and empathy. Here, children have the opportunity to engage in diverse perspectives, cultures and moods, with each painting, sculpture or photograph telling a story, inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with the artwork, and offering them different ways of seeing the world. But how can we get them engaged? First, dispose of the idea of galleries being old-fashioned, outdated institutions to the dustbin. Similarly, see engagement with art being far wider than a collection of dry facts about the artist and history. Rather than trying to make kids “fit in” with fixed labels of a gallery, instead make the art gallery fit in with kids, defining their encounters on their terms. Besides, what really matters is that children build a connection with art. To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple quizzes such as, “Who can guess the artist?” or, “Who can identify the period it was made?” Also, don’t spend too long in the gallery for children naturally have shorter attention spans than adults, limiting your visit to 45 minutes in a gallery is perfect for stopping boredom creeping in. 37．What is the author’s attitude towards the common view on art galleries? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain. 38．Why should a kid be exposed to art galleries? A．They lift children’s moods. B．They foster educational excellence. C．They give opportunities to create artworks. D．They offer diverse ways to perceive the world. 39．What does the author recommend parents to do? A．To define artistic terms. B．To emphasize tradition. C．To link kids with art by games. D．To make kids fit in with galleries. 40．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Make Art Fun B．Take Kids to Art Galleries C．Art Galleries Won’t Die Easily D．Kids Say No to Art Galleries 11.（2024届长沙市周南中学高三第三次模拟考试试题）We often hear about schools cutting back on bus routes to save money, yet plenty of communities have their buses stopping almost as often as the mail truck. The presence of sidewalks and the safety of area roads play a role in determining who can enjoy door-to-door or off-street pickup services. But Peter Mannella, head of the New York Association for Pupil Transportation, says community culture can play an even larger role in traffic conditions. For example: Several years ago, Bethlehem tried spacing out its stops, says Mannella. The parents were displeased, expressing as much and, within three days, the routes were back to their original frequency. "You can say ’We are going to save $100,000 by not stopping at every house,’ but parents don’t want their kids walking," Mannella says. As you’d expect, this is especially true in bad weather or during winter. As a student in the 1980s, we walked to our stops. The neighborhood wait-spot was a good quarter mile away. Parents didn’t make a fuss (大惊小怪), and no child was injured. In fact, the walking was good - it woke us up each morning. Not to mention the sense of community we felt each morning waiting for the bus to pick us up and take us to school. The thing is, a lot has changed since the 1980s. Too many people are texting and driving, making them as dangerous on the roads as drunken drivers. And, with fewer employees in many companies, parents often work longer hours, meaning they aren’t around to guard their kids to and from stops like many parents did when we were growing up. So I understand that their kids don’t have to walk a mile to and from school every day. I can’t agree with the complaints of having kids walk to a community neighborhood stop, though. If you worry they’re going to be cold, get them a hat. If you fear they may miss the bus, send them out the door five minutes earlier. 41．What do we know about Bethlehem’s plan? A．It ended up in failure. B．It lasted for a long time. C．It wasn’t put into practice. D．It saved a lot of money. 42．What can we learn about students in the 1980s from paragraph 3? A．They woke up early in the morning. B．They lived just a stone’s throw from the bus stop. C．They enjoyed socializing with neighbors. D．They benefited by walking to a neighborhood stop. 43．Why are today’s parents unwilling to let their children walk to a neighborhood stop? A．Careless drivers bring about safety risks. B．The weather conditions are terrible in winter. C．Children might be late for school. D．The house-to-house pickup is available. 44．What is the author’s attitude towards children walking to bus stops? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Supportive. D．Critical. 12.（2024届黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈师大附中三模试题）Pity the poor traffic policeman. He’s the last guy you want to see when you’re speeding down the highway. But according to a major research by scientists in Canada and California, that policeman just might be saving your life or the life of someone else. The researchers have found that a traffic ticket reduces a driver’s chance of being involved in a disastrous accident greatly. The effect doesn’t last long, however. Within months, the lead foot is back on the pedal and the risk of killing yourself or someone else is back up to where it was before that policeman stared you in the eye and wrote out that expensive ticket. It is back to business as usual for most motorists. Traffic tickets save thousands of lives every year. Yet traffic laws are applied infrequently, almost as if by whim (心血来潮), partly because people just don’t like traffic policemen, and there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on than applying highway safety laws. Researches looked at the month prior to a disastrous accident, and the number of traffic convictions (定罪), and then the same month in the year before. They found there were fewer tickets in the month before a disastrous accident than there were a year before, which suggests there’s a protective effect of having a ticket. The scientists also turned up some surprising results. “Most of the crashes did not involve alcohol,” they reported. “The relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among women and men, regardless of age, prior driving record, and other personal data. Men, however, were involved in far more disastrous accidents than women and the most accident-prone (有倾向的) age was between 30 and 50.” They also pointed out that most crashes could have been prevented by a small difference in driver behavior. So the next time you see that policeman in your rear-view mirror, give him or her a broad smile. 45．How will the drivers probably behave months after having traffic tickets? A．Drive more attentively than before. B．Return to where accidents happened. C．Escape a spot check for alcohol. D．Drive as fast as they did before. 46．Which statement about traffic laws is correct? A．They have saved thousands of lives so far. B．They are not favored by traffic policemen. C．They are carried out consistently and sufficiently. D．They are not the priority of the government’s budget. 47．What can be learned from paragraph 4? A．Traffic tickets can guarantee safe driving. B．It is necessary to reduce traffic convictions. C．Disastrous accidents will decline with more traffic tickets given. D．Tickets’ protective effect can be found before disastrous accidents. 48．What can be inferred from the research? A．Its results applied to both men and women. B．None of the traffic crashes involved alcohol. C．Women aged 30 to 50 caused more disastrous accidents. D．Drivers were used to looking at the mirrors while driving. 13.（2024届江西省联考高考模拟预测试题）If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office, it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes. That’s not true for lots of the people you interact with. The bus driver who gets you to your destination, and the people on reception as you enter the building — they’re likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform. A poll of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes, almost a quarter wear a uniform. Some employers require uniforms, since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance, project a brand identity with useful job-specific features, and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions. Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform. A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza. They were then shown pictures of uniformed or non-uniformed employees. Participants were more likely to blame the company than the individual for a bad experience when a uniform was involved. If corporate clothing makes each worker seem more representative of their employers, the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers. Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees. In 2012, Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky coined the term “unclothed cognition” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way people think and feel. In one study, Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to apply minor electric shocks to other people in return for money; those dressed in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy than those in normal outfits. The effects uniforms have on workers will obviously vary. The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality. But employees who don’t have to wear a formal uniform tend to have their own pattern of dressing, thus forming another informal uniform. 49．What do we know about white-collar office workers? A．They must follow strict rules about uniforms. B．Their way of dressing reveals their job duties. C．Their clothes may not be relevant to their work. D．They wear uniforms to inspire customers’ interest. 50．What did the participants do in the study in Para. 3? A．They imagined being served in a shop. B．They dressed up in employees’ uniform. C．