精品解析：2024届辽宁省辽阳市辽阳县辽阳石油化纤公司高级中学高三下学期全真模拟考试英语试题

2023—2024 学年度下学期高三全真模拟考试试题 英语 考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分: 150分 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷的指定位置上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The British coastline has a wild beauty in the colder months but still offers incredible wildlife, views and fresh air. Our guide looks at the best beaches to visit in the UK in the winter months. Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex If you’re visiting Brighton or Eastbourne, a winter walk along Cuckmere Haven beach and through Seven Sisters Country Park is a must. Here, brisk sea breezes refresh your mind and amazing beach and ocean provide the perfect setting for an open-air yoga session. Robin Hood’s Bay, Yorkshire Robin Hood’s Bay is a hidden bit of history, with its raw cliffs, red-roofed cottages and unusual architecture. The beach itself is one of the UK’s best spots for fossil-hunting. Perfect to visit in the winter, you can enjoy a walk along the cliffs or beach to take in the historical village. Embleton Bay, Northumberland A beautiful long stretch of beach overlooked by the impressive ruins of Dunstanburgh Castle, Embleton Bay is a perfect winter beach. On a clear cold morning the ruins can be seen perfectly from the beach and beach itself backs onto dunes (沙丘), famous for flowers, grasses and birds. Charmouth, Dorset There are few family pleasures as simple or as satisfying as finding fossils on the beach. It’s an outdoor experience perfect for children of all ages. There’s no better place to indulge a passion for fossils than the Jurassic coastline of Dorset and Devon. Now recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it’s made up of 95 miles and 185 million years of prehistoric life. 1. Which beach best suits people who pursue a mind and body practice? A. Cuckmere Haven. B. Robin Hood’s Bay. C. Embleton Bay. D. Charmouth. 2. What do the Robin Hood’s Bay and Charmouth have in common? A. They have beautiful cliffs. B. They have historical villages. C. They are good fossil-hunting spots. D. They are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. 3. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A biography. B. A travel brochure. C. An academic article. D. An exhibition guide. B Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1st, the professor has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there-for science. If successful, he will break the current world record for time spent living underwater, which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days. Dituri, who has been nicknamed “Dr. Deep Sea”, is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge (小屋) in Key Largo, Florida-the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet below the surface, is his temporary home, where he is carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida. “The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri said. “This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis (假设) is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure.” This hypothesis comes from a study that indicated potentially positive effects of pressure exposure on cell growth and vitality (活力), and Dituri hopes that his underwater experience could reveal ways to combat age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan. As part of his research, Dituri is investigating the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space to create a pressure about 1.6 times higher than that of the Earth’s surface. Therefore, it can’t be achieved in his own right. Before the journey, Dituri had undergone psychosocial, psychological and medical tests. He continues to undergo testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. “The mental health part of this is important, because I’m in an isolated and limited environment,” he said. Beyond research, the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive. To him, this outreach is what makes the whole project worth it-more than the chance for a world record. 4. What do we know about Dituri’s experiment from the text? A. It is scheduled to end on July 9th. B. It has been on for nearly a month. C. Its aim is just to break the world record. D. It is conducted where two Tennessce biologists settled. 5. What is Dituri’s attitude toward the impact the increased pressure has on health? A. Doubtful. B. Cautious. C. Hopeful. D. Unclear. 6. Which scene possibly happens in the course of Dituri’s living underwater? A. He pumps the air into the lodge. B. He instructs invited children to dive. C. He analyzes his own psychosocial tests. D. He experiments in a spacious lodge. 7. Why does Dituri invite children to experience the underwater life? A. To arouse their eagerness for science. B. To ease his loneliness and isolation. C To set a world record at full stretch. D. To prove the value of his experience. C Imagine getting ready for bed, brushing your teeth, setting your alarm and then putting a device on your head that allows you to control your dreams. It might sound like something unfeasible, but it’s the real-life promise of a new futuristic-looking headband called Halo, at present in development by US tech company Prophetic. Expected to be released in 2025, Halo aims to allow you to have more lucid dreams (清醒梦). In some cases, you might also exercise a degree of control over what happens in these dreams, perhaps in ways that benefit your waking life, such as solving work problems, practicing guitar and more. Earlier research has shown lucid dreams could be used for real-life benefits. For example, one study carried out by researchers at the University of Bern, Switzerland showed that participants who practised casting coins into a cup in their lucid dreams showed superior performance the