专题02：句子类型（初高考点差异及衔接） -2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用））

专题02：句子类型（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段，学生主要学习简单句，即只包含一个主语和谓语的句子。学生学习基本的句型结构，如主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）。此外，学生也会开始接触复合句，即包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。 高中要求 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解和使用复合句，包括各种类型的从句（如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等）。此外，学生需要掌握更复杂的句型结构，如倒装句、强调句、省略句等。 【初中考点聚焦】 英语句子按照其用途可分四种 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 句子结构基本种类 1、简单句 结构 例句 主语+谓语（不及物动词） Money talks.有钱能使鬼推磨。 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 Every cloud has a silver lining. 乌云之后总有阳光。 主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 You tell me the truth.跟我说实话。 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 Adversity makes a man wise. 逆境使人聪明。 主语+谓语（系动词）+表语 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 There +系动词+主语 There is no royal road to learning. 学问之道无捷径。 2、并列句 结构 例句 简单句+并列连词+简单句 A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as bad. 知识浅薄是危险的，无知同样糟糕。 简单句+并列连词+副词+简单句 He lied to the company and therefore he was dismissed. 他向公司撒了谎，因此他被解雇了。 3、复合句 定语从句、名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、状语从句（时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句） 考点清单 英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1）主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有 ①be；②keep, remain, stay；③feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④seem, appear；⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 练习：划分句子成分 a. He looked unhappy at that time. b. It seemed like a good idea at the time. c. She turned 21 in June. d. I was so pleased to hear from you. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. The sun was shining. 练习：划分句子成分 a. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years. b. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. c. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. They ate what was left over. 练习：划分句子成分 a. In the afternoon, I’ll show you around and take you to some places of interest. b. I’m looking forward to meeting you soon. c. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. d. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. I told him that the bus was late. 练习：划分句子成分 a. Mr Wang taught us English last year. b. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. c. They offered him a job, but he turned it down. d. Tomorrow I’ll write him a letter and tell him the good news. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    4) I had the bike repaired.  5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.    注意： （1）后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint, think, consider, find等。（call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时，职位名词前不要冠词）例： We call him Tom for short． I made painting the house the project for the summer. （2）后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think, believe, feel, leave等。例如： She thought him kind and generous. We’d better keep the windows open． （3）动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况： 1. 后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, warn, encourage, allow, advise, 等。例： He told us to keep quiet in the hospital． David taught his brother to use the computer. 2. 后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为：“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 感官动词：五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)、 三个使役动词（make, let, have）、 两听(hear, listen to)、 一感觉（feel），变被动，to还原。例： Let me try again． I often hear her sing in the next room． She is often heard to sing in the next room. 感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较：     a. He saw a girl get on the bus.          b. He saw a girl getting on the bus.      3. help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如： My father often helps me(to) study English． （4）后跟分词形式作宾语补足语的动词有find, feel, get, make, leave, keep, have, hear, notice, see, watch等。 We found a man lying on the ground． He saw a woman’s wallet stolen yesterday. She couldn’t make herself heard above the noise of the traffic. （5）后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例： I’ll keep the words in my mind． I often find him at work. （6）由 as 构成的短语作宾补:常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…as, think of…as等。例： They treat me as their daughter. 练习：划分句子成分 a. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. b. We are making our country more and more beautiful. c. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. d. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning. e. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers. f. She made it her business to find out who was responsible. 