They were asked to work in a pizza shop. D．They ordered pizza from uniformed employees. 51．Why are workplace uniforms disliked by some people? A．They block customers’ en-clothed cognition. B．They re an expression of being inexperienced. C．They are inferior to their own pattern of dressing. D．They lack an express on of wearers’ individuality. 52．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An essay on fashion trend. B．A review of workplace culture C．A guidebook about making clothes. D．An introduction about social customs. 14.（2024届浙江省Lambda联盟高三5月模拟考试英语试题）In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its class, action, and occupations exactly as they were, wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent study of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the renaissance of earthly life, and the power of God, and as message that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly didactic. How explicit and consistent the symbolizing process was intended to be is a much thornier matter, but anyone who has more familiarity than a passing acquaintance with Dutch literature or with the kinds of images used in illustrated books (above all emblem books) will know how much less pervasive was the habit of investing ordinary objects than of investing scenes with meaning that go be-y ond their surface and outward appearance. In the mid-1960s, Eddy de Jongh published an extraordinary array of material — especially from the emblem books and vernacular literature — that confirmed the unreliability of taking Dutch pictures at surface value alone. The major difficulty, however, with the findings of critics such as de Jongh is that it is not easy to assess the multiplicity of levels in which Dutch viewers interpreted these pictures. De Jongh’s followers typically regard the pictures as purely symbolic. Not every object within Dutch paintings need be interpreted in terms of the gloss given to its equivalent representation in the emblem books. Not every foot warmer is to be interpreted in terms of the foot warmer in Rowmer Visscher’s Sinnepoppen of 1614, not every bridle is an emblem of restraint (though many were indeed just that). To maintain as Brown does, that the two children in Netscher’s painting A Lady Teaching a Child to Read stand for industry and idleness is to fail to understand that the painting has a variety of possible meanings, even though the picture undoubtedly carriers unmistakable symbolic meanings, too. Modern Art historians may well find the discovery of parallels be-tween a painting and a specific emblem exciting, they may, like seventeenth-century viewers, search for the double that lie behind many paintings. But seventeenth-century response can hardly be reduced to the level of formula. To suggest otherwise is to imply a laboriousness of mental process that may well characterize modern interpretations of seventeenth-century Dutch Art, but that was, for the most part, not characteristic in the seventeenth century. 53．The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following? A．Reconciling two different points of view about how art reflects. B．Criticizing a traditional method of interpretation. C．Describing and evaluating a recent critical approach. D．Describing a long-standing controversy and how it was resolved. 54．The author of the passage mentions bridles in the highlighted portion of the passage most likely in order to ______. A．Suggest that restraint was only one of the many symbolic meanings attached to bridles B．Provide an example of an everyday, physical object that was not endowed with symbolic meaning C．Provide an example of an object that modern critics have endowed with symbolic meaning different from the meaning assigned it by seventeenth-century Dutch artists D．Provide an example of an object with symbolic meaning that was not always used as a symbol 55．Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph of the passage? A．It provides specific applications of the critical approach introduced in the preceding paragraph. B．It present a caveat about the critical approach discussed in the preceding paragraph. C．It presents the research on which a theory presented in the preceding paragraph is based. D．It refutes a theory presented in the preceding paragraph and advocates a return to a more traditional approach. 56．The passage suggests which of the following about emblem books in seventeenth-century Holland? A．They confirm that seventeenth century Dutch painting depict some objects and scenes rarely found in daily life. B．They are more useful than vernacular literature in providing information about the sym-bolic content of seventeenth-century Dutch painting. C．They have been misinterpreted by art critics, such as de Jongh, who claim seventeenth-century Dutch paintings contain symbolic meaning. D．They contain material that challenges the assumptions of the nineteenth-century critics about seventeenth-century Dutch painting. 15.（2024届安徽省安庆市第一中学高三三模试题）Museums have been around for centuries, with the first known museum founded in the 3rd century BC． For a long time, they were used to showcase traditional artworks like paintings, sculptures and drawings. In recent times, however, digital art has started to gain popularity as an art form. This has raised the question of whether or not museums should accept digital art into their collections. Digital art can be defined as an artwork created using digital technology and tools like computers, tablets and smartphones. It includes a variety of mediums such as animation, 3D modelling, virtual reality and video game design. Digital art is increasingly being used by artists to create unique pieces that are unlike anything else seen before. The debate over whether museums should accept digital art into their collections has been ongoing for some time. On one hand, many believe that digital art is not “real” art and does not deserve to be given the same recognition as traditional artworks. On the other hand, supporters of digital art hold the view that museums should embrace this new form of expression and give it the same respect as any other type of artworks. The truth is that many museums have already begun to accept digital art into their collections. In fact, some museums have even dedicated entire exhibitions to showcasing digital artworks from around the world. This shows that there is a growing appreciation for this type of expression and that it is slowly becoming more accepted by mainstream audiences. In general, while there may still be some debate over whether or not digital art deserves to be accepted into museum collections, it is clear that many museums are beginning to welcome this new form of expression. As more people realize the digital art and its potential as an artistic medium, it will likely become even more popular in years to come. 57．What do we know about the digital art from the first three paragraphs? A．It dates back to the 3rd century BC． B．Its uniqueness leads to its high market value. C．Its creation cannot be separated from digital technology. D．It should be placed in museums according to most people. 58．What does the underlined word “embrace” in paragraph 4 mean? A．increase. B．describe. C．refuse. D．accept. 59．What is the current situation of the digital art? A．It is getting more and more recognition. B．It has been accepted by the mainstream audiences. C．Most museums have accepted it as their collection. D．This kind of exhibition can be seen all over the world. 60．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of the digital art? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Worried. D．Casual. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【好题汇编】2024年高考英语三模试题分类汇编 专题04 议论文 1.（2024届浙江省精诚联盟高三下学期三模英语试题）In 2017, Irish President Michael D．Higgins and his wife Sabina started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards, the purpose of which is to invite students from throughout that country to reflect on interesting questions and participate in philosophical thinking and discussion. In 2023, over 500 young thinkers came together at University College Dublin for the sixth annual gathering. The grand prize winner was Seán Radeliffe from Cork, for his essay ‘Has Plato’s tale of the cave been warning us of social media for 2,500years?’And speaking of Plato, in 2022, an award-winning documentary film entitled Young Plato received international recognition. It focuses on how Kevin McArevey, the headmaster of a primary school in Belfast’s Ardoyne housing estates, uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence(For more, see YoungPlato. com). As one can see, philosophy is alive and well in both the Republic of Ireland and the UK constituent country of Northern Ireland. Ireland has traditionally been known as the Land of Saints and Scholars. In this edition of Philosophy Now, we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative. This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humor, charm, and friendliness enriched my life. Like Tom Duddy, Seán died much too young. He demonstrated to me the true meaning of William Butler Yeats’s closing words from his poem ‘The Municipal Gallery Revisited’: “Think where man’s glory most begins and ends And say my glory was I had such friends.” Prof. Timothy J. Madigan St John Fisher University 1．What can readers probably get on YoungPlato. com? A．How critical thinking helps students reflect on their violence. B．How Plato’s stories influence social media every now and then. C．How Higgins and his wife started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards. D．How young thinkers try philosophical thinking and discussion annually. 2．What will be highlighted in this edition of Philosophy Now? A．