专题03 日清十考点+形容词、副词精讲-2024年八升九英语暑期无忧衔接（通用版）

专题03 日清十考点+形容词、副词精讲 1.日清十考点 2.形容词、副词精讲 日清十考点 考点一 do as many things……as they can ……as. + adj. /adv./n. + as one can表示“尽可能……相当于as……as possible。one要随主语的变化而变化。 1.In order to learn English well，you had better see . = In order to learn English well，you had better see 为了学好英语，你最好尽可能多地看英语电影。 2.Be as careful as you can. = Be .尽可能小心。 考点二 experience n.(一次)经历，体验 ① 表示“经历”时，一般用作可数名词；表示“经验”时，用作不可数名词。 ② experienced adj.有经验的 (1)请跟我们说说你在非洲的经历。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) We work under an________(experience) engineer. 考点三 celebrate celebration celebrated v.庆祝；庆贺 n.庆祝 adj.著名的 (1)家人总是在一起庆祝感恩节。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)We will hold a_______(celebrate) on National Day. 考点四 punish punish sb. for sth./doing sth. punishment v. 处罚；惩罚 因(做了)某事而惩罚某人 n.处罚；惩罚 (1)老师因她的学生在考试中作弊而处罚了他们。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)________ (Punish) seemed to make no impression on the child. 考点五 a group of a small group of people a crowd of a large crowd of young people 一群；一组 一小群人 一群 一大群年轻人 考点六 so far=up to now=up till now迄今；到目前为止(和现在完成时连用) 到目前为止，我已读完了三本小说。 I have finished reading three novels so far. = I have finished reading three novels . = I have finished reading three novels . 考点六 success succeed successful successfully 作不可数名词时，“成功” 作可数名词时，“一件成功的事”或“一个成功的人”。 v. 成功 adj. 成功的 adv. 成功地 【搭配】 成功地做某事 succeed in doing sth. be successful in sth. do sth. successfully 他成功通过了考试。 He in passing the exam.= He was in the exam.=He passed the exam . 考点七 【辨析】except for，except，和besides except “除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系，常同nothing，all，none，nobody，any 等不定代词以及every连用。 except for “除……以外”，指除了这点外，其他尚可。也指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的。 besides “除……之外，还有”时，则表示“另外附加”的含义，相当于in addition to。 (l)The office is open every day Sundays.除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。 (2)Your writing is good for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。 (3)We need three more people to finish the job us two.除了我们两个人之外，我们还要三个人来完成这项工作。 考点八 worth be worth doing sth. worthy (反) worthless adj.值得；有价值 值得做某事(主动表被动) = be worthy of being done adj.值得(或应得)……的 adj.没用的；无价值的 (1)北京是一个值得参观的城市。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Throw it away. It’s quite________(worth). 考点九 【辨析】first of all，after all与above all first of all 意为“首先”，强调要谈到的第一件事，通常是指顺序而言。 after all 意为“毕竟；终究”，表示让步。 above all 强调要引起特别注意。 I would like to buy a house which is modern，comfortable，and_______in a quiet place. A.first of all B. after all C.above all 语法精讲 形容词 考点一　形容词的比较等级 一、形容词比较等级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 二、形容词原级的用法 1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful.花园里的花很漂亮。 2.表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。如:The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。 3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”。如: English is as interesting as Chinese.英文和中文一样有趣。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。如: This book isn’t so new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。 否定句的结构中部分双音节和多音节形容词除使用“not...as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。如:He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.他认为汉语没有英语有趣。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如:Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 (4)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……是……的一半”。如:Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你房间的一半大。 —Is Larry as 　　　as Oliver?  —No, he isn't. Larry is shorter. A.taller　　　 B.tall　　　 C.the tallest 三、形容词比较级的用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+be+比较级+than+B”。如: Lily’s room is bigger than mine.莉莉的房间比我的大。 注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one代替可数名词单数形式,the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式,that代替单数名词或不可数名词。如: The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter.冬天,天津的天气比广州的冷。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a great deal,a lot,much,even,still,far,any等修饰形容词时,该形容词可以用比较级。如: It is much colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。 3.表示两者之间进行选择,“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。如: Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao?谁比较高,李明还是王涛? 4.表示“几倍……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如: Your room is three times bigger than mine.你的房间比我的大两倍。 5.表示“两者之间比较……的一个”时,常用“主语+be+the+比较级+of the two...”结构。如: Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中比较高的那个。 6.表示“越来越……”时用“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时,用“more and more+形容词原级”。如:It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和了。 7.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。如:The more,the better.越多越好。 二．知识拓展 8.farther和further far的比较级 含义及用法 例句 farther 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换 A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。 further further还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用 We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。 9.older和elder (1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如: Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。 He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。 He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 (2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如: He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。 10.在同一范围内比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。如: China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(在同一范围内,只能和其他对象进行比较) China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(在不同范围内,可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较) 11. 某些形容词说明事物间的关系,如方位、时间、用途等,没有比较级的变化, 如same,different,southern,northern,Chinese,Japanese等。如: My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。 一．选择填空 1.—What do you think of this kind of clay art? —Great! I have never seen a 　　　one.  A.beautiful　　　 B.more beautiful C.much beautiful　　　 D.most beautiful 2.If we are interested in something, our brain is 　　　and it is also easier for us to pay attention to it for a long time.  A.active　　　 B.more active C.the most active 3.—The 5G network(网络) has come into use. The speed of the network will be much 　　　.  —That's great. A.slow　　　 B.slower　　　 C.fast　　　 D.faster 4.The work is 　　　for me than for you. It's new for me, but you have some experience in this field.  A.easy　　　 B.difficult C.more difficult　　　 D.much easier 5.—What do you think of the movie Operation Red Sea? —Wonderful. I've never seen a movie 　　　than it.  