next day. The team behind Halo are using technologies like EEG (脑电图) to collect vast amounts of brain data from volunteers experiencing lucid dreams. The idea is to build a detailed map of what’s happening in the brain during different types of lucid dreams. This information will be key for the second main area of investigation, which involves using TUS (delivered via the headband) to control brain activity. TUS, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can change brain function by using high-frequency sound. “It’s seemingly true that the sound stimulation could contribute to the high-frequency brain activity that’s associated with lucidity,” says Professor Mark Blagrove, a sleep scientist based at Swansea University. “Sound stimulation has been used to cause low-frequency slow waves in slow wave sleep, so the method suggested is believable.” However, TUS is a relatively new approach to brain stimulation and it’s not entirely clear what the long-term results of stimulating your brain with high-frequency sounds might be. Moreover, some sleep scientists believe dreams have basic functions, including processing emotional experiences. By using a device to change the nature of your dreams, maybe you risk interrupting the usual purpose of your dreams. 8. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Impossible. B. Significant. C. Logical. D. Meaningless. 9. Why is the study by the University of Bern mentioned? A. To suggest a way to dream a dream. B. To provide a theory for developing Halo. C. To prove the benefits of lucid dreams. D. To indicate the meaning of being awake. 10. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A. The way in which EEG works. B. The reason for designing Halo. C. The changes brought by Halo. D. The methods used by the team. 11. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Hal o has got widespread recognition. B. There may be some side effects about Halo. C. Dreaming doesn’t have any functions. D. Lucid dreams cause emotional experiences. D Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a vital skill that means we can predict other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life, we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer other’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this ability starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the competence in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to appear naturally from one’s own learning process. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen, but we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 12 Why does the author mention “games” and “protein structures” in the first paragraph? A. To stress how important the science is. B. To promote the use of AI in daily life. C. To present AI’s theory of mind. D. To contrast with AI’s lack of mind reading. 13. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. B. When a mom tells her kid to eat the food that is good for health and he eats it. C. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. D. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. 14. What may the author agree with? A. We should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI. B. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect. C. Mind reading requires huge amounts of context. D. The theory of mind is independent of one’s learning process. 15. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What a comedian can teach you about managing stress We often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life, but it really doesn’t have to be. We all know that laughter is the best medicine. ____16____ People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger. Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress. You can try to find a different perspective. ____17____ Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a class. His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud, wondering whether my friend would applaud along when he woke up. He did and the whole class burst outlaughing. After learning everything, he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while, my friend laughed. “If this had happened to someone else, it would have been amusing. So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me. “ ____18____ There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then. We’ve all been personally affected, in some way. You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) . When you share stories with your friends you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth. ____19____ Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ____20____ A. Always share a good story. B. Why not do what comedians do? C. You can also look again and laugh. D. But laughter does more than cheer you up. E. Then you are able to make a simple choice. F. In this way. you will say goodbye to stress forever. G. If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children. This should be treated ____21____ since disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers, and then disrespectful adults. American culture is ____22____ the ways of teaching respect, while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from. In 1995, I spent a couple of months in Kenya where I lived with a pastor’s family. This pastor was a part of the Maasai tribes that have some unique customs. One of them is the ____23____ that the children give the adults. When an adult approaches a Maasai child, the child will ____24____ and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult responses by saying “Ippa” touching the top of their heads. This simple act shows respect for the adult. The children ____25____ that they are their elder and that the adult deserves respect. In my early 20’s, I worked at a children’s home in