Ireland’s Philosophical Evolution. B．Thomas Duddy’s ideas on history. C．The growing reputation of Ireland. D．The ideal way of exploring philosophy. 3．Why does the author quote Yeats’s poem? A．To compare Seán’s achievement with Tom Duddy’s. B．To express the author’s sorrow for Seán’s early death. C．To appreciate the friendship between the author and Seán. D．To demonstrate the author’s understanding of philosophy. 4．What best shows the author’s view on philosophy? A．Creative. B．Reflective. C．Skeptical. D．Confused. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了爱尔兰和北爱尔兰的哲学教育情况，以及作者对哲学的看法。 1．细节理解他。根据第一段“ It focuses on how Kevin McArevey, the headmaster of a primary school in Belfast’s Ardoyne housing estates, uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence(For more, see YoungPlato. com)”（它聚焦于贝尔法斯特Ardoyne住宅区一所小学的校长Kevin McArevey如何使用批判性思维技巧，让幼儿能够超越暴力的界限看待问题（更多信息，请参阅YoungPlato.com））可知，在YoungPlato. Com能看到批判性思维如何帮助学生反思自己的暴力行为。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In this edition of Philosophy Now, we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative.”（ 在本期《现代哲学》中，我们将冷眼看待翡翠岛哲学的过去、现在和未来，重点关注托马斯 · 达迪(Thomas Duddy)在其著作《爱尔兰思想史》(A History of Irish Thought)中提出的观点，即这种探索必须既实用又具有创造性。）可知，本期《现代哲学》将重点介绍探索哲学的理想方法。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humor, charm, and friendliness enriched my life.”（本期特别献给我已故的朋友肖恩 · 莫兰(Seán Moran) ，他是《今日哲学》的作者，也是我多年前在沃特福德遇到的一位现代爱尔兰哲学家，他的幽默、魅力和友好丰富了我的生活。）可知，作者作者要引用叶芝的诗的目的是感激作者和肖恩之间的友谊。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文的描述，根据第一段“uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their violence”（使用批判性思维技巧，让幼儿能够超越暴力的界限看待问题）以及第二段“such an exploration must be both practical and creative.”（即这种探索必须既实用又具有创造性）可知，作者对哲学的看法是反思性的，他认为哲学应该是实际的、有创造性的，并且能够帮助人们超越自身的局限。故选B项。 2.（2024届浙江省Lambda联盟高三5月模拟试题）Fifty years after Liliana Cavani’s film The Night Porter was released to widespread critical disgust, how have views of it changed? “To write a poem after Auschwitz is barbaric,” wrote the German theorist Theodor Adorno, suggesting in his 1949 essay Cultural Criticism and Society that artistic expression had been rendered inadequate as a tool to understand reality after the Holocaust. In her 1974 film The Night Porter, Italian director Liliana Cavani challenged this theory, taking it to its logical extreme. She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls. Amid the furore after its release — which included intensely negative reviews and an at-tempted ban by the Italian ratings board—with typical nonchalance, Cavani told The New York Times: “This is nothing compared to the numberless couples who tear each other apart psychologically.” Half a century on, however, does The Night Porter still seem like a provocation that plumbs the depths of bad taste? With the film’s recent restoration and re-releases, as well as renewed conversations around cinematic depictions of the Holocaust, many have revisited the film and remain unimpressed by its content. Others are perhaps seeing the film more as Lili-an a Cavani originally intended: as an artistic reflection of how sexual obsession can be fascistic in its tunnel-visioned ferocity. Cavani herself put it more simply: “love comes always with a price to pay.” The Night Porter is set in Vienna in 1957, where a former Nazi commandant, Max (Dirk Bogarde), works in an upmarket hotel. There, he clashes with former SS colleagues who are determined to purge themselves of any shame about their roles in the Final Solution and eliminate any surviving witnesses. Max, however, would rather forget his past and move on, living his life quietly, he says, “as a church mouse.” His careful world is upended when Lucia (Charlotte Rampling), now married to an American composer, walks into his hotel lobby — the very woman he sexually abused while she was a prisoner in his camp, and with whom he entered into a sadomasochistic relationship. Reunited once more, their twisted folie a deux resumes and a fervent debasement begins — now, on both sides. 5．Which of the following statements best reflects the author’s perspective on the film’s portrayal of the Holocaust? A．The film is a disrespectful and exploitative representation of the Holocaust. B．The film is a complex and abstract exploration of Nazi ideology and sexual taboos. C．The film is a straightforward historical account of the Holocaust. D．The film is a romanticized depiction of love during the Holocaust. 6．In the context of the article, which of the following best describes the term “sadomasochistic”? A．A form of psychological therapy. B．A type of artistic expression. C．A relationship dynamic characterized by the exchange of pain and pleasure. D．A historical account of events during World War II. 7．What is the main argument of those who defend the film’s artistic merit? A．The film provides a realistic portrayal of the Holocaust. B．The film’s controversial nature generates important discussions. C．The film is a successful example of the “Nazisploitation” genre. D．The film’s plot and character development are highly original. 8．What is the most appropriate title for the article? A．“The Night Porter: A Cinematic Controversy” B．“Liliana Cavani: The Director Who Challenged Art” C．“Love and Evil: The Complex Themes of The Night Porter” D．“The Holocaust on Film: A History of Cinematic Portrayals” 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了对莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的电影《午夜守门人》的具有争议的评价。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In her 1974 film The Night Porter, Italian director Liliana Cavani challenged this theory, taking it to its logical extreme. She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls.(意大利导演莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼在她1974年的电影《午夜守门人》中挑战了这一理论，将其推向了逻辑的极致。她以集中营为背景，探索了一名青少年囚犯和一名党卫军指挥官之间疯狂的性关系，以及多年后，这种心理毒药是如何渗透到他们的灵魂中的)”可推知，这部电影是对纳粹意识形态和性禁忌的复杂而抽象的探索，最好地反映了作者对电影对大屠杀的描绘的观点。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“She used a concentration camp as the setting to explore a crazed sexual bond between an adolescent prisoner and an SS commandant, and how, years later, this psychological poison has pervaded their souls.(她以集中营为背景，探索了一名青少年囚犯和一名党卫军指挥官之间疯狂的性关系，以及多年后，这种心理毒药是如何渗透到他们的灵魂中的)”以及文章最后一段“His careful world is upended when Lucia (Charlotte Rampling), now married to an American composer, walks into his hotel lobby — the very woman he sexually abused while she was a prisoner in his camp, and with whom he entered into a sadomasochistic relationship.(当露西娅(夏洛特·兰普林饰)走进他的酒店大厅时，他小心翼翼的世界被颠覆了——露西娅(夏洛特·兰普林饰)现在嫁给了一位美国作曲家。露西娅正是他在集中营里被他性侵的那个女人，他和她陷入了一种受虐狂和施虐狂的关系)”可推知，sadomasochistic意为“一种以痛苦和快乐的交换为特征的动态关系”。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“With the film’s recent  restoration and re-releases, as well as renewed conversations around  cinematic depictions of the Holocaust, many have revisited the film and  remain unimpressed by its content. (随着这部电影最近的修复和重新发行，以及围绕大屠杀的电影描述的重新讨论，许多人重新审视了这部电影，但仍然对其内容不感兴趣)”可推知，那些为这部电影的艺术价值辩护的人的主要论点是影片的争议性引发了重要的讨论。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fifty years after Liliana Cavani’s film The Night Porter was released to widespread critical disgust, how have views of it changed?(莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的电影《午夜守门人》上映50年后，评论界对它的看法发生了怎样的变化？)”和全文描述可知，文章主要介绍了对莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的电影《午夜守门人》的具有争议的评价。故选A。 3.（2024届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三五月模拟试卷）It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy. But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. In a highly-connected digital age, however, many readers do not fancy their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 9．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 10．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 11．Netta describes the state of loneliness as __________. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．never beneficial 12．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．C 12．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了独处与孤独的区别，并强调独处对个人成长的重要性。通过历史人物的故事和科学研究，作者提倡在喧嚣世界中寻找独处时光，以恢复内心并享受自我反思的益处。 9．推理判断题。由文章第一段“It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile(流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. (这个词被认为是由伟大的造币者威廉·莎士比亚创造的。科里奥兰纳斯，他的角色之一，把流亡比作一条“孤独的龙”隐居在他的洞穴里。他说的是一种生理状态：孤独的人只是一个人。然后，感谢浪漫主义诗人，这个词有了情感意义。孤独成了灵魂的一种状态。对于以“像一朵云一样孤独地漫游”而闻名的威廉·华兹华斯来说，大自然提供了一种逃离消极孤独感的方式——一群花可以提供“愉快的陪伴”。如今，孤独常常被视为一个严重的公共健康问题，它会造成一种与外界脱节的感觉。)”可知，第一段通过回顾从莎士比亚最初使用“孤独”一词描述单纯的物理上的独处状态，到浪漫主义诗人将其含义扩展到心灵层面的过程，追溯了“孤独”概念的发展。故选A。 10．推理判断题。由文章第二段“In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. (心理学教授内塔·温斯坦在他的著作《孤独》中对独处时间的回报感到好奇。他首先讲述了作家蒙田和画家霍珀等人物创作的孤独故事。然后，内塔利用实验室工作、访谈和调查来阐明独处是如何真正影响人类思维的。)”可知，《孤独》一书着重探讨了独处时间对人心理的正面影响，通过历史人物的故事、实验室研究、访谈和调查数据来阐明独处如何真正作用于人的心理。故选D。 11．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. (孤独，通常被认为是消极的，可以潜在地转化为积极的孤独体验。)”可知，孤独的状态是可以改变的。故选C。 12．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. In a highly-connected digital age, however, many readers do not fancy their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. (相比之下，选择性的独处为自我反省提供了空间。它可以打开通往“高峰体验”的大门，比如惊奇、和谐和幸福。然而，在一个高度互联的数字时代，许多读者并不指望自己有机会休息足够长的时间来获得这样的体验。)”可知，Netta可能同意的一个观点是在高度互联的数字时代，许多读者认为自己不太可能有足够长的时间中断来体验“巅峰时刻”，暗示在这样的环境下，人们主动选择的、有利于自我反思的独处变得较为少见，即选择性独处在数字世界中是罕见的。故选C。 4.（2024届河北省秦皇岛市部分示范高中高三下学期三模英语试题）The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans. When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.” In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in. The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing tine we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day. The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research. 13．What contributes to the spread of “fake news”? A．People factor. B．