A.more excited　　　 B.more exciting C.most excited　　　 D.most exciting 四、形容词最高级的用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 例　Molly is 　　　 girl of the three.  A.most outgoing B.more outgoing C.the most outgoing D.outgoing 2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。如: Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州? 3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。 4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不能再用定冠词。如: This is our best lesson today.这是我们今天最好的一节课。 6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。如: Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是他班上最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比他班上其他所有的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何人都高。 =No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.在班里没有人比李雷高。 =Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class.李雷比班里其他任何学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the rest of the students in his class.李雷比他班里其余的学生都高。 一．根据汉语提示完成句子 ①There is nothing 　 　 in today’s newspaper.  今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。 ②His idea sounds 　 　.他的主意听起来很棒。  ③He is as 　 　 as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。  ④The film is too 　 　.这部电影太无聊了。  ⑤It is even 　 　 today.今天甚至更冷了。  ⑥Suzhou is becoming .苏州变得越来越美丽。 ⑦This picture is the 　 　 of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 ⑧She is the second 　 　 girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。 二．选择填空 1.Huawei Mate 40 is 　　　of the three mobile phones.  A.expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive 2.—Chinese mountain climbers got to the top of Qomolangma again in 2020! —How exciting! Qomolangma is one of 　　　places for serious mountain climbers.  A.popular　　　 B.more popular C.most popular　　　 D.the most popular 3.My People,My Country is 　　　movie I've ever seen.  A.more educational B.the most educational C.educational　　　 D.less educational 考点二　形容词词义辨析 -ing形容词和-ed形容词 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 This is a surprising story. I am surprised at the news. interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 I have an interesting book. He is interested in science. exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about the traveling. pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快/满意的 This is a pleasing trip. The teacher is pleased with our performance. frightening 令人恐惧的 frightened 感到恐惧的 This is a frightening story. We are frightened of the ghost. moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply. tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 It’s a long tiring day. I’m too tired. fascinating 迷人的 fascinated 着迷的 What a fascinating voice! Many boys are fascinated by computer games. 特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物 特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,一般修饰人,常用于“sb.+be+-ed形容词+介词”结构 We are all interested in the interesting story. 考点三　其他用法 一、常见名词变形容词的方法 名词 构成方法 意义 举例 表示天气 的名词 -y 充满……的 多……的 cloud—cloudy wind—windy 表示方位 的名词 -ern ……方位的 朝……方的 west—western east—eastern 表示称谓 的名词 -ly ……般的 friend—friendly mother—motherly 表示时间 的名词 -ly 每……的 week—weekly month—monthly 表示物质 的名词 -en ……制成的 wood—wooden gold—golden 表抽象意义 的名词 -ful -y -less ……的 ……的 无……的 care—careful use—useful luck—lucky hope—hopeless care—careless 表示大洲与 国家的名词 -n ……的 ……人的 Asia—Asian America—American 二、形容词的排列顺序 当名词由两个或两个以上的形容词(包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词)修饰时,这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则,一般不得随意调换,也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列: 1.限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。 2.表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:beautiful, fine, interesting等。 3.表示大小、长短、高低等形状的形容词,如:tall, high, small, little, round等。 4.表示年龄、新旧的形容词,如:young, old, new等。 5.表示颜色的形容词,如:black, white, blue等。 6.表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词,如:Japanese, American, English, rural(乡村的)等。 7.形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:plastic, silky, wooden等。如: two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘 two big round new Chinese wooden tables两张新的中式的木制大圆桌 三、易混形容语辨析 1.good,well,fine和nice (1)good是形容词,用作表语和定语,它表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好;表示人品好、善良等。如: This is a good book.这是一本好书。 (2)well兼作形容词和副词,作形容词时,只作表语,指身体健康。如: —How are you?——你(身体)好吗?—I’m very well. ——我(身体)很好。 (3)fine通常指天气好、气质好等。如:It’s a fine day today.今天天气晴朗。 (4)nice往往指“令人喜悦的,讨人喜爱的”人、味道、言语、天气等。如:You look very nice.你很好看。 2.ill和sick 两个词都是“病的,生病的”之意,都可以作表语,但作定语时只能用sick 而不能用ill(ill作定语时表示“坏的”)。如: The sick man is his uncle.那位病人是他叔叔。 He has been ill for two days.他已经病了两天了。 3.black和dark 都可作形容词,也可作名词,区别为:black的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其反义词是white;dark的意思“暗、天黑、黑暗”,指无光。如:The doors are painted black.这些门被漆成黑色。 It is a dark house.这是间黑屋子。 1.—China has made a complete victory in its fight against poverty (贫困). —As Chinese, we 　　　our country.  A.are proud of B.are friendly to C.are interested in 2.—I think it is a good way to study English by watching English movies. —I agree. I find it 　　　in improving my listening.  A.harmful　　　 B.thankful C.careful　　　 D.helpful 3.Peter has a 　　　memory and often forgets the names of people around him.  A.long　　　 B.good C.rich　　　 D.poor 4.There is more space in the high-speed train and the journey becomes more 　　　.  A.serious　　　 B.boring C.dangerous　　　 D.comfortable 5.Jim shows interest in　　　Chinese festivals and he hopes to come to China one day.  A.weekly　　　 B.traditional C.physical　　　 D.possible 6.—Would you like to play King of Glory with me? —Oh, no. That's the 　　　thing in the world I want to do.  A.loud　　　 B.large C.last　　　 D.lost 一、语法选择 What are some of 　1　 scientific discoveries (发现) in the history of mankind? How have they changed our lives? Read the following story and you are 　2　 to find your answers.  There was once a(n) 　3　 scientist who made several important discoveries. Once he was asked how he was able to be so 　4　. He replied that it all came from an experience he had with his mother when he was 2 years old. He was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the refrigerator. But the bottle was too slippery(滑的) and he dropped it. The kitchen floor was covered with milk.  When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, “Robert, 　5　 you have made!I have never seen 　6　 puddle of milk. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”  So he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up together. Then his mother said, “This was a failed experiment in how to carry a 　7　 bottle of milk with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it.”  The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 　8　 the lesson is!  The scientist then added that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 　9　 to make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just opportunities to learn 　10　—which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't “work”, we can still learn something valuable from it.  1.A.big　　　 B.bigger C.biggest　　　 D.the biggest 2.A.sure　　　 B.interesting C.happy　　　 D.easy 3.A.powerful　 B.important C.famous　　　 D.common 4.A.creative　 B.friendly C.popular　　　 D.humorous 5.A.what wonderful mess B.how a wonderful mess C.how wonderful mess D.what a wonderful mess 6.A.so huge　 B.so a huge C.such huge　　 D.such a huge 7.A.big　　　 B.small　　　 C.good　　　 D.full 8.A.How great　 B.How a great C.What great　　 D.What a great 9.A.angry　　　 B.afraid C.sorry　　　 D.careful 10.A.new something　　　 B.something new C.new anything　　　 D.anything new 副词 一．常用易混副词和副词词组 1.how long,how soon,how often和how far 意义及用法说明 例句 how long 多久,多长时间,对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答 —How long have you been in China? —For three months. ——你来中国有多久了? ——有三个月了。 how soon 多快,多久以后,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答 —How soon will he come back? —In five minutes. ——他多久以后才能回来? ——5分钟后。 how often 多长时间一次,对频率提问,常用once/twice/three times a week等回答 —How often do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. ——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次? ——一周一次。 how far 多远,对距离提问 —How far is it from your home to your school? —About two kilometers. ——你家离学校有多远? ——大概两千米。 2.hard和hardly 意义及用法说明 例句 hard 努力地,大量地,猛烈地 It’s raining hard.雨下得很大。 hardly 几乎不,是否定副词 I can hardly understand his words.我几乎听不懂他说的话。 3.much too和too much 意义及用法说明 例句 much too 非常,极其,太,中心词是too,much修饰too,以加强语气,much too修饰形容词或副词原级 The car is much too expensive. 这辆小轿车实在太贵了。 too much 太多,中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气,too much 修饰不可数名词,与too many 相对应,too many修饰可数名词复数 There’s too much rain in summer.夏天雨水太多了。 4.too,as well,also和either 意义及用法说明 例句 too 也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末 He likes English,too.他也喜欢英语。 as well 也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末 I like you as well.我也喜欢你。 also 也,常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前 I can also swim.我也会游泳。 either 也,用于否定句,常放在句末 I don’t know French,either.我也不懂法语。 5.too,enough和so 意义及用法说明 例句 too 太,很,用于too...to...结构,表示否定意义“太……而不能……” He’s too young to go there by himself.他太小了,不能独自去那里。 enough 足够,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to...”结构,表示“足够……能……” The coach is big enough to hold fifty people.这辆长途汽车足够大,能容纳50人。 so 如此,用于“so...that...”结构,表示“如此……以至于……” The park is so beautiful that we can‘t stop taking photos.这个公园如此美丽以至于我们不停地拍照。 6.already,yet和still 意义及用法说明 例句 already 常用于肯定句 I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的作业了。 yet 常用于否定句或疑问句句末 Have you heard from him yet?你收到他的信了吗? still 常用于肯定句或疑问句,表示某事还在进行 He still works until late every night.每天晚上他仍然工作到很晚。 7.ago和before 意义及用法说明 例句 ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”,和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用,常用于一般过去时的句子中 The meeting began five minutes ago.会议5分钟前就开始了。 before 是指以过去或现在的某一时刻为基准的“以前”,也可泛指以前,常用于现在完成时和过去完成时的句子里 I have never been to Suzhou before.我以前从未去过苏州。 二．兼有两种形式的副词 1.close和closely 意义及用法说明 例句 close 接近,靠近 He lives very close to me.他住得离我很近。 closely 仔细地 Watch me closely.仔细地观察我。 2.late和lately 意义及用法说明 例句 late 晚,迟 You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 lately 最近 What have you been doing lately?你最近一直在做什么? 3.deep和deeply 意义及用法说明 例句 deep 深,表示空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把木棍深深地插入泥里。 deeply 深深地,表示情感上的深度 I was deeply moved by his story. 我被他的故事深深感动了。 4.high和highly 意义及用法说明 例句 high 表示空间高度 The kite is flying high.风筝飞得很高。 highly 表示程度 He thought highly of my advice. 他对我的建议评价很高。 5.wide和widely 意义及用法说明 例句 wide 表示空间宽度 He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 widely 广泛地 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛地使用。 6.free和freely 意义及用法说明 例句 free 免费 Children under five travel free. 五岁以下的儿童乘客免费。 freely 无限制地 You can speak freely at the meeting. 你在会上可以自由发言。 一．选择填空 1.Susan went into her bedroom and ate chocolate 　　　, not letting her parents know that.  A.slowly　　　 B.calmly C.secretly　　　 D.properly 2.Many of the older buildings in our city now look beautiful because workers have　　　 made them look as good as new.   A.carelessly　　　 B.hardly C.nervously　　　 D.carefully 3.The dancing teacher gives us instructions 　　　until we are perfect in every move.  A.patiently　　　 B.quickly C.bravely　　　 D.suddenly 4.—I can't sleep well these days. —Doing sports can help you sleep 　　　.  A.simply　　　 B.deeply　　　 C.weekly 5.Please be polite and 　　　offer your seat to people who need it.  A.never　　　 B.seldom C.sometimes　　　 D.always 6.A small town in Norway doesn't get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　　　 six months out of the year.  A.only　　　 B.hardly C.clearly　　　 D.nearly 7.—Why did you 　　　change your design?  —I realized it wasn't perfect after a long discussion. A.finally　　　 B.successfully C.especially　　　 D.curiously 二、语法选择 There was a businessman who was deep in debt (债务) and could see no way out. He 　1　 sat on a park bench, head in his hands.  　2　, an old man appeared before him. “I can see that something is troubling you,” he said. After listening to the businessman's story, the old man wrote out a check (支票), and put it in his hand, saying, “Take it and pay me 　3　 here exactly one year from today.” Then he turned and disappeared as 　4　 as he had come.  The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, one of the 　5　 men in the world!  “I can pay off my debts in a second!” he realized. But 　6　, the businessman decided to put the check in his safe (保险箱). Just knowing it was there might give him the power to save his business, he thought.  He went back and worked 　7　 to make his business successful. Within several months, he was out of debt and making money 　8　.  　9　 one year later, he returned to the park with the check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. Behind the old man was a nurse. The nurse spoke to the businessman and said that the old man was mentally(精神上) ill and was 　10　 telling people he was John D. Rockefeller.  