6) there be 句型表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。句子的主语是处于动词  be 后的那个名词。动词 be 的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而变化。如果是单个的主语,动词 be则随这个主语的数和人称而变化。如果是并列的主语,动词be一般随最靠近be的那个主语的人称和数而变化。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’t there?或aren’t there?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。 a. There is a dictionary lying on the desk.  b. There will be a sports meet next week.  c. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom.  e. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street.  注意： 1) 其他各种句子都可由以上基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2) 以上各种句型中都可以加上相应的状语。 综合练习：指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。 ①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. ②In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. ③In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. ④There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. ⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees. ⑥I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. ⑦He wished me good luck. ⑧So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _______________ 2. ( S + V +O ) _________________ 3. ( S + V + P ) ____________________ 4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _______________ 5. ( S + V + O + C ) __________________ 6. There be 句型 ______________ 2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例： These flowers are white and those flowers are red. We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing. We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. Hurry up; it's getting late. I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on. I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key. 2）并列句的分类： （1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. （2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. （3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. （4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 注意：当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。例： The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it. 练习:指出下列划线词属于哪一类并列关系 a. Neither is he mistaken, nor am I. b. Not only did the students dance, but (also) their teacher sang. c. We love peace but we are not afraid of war. d. He worked hard, yet he failed. e. The news may be unexpected; nevertheless it is true. f. Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold. g. Start out right away, or/ otherwise you'll miss the first train. h. It was late, so we went home. i. We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 3. 复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。 定语从句——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。 名词性从句 主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句 宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。 同位语从句: 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 例：1）How the book sells depends on its author. （主语从句） 2）I want to know whether/if he can arrive on time. （宾语从句） 3）That's because he didn't understand me. （表语从句） 4）The question who should come with me has not been settled. （同位语从句） 5）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定语从句） 6）By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years. （状语从句） 一、指出下列句子是什么基本句型 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7. ---I love you more than her, child. 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't get nervous, help yourself to what you like. 16. We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didn't come. That is why he didn't know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. 22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him. 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow. 二、补全或完成句子 1．听从他的建议，你就会找到一种解决这一难题的方法。 a way to settle the tough problem. 2．安全起见，离开家前要确保关闭所有电器。 all electrical appliances before leaving home for the sake of safety. 3．汤姆，你能帮我照看一下手提箱吗? Tom, watch my suitcase for a minute? 4．你认为我们不会说英语，对吗? You don’t think we can speak English, ? 5．如家里电线损坏，请关掉电源。 electrical power if there is damage to your house electrical wiring. 6．当你陷入困境时，立即向我求助。 When you get into trouble, don’t ___________________ . 7． ___________ , and I will tell you what you are. 告诉我你吃什么，我就能说出你是个什么样的人。 8．你不知道我们那段时间有多忙。 You have no idea those days. 9．你看的照片多么美啊! beautiful picture you are looking at! 10．你今天早上在哪里看见了李平？ that you saw Li Ping this morning? 一、句子结构分析 1. It does not matter. 2. His face turned red. 3. He bought you a dictionary. 4. He enjoys reading. 5. I told him that the bus was late. 6. What makes him think so？7. Everything looks different. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 9. They talked for half an hour. 10. We saw him out. 11. He is growing tall and strong. 12. He asked me to come back soon. 13. The pen writes smoothly. 14. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 15. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years. 16. He looked unhappy at that time. 17. It is getting darker and darker. 18. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 19. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 20. He used to get up early in the morning. 21. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 22. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. 23. Mr. Wang taught us English last year. 24. It will take three hours to go there by bus. 25. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. 二、完成句子 1．我等不及要去告诉我的朋友们。 I all my friends. 2．众所周知，这里的人也很热情友好。 As is known to us, . 3．这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。 This medicine . 4．我们应当在11点以前结账离开旅馆。让我们收拾行李吧。 . Let's pack our luggage. 5．他们很少晚来，是吗? They seldom come late, ? 6．你觉得北京大学和清华大学哪个更好? , Peking University or Tsinghua University? 7．积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补） A positive attitude . 8．校长做的讲座多么精彩啊! the head teacher’s talk was! 9．坚持下去，最终你会看到这些话“我们很高兴地通知您……”（祈使句＋and＋陈述句） the words “We are delighted to inform you...” 10．尽管我们的爱好各不相同，但我们还是好朋友。(even if/even though引导的让步状语从句) , we’re still great friends. 三、阅读理解 Shanghai has the reputation of having most coffee stores in the world. Various coffee stores can be accessed in Shanghai. Recommendations are offered: 4.6   ¥26/per person Taste: 4.6 Environment: 4.7 Service: 4.5 Mon ~ Thu 08:00 — 20.30 Fri-Sun   08:00 — 21:30 4.4   ¥44/per person Taste: 4.3 Environment: 4.3 Service: 4.3 Mon ~ Thu  09:00 — 18:00 Fri ~ Sun    09:00 — 19:00 Situated alongside Huangpu River with a giant Panda doll sitting on its rooftop, the Xuhui branch store of Manner Coffee has become a WeChat moments-worthy location. Although people will wait a long time before tasting the coffee, the tents on the rooftop and the landscape are worth the effort. Flat white and Panda latte are the most sought-after coffee products. Take a walk with your eyes open, and you will find a sun porch at the end of a lane off Wukang Road. Bright sunlight is Arabica’s most powerful marketing tool. Visitors keep popping into the coffee shop for its minimalist interior and Spanish latte. Whoever visits this place will be reminded of the saying that good wine needs no bush. “Coffee” is a better substitute here, though. 4.5   ¥57/per person Taste: 4.5 Environment: 4.2 Service: 4.6 Mon ~ Sun 10:00 — 18:00 4.4   ¥57/per person Taste: 4.3 Environment: 4.3 Service: 4.4 Mon ~ Fri   09:00 — 21:00 Sat ~ Sun   10:00 — 22:00 The O.P.S. Cafe is an open window on Taiyuan Road, offering only takeaway coffee for customers. The menu, though updated seasonally, displays only five products. When customers get their coffee, they also receive a card bearing its brewing process. Verbal introductions can also be expected from coffeemakers, stirring a warmer feeling in customers’ heart. The winter specials of O.P.S. include Into the Wild and Fantasy of the Deep Forest. Ralph’s coffee, an expanded business sector of Ralph Lauren, America’s famous clothing brand, is a popular place at Jing’an Kerry Center. It’s the third branch store opened following Hong Kong and Beijing. The coffee shop sports its Himalayan salt caramel latte. Apart from its coffee and cake, the brand’s associated products such as fluffy bear dolls, plates, hats are on sale as well. Many people are deeply attracted by its unique interior. 1．In which section of the newspaper will you probably find the above article? A．Critic’s Corner. B．The Debate. C．Urban Life. D．Home News. 2．On Friday Jenny’s night shift ends at 9:15 p.m. If she wants to have a cup of coffee, she should go to . A． B． C．     3．In which coffee shop can customers taste the good coffee while enjoying the superior interior? A． B． C．     原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02：句子类型（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段，学生主要学习简单句，即只包含一个主语和谓语的句子。学生学习基本的句型结构，如主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）。此外，学生也会开始接触复合句，即包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。 高中要求 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解和使用复合句，包括各种类型的从句（如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等）。此外，学生需要掌握更复杂的句型结构，如倒装句、强调句、省略句等。 【初中考点聚焦】 英语句子按照其用途可分四种 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 句子结构基本种类 1、简单句 结构 例句 主语+谓语（不及物动词） Money talks.有钱能使鬼推磨。 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 Every cloud has a silver lining. 乌云之后总有阳光。 主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 You tell me the truth.