Human culture. C．Modern invention. D．Information accuracy. 14．Why did the general audiences think actual data less persuasive? A．They prefer making sensible analyses. B．They ae more likely to be emotional. C．They have more trust in authority. D．They overestimate themselves. 15．How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By explaining a concept. D．By citing experts’ words. 16．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To reveal secrets. B．To share emotions. C．To criticize a decision. D．To describe a phenomenon. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．B 16．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了假新闻社会现象背后的原因主要是人的传播，普通观众认为实际数据不那么有说服力因为他们更容易情绪化。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.(这是因为错误信息起源于人类同胞，并由人类同胞传播)”可知，人的因素促成了“假新闻”的传播。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in.(在一个完全理性、合乎逻辑的世界里，与某个领域或行业联系不紧密的人，不会像实际数据或该领域的顶尖专家那样具有同样的影响力。但人类并不是完全明智、合乎逻辑的生物，我们生活的世界也不是)”可知，普通观众认为实际数据不那么有说服力因为他们更容易情绪化。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing tine we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day.(理性思考和分析的能力是相对较新的心智能力（在进化的意义上）。我们大脑中形成记忆和学习的更成熟、更基本的系统严重依赖于情感。越是能激发情感的东西，就越容易被记住。这就是为什么我们可以花几个月的时间复习一场重要的学校考试的材料，但一旦我们通过了，就很难记住任何内容。与此同时，我们尴尬地滑倒在学校食堂里。这种记忆将持续到我们死去的那一天)”可推知，作者在第4段通过举例阐述他的观点。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.(最近“假新闻”的传播可能会让人觉得错误信息是一种相对现代的发明。但是，只要人类文化存在，谎言和疯狂的主张就已经成为人类文化的一部分。这是因为错误信息起源于人类同胞，并由人类同胞传播)”可知，文章主要说明了假新闻社会现象背后的原因主要是人的传播，普通观众认为实际数据不那么有说服力因为他们更容易情绪化。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是描述一种现象。故选D。 5.（2024届河北省邯郸市高三下学期第三次调研考试英语试题）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 17．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. 18．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. 19．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in paragraph 3? A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 20．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说实话是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回应。要在两者之间找到平衡。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial. “A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. (‘我遇到的大多数人都会说善意的谎言，因为他们明白，一直100%的诚实是无益的。’她解释说，善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害。)”可知，根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法，善意的谎言很常见。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. (与此同时，佛罗里达州的婚姻和家庭治疗师Julia Breur博士强调了关注我们回应他人的重要性。事实是，不说实话会让你感到不愉快；不仅仅是谎言的对象感到不愉快。)”可知，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds. (Breur说：‘在心理治疗过程中，我和病人强调，情境有助于定义意义。’她补充道：‘所以，当我们看到一位母亲清楚地看到女儿长胖了，却说你看起来很棒时，这是可以接受的。它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。否则，善意的谎言——尤其是为了逃避个人责任而撒的谎言——会引发人与人之间不信任的循环，最终损害诚信。’)”可知，Breur博士对第3段中母亲的做法持支持态度，他认为它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. (因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说实话是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回应。通常情况下，这是关于在两者之间找到平衡。)”可知，本文主要讲了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies (说谎之前三思)”最能概括本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B。 6.（2024届江苏省南通市高三下学期高考适应性考试试题）Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life. Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an unavoidable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents. Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested, however, that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be a fallacy. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world”, that is, the world before the introduction of the will of humanity, as being unpleasant and short. This opinion is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine (学说) of natural selection. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation. Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition rather than other values, such as cooperation, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, unavoidable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. 21．What does the author think is commonly seen in many areas of contemporary life? A．The origin of human drives. B．The influence of competition. C．The reasons for human behaviour. D．The disagreement on competition. 22．What does the underlined words “a fallacy” in the second paragraph mean? A．A false idea. B．A hard nut. C．A losing battle. D．A mixed blessing. 23．What can we learn from Darwin’s words in The Origin of Species? A．All species depend on others for survival. B．The strongest species proves to be the fittest. C．Struggles for survival include support of each other. D．Competition is looked on as the best survival strategy. 24．What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach? A．It is characteristic of humans to be competitive. B．Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation. C．Competition is relatively more popular in Western societies. D．People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound. 【答案】21．A 22．A 23．C 24．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源，指出心理学界对竞争天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者观点，如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学家米德的研究，说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果，而是文化塑造的产物，其重要性视具体社会价值观而定。 21．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life. (长期以来，心理学家一直对竞争是人类行为的后天因素还是遗传因素持不同意见。不管是什么，你不得不承认竞争对学术和当代生活的许多其他领域的影响。)”可知，作者认为当代生活许多领域中普遍存在的是人类动力的起源，即竞争。故选A。 22．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world”, that is, the world before the introduction of the will of humanity, as being unpleasant and short. This opinion is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine (学说) of natural selection. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation. (然而，人类学目前的研究表明，这种关于竞争在人类行为中的作用的观点可能是a fallacy。托马斯·霍布斯，十七世纪最伟大的哲学家之一，也许最令人难忘的是他对“自然世界”的描述，即人类意志引入之前的世界，是不愉快和短暂的。这一观点至今仍被广泛接受，查尔斯·达尔文极具影响力的著作《物种起源》强化了这一观点，该书创立了自然选择学说。达尔文的理论甚至被概括为“适者生存”——达尔文本人从未使用过这个词——进一步强调了竞争在成功中的作用。然而，正如人们经常指出的那样，在自然选择的概念中，没有任何东西表明竞争是“适者生存”的最成功策略。达尔文在《物种起源》中说，他所描述的斗争应该被看作是隐喻，不能与依赖和合作分开。)”可知，文章引用了托马斯·霍布斯和查尔斯·达尔文的理论，指出人们普遍持有的关于“自然世界”和“适者生存”的观念可能存在问题，人类学家的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中角色的观点可能是错误的。a fallacy的含义为“一种谬论，一个错误的想法”。A. A false idea一个错误的想法；B. A hard nut一个棘手的问题；C. A losing battle一场失败的战斗；D. A mixed blessing喜忧参半。故选A。 23．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation. (达尔文在《物种起源》中说，他所描述的斗争应该被看作是隐喻，不能与依赖和合作分开。)”可知，这表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。 24．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. (在研究了数十种这样的文化之后，米德的最终结论是，竞争力是人类行为的文化创造方面，它在特定社会中的受欢迎程度与该社会对其的评价有关。)”可知，人们对待竞争的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。 7.（2024届安徽省六安第一中学高三下学期三模英语试题）In the record of human history, few subjects have generated as much excitement, debate, and guess as artificial intelligence (AI). This revolutionary technology, which enables machines to perform tasks that once required human intelligence, has the potential to transform every part of our society, from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment. At its heart, AI is all about data. Massive amounts of data are fed into algorithms that learn from this data, allowing them to make predictions, recognize patterns, and even make decisions. This “machine learning” is the driving force behind many of the AI applications we see today, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to more advanced systems like IBM’s Watson, which can analyze vast amounts of information to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. The transformative potential of AI is undeniable. In the medical field, for instance, AI can assist in early detection of diseases, predict patient outcomes, and even suggest treatment options. In finance, algorithms can predict stock market trends, and provide personalized financial advice. In transportation, self-driving cars equipped with AI systems promise to reduce accidents, ease traffic jams, and transform urban landscapes. However, with great potential comes great responsibility. The rise of AI has caused debates about its ethical implications (道德含义). The machines are only as good as the data they are fed, and there’s a growing concern about biases (偏见) being built into AI systems. For instance, facial recognition technologies, used in everything from unlocking phones to police monitoring cameras, have come under check for misidentifying individuals based on race or gender. Moreover, the widespread adoption of AI could lead to significant job displacement. While new roles and industries might emerge as a result of AI, it is not sure that these will pay off the jobs lost. This could increase income inequalities and causes difficulties to social systems. Another major concern is the “black box” nature of AI. Many Al systems operate in ways that even their creators don’t fully understand. This can be problematic, especially in critical applications like healthcare or criminal justice where understanding the logic behind a decision is important. Then there’s the potential for Al to be weaponized. In the hands of evil actors, AI could be used to spread misinformation, control public opinion, or even engage in internet warfare. The global community must come together to set standards and regulations to prevent such misuse. On the brighter side, many experts believe that by setting the right frameworks and investing in education and retraining, we can use the power of AI for the greater good. By fostering (促进) a culture of continuous learning and staying abreast (并排的，并肩的) of technological advancements, society can benefit from the promise of AI while avoiding its potential dangers. In conclusion, artificial intelligence stands as one of the most profound inventions of our time. While it offers vast opportunities, it also poses significant challenges that we, as a society, must welcome. As we stand at this technological crossroads, our choices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit or a harm for humanity. 