The businessman was shocked to hear this. All year long he'd been buying and selling, believing that he had half a million dollars behind him. Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money, real or imagined, that had turned his life around. It was his new-found self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after. 1.A.angrily　　　 B.hopelessly C.happily　　　 D.luckily 2.A.Finally　　　 B.Actually C.Suddenly　　　 D.Recently 3.A.back　　　 B.on C.for　　　 D.down 4.A.slowly　　　 B.quickly C.more quickly　　　 D.most quickly 5.A.rich　　　 B.richer C.richest　　　 D.most rich 6.A.however　　　 B.so C.therefore　　　 D.instead 7.A.hard　　　 B.hardly C.harder　　　 D.more hardly 8.A.once again　　　 B.at all C.after all　　　 D.any more 9.A.Finally　　　 B.Exactly C.Soon　　　 D.Actually 10.A.never　　　 B.hardly C.always　　　 D.seldom 三、短文填空 Santa Claus was not always a happy old man. He did not always have long white whiskers(胡子), and he did not 　1　 wear a big red suit.  Long 　2　, he lived in the North Pole, and his yearly Christmas visits brought joy to all the children around the world. Santa Claus was a child himself. He was once 　3　 an ordinary boy named Nicholas. His parents named him Nicholas, which means “hero of the people”.  Even at a young age, Nicholas often helped the people in his village. He shared his meals with those who had nothing to eat. At a very young age, Nicholas joined the church. It was his duty to help people. He gave special attention to the children of his village, and they loved Nicholas 　4　 than anyone else in the village.   　5　 Nicholas became well-known for his good deeds(善事). He often wore a long red robe with a red hat, and he traveled on horseback. At every village, children would see his bright robe from a long distance and gather on the road to greet him happily.  For all of his good deeds, Nicholas was named a saint(圣人). Later, people began to celebrate St. Nicholas' good deeds on Christmas Day. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse - a dystopian future where life as we know it is over and people are only focused on survival? If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a quintessential part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. According to psychologist Judy Rosenberg, stockpiling perishable goods like eggs and milk is a positive sign that people believe a crisis will be over soon. When people stockpile tinned goods, it can be a sign that people fear that the crisis will endure. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ – the idea the people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ – panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion’ can take hold. People’s decision making is hampered when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. 1. What sort of goods do consumers tend to stockpile when they think the crisis will be over quickly? 2. What can cause people’s decision making to be restricted? 3. What is a typical element of TV series set during the apocalypse? 4. What does retail therapy help to control? 5. Why is relatedness mentioned? ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 日清十考点+形容词、副词精讲 1.日清十考点 2.形容词、副词精讲 日清十考点 考点一 do as many things……as they can ……as. + adj. /adv./n. + as one can表示“尽可能……相当于as……as possible。one要随主语的变化而变化。 1.In order to learn English well，you had better see as many English films as you can. = In order to learn English well，you had better see as many English films as possible. 为了学好英语，你最好尽可能多地看英语电影。 2.Be as careful as you can. = Be as careful as possible.尽可能小心。 考点二 experience n.(一次)经历，体验 ① 表示“经历”时，一般用作可数名词；表示“经验”时，用作不可数名词。 ② experienced adj.有经验的 (1)请跟我们说说你在非洲的经历。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) We work under an________(experience) engineer. (1)Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. (2)experienced 考点三 celebrate celebration celebrated v.庆祝；庆贺 n.庆祝 adj.著名的 (1)家人总是在一起庆祝感恩节。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)We will hold a_______(celebrate) on National Day. (1)Families always celebrate Thanksgiving together. (2)celebration 考点四 punish punish sb. for sth./doing sth. punishment v. 处罚；惩罚 因(做了)某事而惩罚某人 n.处罚；惩罚 (1)老师因她的学生在考试中作弊而处罚了他们。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)________ (Punish) seemed to make no impression on the child. (1)The teacher punished her students for cheating in the exam. (2)Punishment 考点五 a group of a small group of people a crowd of a large crowd of young people 一群；一组 一小群人 一群 一大群年轻人 考点六 so far=up to now=up till now迄今；到目前为止(和现在完成时连用) 到目前为止，我已读完了三本小说。 I have finished reading three novels so far. = I have finished reading three novels up to now. = I have finished reading three novels up till now. 考点六 success succeed successful successfully 作不可数名词时，“成功” 作可数名词时，“一件成功的事”或“一个成功的人”。 v. 成功 adj. 成功的 adv. 成功地 【搭配】 成功地做某事 succeed in doing sth. be successful in sth. do sth. successfully 他成功通过了考试。 He succeeded in passing the exam.= He was successful in the exam.=He passed the exam successfully. 考点七 【辨析】except for，except，和besides except “除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系，常同nothing，all，none，nobody，any 等不定代词以及every连用。 except for “除……以外”，指除了这点外，其他尚可。也指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的。 besides “除……之外，还有”时，则表示“另外附加”的含义，相当于in addition to。 (l)The office is open every day except Sundays.除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。 (2)Your writing is good except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。 (3)We need three more people to finish the job besides/in addition to us two.除了我们两个人之外，我们还要三个人来完成这项工作。 考点八 worth be worth doing sth. worthy (反) worthless adj.值得；有价值 值得做某事(主动表被动) = be worthy of being done adj.值得(或应得)……的 adj.没用的；无价值的 (1)北京是一个值得参观的城市。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Throw it away. It’s quite________(worth). (1)Beijing is a city worth visiting. (2)worthless 考点九 【辨析】first of all，after all与above all first of all 意为“首先”，强调要谈到的第一件事，通常是指顺序而言。 after all 意为“毕竟；终究”，表示让步。 above all 强调要引起特别注意。 I would like to buy a house which is modern，comfortable，and_______in a quiet place. A.first of all B. after all C.above all C 语法精讲 形容词 考点一　形容词的比较等级 一、形容词比较等级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 二、形容词原级的用法 1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful.花园里的花很漂亮。 2.表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。如:The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。 3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”。