South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders. They ____26____ me as “Mr. Vince” and every adult worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”. However, as I counsel and talk to teachers and other professionals who work with children now, there seems to be a ____27____ in such as friendly behavior that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations, and disregard their ____28____. Children casually speak with other adults like waiters, store clerks, postmen, cashiers, etc. in the way as if they are children’s ____29____. Immanuel Kant expressed two _____30_____ attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today. One is that only humans are persons because they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by _____31_____ laws on themselves, and not on desires. It is this mind based on _____32_____ that gives humans special status. Second, to learn to follow principles instead of desires, a human child needs to learn _____33_____ to the laws of adults. They must practice _____34_____ regulation before they are able to practice autonomy. Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation, taking other people as persons, not _____35_____ you use for your own goals”. Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values. 21. A. passionately B. steadily C. publicly D. alarmingly 22. A. challenging B. faking C. piloting D. abandoning 23. A. assistance B. greeting C. blessing D. guarantee 24. A. come forward B. drop by C. show off D. fall down 25. A. pretend B. suspect C. determine D. acknowledge 26. A. located B. ranked C. addressed D. defied 27 A. delight B. delay C. decline D. distress 28. A. gesture B. secret C. behavior D. authority 29. A. peers B. enemies C. guards D. owners 30. A. controversial B. accepted C. foreign D. equivalent 31. A. twisting B. imposing C. banning D. sparing 32. A. reason B. solution C. harmony D. consciousness 33. A. similarity B. response C. obedience D. approach 34. A. environmental B. external C. voluntary D. flexible 35. A. luxuries B. glories C. instruments D. models 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2023 Chinese Bridge Calligraphy and Painting Contest lasted for six months, ___36___ (attract) 1, 084 contestants from 86 countries ___37___ a total of 1, 146 calligraphy and painting works. According to experts, the award winning calligraphy works this year mirrored many Chinese classic elements with more ___38___ (expressive) and creativity, compared to the winners of last year's contest, “I feel honored to be the judge again and also ___39___ (delight) to find that the entries for this year have been such a breakthrough. From their progress, you can ___40___ (definite) see the authors must have spent a lot of time and energy learning traditional Chinese culture, ” commented one of the judges. At the closing ceremony, Zhang Bo, professor from Beijing Language and Culture University, gave high praise of the achievement of overseas Chinese teaching, ___41___ played a significant role in cultural exchanges. He said the quality of the entries resulted from the contestants' years of study, as well as ___42___ guidance and assistance of overseas Chinese teaching behind them. The experts suggested watching the videos about the contestants on the website. “Through these videos, we can see their daily practice and creation process, ___43___ we can also feel their understanding and love for Chinese culture from their introductions. The creative process of calligraphy and painting ___44___ (have) a visual appreciation similar to dance. It is our hope that these videos ___45___ (share) on social media will encourage more people to develop a love for Chinese culture.” 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Mike准备参加“厉害了，中国”(Amazing China) 短视频大赛，特发邮件向你征询视频创意。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．提出建议； 2．阐明理由 注意： 1．写作词数应为 80 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Mike, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Look!” I said to my husband, Roger, pointing to the branches. “The doves (鸽子) have built a nest. On a chilly April day, we watched with horror as a hawk dived down and took one of the doves. By the next morning the other parent was gone too. Roger climbed up a ladder to take a look into the nest. Was it possible the hawk had spared the young? Yes, there sat a newly hatched baby dove! We brought him inside and set up the nesting box with the heat lamps we had used for raising chickens. Then we rushed to the pet shop to buy the formula (配方奶) which needed to look like the mother’s milk. But even with our care and prayers, we knew that the dove’s chances were slim. We were especially worried that our little bird, whom we’d named Hawkeye, hardly cooed (咕咕地叫) at all. That had to be a bad sign. But to our surprise, Hawkeye not only survived but also thrived. Within a month, he was able to stand on the edge of a bowl and eat out of a baby spoon. And before we knew it, he was eating the seeds we gave him. Having the opportunity to nurture this new life brought me a greater measure of peace with each passing day. As Hawkeye grew, we noticed that unlike all the other doves in our yard, he had a double breast with a line dividing it. When I did some research on the doves, I found out that females don’t often coo. “We got it all wrong,” I told Roger. “Hawkeye is a girl!” We realized that we’d have to teach her to fly. First, we urged her to fly from a finger to the bottom rung (梯子的横档) of a six-foot ladder, and in no time she was moving quickly to the top. She lit out (逃走，溜掉) for the kitchen whenever she heard the click of the spoon on her bowl. By mid-June she’d gained full confidence in her wings. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: At that time, we knew it was time to set our Hawkeye free. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: But one May morning, Hawkeye and the other dove landed on the rooftop. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023—2024 学年度下学期高三全真模拟考试试题 英语 考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分: 150分 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷的指定位置上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The British coastline has a wild beauty in the colder months but still offers incredible wildlife, views and fresh air. Our guide looks at the best beaches to visit in the UK in the winter months. Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex If you’re visiting Brighton or Eastbourne, a winter walk along Cuckmere Haven beach and through Seven Sisters Country Park is a must. Here, brisk sea breezes refresh your mind and amazing beach and ocean provide the perfect setting for an open-air yoga session. Robin Hood’s Bay, Yorkshire Robin Hood’s Bay is a hidden bit of history, with its raw cliffs, red-roofed cottages and unusual architecture. The beach itself is one of the UK’s best spots for fossil-hunting. Perfect to visit in the winter, you can enjoy a walk along the cliffs or beach to take in the historical village. Embleton Bay, Northumberland A beautiful long stretch of beach overlooked by the impressive ruins of Dunstanburgh Castle, Embleton Bay is a perfect winter beach. On a clear cold morning the ruins can be seen perfectly from the beach and beach itself backs onto dunes (沙丘), famous for flowers, grasses and birds. Charmouth, Dorset There are few family pleasures as simple or as satisfying as finding fossils on the beach. It’s an outdoor experience perfect for children of all ages. There’s no better place to indulge a passion for fossils than the Jurassic coastline of Dorset and Devon. Now recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it’s made up of 95 miles and 185 million years of prehistoric life. 1. Which beach best suits people who pursue a mind and body practice? A. Cuckmere Haven. B. Robin Hood’s Bay. C. Embleton Bay. D. Charmouth. 2. What do the Robin Hood’s Bay and Charmouth have in common? A. They have beautiful cliffs. B. They have historical villages. C. They are good fossil-hunting spots. D. They are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. 3. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A biography. B. A travel brochure. C. An academic article. D. An exhibition guide. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个适合在冬季游览的海滩。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex”下的“Here, brisk sea breezes refresh your mind and amazing beach and ocean provide the perfect setting for an open-air yoga session.(在这里，清新的海风让你神清气爽，令人惊叹的海滩和海洋为户外瑜伽提供了完美的环境)”可知，Cuckmere Haven最适合那些追求身心锻炼的人。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Robin Hood’s Bay, Yorkshire”下的“The beach itself is one of the UK’s best spots for fossil-hunting.(这片海滩本身就是英国寻找化石的最佳地点之一)”以及“Charmouth, Dorset”下的“There are few family pleasures as simple or as satisfying as finding fossils on the beach. It’s an outdoor experience perfect for children of all ages. There’s no better place to indulge a passion for fossils than the Jurassic coastline of Dorset and Devon.(很少有比在海滩上发现化石更简单、更令人满意的家庭乐趣了。这是一个适合所有年龄段的孩子的户外体验。没有比 Dorset和 Devon的侏罗纪海岸更适合放纵对化石的热情的地方了)”可知，Robin Hood’s Bay和Charmouth的共同之处是它们都是寻找化石的好地方。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Our guide looks at the best beaches to visit in the UK in the winter months.(我们的旅游指南盘点了英国最适合在冬季游览的海滩)”以及通读全文可知，本文介绍了英国四片适合在冬季游览的海滩。由此可推知，文章可能选自一本旅游指南。故选B项。 B Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1st, the professor has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there-for science. If successful, he will break the current world record for time spent living underwater, which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days. Dituri, who has been nicknamed “Dr. Deep Sea”, is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge (小屋) in Key Largo, Florida-the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet below the surface, is his temporary home, where he is carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida. “The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri said. “This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis (假设) is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure.” This hypothesis comes from a study that indicated potentially positive effects of pressure exposure on cell growth and vitality (活力), and Dituri hopes that his underwater experience could reveal ways to combat age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan. As part of his research, Dituri is investigating the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space to create a pressure about 1.6 times higher than that of the Earth’s surface. Therefore, it can’t be achieved in his own right. Before the journey, Dituri had undergone psychosocial, psychological and medical tests. He continues to undergo testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. “The mental health part of this is important, because I’m in an isolated and limited environment,” he said. Beyond research, the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive. To him, this outreach is what makes the whole project worth it-more than the chance for a world record. 4. What do we know about Dituri’s experiment from the text? A. It is scheduled to end on July 9th. B. It has been on for nearly a month. C. Its aim is just to break the world record. D. It is conducted where two Tennessce biologists settled. 5. What is Dituri’s attitude toward the impact the increased pressure has on health? A. Doubtful. B. Cautious. C. Hopeful. D. Unclear. 