25．In what way does AI acquire the capability to perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence? A．By programming predefined rules. B．Through user interactions every day. C．By swallowing and processing vast amounts of data. D．Via regular software updates from developers. 26．In the context of the article, how does the author primarily demonstrate the effect of artificial intelligence? A．By citing numerous statistical data. B．By presenting both the positive potential and the challenges of AI. C．Through personal experiences. D．By focusing on the negative effects of Al. 27．What can we learn from the passage? A．Al has already replaced most human jobs and is the leading cause of unemployment. B．The global community has taken measures to prevent AI misuse. C．The operation of many AI systems is easily understood by their creators. D．The solving to the dilemma brought by AI needs co llective efforts of our society. 28．Which of the following is the best title? A．The Rise of Virtual Assistants: Siri and Alexa B．Understanding the Mechanisms Behind AI Algorithms C．Artificial Intelligence: Charting the Course for Tomorrow’s Tech D．Balancing the Potential and challenges of AI in Modern Society 【答案】25．C 26．B 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At its heart, AI is all about data. Massive amounts of data are fed into algorithms that learn from this data, allowing them to make predictions, recognize patterns, and even make decisions. (人工智能的核心是数据。大量的数据被输入到算法中，从这些数据中学习，使它们能够做出预测，识别模式，甚至做出决策。)”可知，机器获得执行传统上需要人类智能的任务的能力的方法是通过摄取和处理大量数据。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The transformative potential of AI is undeniable. In the medical field, for instance, AI can assist in early detection of diseases, predict patient outcomes, and even suggest treatment options. In finance, algorithms can predict stock market trends, and provide personalized financial advice. In transportation, self-driving cars equipped with Al systems promise to reduce accidents, ea se traffic jams, and transform urban landscapes. (人工智能的变革潜力是不可否认的。例如，在医疗领域，人工智能可以帮助早期发现疾病，预测患者的预后，甚至提出治疗方案。在金融领域，算法可以预测股票市场趋势，并提供个性化的理财建议。在交通方面，配备人工智能系统的自动驾驶汽车有望减少事故，缓解交通拥堵，并改变城市景观。)”、第四段“However, with great potential comes great responsibility. The rise of AI has caused debates about is ethical implications (道德含义). (然而，潜力越大，责任越大。人工智能的兴起引发了关于其道德含义的争论。)”、第五段“Moreover, the widespread ad option of AI could lead to significant job displacement. (此外，人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量的工作岗位流失。)”以及第六段“Another major concern is the “black box” nature of AI. (另一个主要问题是人工智能的“黑匣子”性质。)”可推知，作者通过展示人工智能的积极潜力和挑战来论证人工智能的影响。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“On the brighter side, many experts believe that by setting the right frameworks and investing in education and retraining, we can use the power of AI for the greater good. By fostering (促进) a culture of continuous learning and staying abreast (并排的，并肩的) of technological advancements, society can benefit from the promise of AI while avoiding its potential dangers. (从好的方面来看，许多专家认为，通过建立正确的框架，投资于教育和再培训，我们可以利用人工智能的力量为更大的利益服务。通过培养一种持续学习的文化和跟上技术进步的步伐，社会可以从人工智能的前景中受益，同时避免其潜在的危险。)”可知，解决人工智能带来的困境需要我们社会的共同努力。故选D。 28．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In conclusion, artificial intelligence stands as one of the most profound inventions of our time. While it offers vast opportunities, it also poses significant challenges that we, as a society, must welcome. As we stand at this technological crossroads, our choices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit or a harm for humanity. (总之，人工智能是我们这个时代最深刻的发明之一。虽然它提供了巨大的机会，但它也带来了我们作为一个社会必须欢迎的重大挑战。当我们站在这个技术的十字路口时，我们的选择将决定人工智能对人类是有益还是有害。)”可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。由此可知，D项：Balancing the Potential and challenges of Al in Modern Society (平衡人工智能在现代社会中的潜力和挑战)是最好的标题。故选D。 8.（2024届福建省漳州市高三毕业班第三次质量检测试题）The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. Professor Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist at the University of Edinburgh, suggested that the way in which other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future. He compared the potential problem of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago. Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat,” he writes. Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added, “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. That does raise the question: If temperatures do rise really quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly reasonable.” However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak. “We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.” 29．How do mammals cope with climate change according to Brusatte? A．Moving to colder regions. B．Reducing their body size. C．Losing their weight. D．Adapting their diet. 30．What does the underlined word “dissipation” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Exchange. B．Formation. C．Absorption. D．Emission. 31．What is Adrian Lister’s attitude towards the recent study? A．Worried. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Approving. 32．What is the best title of this text? A．The Threat of Climate Change to Human Survival B．The Impact of Climate Change on Mammal Body Sizes C．The Evolutionary Trends in Mammal Body Sizes D．The Adaptive Strategies of Mammals to Climate Change 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．C 32．B 【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。 29． 细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. (一位著名化石专家表示，气候危机可能会导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对不断上升的全球气温。)”及第四段中“Brusatte said that becoming smaller was ‘a common way that mammals deal with climate change’. ( Brusatte说，变小是“哺乳动物应对气候变化的一种常见方式”。)”可知，根据Brusatte的说法，哺乳动物减小体型来应对气候变化。故选B项。 30． 词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. (在《哺乳动物的兴起和统治》一书中，Brusatte指出，当今世界上温暖地区的动物通常比寒冷地区的动物要小，这是一个被称为Bergmann法则的生态原则。)”和划线词句中“The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals (原因尚不完全清楚，但可能在一定程度上是因为比较起更大的动物，较小的动物相对于其体积有更高的表面积)”可知，体型较小的动物比体型较大的动物更容易散热，从而推知划线部分“and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat (从而可以提高额外热量的dissipation)”其中划线部分意思是“散发”。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak.(然而，并不是所有的专家都认为气温升高会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦敦自然历史博物馆的Adrian Lister教授说，最近的人类遗骸研究显示的这种关系很弱。)”以及“That is not happening in today’s world.(这在今天的世界是不会发生的。)”等内容可知，Adrian Lister对最近的研究持怀疑态度。故选C项。 32． 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. (一位著名化石专家表示，气候危机可能会导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对不断上升的全球气温。)”可知，本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。B“气候变化对哺乳动物体型的影响”符合主题，故选B项。 9.（四川省绵阳南山中学高三下学期三诊热身考试英语试题）According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired. Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment. But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.” Said Prof. Veronika Job. The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation. Mr. Job said. “The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.” The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior. 33．The underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 2 probably means______. A．to make something return to its previous situation or condition B．to put things in a certain place. C．to give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them D．to repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting and so on. 34．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams? A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break. B．Tell themselves that willpower is not limited. C．Don’t eat fast food while studying. D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place. 35．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Willpower doesn’t last long. B．How to build strong willpower. C．The great influence of willpower. D．A new theory about willpower. 36．According to the article, which one is correct? A．In the experiments, the ones who believe in limited willpower performed better. B．In the experiments, the ones who believe in unlimited willpower performed better. C．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food less than the ones believed in unlimited willpower. D．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food as many as the ones believed in unlimited willpower. 【答案】33．A 34．B 35．D 36．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章挑战了意志力资源有限的传统理论，指出人们的信念影响其意志力表现，相信意志力不受限制的人在任务中表现更好，这一发现对帮助人们抵抗诱惑有重要意义。 33．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment. (长期以来，科学家们一直认为意志力是一种有限的资源，这就是为什么你觉得需要休息一下，吃点零食，然后在感觉好些的时候再回来工作。他们认为，……意志力的唯一方法是休息、饮食或娱乐。)”可知，科学家们认为唯一恢复意志力的方式是休息、进食或娱乐，因此restore在这里的意思是“将某物恢复到先前的情况或状态”。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges. (相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战。) ”可知，研究表明相信意志力不受限制的人表现更好，因此为了学生能够更好地准备考试的最佳选择是告诉他们意志力不受限制。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired. (根据大多数人的说法，经过长时间的学习或工作后，我们需要休息一下来恢复精神。然而，情况可能并非如此。根据最近的一份报告，你并不像你想象的那样需要休息才会让你感觉不那么累。)”和第三段的“They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.” Said Prof. Veronika Job. (他们发现，人们对意志力的信念决定了他们能够在一项艰难的脑力锻炼中工作多长时间和多好。“如果你认为意志力是一种不易耗尽的东西，那么你可以一直坚持下去。”维罗妮卡·约伯教授说。)”及倒数第二段的“A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges. (相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战。) ”可知，可知，文章讨论了心理学家对意志力限制性资源理论的挑战，并提出了新的观点，即“相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战。”，因此文章的最佳标题是“意志力的新理论”。故选D。 36．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. (在完成一项累人的任务后，那些相信或被引导相信意志力是一种有限资源的人，在标准的注意力测试中比那些认为意志力是一种更加可控的东西的人表现得更差。)”