如: English is as interesting as Chinese.英文和中文一样有趣。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。如: This book isn’t so new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。 否定句的结构中部分双音节和多音节形容词除使用“not...as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。如:He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.他认为汉语没有英语有趣。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如:Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 (4)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……是……的一半”。如:Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你房间的一半大。 —Is Larry as 　　　as Oliver?  —No, he isn't. Larry is shorter. A.taller　　　 B.tall　　　 C.the tallest 答案　B　考查形容词比较等级。as...as...中间用形容词或副词的原级,表示“同……一样……”。故选B。 三、形容词比较级的用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+be+比较级+than+B”。如: Lily’s room is bigger than mine.莉莉的房间比我的大。 注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one代替可数名词单数形式,the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式,that代替单数名词或不可数名词。如: The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter.冬天,天津的天气比广州的冷。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a great deal,a lot,much,even,still,far,any等修饰形容词时,该形容词可以用比较级。如: It is much colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。 3.表示两者之间进行选择,“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。如: Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao?谁比较高,李明还是王涛? 4.表示“几倍……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如: Your room is three times bigger than mine.你的房间比我的大两倍。 5.表示“两者之间比较……的一个”时,常用“主语+be+the+比较级+of the two...”结构。如: Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中比较高的那个。 6.表示“越来越……”时用“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时,用“more and more+形容词原级”。如:It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和了。 7.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。如:The more,the better.越多越好。 二．知识拓展 8.farther和further far的比较级 含义及用法 例句 farther 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换 A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。 further further还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用 We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。 9.older和elder (1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如: Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。 He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。 He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 (2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如: He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。 10.在同一范围内比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。如: China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(在同一范围内,只能和其他对象进行比较) China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(在不同范围内,可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较) 11. 某些形容词说明事物间的关系,如方位、时间、用途等,没有比较级的变化, 如same,different,southern,northern,Chinese,Japanese等。如: My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。 一．选择填空 1.—What do you think of this kind of clay art? —Great! I have never seen a 　　　one.  A.beautiful　　　 B.more beautiful C.much beautiful　　　 D.most beautiful 答案　B　本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据上下文可知,回答者认为泥塑艺术比其他的都好,应该用比较级,和never一起表示最高级含义。故选B。 2.If we are interested in something, our brain is 　　　and it is also easier for us to pay attention to it for a long time.  A.active　　　 B.more active C.the most active 答案　B　本题考查形容词的比较级。根据并列连词and后面的it is also easier...可知,此处也要用比较级形式。故选B。 3.—The 5G network(网络) has come into use. The speed of the network will be much 　　　.  —That's great. A.slow　　　 B.slower　　　 C.fast　　　 D.faster 答案　D　本题考查形容词的比较级和词义辨析。众所周知,5G网络的主要特点是快,所以可排除选项A和B。又因much修饰比较级。故选D。 4.The work is 　　　for me than for you. It's new for me, but you have some experience in this field.  A.easy　　　 B.difficult C.more difficult　　　 D.much easier 答案　C　本题考查形容词的比较级和词义辨析。由本句中的than可知,此处应用形容词的比较级。根据第二句中的but you have some experience in this field可知,这份工作对“我”来说更难。故选C。 5.—What do you think of the movie Operation Red Sea? —Wonderful. I've never seen a movie 　　　than it.  A.more excited　　　 B.more exciting C.most excited　　　 D.most exciting 答案　B　本题考查形容词的比较级。根据关键词than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级,因此排除C、D选项。excited用于说明人,故排除A选项。movie电影,因此需要用修饰物的exciting,故答案为B项。 四、形容词最高级的用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 例　Molly is 　　　 girl of the three.  A.most outgoing B.more outgoing C.the most outgoing D.outgoing 答案　C 思路点拨　首先由四个选项可知此题考查形容词的比较等级结构;然后根据标志词of+名词可确定此处应用形容词的最高级形式,最后根据outgoing这个多音节词的最高级形式及其前需加the的规定选出答案。 2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。如: Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州? 3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。 4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不能再用定冠词。如: This is our best lesson today.这是我们今天最好的一节课。 6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。如: Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是他班上最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比他班上其他所有的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何人都高。 =No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.在班里没有人比李雷高。 =Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class.李雷比班里其他任何学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the rest of the students in his class.李雷比他班里其余的学生都高。 一．根据汉语提示完成句子 ①There is nothing 　important　 in today’s newspaper.  今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。 ②His idea sounds 　great　.他的主意听起来很棒。  ③He is as 　tall　 as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。  ④The film is too 　boring　.这部电影太无聊了。  ⑤It is even 　colder　 today.今天甚至更冷了。  ⑥Suzhou is becoming 　more　 　and　 　more　 　beautiful　.苏州变得越来越美丽。 ⑦This picture is the 　best　 of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 ⑧She is the second 　tallest　 girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。 二．选择填空 1.Huawei Mate 40 is 　　　of the three mobile phones.  A.expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive 答案　C　本题考查形容词的比较等级。三者或三者以上的比较,使用最高级。故选C。 2.—Chinese mountain climbers got to the top of Qomolangma again in 2020! —How exciting! Qomolangma is one of 　　　places for serious mountain climbers.  A.popular　　　 B.more popular C.most popular　　　 D.the most popular 答案　D　本题考查形容词的比较等级。此处是“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”。故答案为D。 3.My People,My Country is 　　　movie I've ever seen.  A.more educational B.the most educational C.educational　　　 D.less educational 答案　B　本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据比较范围I've ever seen可知,应该用最高级。