跟我说实话。 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 Adversity makes a man wise. 逆境使人聪明。 主语+谓语（系动词）+表语 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 There +系动词+主语 There is no royal road to learning. 学问之道无捷径。 2、并列句 结构 例句 简单句+并列连词+简单句 A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as bad. 知识浅薄是危险的，无知同样糟糕。 简单句+并列连词+副词+简单句 He lied to the company and therefore he was dismissed. 他向公司撒了谎，因此他被解雇了。 3、复合句 定语从句、名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、状语从句（时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句） 考点清单 英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下： 1） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 2） Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 3） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 4） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1）主语 + 系动词 + 表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有 ①be；②keep, remain, stay；③feel, taste, smell, sound, look；④seem, appear；⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go；⑥prove, turn out等。 This is my English book. The weather is getting windy and rainy. The trouble is that they are short of money. 练习：划分句子成分 a. He looked unhappy at that time. b. It seemed like a good idea at the time. c. She turned 21 in June. d. I was so pleased to hear from you. 2) 主语 + 谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）, 如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, get up，take place, 等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。 Poems don't translate easily. My recent book sells very well. The sun was shining. 练习：划分句子成分 a. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years. b. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. c. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 3) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）, 如spend, visit, reach, forget, explain, take, discover, waste, trust, do with, look forward to, look after等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. You can put the dishes in the kitchen. They ate what was left over. 练习：划分句子成分 a. In the afternoon, I’ll show you around and take you to some places of interest. b. I’m looking forward to meeting you soon. c. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. d. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. 4) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。 The driver saved us a lot of trouble. They have offered us ＄60,000 for the house. I told him that the bus was late. 练习：划分句子成分 a. Mr Wang taught us English last year. b. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. c. They offered him a job, but he turned it down. d. Tomorrow I’ll write him a letter and tell him the good news. 5) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 例： 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor.  2) The news made him unhappy.  3) You shouldn't let him go there alone.    4) I had the bike repaired.  5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.    注意： （1）后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint, think, consider, find等。（call, name, make, choose, elect, appoint后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时，职位名词前不要冠词）例： We call him Tom for short． I made painting the house the project for the summer. （2）后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think, believe, feel, leave等。例如： She thought him kind and generous. We’d better keep the windows open． （3）动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况： 1. 后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, warn, encourage, allow, advise, 等。例： He told us to keep quiet in the hospital． David taught his brother to use the computer. 2. 后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为：“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 感官动词：五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)、 三个使役动词（make, let, have）、 两听(hear, listen to)、 一感觉（feel），变被动，to还原。例： Let me try again． I often hear her sing in the next room． She is often heard to sing in the next room. 感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较：     a. He saw a girl get on the bus.          b. He saw a girl getting on the bus.      3. help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如： My father often helps me(to) study English． （4）后跟分词形式作宾语补足语的动词有find, feel, get, make, leave, keep, have, hear, notice, see, watch等。 We found a man lying on the ground． He saw a woman’s wallet stolen yesterday. She couldn’t make herself heard above the noise of the traffic. （5）后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例： I’ll keep the words in my mind． I often find him at work. （6）由 as 构成的短语作宾补:常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…as, think of…as等。