可知，根据文章，相信意志力不受限制的人在实验中表现更好，相比之下，相信意志力是有限的那些人表现更差。故选B。 10.（2024届重庆市第八中学高三下学期三模试题）Going to a gallery can be really enriching for children, but how to get them through the door? According to a psychologist Michael Atar, there’s an art. With digital distractions everywhere, the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery — and they actually enjoy it — seems a huge challenge. It’s commonly thought that art galleries are anything but child-friendly places — they are usually described in popular media as stuffy and serious, demanding intense and extended periods of concentration for meditation in the backstory and meaning locked within each golden frame. That common view depressingly makes galleries the least-visited heritage attractions for British families. Research has found that trips each year to theaters and castles far outnumber those to galleries, with a survey revealing that 35 percent of families have never been there at all. This is a crying shame as being exposed to art holds profound significance for the development of young minds, both intellectually and emotionally. Beyond simply offering aesthetics (美学), art galleries serve as invaluable educational and instructional resources, fostering creativity, critical thinking and empathy. Here, children have the opportunity to engage in diverse perspectives, cultures and moods, with each painting, sculpture or photograph telling a story, inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with the artwork, and offering them different ways of seeing the world. But how can we get them engaged? First, dispose of the idea of galleries being old-fashioned, outdated institutions to the dustbin. Similarly, see engagement with art being far wider than a collection of dry facts about the artist and history. Rather than trying to make kids “fit in” with fixed labels of a gallery, instead make the art gallery fit in with kids, defining their encounters on their terms. Besides, what really matters is that children build a connection with art. To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple quizzes such as, “Who can guess the artist?” or, “Who can identify the period it was made?” Also, don’t spend too long in the gallery for children naturally have shorter attention spans than adults, limiting your visit to 45 minutes in a gallery is perfect for stopping boredom creeping in. 37．What is the author’s attitude towards the common view on art galleries? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain. 38．Why should a kid be exposed to art galleries? A．They lift children’s moods. B．They foster educational excellence. C．They give opportunities to create artworks. D．They offer diverse ways to perceive the world. 39．What does the author recommend parents to do? A．To define artistic terms. B．To emphasize tradition. C．To link kids with art by games. D．To make kids fit in with galleries. 40．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Make Art Fun B．Take Kids to Art Galleries C．Art Galleries Won’t Die Easily D．Kids Say No to Art Galleries 【答案】37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了父母将孩子带去艺术博物馆的好处，以及给出了如何吸引孩子去艺术博物馆的建议。 37．推理判断题。根据第三段中“That common view depressingly makes galleries the least-visited heritage attractions for British families. (令人沮丧的是，这种普遍观点使画廊成为英国家庭参观人数最少的遗产景点。)”可知，作者对于美术馆的普遍观点为批判态度。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Beyond simply offering aesthetics (美学), art galleries serve as invaluable educational and instructional resources, fostering creativity, critical thinking and empathy. Here, children have the opportunity to engage in diverse perspectives, cultures and moods, with each painting, sculpture or photograph telling a story, inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with the artwork, and offering them different ways of seeing the world. (除了简单地提供美学，艺术画廊作为宝贵的教育和教学资源，培养创造力，批判性思维和同理心。在这里，孩子们有机会参与不同的视角、文化和情绪，每一幅画、雕塑或照片都讲述了一个故事，邀请年轻的观众来解读和联系艺术作品，并为他们提供不同的看待世界的方式。)可知，美术馆提供了感知世界的多种方式，因此孩子们应该接触艺术画廊。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Besides, what really matters is that children build a connection with art. To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple quizzes such as, “Who can guess the artist?” or, “Who can identify the period it was made?” (此外，真正重要的是孩子们与艺术建立联系。为了鼓励这一点，你可以将其制作成一款带有或不带有奖励的游戏，并设置一些简单的测试，如“谁能猜出艺术家是谁？”或者，“谁能确定它是什么时候制作的？”)”可知，作者建议家长们通过游戏将孩子们与艺术联系起来。故选C。 40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Going to a gallery can be really enriching for children, but how to get them through the door? (去画廊对孩子们来说真的很丰富，但如何让他们进门呢？)”可知，文章主要论述了父母将孩子带去艺术博物馆的好处，以及给出了如何吸引孩子去艺术博物馆的建议。B选项“带孩子们去艺术画廊”符合本文主旨。故选B。 11.（2024届长沙市周南中学高三第三次模拟考试试题）We often hear about schools cutting back on bus routes to save money, yet plenty of communities have their buses stopping almost as often as the mail truck. The presence of sidewalks and the safety of area roads play a role in determining who can enjoy door-to-door or off-street pickup services. But Peter Mannella, head of the New York Association for Pupil Transportation, says community culture can play an even larger role in traffic conditions. For example: Several years ago, Bethlehem tried spacing out its stops, says Mannella. The parents were displeased, expressing as much and, within three days, the routes were back to their original frequency. "You can say ’We are going to save $100,000 by not stopping at every house,’ but parents don’t want their kids walking," Mannella says. As you’d expect, this is especially true in bad weather or during winter. As a student in the 1980s, we walked to our stops. The neighborhood wait-spot was a good quarter mile away. Parents didn’t make a fuss (大惊小怪), and no child was injured. In fact, the walking was good - it woke us up each morning. Not to mention the sense of community we felt each morning waiting for the bus to pick us up and take us to school. The thing is, a lot has changed since the 1980s. Too many people are texting and driving, making them as dangerous on the roads as drunken drivers. And, with fewer employees in many companies, parents often work longer hours, meaning they aren’t around to guard their kids to and from stops like many parents did when we were growing up. So I understand that their kids don’t have to walk a mile to and from school every day. I can’t agree with the complaints of having kids walk to a community neighborhood stop, though. If you worry they’re going to be cold, get them a hat. If you fear they may miss the bus, send them out the door five minutes earlier. 41．What do we know about Bethlehem’s plan? A．It ended up in failure. B．It lasted for a long time. C．It wasn’t put into practice. D．It saved a lot of money. 42．What can we learn about students in the 1980s from paragraph 3? A．They woke up early in the morning. B．They lived just a stone’s throw from the bus stop. C．They enjoyed socializing with neighbors. D．They benefited by walking to a neighborhood stop. 43．Why are today’s parents unwilling to let their children walk to a neighborhood stop? A．Careless drivers bring about safety risks. B．The weather conditions are terrible in winter. C．Children might be late for school. D．The house-to-house pickup is available. 44．What is the author’s attitude towards children walking to bus stops? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Supportive. D．Critical. 【答案】41．A 42．D 43．A 44．C 【导语】本文是议论文，作者回忆了上世纪 80 年代学生步行到社区站点乘车的好处，分析了现在的家长们不再愿意那样做的原因，并表达了对学生步行去站点乘车这一做法的支持。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“The parents were unhappy, expressed as much and, within three days, the routes were back to their original frequency.(家长们很不高兴，并且在三天之内，这些路线又改回到了原来的站点设置)”可知，Bethlehem计划中，新的校车线路实施不到三天，这些路线又改回到了原来的样子，由此可知该计划以失败告终。故选A。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“In fact, the walking was good — it woke us up each morning. Not to mention, the sense of community that came with hanging out together each morning waiting for bus No. 23 to roll up and take us all to school. (事实上，步行去乘车的感觉很好——它每天早上唤醒我们。更不用说，每天早上在一起等23路公交车来送我们去学校带来的那种社区归属感)”可推知，上世纪80年代的学生受益于走路去社区校车站。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Thing is, a lot has changed since the 1980s. Too many people are texting and driving, making them as dangerous on the roads as drunken drivers.(问题是，20世纪80年代以来发生了很多变化。太多人边开车边发短信，这使得他们在路上和酒后驾车的人一样危险)”可推知，粗心的司机会带来安全隐患，所以不愿意让孩子们走路去乘车。故选A。 44．推理判断题。根据第五段的句子“I can’t agree with the complaints of having kids walk to a community neighborhood stop, though. If you worry they’re going to be cold, get them a hat. If you fear they may miss the bus, send them out the door five minutes earlier.(不过，我不赞同对让孩子步行到社区站乘车的抱怨。如果你担心他们会觉得冷，给他们带顶帽子。如果你担心他们错过公共汽车，让他们提前5分钟出门)”可推知，作者认为让孩子步行到社区站乘车不应该遭到抱怨，他支持让孩子步行到社区站乘车。故选C。 12.（2024届黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈师大附中三模试题）Pity the poor traffic policeman. He’s the last guy you want to see when you’re speeding down the highway. But according to a major research by scientists in Canada and California, that policeman just might be saving your life or the life of someone else. The researchers have found that a traffic ticket reduces a driver’s chance of being involved in a disastrous accident greatly. The effect doesn’t last long, however. Within months, the lead foot is back on the pedal and the risk of killing yourself or someone else is back up to where it was before that policeman stared you in the eye and wrote out that expensive ticket. It is back to business as usual for most motorists. Traffic tickets save thousands of lives every year. Yet traffic laws are applied infrequently, almost as if by whim (心血来潮), partly because people just don’t like traffic policemen, and there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on than applying highway safety laws. Researches looked at the month prior to a disastrous accident, and the number of traffic convictions (定罪), and then the same month in the year before. They found there were fewer tickets in the month before a disastrous accident than there were a year before, which suggests there’s a protective effect of having a ticket. The scientists also turned up some surprising results. “Most of the crashes did not involve alcohol,” they reported. “The relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among women and men, regardless of age, prior driving record, and other personal data. Men, however, were involved in far more disastrous accidents than women and the most accident-prone (有倾向的) age was between 30 and 50.” They also pointed out that most crashes could have been prevented by a small difference in driver behavior. So the next time you see that policeman in your rear-view mirror, give him or her a broad smile. 