6. Which scene possibly happens in the course of Dituri’s living underwater? A. He pumps the air into the lodge. B. He instructs invited children to dive. C. He analyzes his own psychosocial tests. D. He experiments in a spacious lodge. 7. Why does Dituri invite children to experience the underwater life? A. To arouse their eagerness for science. B. To ease his loneliness and isolation. C. To set a world record at full stretch. D. To prove the value of his experience. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家约瑟夫·迪图里潜水并在水下居住百日，挑战世界纪录，旨在研究高压环境对人体的益处，同时激发儿童科学热情。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights.(Joseph Dituri已经两个两周没见太阳了)”可知，迪图里的实验持续了四周时间。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure.(这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善)”可知，迪图里认为增大的水压会对健康有改善作用。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive.(迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水)”可知，迪图里邀请孩子跟他共处24小时，并且教他们潜水。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Beyond research, the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive.(除了研究之外，这个项目也是一个培养孩子们对探索科学领域热情的机会。迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水)”可知，迪图里邀请孩子体验水下生活的原因是激发他们对科学的渴望。故选A。 C Imagine getting ready for bed, brushing your teeth, setting your alarm and then putting a device on your head that allows you to control your dreams. It might sound like something unfeasible, but it’s the real-life promise of a new futuristic-looking headband called Halo, at present in development by US tech company Prophetic. Expected to be released in 2025, Halo aims to allow you to have more lucid dreams (清醒梦). In some cases, you might also exercise a degree of control over what happens in these dreams, perhaps in ways that benefit your waking life, such as solving work problems, practicing guitar and more. Earlier research has shown lucid dreams could be used for real-life benefits. For example, one study carried out by researchers at the University of Bern, Switzerland showed that participants who practised casting coins into a cup in their lucid dreams showed superior performance the next day. The team behind Halo are using technologies like EEG (脑电图) to collect vast amounts of brain data from volunteers experiencing lucid dreams. The idea is to build a detailed map of what’s happening in the brain during different types of lucid dreams. This information will be key for the second main area of investigation, which involves using TUS (delivered via the headband) to control brain activity. TUS, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can change brain function by using high-frequency sound. “It’s seemingly true that the sound stimulation could contribute to the high-frequency brain activity that’s associated with lucidity,” says Professor Mark Blagrove, a sleep scientist based at Swansea University. “Sound stimulation has been used to cause low-frequency slow waves in slow wave sleep, so the method suggested is believable.” However, TUS is a relatively new approach to brain stimulation and it’s not entirely clear what the long-term results of stimulating your brain with high-frequency sounds might be. Moreover, some sleep scientists believe dreams have basic functions, including processing emotional experiences. By using a device to change the nature of your dreams, maybe you risk interrupting the usual purpose of your dreams. 8. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Impossible. B. Significant. C. Logical. D. Meaningless. 9. Why is the study by the University of Bern mentioned? A. To suggest a way to dream a dream. B. To provide a theory for developing Halo. C. To prove the benefits of lucid dreams. D. To indicate the meaning of being awake. 10. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A. The way in which EEG works. B. The reason for designing Halo. C. The changes brought by Halo. D. The methods used by the team. 11. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Hal o has got widespread recognition. B. There may be some side effects about Halo. C. Dreaming doesn’t have any functions. D. Lucid dreams cause emotional experiences. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以帮助你控制做梦的设备。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据连词but可知，“It might sound like something unfeasible(这听起来可能unfeasible)”和下文“it’s the real-life promise of a new futuristic-looking headband called Halo, at present in development by US tech company Prophetic.(这是一款名为Halo的新型未来主义头戴装置的现实承诺，它目前正由美国科技公司Prophetic开发)”之间有转折关系。下文说这是一种可以实现的承诺，由此推知，上文说听起来“不可行的”，构成转折关系。画线词unfeasible与 Impossible意思一致。故选A项。 9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earlier research has shown lucid dreams could be used for real-life benefits. For example, one study carried out by researchers at the University of Bern, Switzerland showed that participants who practised casting coins into a cup in their lucid dreams showed superior performance the next day.(早些时候的研究表明，清晰梦境可以用于现实生活中。例如，瑞士伯尔尼大学的研究人员进行的一项研究表明，在清醒梦中练习向杯子里扔硬币的参与者第二天表现得更出色)”可知，段中提到伯尔尼大学的研究是为了证明段首观点：清晰梦境可以作用于现实生活，能给现实生活带来好处。故选C项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The team behind Halo are using technologies like EEG (脑电图) to collect vast amounts of brain data from volunteers experiencing lucid dreams. The idea is to build a detailed map of what’s happening in the brain during different types of lucid dreams. This information will be key for the second main area of investigation, which involves using TUS (delivered via the headband) to control brain activity. TUS, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can change brain function by using high-frequency sound.(Halo背后的团队正在使用脑电图等技术从经历清晰梦境的志愿者那里收集大量的大脑数据。这个想法是建立一个详细的地图，显示大脑在不同类型的清晰梦境中发生了什么。这一信息将是第二个主要研究领域的关键，这涉及到使用TUS(通过头带传递)来控制大脑活动。TUS是一种非侵入性脑刺激技术，可以通过使用高频声音来改变大脑功能)”可知，本段主要介绍了Halo团队使用的研究方法。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, TUS is a relatively new approach to brain stimulation and it’s not entirely clear what the long-term results of stimulating your brain with high-frequency sounds might be.