例： They treat me as their daughter. 练习：划分句子成分 a. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. b. We are making our country more and more beautiful. c. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. d. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning. e. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers. f. She made it her business to find out who was responsible. 6) there be 句型表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。句子的主语是处于动词  be 后的那个名词。动词 be 的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而变化。如果是单个的主语,动词 be则随这个主语的数和人称而变化。如果是并列的主语,动词be一般随最靠近be的那个主语的人称和数而变化。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’t there?或aren’t there?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。 a. There is a dictionary lying on the desk.  b. There will be a sports meet next week.  c. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom.  e. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street.  注意： 1) 其他各种句子都可由以上基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2) 以上各种句型中都可以加上相应的状语。 综合练习：指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。 ①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. ②In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. ③In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. ④There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. ⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees. ⑥I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. ⑦He wished me good luck. ⑧So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _______________ 2. ( S + V +O ) _________________ 3. ( S + V + P ) ____________________ 4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _______________ 5. ( S + V + O + C ) __________________ 6. There be 句型 ______________ 2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例： These flowers are white and those flowers are red. We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing. We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. Hurry up; it's getting late. I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on. I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key. 2）并列句的分类： （1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. （2）表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. （3）表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. （4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 注意：当几个分句并列时，如果它们之间都是并列关系，只在最后两个分句之间加并列连词and，其余分句用逗号隔开，即：“A, B, C and D”结构；如果分句之间关系各异，则需要分别加并列连词。例： The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it. 练习:指出下列划线词属于哪一类并列关系 a. Neither is he mistaken, nor am I. b. Not only did the students dance, but (also) their teacher sang. c. We love peace but we are not afraid of war. d. He worked hard, yet he failed. e. The news may be unexpected; nevertheless it is true. f. Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold. g. Start out right away, or/ otherwise you'll miss the first train. h. It was late, so we went home. i. We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 3. 复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句（高一学）——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。 定语从句（高一学）——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。 名词性从句（高二学） 主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句 宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。 同位语从句: 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 例：1）How the book sells depends on its author. （主语从句） 2）I want to know whether/if he can arrive on time. （宾语从句） 3）That's because he didn't understand me. （表语从句） 4）The question who should come with me has not been settled. （同位语从句） 5）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定语从句） 6）By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years. （状语从句） 一、指出下列句子是什么基本句型 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7. ---I love you more than her, child. 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't get nervous, help yourself to what you like. 16. We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didn't come. That is why he didn't know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. 22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him. 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow. 【答案】 1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语 7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. There be句型+结果状语从句 23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 二、补全或完成句子 1．听从他的建议，你就会找到一种解决这一难题的方法。 a way to settle the tough problem. 【答案】Follow his advice, and you will find 【详解】考查短语和祈使句。follow one’s advice听从某人的建议；句中用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，陈述句中的时态用一般将来时。根据句意，故填Follow his advice，and you will find。 2．