45．How will the drivers probably behave months after having traffic tickets? A．Drive more attentively than before. B．Return to where accidents happened. C．Escape a spot check for alcohol. D．Drive as fast as they did before. 46．Which statement about traffic laws is correct? A．They have saved thousands of lives so far. B．They are not favored by traffic policemen. C．They are carried out consistently and sufficiently. D．They are not the priority of the government’s budget. 47．What can be learned from paragraph 4? A．Traffic tickets can guarantee safe driving. B．It is necessary to reduce traffic convictions. C．Disastrous accidents will decline with more traffic tickets given. D．Tickets’ protective effect can be found before disastrous accidents. 48．What can be inferred from the research? A．Its results applied to both men and women. B．None of the traffic crashes involved alcohol. C．Women aged 30 to 50 caused more disastrous accidents. D．Drivers were used to looking at the mirrors while driving. 【答案】45．D 46．D 47．C 48．A 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论交通罚单可以减少驾驶员卷入灾难性事故的几率，然后通过事实和论据进行论证，包括研究人员的研究结果，以及相关的数据分析和观察。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers have found that a traffic ticket reduces a driver’s chance of being involved in a disastrous accident greatly. The effect doesn’t last long, however. Within months, the lead foot is back on the pedal and the risk of killing yourself or someone else is back up to where it was before that policeman stared you in the eye and wrote out that expensive ticket.(研究人员发现，交通罚单大大降低了司机卷入灾难性事故的几率。然而，这种效果不会持续太久。几个月后，你就会重新踩上踏板，而你自己或他人死亡的风险又回到了警察盯着你的眼睛开那张昂贵罚单之前的状态)”可知，在收到交通罚单几个月后，司机可能会和他们以前一样开得快。故选D项。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段“Traffic tickets save thousands of lives every year. Yet traffic laws are applied infrequently, almost as if by whim (心血来潮), partly because people just don’t like traffic policemen, and there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on than applying highway safety laws.(交通罚单每年挽救成千上万人的生命。然而，交通法规的实施很少，几乎是一时兴起，部分原因是人们不喜欢交通警察，而且除了实施高速公路安全法，政府还有很多其他的事情要花钱)”可知，交通法规不是政府预算的重点。故选D项。 47．推理判断题。根据第四段“Researches looked at the month prior to a disastrous accident, and the number of traffic convictions (定罪), and then the same month in the year before. They found there were fewer tickets in the month before a disastrous accident than there were a year before, which suggests there’s a protective effect of having a ticket.(研究人员查看了灾难性事故发生前的一个月，以及交通事故定罪的数量，然后是前一年的同月。他们发现，灾难性事故发生前一个月的罚单比一年前少，这表明有罚单有保护作用)”可知，交通罚单越多，灾难性事故就会减少。故选C项。 48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The scientists also turned up some surprising results. “Most of the crashes did not involve alcohol,” they reported. “The relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among women and men, regardless of age, prior driving record, and other personal data. Men, however, were involved in far more disastrous accidents than women and the most accident-prone (有倾向的) age was between 30 and 50.”(科学家们还发现了一些令人惊讶的结果。“大多数车祸与酒精无关，”他们报告说。“无论年龄、以前的驾驶记录和其他个人数据如何，与交通定罪相关的相对风险降低在女性和男性中都是非常一致的。然而，男性发生的灾难性事故远比女性多，最容易发生事故的年龄在30至50岁之间”)”可知，无论年龄、以前的驾驶记录和其他个人数据如何，与交通定罪相关的相对风险降低在女性和男性中都是非常一致的，所以研究结果对男性和女性都适用。故选A项。 13.（2024届江西省联考高考模拟预测试题）If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office, it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes. That’s not true for lots of the people you interact with. The bus driver who gets you to your destination, and the people on reception as you enter the building — they’re likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform. A poll of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes, almost a quarter wear a uniform. Some employers require uniforms, since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance, project a brand identity with useful job-specific features, and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions. Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform. A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza. They were then shown pictures of uniformed or non-uniformed employees. Participants were more likely to blame the company than the individual for a bad experience when a uniform was involved. If corporate clothing makes each worker seem more representative of their employers, the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers. Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees. In 2012, Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky coined the term “unclothed cognition” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way people think and feel. In one study, Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to apply minor electric shocks to other people in return for money; those dressed in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy than those in normal outfits. The effects uniforms have on workers will obviously vary. The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality. But employees who don’t have to wear a formal uniform tend to have their own pattern of dressing, thus forming another informal uniform. 49．What do we know about white-collar office workers? A．They must follow strict rules about uniforms. B．Their way of dressing reveals their job duties. C．Their clothes may not be relevant to their work. D．They wear uniforms to inspire customers’ interest. 50．What did the participants do in the study in Para. 3? A．They imagined being served in a shop. B．They dressed up in employees’ uniform. C．They were asked to work in a pizza shop. D．They ordered pizza from uniformed employees. 51．Why are workplace uniforms disliked by some people? A．They block customers’ en-clothed cognition. B．They re an expression of being inexperienced. C．They are inferior to their own pattern of dressing. D．They lack an express on of wearers’ individuality. 52．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An essay on fashion trend. B．A review of workplace culture C．A guidebook about making clothes. D．An introduction about social customs. 【答案】49．C 50．A 51．D 52．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了制服对员工的影响，包括帮助公司树立形象、影响顾客的看法以及对员工心理的影响等。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office, it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes.(如果你是在办公室工作的白领，不太可能有人能从你的衣着猜出你的确切工作。)”可知，白领的穿着可能与其工作没有关联。故选C。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza.(蒂尔堡大学的罗伯特·史密斯和他的同事们进行的一项研究要求人们想象在取披萨时遭遇糟糕服务的情况。)”可知，参与者在研究中被要求想象在商店接受服务的情景。故选A。 51．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality.(对制服的明显反对意见是它们缺乏个性。)”可知，有些人不喜欢工作场所的制服，是因为它们缺乏个性。故选D。 52．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Some employers require uniforms, since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance, project a brand identity with useful job-specific features, and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions.(一些雇主要求穿制服，因为这有助于确保外表的专业水平，用有用的特定工作特征来展示品牌形象，并向客户明确示意他们应该向谁提出问题。)”和第三段“Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform.(如果员工穿制服，这些顾客会得出不同的结论。)”可知，本文主要讨论了制服对员工的影响，包括帮助公司树立形象、影响顾客的看法以及对员工心理的影响等。因此，这篇文章最有可能出自一篇关于职场文化的评论。故选B。 14.（2024届浙江省Lambda联盟高三5月模拟考试英语试题）In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its class, action, and occupations exactly as they were, wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent study of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the renaissance of earthly life, and the power of God, and as message that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly didactic. How explicit and consistent the symbolizing process was intended to be is a much thornier matter, but anyone who has more familiarity than a passing acquaintance with Dutch literature or with the kinds of images used in illustrated books (above all emblem books) will know how much less pervasive was the habit of investing ordinary objects than of investing scenes with meaning that go be-y ond their surface and outward appearance. In the mid-1960s, Eddy de Jongh published an extraordinary array of material — especially from the emblem books and vernacular literature — that confirmed the unreliability of taking Dutch pictures at surface value alone. The major difficulty, however, with the findings of critics such as de Jongh is that it is not easy to assess the multiplicity of levels in which Dutch viewers interpreted these pictures. De Jongh’s followers typically regard the pictures as purely symbolic. Not every object within Dutch paintings need be interpreted in terms of the gloss given to its equivalent representation in the emblem books. Not every foot warmer is to be interpreted in terms of the foot warmer in Rowmer Visscher’s Sinnepoppen of 1614, not every bridle is an emblem of restraint (though many were indeed just that). To maintain as Brown does, that the two children in Netscher’s painting A Lady Teaching a Child to Read stand for industry and idleness is to fail to understand that the painting has a variety of possible meanings, even though the picture undoubtedly carriers unmistakable symbolic meanings, too. Modern Art historians may well find the discovery of parallels be-tween a painting and a specific emblem exciting, they may, like seventeenth-century viewers, search for the double that lie behind many paintings. But seventeenth-century response can hardly be reduced to the level of formula. To suggest otherwise is to imply a laboriousness of mental process that may well characterize modern interpretations of seventeenth-century Dutch Art, but that was, for the most part, not characteristic in the seventeenth century. 