(然而，TUS是一种相对较新的大脑刺激方法，目前还不完全清楚用高频声音刺激大脑的长期结果可能是什么)”和“By using a device to change the nature of your dreams, maybe you risk interrupting the usual purpose of your dreams.(通过使用一种设备来改变你梦的性质，也许你会冒险打断你梦的通常目的)”可知，目前还不清楚TUS可能造成的长期影响，它也许会我们做梦功能。由此推知，Halo头戴装置可能会有一些副作用。故选B项。 D Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a vital skill that means we can predict other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life, we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer other’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this ability starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the competence in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to appear naturally from one’s own learning process. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen, but we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 12. Why does the author mention “games” and “protein structures” in the first paragraph? A. To stress how important the science is. B. To promote the use of AI in daily life. C. To present AI’s theory of mind. D. To contrast with AI’s lack of mind reading. 13. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. B. When a mom tells her kid to eat the food that is good for health and he eats it. C. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. D. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. 14. What may the author agree with? A. We should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI. B. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect. C. Mind reading requires huge amounts of context. D. The theory of mind is independent of one’s learning process. 15. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能在模拟人类“读心”能力方面的挑战和前景。虽然AI在棋类游戏和科学预测方面已超越人类，但缺乏理解他人目标和信念的能力。文章认为，为了让AI在日常生活中更有用，需要赋予其类似人类的“读心”能力，即理论思维。这不仅是提高AI实用性的关键，也是实现真正自我意识机器的重要步骤。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.(超人的人工智能已经在我们身边了。嗯，算是吧。在下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等困难的科学挑战方面，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个超能力，他们还远没有掌握：读心术)”可知，作者在第一段中提到人工智能擅长游戏和预测蛋白质结构，也提到它还没有掌握的读心术，将两者进行对比 。由此推知，作者在第一段中提到“游戏”和“蛋白质结构”是为了与“人工智能缺乏读心术”进行比较。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. (但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术)”和第二段“Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own.   (人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果) ”和第三段的“For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.(例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的)”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理和预测能力，需要理论思维能力，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。对A项“When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. (当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声)”、C项“When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. (当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”)”和D项“When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. (你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛”)”的理解都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望，这是人工智能无法理解的。只有B项“When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. (当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃)”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论，人工智能能很好的理解其意思。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In humans, this ability starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the competence in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.(在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。其中一个主要的挑战是背景。例如，如果有人问你是否要去跑步，你回答“下雨了”，他们可以很快得出结论，给出否定答案。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识)”可知，理解别人的想法需要大量的背景信息。由此推知，作者会赞成“读心术需要大量的背景信息”这一观点。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.(然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有心智理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是通往人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：制造真正具有自我意识的机器)”可知，文章讨论了人工智能在模拟人类“读心”能力方面的挑战和前景，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected(期待人工智有拥有自己的心智理论)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What a comedian can teach you about managing stress We often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life, but it really doesn’t have to be. We all know that laughter is the best medicine. ____16____ People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger. Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress. You can try to find a different perspective. ____17____ Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a class. His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud, wondering whether my friend would applaud along when he woke up. He did and the whole class burst outlaughing. After learning everything, he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while, my friend laughed. “If this had happened to someone else, it would have been amusing. So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me. “ ____18____ There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then. We’ve all been personally affected, in some way. You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) . When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth. ____19____ Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ____20____ A. Always share a good story. B. Why not do what comedians do? C. You can also look again and laugh. D. But laughter does more than cheer you up. E. Then you are able to make a simple choice. F. In this way. you will say goodbye to stress forever. G. If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring. 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. C 19. B 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了笑能帮助我们缓解压力，生活中要笑对困境，看向事物积极的一面。 