故选B。 考点二　形容词词义辨析 -ing形容词和-ed形容词 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 This is a surprising story. I am surprised at the news. interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 I have an interesting book. He is interested in science. exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about the traveling. pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快/满意的 This is a pleasing trip. The teacher is pleased with our performance. frightening 令人恐惧的 frightened 感到恐惧的 This is a frightening story. We are frightened of the ghost. moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply. tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 It’s a long tiring day. I’m too tired. fascinating 迷人的 fascinated 着迷的 What a fascinating voice! Many boys are fascinated by computer games. 特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物 特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,一般修饰人,常用于“sb.+be+-ed形容词+介词”结构 We are all interested in the interesting story. 考点三　其他用法 一、常见名词变形容词的方法 名词 构成方法 意义 举例 表示天气 的名词 -y 充满……的 多……的 cloud—cloudy wind—windy 表示方位 的名词 -ern ……方位的 朝……方的 west—western east—eastern 表示称谓 的名词 -ly ……般的 friend—friendly mother—motherly 表示时间 的名词 -ly 每……的 week—weekly month—monthly 表示物质 的名词 -en ……制成的 wood—wooden gold—golden 表抽象意义 的名词 -ful -y -less ……的 ……的 无……的 care—careful use—useful luck—lucky hope—hopeless care—careless 表示大洲与 国家的名词 -n ……的 ……人的 Asia—Asian America—American 二、形容词的排列顺序 当名词由两个或两个以上的形容词(包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词)修饰时,这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则,一般不得随意调换,也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列: 1.限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。 2.表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:beautiful, fine, interesting等。 3.表示大小、长短、高低等形状的形容词,如:tall, high, small, little, round等。 4.表示年龄、新旧的形容词,如:young, old, new等。 5.表示颜色的形容词,如:black, white, blue等。 6.表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词,如:Japanese, American, English, rural(乡村的)等。 7.形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:plastic, silky, wooden等。如: two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘 two big round new Chinese wooden tables两张新的中式的木制大圆桌 三、易混形容语辨析 1.good,well,fine和nice (1)good是形容词,用作表语和定语,它表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好;表示人品好、善良等。如: This is a good book.这是一本好书。 (2)well兼作形容词和副词,作形容词时,只作表语,指身体健康。如: —How are you?——你(身体)好吗?—I’m very well. ——我(身体)很好。 (3)fine通常指天气好、气质好等。如:It’s a fine day today.今天天气晴朗。 (4)nice往往指“令人喜悦的,讨人喜爱的”人、味道、言语、天气等。如:You look very nice.你很好看。 2.ill和sick 两个词都是“病的,生病的”之意,都可以作表语,但作定语时只能用sick 而不能用ill(ill作定语时表示“坏的”)。如: The sick man is his uncle.那位病人是他叔叔。 He has been ill for two days.他已经病了两天了。 3.black和dark 都可作形容词,也可作名词,区别为:black的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其反义词是white;dark的意思“暗、天黑、黑暗”,指无光。如:The doors are painted black.这些门被漆成黑色。 It is a dark house.这是间黑屋子。 1.—China has made a complete victory in its fight against poverty (贫困). —As Chinese, we 　　　our country.  A.are proud of B.are friendly to C.are interested in 答案　A　本题考查形容词短语。根据语境“我国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利”所以我们应该感到自豪。be proud of 感到自豪。故选A。 2.—I think it is a good way to study English by watching English movies. —I agree. I find it 　　　in improving my listening.  A.harmful　　　 B.thankful C.careful　　　 D.helpful 答案　D　本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据答语“I agree.”可知,说话人赞同对方的观点,也认为通过看英语电影是学习英语的好方法,也就是对提高英语听力有帮助,故选D。 3.Peter has a 　　　memory and often forgets the names of people around him.  A.long　　　 B.good C.rich　　　 D.poor 答案　D　句意:Peter的记性很差,经常忘记他周围人的名字。本题考查形容词。根据下文often forgets the names of people around him可知,Peter记性差,故选D。 4.There is more space in the high-speed train and the journey becomes more 　　　.  A.serious　　　 B.boring C.dangerous　　　 D.comfortable 答案　D　本题考查形容词。serious严肃的;boring枯燥的;dangerous危险的;comfortable舒服的。因为高铁上空间更大,所以乘坐更舒适,故选D。 5.Jim shows interest in　　　Chinese festivals and he hopes to come to China one day.  A.weekly　　　 B.traditional C.physical　　　 D.possible 答案　B　本题考查形容词。本题中需要修饰的名词是Chinese festivals,只有traditional符合语境。故选B。 6.—Would you like to play King of Glory with me? —Oh, no. That's the 　　　thing in the world I want to do.  A.loud　　　 B.large C.last　　　 D.lost 答案　C　本题考查形容词。根据答语中的no可知,对方不想玩《王者荣耀》;the last thing I want to do意思是“我最不想做的事”。故选C。 一、语法选择 What are some of 　1　 scientific discoveries (发现) in the history of mankind? How have they changed our lives? Read the following story and you are 　2　 to find your answers.  There was once a(n) 　3　 scientist who made several important discoveries. Once he was asked how he was able to be so 　4　. He replied that it all came from an experience he had with his mother when he was 2 years old. He was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the refrigerator. But the bottle was too slippery(滑的) and he dropped it. The kitchen floor was covered with milk.  When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, “Robert, 　5　 you have made!I have never seen 　6　 puddle of milk. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”  So he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up together. Then his mother said, “This was a failed experiment in how to carry a 　7　 bottle of milk with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it.”  The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 　8　 the lesson is!  The scientist then added that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 　9　 to make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just opportunities to learn 　10　—which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't “work”, we can still learn something valuable from it.  1.A.big　　　 B.bigger C.biggest　　　 D.the biggest 2.A.sure　　　 B.interesting C.happy　　　 D.easy 3.A.powerful　 B.important C.famous　　　 D.common 4.A.creative　 B.friendly C.popular　　　 D.humorous 5.A.what wonderful mess B.how a wonderful mess C.how wonderful mess D.what a wonderful mess 6.A.so huge　 B.so a huge C.such huge　　 D.such a huge 7.A.big　　　 B.small　　　 C.good　　　 D.full 8.A.How great　 B.How a great C.What great　　 D.What a great 9.A.angry　　　 B.afraid C.sorry　　　 D.careful 10.A.new something　　　 B.something new C.new anything　　　 D.anything new 语篇解读　 文章介绍了一位著名而且很有创造力的科学家的故事。 1.D　本题考查形容词的最高级。由本句话中表示范围的in the history of mankind可知,此处应用最高级。 2.A　本题考查形容词短语。be sure to 一定会。 3.C　本题考查形容词词义辨析。powerful有影响力的;important重要的;famous著名的;common普遍的。根据语境可知选C。 4.A　本句考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识,科学家应该是“很有创造力的”。 