53．The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following? A．Reconciling two different points of view about how art reflects. B．Criticizing a traditional method of interpretation. C．Describing and evaluating a recent critical approach. D．Describing a long-standing controversy and how it was resolved. 54．The author of the passage mentions bridles in the highlighted portion of the passage most likely in order to ______. A．Suggest that restraint was only one of the many symbolic meanings attached to bridles B．Provide an example of an everyday, physical object that was not endowed with symbolic meaning C．Provide an example of an object that modern critics have endowed with symbolic meaning different from the meaning assigned it by seventeenth-century Dutch artists D．Provide an example of an object with symbolic meaning that was not always used as a symbol 55．Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph of the passage? A．It provides specific applications of the critical approach introduced in the preceding paragraph. B．It present a caveat about the critical approach discussed in the preceding paragraph. C．It presents the research on which a theory presented in the preceding paragraph is based. D．It refutes a theory presented in the preceding paragraph and advocates a return to a more traditional approach. 56．The passage suggests which of the following about emblem books in seventeenth-century Holland? A．They confirm that seventeenth century Dutch painting depict some objects and scenes rarely found in daily life. B．They are more useful than vernacular literature in providing information about the sym-bolic content of seventeenth-century Dutch painting. C．They have been misinterpreted by art critics, such as de Jongh, who claim seventeenth-century Dutch paintings contain symbolic meaning. D．They contain material that challenges the assumptions of the nineteenth-century critics about seventeenth-century Dutch painting. 【答案】53．C 54．D 55．B 56．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了关于17世纪荷兰画作的不同解读方式，包括19世纪批评家的现实主义解读，以及近期的象征主义解读，并对这两种解读方式进行了评价。 53．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its class, action, and occupations exactly as they were, wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent study of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the renaissance of earthly life, and the power of God, and as message that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly didactic”（在十九世纪晚期，艺术评论家认为十七世纪的荷兰绘画是现实的直接反映。这些绘画被认为是民主政体社会的一个指标，这个社会选择了代表它的阶级、行为和职业，而广泛的现实主义被认为是荷兰艺术的伟大成就。然而，最近荷兰艺术研究的成就是恢复了这样一个事实，即这些绘画应被视为死亡的象征、世俗生活的复兴和上帝的力量，并被视为从温和的道德说教到坚定的说教的信息）和第二段“The major difficulty, however, with the findings of critics such as de Jongh is that it is not easy to assess the multiplicity of levels in which Dutch viewers interpreted these pictures. De Jongh’s followers typically regard the pictures as purely symbolic.”（ 然而，德·琼等评论家的发现的主要困难在于，很难评估荷兰观众对这些画作的多重解读。德荣的追随者通常认为这些画纯粹是象征性的。）可知，文章主要是在描述和评价一种新的批评方法，即将17世纪荷兰画作看作是象征性的，而不仅仅是现实的反映。故选C。 54．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“not every bridle is an emblem of restraint (though many were indeed just that)”（并非每个马勒都是约束的象征，尽管许多确实是这样），可以推知，马勒作为一个象征意义的物体，并不总是被用作象征。故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Modern Art historians may well find the discovery of parallels be-tween a painting and a specific emblem exciting, they may, like seventeenth-century viewers, search for the double that lie behind many paintings. But seventeenth-century response can hardly be reduced to the level of formula. To suggest otherwise is to imply a laboriousness of mental process that may well characterize modern interpretations of seventeenth-century Dutch Art, but that was, for the most part, not characteristic in the seventeenth century.”（现代艺术历史学家很可能会发现一幅画和一个特定徽章之间的相似之处令人兴奋，他们可能会像17世纪的观众一样，寻找许多画作背后的双重性。但十七世纪的反应很难被简化到公式的水平。否则的说法意味着心理过程的艰辛，这很可能是17世纪荷兰艺术现代诠释的特征，但在很大程度上，这在17世纪并不是特征）可知，作者在此提出了对前一段讨论的批评方法的警告，即不能将17世纪的反应简化为公式化的水平，否则就会暗示一种可能更符合现代对17世纪荷兰艺术解读的繁琐的思维过程，但在17世纪大部分时间里并非如此。故选B。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“In the mid-1960s, Eddy de Jong h published an extraordinary array of material—especially from the emblem books and vernacular literature—that confirmed the unreliability of taking Dutch pictures at surface value alone.”（在20世纪60年代中期，Eddy de Jongh发布了一系列非凡的材料——尤其是来自象征书和通俗文学——这些材料证实了仅从表面价值来看荷兰画作的不可靠性），可以推知，象征书中的材料挑战了19世纪批评家关于17世纪荷兰画作的假设。故选D。 15.（2024届安徽省安庆市第一中学高三三模试题）Museums have been around for centuries, with the first known museum founded in the 3rd century BC． For a long time, they were used to showcase traditional artworks like paintings, sculptures and drawings. In recent times, however, digital art has started to gain popularity as an art form. This has raised the question of whether or not museums should accept digital art into their collections. Digital art can be defined as an artwork created using digital technology and tools like computers, tablets and smartphones. It includes a variety of mediums such as animation, 3D modelling, virtual reality and video game design. Digital art is increasingly being used by artists to create unique pieces that are unlike anything else seen before. The debate over whether museums should accept digital art into their collections has been ongoing for some time. On one hand, many believe that digital art is not “real” art and does not deserve to be given the same recognition as traditional artworks. On the other hand, supporters of digital art hold the view that museums should embrace this new form of expression and give it the same respect as any other type of artworks. The truth is that many museums have already begun to accept digital art into their collections. In fact, some museums have even dedicated entire exhibitions to showcasing digital artworks from around the world. This shows that there is a growing appreciation for this type of expression and that it is slowly becoming more accepted by mainstream audiences. In general, while there may still be some debate over whether or not digital art deserves to be accepted into museum collections, it is clear that many museums are beginning to welcome this new form of expression. As more people realize the digital art and its potential as an artistic medium, it will likely become even more popular in years to come. 57．What do we know about the digital art from the first three paragraphs? A．It dates back to the 3rd century BC． B．Its uniqueness leads to its high market value. C．Its creation cannot be separated from digital technology. D．It should be placed in museums according to most people. 58．What does the underlined word “embrace” in paragraph 4 mean? A．increase. B．describe. C．refuse. D．accept. 59．What is the current situation of the digital art? A．It is getting more and more recognition. B．It has been accepted by the mainstream audiences. C．Most museums have accepted it as their collection. D．This kind of exhibition can be seen all over the world. 60．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of the digital art? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Worried. D．Casual. 【答案】57．C 58．D 59．A 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是数字艺术是一种新兴的艺术形式，它将科技与艺术融为一体，通过数字媒体创作和展示艺术作品。近些年随着数字技术的崛起，关于“博物馆是否应该收藏数字艺术作品” 的话题被大家广泛讨论。 57．细节理解题。根据第三段“Digital art can be defined as an artwork created using digital technology and tools like computers, tablets and smartphones. (数字艺术可以定义为使用计算机、平板电脑和智能手机等数字技术和工具创作的艺术品。)”可知，数字艺术可以定义为使用计算机、平板电脑和智能手机等数字技术和数字工具创作的艺术品。因此，数字艺术的创作离不开数字技术和数字工具。故选C。 58．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句上文“On one hand, many believe that digital art is not “real” art and does not deserve to be given the same recognition as traditional artworks.(一方面，许多人认为数字艺术不是“真正的”艺术，不应该得到与传统艺术同样的认可)”可知，一方面人们认为数字艺术不是真正的艺术，不应该被认可；同时根据划线词所在的句子“On the other hand, supporters of digital art hold the view that museums should embrace this new form of expression and give it the same respect as any other type of artworks.(另一方面，数字艺术的支持者持这样的观点：博物馆应该embrace这种新的表现形式，并给予它与任何其他类型的艺术品同样的尊重。)”可知，从另一方面来说数字艺术的支持者认为数字艺术应该被认可，被接受。故划线词表示“接受， 欢迎”，与D选项“accept(接受，认可)”意思一致。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The truth is that many museums have already begun to accept digital art into their collections. In fact, some museums have even dedicated entire exhibitions to showcasing digital artworks from around the world. This shows that there is a growing appreciation for this type of expression and that it is slowly becoming more accepted by mainstream audiences.(事实上，许多博物馆已经开始接受数字艺术的收藏。事实上，一些博物馆甚至专门举办了整个展览来展示来自世界各地的数字艺术品。这表明人们越来越欣赏这种表达方式，并逐渐被主流观众所接受。)”可知，许多博物馆已经开始接受数字艺术的收藏，人们越来越欣赏这种表达方式，数字艺术正逐渐被主流观众所接受。也就是说，数字艺术目前正在获得越来越多的认可。故选A。 60．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As more people realize the digital art and its potential as an artistic medium, it will likely become even more popular in years to come.(随着越来越多的人意识到数字艺术及其作为艺术媒介的潜力，它可能会在未来几年变得更加流行。)”可知，作者对数字艺术的未来持乐观态度。故选B。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$