【16题详解】 前文提到“We all know that laughter is the best medicine.”（我们都知道笑容是最好的良药），后文提到“People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger.”（能对自己的不幸一笑置之的人能更快更坚强地振作起来。）由此判断，笑容还能让人更快地恢复过来。D项“But laughter does more than cheer you up.”（但是笑不仅仅是让你开心。）旨在说明笑不只是让人心情好起来，它还有后文提到的“Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress.”（以下是一位喜剧演员对应对压力的看法。）减少压力的作用。D项符合文意，故选D。 【17题详解】 第二段第一句提到“You can try to find a different perspective. ”（你可以尝试换个角度）。下文作者讲了朋友的一个故事，旨在证明只要找到了好笑的点，就可以把一件尴尬的事情变成一件好笑的事情。而读者可以从这个故事里获得灵感，受到鼓舞。从上下文可以得知，这个角度实际上指的是看到事情的有趣的地方，找到好笑的点。G项“If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring.”（如果你很难看到有趣的一面，你可能会发现下面的故事很鼓舞人心。）该项与后文的故事为解释例证关系。G项符合文意，故选G。 【18题详解】 空处位于段首，由此判断该句应为该段的主题句，后文提到“You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) .”（当时你可能不想笑，但现在，回头看，你可以考虑所有奇怪的方面的经验和所有的事情，你做了保持活跃或只是保持理智。）每个人都会经历压力并受到影响，当时也许笑不出来，但是回头看看，想起做过的奇怪的事情，也许就会笑了。C项“You can also look again and laugh.”（你可以回过头看看，然后大笑一场） 该项符合文意，故选C。 【19题详解】 前文提到“When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth.”（当你和朋友分享故事时，你可以选择分享创伤和痛苦的故事，也可以选择用希望和成长的故事来鼓舞他们的精神。）后文提到“Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. ”（以同样的故事为例，把重点从“为我感到难过”转变为“和我一起笑”。）由此判断，该段说明可以把难过的事情转换成另外一个方面去吸收。结合文章标题“What a comedian can teach you about managing stress”（喜剧演员可以教你如何管理压力）可知，喜剧演员会让观众一起笑起来。B项“Why not do what comedians do?”（为什么不学学喜剧演员呢?）B项符合文意，故选B。 【20题详解】 前文提到“Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ”（请记住，我们都在一起，我们都有同样荒谬的经历，我们可以一起嘲笑生活给我们的任何东西。），此空前面建议人们要认识到每个人都会经历不好的事情，无论经历什么，我们都可以发笑。所以此空应该是这么做的好处。E项“Then you are able to make a simple choice.”（然后你就可以做一个简单的选择。）E项符合文意，故选E。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children. This should be treated ____21____ since disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers, and then disrespectful adults. American culture is ____22____ the ways of teaching respect, while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from. In 1995, I spent a couple of months in Kenya where I lived with a pastor’s family. This pastor was a part of the Maasai tribes that have some unique customs. One of them is the ____23____ that the children give the adults. When an adult approaches a Maasai child, the child will ____24____ and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult responses by saying “Ippa” touching the top of their heads. This simple act shows respect for the adult. The children ____25____ that they are their elder and that the adult deserves respect. In my early 20’s, I worked at a children’s home in South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders. They ____26____ me as “Mr. Vince” and every adult worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”. However, as I counsel and talk to teachers and other professionals who work with children now, there seems to be a ____27____ in such as friendly behavior that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations, and disregard their ____28____. Children casually speak with other adults like waiters, store clerks, postmen, cashiers, etc. in the way as if they are children’s ____29____. Immanuel Kant expressed two _____30_____ attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today. One is that only humans are persons because they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by _____31_____ laws on themselves, and not on desires. It is this mind based on _____32_____ that gives humans special status. Second, to learn to follow principles instead of desires, a human child needs to learn _____33_____ to the laws of adults. They must practice _____34_____ regulation before they are able to practice autonomy. Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation, taking other people as persons, not _____35_____ you use for your own goals”. Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values. 21. A. passionately B. steadily C. publicly D. alarmingly 22. A. challenging B. faking C. piloting D. abandoning 23. A. assistance B. greeting C. blessing D. guarantee 24. A. come forward B. drop by C. show off D. fall down 25. A. pretend B. suspect C. determine D. acknowledge 26. A. located B. ranked C. addressed D. defied 27. A. delight B. delay C. decline D. distress 28. A. gesture B. secret C. behavior D. authority 29. A. peers B. enemies C. guards D. owners 30. A. controversial B. accepted C. foreign D. equivalent 31. A. twisting B. imposing C. banning D. sparing 32. A. reason B. solution C. harmony D. consciousness 33. A. similarity B. response C. obedience D. approach 34. A. environmental B. external C. voluntary D. flexible 35. A. luxuries B. glories C. instruments D. models 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中，作者以自己的个人经历阐述了，在美国文化中儿童越来越不尊重成年人这一现象，而其他文化中“儿童尊重成年人”是美国人可以学习的方式。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这应该引起警惕，因为不尊重的孩子会变成不尊重的青少年，然后变成不尊重的成年人。A. passionately热情地；B. steadily稳定地；C. publicly公开地；D. alarmingly让人担忧地、警惕地。由上文的“In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children.”和下文的“disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers, and then disrespectful adults”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，这些不尊重人的儿童长大会成为不尊重人的成年人，这一现象应该引起警惕。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式，而其他文化也有美国人可以学习的方式。A. challenging挑战；B. faking伪造；C. piloting驾驶；D. abandoning放弃。由上文的“In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children.”和下文的“Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，说明美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中之一是孩子们对成年人的问候。A. assistance帮助；B. greeting问候；C. blessing祝福；D. guarantee保证。由下文的“When an adult approaches a Maasai child, the child will ____4____ and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”.”可知，在马赛族文化中，当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子走上前会说“Suppa”，这是孩子们问候成年人的方式。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子会走上前，轻轻地歪着头说“Suppa”。