5.D　根据感叹句的基本结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”可知选D。mess表示“脏乱”的时候是可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a。 6.D　本题考查such的用法。根据“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”结构可知选D。 7.A　考查形容词词义辨析。由后面的two tiny hands及他失手摔了牛奶瓶可知,牛奶瓶很大。 8.A　根据感叹句的基本结构“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”可知答案为A。 9.B　本题考查形容词短语。be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事。 10.B　本题考查形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。形容词修饰复合不定代词时要放在复合不定代词的后面,且本句是肯定句,故选B。 副词 一．常用易混副词和副词词组 1.how long,how soon,how often和how far 意义及用法说明 例句 how long 多久,多长时间,对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答 —How long have you been in China? —For three months. ——你来中国有多久了? ——有三个月了。 how soon 多快,多久以后,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答 —How soon will he come back? —In five minutes. ——他多久以后才能回来? ——5分钟后。 how often 多长时间一次,对频率提问,常用once/twice/three times a week等回答 —How often do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. ——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次? ——一周一次。 how far 多远,对距离提问 —How far is it from your home to your school? —About two kilometers. ——你家离学校有多远? ——大概两千米。 2.hard和hardly 意义及用法说明 例句 hard 努力地,大量地,猛烈地 It’s raining hard.雨下得很大。 hardly 几乎不,是否定副词 I can hardly understand his words.我几乎听不懂他说的话。 3.much too和too much 意义及用法说明 例句 much too 非常,极其,太,中心词是too,much修饰too,以加强语气,much too修饰形容词或副词原级 The car is much too expensive. 这辆小轿车实在太贵了。 too much 太多,中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气,too much 修饰不可数名词,与too many 相对应,too many修饰可数名词复数 There’s too much rain in summer.夏天雨水太多了。 4.too,as well,also和either 意义及用法说明 例句 too 也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末 He likes English,too.他也喜欢英语。 as well 也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末 I like you as well.我也喜欢你。 also 也,常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前 I can also swim.我也会游泳。 either 也,用于否定句,常放在句末 I don’t know French,either.我也不懂法语。 5.too,enough和so 意义及用法说明 例句 too 太,很,用于too...to...结构,表示否定意义“太……而不能……” He’s too young to go there by himself.他太小了,不能独自去那里。 enough 足够,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to...”结构,表示“足够……能……” The coach is big enough to hold fifty people.这辆长途汽车足够大,能容纳50人。 so 如此,用于“so...that...”结构,表示“如此……以至于……” The park is so beautiful that we can‘t stop taking photos.这个公园如此美丽以至于我们不停地拍照。 6.already,yet和still 意义及用法说明 例句 already 常用于肯定句 I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的作业了。 yet 常用于否定句或疑问句句末 Have you heard from him yet?你收到他的信了吗? still 常用于肯定句或疑问句,表示某事还在进行 He still works until late every night.每天晚上他仍然工作到很晚。 7.ago和before 意义及用法说明 例句 ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”,和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用,常用于一般过去时的句子中 The meeting began five minutes ago.会议5分钟前就开始了。 before 是指以过去或现在的某一时刻为基准的“以前”,也可泛指以前,常用于现在完成时和过去完成时的句子里 I have never been to Suzhou before.我以前从未去过苏州。 二．兼有两种形式的副词 1.close和closely 意义及用法说明 例句 close 接近,靠近 He lives very close to me.他住得离我很近。 closely 仔细地 Watch me closely.仔细地观察我。 2.late和lately 意义及用法说明 例句 late 晚,迟 You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 lately 最近 What have you been doing lately?你最近一直在做什么? 3.deep和deeply 意义及用法说明 例句 deep 深,表示空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把木棍深深地插入泥里。 deeply 深深地,表示情感上的深度 I was deeply moved by his story. 我被他的故事深深感动了。 4.high和highly 意义及用法说明 例句 high 表示空间高度 The kite is flying high.风筝飞得很高。 highly 表示程度 He thought highly of my advice. 他对我的建议评价很高。 5.wide和widely 意义及用法说明 例句 wide 表示空间宽度 He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 widely 广泛地 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛地使用。 6.free和freely 意义及用法说明 例句 free 免费 Children under five travel free. 五岁以下的儿童乘客免费。 freely 无限制地 You can speak freely at the meeting. 你在会上可以自由发言。 一．选择填空 1.Susan went into her bedroom and ate chocolate 　　　, not letting her parents know that.  A.slowly　　　 B.calmly C.secretly　　　 D.properly 答案　C　本题考查副词。slowly慢地;calmly平静地;secretly秘密地;properly适当地。根据空后not letting her parents know that可知,她偷偷地吃,故选C。 2.Many of the older buildings in our city now look beautiful because workers have　　　 made them look as good as new.   A.carelessly　　　 B.hardly C.nervously　　　 D.carefully 答案　D　本题考查副词辨析。carelessly粗心地;hardly几乎不;nervously紧张不安地;carefully仔细地,小心地。根据语境可知,工人们仔细、小心地工作,使得这些老旧建筑“旧貌换新颜”。故选D。 3.The dancing teacher gives us instructions 　　　until we are perfect in every move.  A.patiently　　　 B.quickly C.bravely　　　 D.suddenly 答案　A　本题考查副词词义辨析。patiently耐心地;quickly快速地;bravely勇敢地;suddenly突然地。根据perfect in every move和常识可知,要做到完美是有一个过程的,所以老师是耐心地指导。故选A。 4.—I can't sleep well these days. —Doing sports can help you sleep 　　　.  A.simply　　　 B.deeply　　　 C.weekly 答案　B　本题考查副词。根据语境可知,做运动可以帮助你沉睡。sleep deeply沉睡。故选B。 5.Please be polite and 　　　offer your seat to people who need it.  A.never　　　 B.seldom C.sometimes　　　 D.always 答案　D　本题考查频度副词词义辨析。never从不;seldom很少;sometimes有时;always总是。呼应Please be polite应该是“总是”给有需要的人让座。故答案为D。 6.A small town in Norway doesn't get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　　　 six months out of the year.  A.only　　　 B.hardly C.clearly　　　 D.nearly 答案　D　本题考查副词词义辨析。only仅仅;hardly几乎不;clearly清楚地;nearly 将近。九月底到三月中旬为将近六个月的时间。故答案为D。 7.—Why did you 　　　change your design?  —I realized it wasn't perfect after a long discussion. A.finally　　　 B.successfully C.especially　　　 D.curiously 答案　A　本题考查副词。根据答语I realized it wasn't perfect after a long discussion.可知,最后还是改变了自己的设计。故选A。 二、语法选择 There was a businessman who was deep in debt (债务) and could see no way out. He 　1　 sat on a park bench, head in his hands.  　2　, an old man appeared before him. “I can see that something is troubling you,” he said. After listening to the businessman's story, the old man wrote out a check (支票), and put it in his hand, saying, “Take it and pay me 　3　 here exactly one year from today.” Then he turned and disappeared as 　4　 as he had come.  The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, one of the 　5　 men in the world!  “I can pay off my debts in a second!” he realized. But 　6　, the businessman decided to put the check in his safe (保险箱). Just knowing it was there might give him the power to save his business, he thought.  He went back and worked 　7　 to make his business successful. Within several months, he was out of debt and making money 　8　.  　9　 one year later, he returned to the park with the check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. Behind the old man was a nurse. The nurse spoke to the businessman and said that the old man was mentally(精神上) ill and was 　10　 telling people he was John D. Rockefeller.  