安全起见，离开家前要确保关闭所有电器。 all electrical appliances before leaving home for the sake of safety. 【答案】 Turn off 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“关闭”，其宾语为all electrical appliances，因此用动词短语turn off，且句子为祈使句，动词turn应用原形，第一空位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①Turn；②off。 3．汤姆，你能帮我照看一下手提箱吗? Tom, watch my suitcase for a minute? 【答案】could you 【详解】考查疑问句和情态动词。根据中英文提示并分析句子可知，句式是一般疑问句，用could表示“能够”，且语气委婉，主语you，情态动词置于主语前构成一般疑问句，故填could you。 4．你认为我们不会说英语，对吗? You don’t think we can speak English, ? 【答案】do you 【详解】考查反义疑问句。分析句子，设空处为反义疑问部分；陈述部分是主从复合句，主句主语是you，谓语动词是don’t think，反义疑部分遵循前否后肯原则，用助动词do，疑问部分的主语和主句主语一致。故填do you。 5．如家里电线损坏，请关掉电源。 electrical power if there is damage to your house electrical wiring. 【答案】 Switch off 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“关掉”可用switch off，为动词短语，在本句中用动词原形，构成祈使句，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Switch off。 6．当你陷入困境时，立即向我求助。 When you get into trouble, don’t ___________________ . 【答案】hesitate to ask me for help 【详解】考查祈使句和不定式。根据中英文提示并分析句子结构可知，空处为祈使句，don't hesitate to do sth.“毫不犹豫做某事”可表达“立即做某事”，ask sb. for help“向某人求助”，故填hesitate to ask me for help。 7． ___________ , and I will tell you what you are. 告诉我你吃什么，我就能说出你是个什么样的人。 【答案】Tell me what you eat 【详解】考查宾语从句、祈使句和时态。分析句子可知使用了“祈使句+and +简单句”句型，告诉我是tell me，后面是宾语从句。根据are可知，空处宾语从句的时态为一般现在时；表示“你吃什么”用宾语从句，即what you eat，what在从句中作宾语。故填Tell me what you eat。 8．你不知道我们那段时间有多忙。 You have no idea those days. 【答案】how busy we were 【详解】考查完成句子。how引导同位语从句，用陈述语序，how是副词作状语，修饰形容词，由those days可推断用一般过去时。故填how busy we were。     9．你看的照片多么美啊! beautiful picture you are looking at! 【答案】What 【详解】考查感叹句。根据句意可知，此处应用感叹句句式。根据名词短语“a beautiful picture”可知，此处应用what引导感叹句。句首首字母应大写。故填What a。 10．你今天早上在哪里看见了李平？ that you saw Li Ping this morning? 【答案】 Where was it 【详解】考查强调句。表示“在哪里”应用where，强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，此处对疑问副词where进行强调，结合时间状语this morning可知，be动词用was，此处为特殊疑问句，was位于it之前。故填①Where；②was；③it。 一、句子结构分析 1. It does not matter. 主谓 2. His face turned red. 主系表 3. He bought you a dictionary. 主谓双宾 4. He enjoys reading. 主谓宾 5. I told him that the bus was late. 主谓双宾 6. What makes him think so？ 主谓宾宾补 7. Everything looks different. 主系表 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 主谓双宾 9. They talked for half an hour. 主谓 10. We saw him out. 主谓宾宾补 11. He is growing tall and strong. 主系表 12. He asked me to come back soon. 主谓宾宾补 13. The pen writes smoothly. 主谓 14. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 主谓宾宾补 15. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years. 主谓 16. He looked unhappy at that time. 主系表 17. It is getting darker and darker. 主系表 18. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 主谓 19. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 主谓 20. He used to get up early in the morning. 主谓 21. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 主谓宾 22. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. 主谓 23. Mr. Wang taught us English last year. 主谓双宾 24. It will take three hours to go there by bus. 主谓宾宾补 25. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. 主谓宾宾补 二、完成句子 1．我等不及要去告诉我的朋友们。 I all my friends. 【答案】can’t wait to tell 【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“等不及做某事”，可知短语为can't wait to do sth.；表示“告诉”应用动词tell。故填can’t wait to tell。 2．众所周知，这里的人也很热情友好。 As is known to us, . 【答案】people here are also warm­hearted and friendly 【详解】考查时态和形容词。“这里的人”为“people here”，“也”为“also”，形容词“热情的”为“warmhearted”，形容词“友好的”为“friendly”，这两个形容词用并列连词and连接，所填入的句子结构为“主系表”，句子描述的为一般事实，使用一般现在时，故填people here are also warmhearted and friendly。 3．这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。 This medicine . 【答案】will ensure you a good night’s sleep 【详解】考查时态。根据汉意，“保证”译为ensure，可接双宾语，且表示某种属性，应为结合情态动词will；“你”译为you，为间接宾语；“睡一夜好觉”译为a good night’s sleep，为直接宾语。故填will ensure you a good night’s sleep。 4．我们应当在11点以前结账离开旅馆。让我们收拾行李吧。 . Let's pack our luggage. 【答案】We should check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock 【详解】考查情态动词和固定短语。句意：我们应当在11点以前结账离开旅馆。让我们收拾行李吧。表示“应该”，用情态动词should，情态动词后，用动词原形，check out of（付账）迁出（旅馆），该短语是固定短语，the hotel作宾语，“11点以前”是by 11 o'clock，所以填We should check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock。 5．他们很少晚来，是吗? They seldom come late, ? 【答案】 do they 【详解】考查反义疑问句。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句为反义疑问句，遵循前肯后否，前否后肯的原则，该句前半部分有副词seldom表示“几乎不”，为否定意义，所以该句后半部分应为肯定语气，come对应的助动词应为do。故分别填do；they。 6．你觉得北京大学和清华大学哪个更好? , Peking University or Tsinghua University? 【答案】Which do you think is better 【详解】考查选择疑问句。分析句子结构，这里是在北京大学和清华大学之间进行选择，所以应用which引起选择疑问句，基本句式为：“Which+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他”。“你觉得”在疑问句中应跟在which后用do you think，为插入语，而句中其他部分应用陈述语序；“更好”可表示为better，为形容词，作表语，其前应用be动词，主语为which，be动词应用单数。故填Which do you think is better。 