The businessman was shocked to hear this. All year long he'd been buying and selling, believing that he had half a million dollars behind him. Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money, real or imagined, that had turned his life around. It was his new-found self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after. 1.A.angrily　　　 B.hopelessly C.happily　　　 D.luckily 2.A.Finally　　　 B.Actually C.Suddenly　　　 D.Recently 3.A.back　　　 B.on C.for　　　 D.down 4.A.slowly　　　 B.quickly C.more quickly　　　 D.most quickly 5.A.rich　　　 B.richer C.richest　　　 D.most rich 6.A.however　　　 B.so C.therefore　　　 D.instead 7.A.hard　　　 B.hardly C.harder　　　 D.more hardly 8.A.once again　　　 B.at all C.after all　　　 D.any more 9.A.Finally　　　 B.Exactly C.Soon　　　 D.Actually 10.A.never　　　 B.hardly C.always　　　 D.seldom 语篇解读　 文章讲述了一位债务缠身的商人正绝望时遇到一位老人的故事。 1.B　本题考查副词词义辨析。根据第一句There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out.可知,商人应该是感到很绝望,故选B。 2.C　本题考查副词词义辨析。根据后文可知,一位老人突然出现在他的面前。故选C。 3.A　本题考查固定搭配。pay back偿还。故选A。 4.B　本题考查副词。在“as...as”结构中,形容词/副词用原级。故选B。 5.C　本题考查形容词的最高级。此处为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,rich的最高级是richest,故选C。 6.D　本题考查副词。根据设空处后面的the businessman decided to put the check in his safe可知,商人并未拿支票去偿还他的债务,而是把它放到保险箱里。故选D。 7.A　本题考查副词词义辨析。hard努力地,hardly几乎不,两个词都是副词,但意义相差很远。work hard努力工作。本句没有比较,所以用hard,故选A。 8.A　本题考查副词短语。根据上下文可知,商人的情况有了转机,又一次挣钱了,故选A。 9.B　本题考查副词。finally最后,终于;exactly确切地;soon不久;actually事实上。根据上文“Take it and pay me back here exactly one year from today.”可知选B。原词复现。 10.C　本题考查频度副词。根据语境可知,老人的精神有点失常,所以总是告诉别人自己是John D. Rockefeller。 三、短文填空 Santa Claus was not always a happy old man. He did not always have long white whiskers(胡子), and he did not 　1　 wear a big red suit.  Long 　2　, he lived in the North Pole, and his yearly Christmas visits brought joy to all the children around the world. Santa Claus was a child himself. He was once 　3　 an ordinary boy named Nicholas. His parents named him Nicholas, which means “hero of the people”.  Even at a young age, Nicholas often helped the people in his village. He shared his meals with those who had nothing to eat. At a very young age, Nicholas joined the church. It was his duty to help people. He gave special attention to the children of his village, and they loved Nicholas 　4　 than anyone else in the village.   　5　 Nicholas became well-known for his good deeds(善事). He often wore a long red robe with a red hat, and he traveled on horseback. At every village, children would see his bright robe from a long distance and gather on the road to greet him happily.  For all of his good deeds, Nicholas was named a saint(圣人). Later, people began to celebrate St. Nicholas' good deeds on Christmas Day. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  语篇解读　 文章讲述了圣诞老人的故事。 1.always　本题考查副词。根据前文He did not always have...可知,此处应填always。 2.before　本题考查副词。long before很久以前,故此处填before。 3.just　本题考查副词。根据语境可知填just表示“他曾经只是一个普通的男孩”。 4.more　本题考查副词。根据空后的比较级标志词than可知,此处应用比较级。more than 超过,多于,故填more。 5.Soon　本题考查副词。根据上下文可知,因为经常做善事,尼古拉斯很快就出名了,故填Soon。 Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse - a dystopian future where life as we know it is over and people are only focused on survival? If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a quintessential part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. According to psychologist Judy Rosenberg, stockpiling perishable goods like eggs and milk is a positive sign that people believe a crisis will be over soon. When people stockpile tinned goods, it can be a sign that people fear that the crisis will endure. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ – the idea the people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ – panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion’ can take hold. People’s decision making is hampered when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. 1. What sort of goods do consumers tend to stockpile when they think the crisis will be over quickly? 2. What can cause people’s decision making to be restricted? 3. What is a typical element of TV series set during the apocalypse? 4. What does retail therapy help to control? 5. Why is relatedness mentioned? 词汇表 1. apocalypse 大灾难 2. dystopian 反乌托邦的 3. survival 生存，存活 4. quintessential 最典型的 5. survivor 能在困境中生存的人 6. accumulate 积攒 7. substantial 大量的 8. perishable 易变质的，易腐坏的 9. crisis 危机 10. tinned goods 罐头食品 11. endure 持续 12. retail therapy 购物疗法 13. autonomy 自主 14. relatedness 关联性 15. competence 能力 16. phenomenon 现象 17. fear contagion 恐惧蔓延 18. hampered 受阻碍的，受限制的 19. ration 定量，配给量 20. a given (定将发生的)假定事实 译文： 你有没有看过许多以世界末日为背景的电视节目之一——一个反乌托邦的未来，我们所知道的生活已经结束，人们只专注于生存？如果不是僵尸，那就是病毒或自然灾害。有一件事似乎是这些系列的典型部 分，那就是幸存者寻找食物和资源。这就是人们在事情变坏时囤积食物的原因吗？ 什么是囤货？很简单，就是人们积累了大量的商品，例如食物或水。根据心理学家朱迪·罗森伯格（Judy Rosenberg）的说法，囤积鸡蛋和牛奶等易腐烂的商品是一个积极的迹象，表明人们相信危机很快就会结束。当人们囤积罐头食品时，这可能是人们担心危机会持续下去的迹象。 但我们为什么要这样做呢？消费者心理学家保罗·马斯登（Paul Marsden）将其归结为与零售疗法有关的三个因素。首先，“自治”——人们觉得需要控制的想法。其次，“相关性”——恐慌性购物可以帮助人们感受到与社区或其他正在做同样事情的购物者的联系。 最后是“能力”——人们希望感觉自己是“聪明的购物者”，做正确的事。剑桥大学社会心理学助理教授桑德·范德林登（Sander Van der Lindon）表示，一种被称为“恐惧传染”的现象可能会持续下去。人们的决策在受到压力时会受到阻碍，因此他们会跟随其他人的行动。如果他们是恐慌性购买，你也会。 那么，你能阻止人们囤货吗？好吧，超市可以配给消费者购买的产品数量，政府可以尝试向人们保证没有必要恐慌。然而，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买似乎违背了我们的基本心理。 因此，下次病毒、自然灾害或僵尸启示录开始时，请记住，恐慌性购买可能是给定的，这要归功于我们需要零售疗法来管理我们的情绪状态。 答案解析： 1. Perishable goods like eggs and milk.根据第二段According to psychologist Judy Rosenberg, stockpiling perishable goods like eggs and milk is a positive sign that people believe a crisis will be over soon.（根据心理学家朱迪·罗森伯格（Judy Rosenberg）的说法，囤积鸡蛋和牛奶等易腐烂的商品是一个积极的迹象，表明人们相信危机很快就会结束。）可知人们喜欢囤积易腐烂的商品。 2. Stress. 根据第四段后半部分People’s decision making is hampered when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. 人们的决策在受到压力时会受到阻碍，因此他们会跟随其他人的行动。可知（stress）压力会影响人们的决定。 3. Survivors searching for food and resources. 根据第一段后半部分One thing that seems to be a quintessential part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources.（有一件事似乎是这些系列的典型部分，那就是幸存者寻找食物和资源。）可知答案 4. It helps to manage your emotional state.全文最后一句thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.（这要归功于我们需要零售疗法来管理我们的情绪状态。） 5. Because people want to feel like part of the community, doing the same things as other people.根据第三段最后一句Secondly, ‘relatedness’ – panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same.（其次，“相关性”——恐慌性购物可以帮助人们感受到与社区或其他正在做同样事情的购物者的联系。）可知答案。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$