7．积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补） A positive attitude . 【答案】makes us happy and healthy 【详解】考查动词+复合宾语。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。用“make+宾语+宾补”表示“让我们愉悦和健康”为make us happy and healthy，us为宾语，并列的形容词happy and healthy为宾语补足语。主语为单数，主谓一致。故填makes us happy and healthy。 8．校长做的讲座多么精彩啊! the head teacher’s talk was! 【答案】How wonderful 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：校长做的讲座多么精彩啊!由”how“引导的感叹句结构形式是：How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!be动词后缺少形容词，多么精彩是How wonderful，故填How wonderful。 9．坚持下去，最终你会看到这些话“我们很高兴地通知您……”（祈使句＋and＋陈述句） the words “We are delighted to inform you...” 【答案】Keep trying and eventually you will read 【详解】考查固定句型、动词和副词。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为固定句型“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，表示“坚持下去”应为keep trying，位于句首，所以keep的首字母需大写，表示“最终”应为eventually作状语，表示“你会看到”应为陈述句，在该句型中中，陈述句经常使用一般将来时，所以应为you will read，使用and将祈使句和陈述句连接。故填Keep trying and eventually you will read。 10．尽管我们的爱好各不相同，但我们还是好朋友。(even if/even though引导的让步状语从句) , we’re still great friends. 【答案】Even if/Even though we have different hobbies 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用even if/even though；主语为we；表示“爱好各不相同”为have different hobbies，此处为主将从现。首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though we have different hobbies。 三、阅读理解 Shanghai has the reputation of having most coffee stores in the world. Various coffee stores can be accessed in Shanghai. Recommendations are offered: 4.6   ¥26/per person Taste: 4.6 Environment: 4.7 Service: 4.5 Mon ~ Thu 08:00 — 20.30 Fri-Sun   08:00 — 21:30 4.4   ¥44/per person Taste: 4.3 Environment: 4.3 Service: 4.3 Mon ~ Thu  09:00 — 18:00 Fri ~ Sun    09:00 — 19:00 Situated alongside Huangpu River with a giant Panda doll sitting on its rooftop, the Xuhui branch store of Manner Coffee has become a WeChat moments-worthy location. Although people will wait a long time before tasting the coffee, the tents on the rooftop and the landscape are worth the effort. Flat white and Panda latte are the most sought-after coffee products. Take a walk with your eyes open, and you will find a sun porch at the end of a lane off Wukang Road. Bright sunlight is Arabica’s most powerful marketing tool. Visitors keep popping into the coffee shop for its minimalist interior and Spanish latte. Whoever visits this place will be reminded of the saying that good wine needs no bush. “Coffee” is a better substitute here, though. 4.5   ¥57/per person Taste: 4.5 Environment: 4.2 Service: 4.6 Mon ~ Sun 10:00 — 18:00 4.4   ¥57/per person Taste: 4.3 Environment: 4.3 Service: 4.4 Mon ~ Fri   09:00 — 21:00 Sat ~ Sun   10:00 — 22:00 The O.P.S. Cafe is an open window on Taiyuan Road, offering only takeaway coffee for customers. The menu, though updated seasonally, displays only five products. When customers get their coffee, they also receive a card bearing its brewing process. Verbal introductions can also be expected from coffeemakers, stirring a warmer feeling in customers’ heart. The winter specials of O.P.S. include Into the Wild and Fantasy of the Deep Forest. Ralph’s coffee, an expanded business sector of Ralph Lauren, America’s famous clothing brand, is a popular place at Jing’an Kerry Center. It’s the third branch store opened following Hong Kong and Beijing. The coffee shop sports its Himalayan salt caramel latte. Apart from its coffee and cake, the brand’s associated products such as fluffy bear dolls, plates, hats are on sale as well. Many people are deeply attracted by its unique interior. 1．In which section of the newspaper will you probably find the above article? A．Critic’s Corner. B．The Debate. C．Urban Life. D．Home News. 2．On Friday Jenny’s night shift ends at 9:15 p.m. If she wants to have a cup of coffee, she should go to . A． B． C．     3．In which coffee shop can customers taste the good coffee while enjoying the superior interior? A． B． C．     【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐在上海值得一去的一些咖啡店信息。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Shanghai has the reputation of having most coffee stores in the world. Various coffee stores can be accessed in Shanghai. Recommendations are offered(上海以在世界上拥有大多数咖啡店而闻名。在上海可以进入各种咖啡店。建议如下)”可知，这篇文章推荐在上海可以进入的一些咖啡店信息，由此可推断这篇文章最有可能来自报纸的都市生活部分，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Manner Coffee中的“Mon ~ Thu 08:00-20.30Fri-Sun 08:00-21:30(周一 ~ 周四 08:00-20.30周五~周日 08:00-21:30)”可知，周五，上夜班的珍妮下班后可以去这家咖啡店喝咖啡，其他店时间都不符合，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据Ralph’s coffee中的“Many people are deeply attracted by its unique interior.(许多人被它独特的内部深深吸引)”可知，在这家咖啡店，顾客可以在品尝好咖啡的同时享受优越的内饰，故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$