A. come forward自告奋勇、走上前；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. fall down跌倒。由下文的“The adult responses by saying “Ippa” touching the top of their heads.”可知，成年人触摸到孩子的头顶，说明孩子走到了成年人的面前。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们承认成年人是他们的长辈，成年人值得尊重。A. pretend假装；B. suspect怀疑；C. determine决定；D. acknowledge承认。由上文的“This simple act shows respect for the adult.”可知，当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子走上前说“Suppa”的行为表明了孩子对成年人表示尊敬，承认成年人是他们的长辈。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们称呼我为“文斯先生”，那里的每个成年工人都有一个“先生、太太或女士”。A. located坐落于；B. ranked排列；C. addressed称呼；D. defied否认。由文的“”可知，由上文的“South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders”和本句“They ____6____ me as “Mr. Vince” and every adult worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”.”可知，Mr, Mrs, or Ms.是敬称，南卡罗来纳州的从4岁到19岁的孩子都被教导要尊重长辈，所以称呼作者“文斯先生”，称呼其他成年人“（某某）先生、太太或女士”。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，正如我对教师和其他从事儿童工作的专业人士所建议和交谈的那样，儿童给予成年人的友好行为似乎有所减少。A. delight高兴；B. delay延误；C. decline减少；D. distress忧虑。由上文的“In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children.”和下文的“Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，不尊重老师，经常与老师、父母或长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，以前尊重成年人的友好行为在减少。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尊重老师的学生越来越少：孩子们经常与老师、父母或长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，无视他们的权威。A. gesture手势；B. secret秘密；C. behavior行为；D. authority权威。由上文的“In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children.”和下文的“Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，不尊重老师，经常与老师、父母或长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，无视成年人的权威。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们随意地与其他成年人交谈，如侍者、店员、邮递员、收银员等，就好像他们是孩子的同龄人一样。A. peers同辈；B. enemies敌人；C. guards守卫；D. owners主人。由上文的“Children casually speak with other adults like waiters, store clerks, postmen, cashiers”可知，儿童随意地与其他成年人交谈，说明他们不尊重成年人，无视成年人的权威，把成年人当成不需要尊重的同辈人了。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伊曼纽尔·康德表达了两种在欧洲仍占主导地位的公认态度。A. controversial引起争论的；B. accepted公认的；C. foreign外国的；D. equivalent相等的。由本句中“two ____10____ attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today”可知，两种在欧洲仍占主导地位的态度，说明这种态度是欧洲人公认的态度。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一是只有人类才是人，因为他们拥有自主权，通过将法律强加给自己，而不是欲望，他们自由选择按照原则行事。A. twisting扭曲；B. imposing强加；C. banning禁止；D. sparing腾出。由下文的“laws on themselves, and not on desires”可知，法律是外部世界强加给人的，而不是人原本就拥有的。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种基于理性的思维赋予了人类特殊的地位。A. reason理性；B. solution解决方法；C. harmony和谐；D. consciousness意识。由上文的“they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by ____11____ laws on themselves, and not on desire”可知，人们拥有自主权，通过将法律强加给自己，而不是通过欲望，人们自由选择按照原则行事，这是理性的逻辑思维。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二，要学会遵循原则而不是欲望，人类儿童需要学会服从成人的法律。A. similarity相似；B. response反映；C. obedience服从；D. approach方法。由上文的“to learn to follow principles instead of desires”可知，follow (遵循)，此处指人类儿童需要要学会obedience to (遵循、服从) 原则，即服从成人的法律。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们必须实行外部监管，才能实行自治。A. environmental环境的；B. external外部的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. flexible灵活的。由上文的“a human child needs to learn ____13____ to the laws of adults”和下文的“regulation before they are able to practice autonomy”可知，在人类儿童实现个体自治前，需要学会服从成人的法律，由成年人对其实施外部监管。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：康德说：“在这种情况下，按照你希望别人做事的方式行事，把别人当作人，而不是把别人当作你为自己的目标使用的工具。”A. luxuries奢侈品；B. glories荣耀；C. instruments工具；D. models模型。由本处的“taking other people as persons, not ____15____ you use for your own goals”可知，康德说，要把别人当作人，而不是把别人当作自己实现目标的工具。故选C项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2023 Chinese Bridge Calligraphy and Painting Contest lasted for six months, ___36___ (attract) 1, 084 contestants from 86 countries ___37___ a total of 1, 146 calligraphy and painting works. According to experts, the award winning calligraphy works this year mirrored many Chinese classic elements with more ___38___ (expressive) and creativity, compared to the winners of last year's contest, “I feel honored to be the judge again and also ___39___ (delight) to find that the entries for this year have been such a breakthrough. From their progress, you can ___40___ (definite) see the authors must have spent a lot of time and energy learning traditional Chinese culture, ” commented one of the judges. At the closing ceremony, Zhang Bo, professor from Beijing Language and Culture University, gave high praise of the achievement of overseas Chinese teaching, ___41___ played a significant role in cultural exchanges. He said the quality of the entries resulted from the contestants' years of study, as well as ___42___ guidance and assistance of overseas Chinese teaching behind them. The experts suggested watching the videos about the contestants on the website. “Through these videos, we can see their daily practice and creation process, ___43___ we can also feel their understanding and love for Chinese culture from their introductions. The creative process of calligraphy and painting ___44___ (have) a visual appreciation similar to dance. It is our hope that these videos ___45___ (share) on social media will encourage more people to develop a love for Chinese culture.” 【答案】36 attracting 37. with 38. expressiveness 39. delighted 40. definitely 41. which 42. the 43. and 44. has 45. shared 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2023届“汉语桥”书法及绘画比赛的盛况和获奖情况，并简要介绍了获奖作品的特点。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“2023中国桥书画大赛”历时6个月，吸引了来自86个国家的1084名选手参赛，共计1146件书画作品。分析句子可知，空处应为非谓语动词作结果状语；逻辑主语The 2023 Chinese Bridge Calligraphy and Painting Contest 与attract之间为主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式。故填 attracting. 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：“2023中国桥书画大赛”历时6个月，吸引了来自86个国家的1084名选手参赛，共计1146件书画作品。根据句意可知，此处表示该比赛吸引了来自86个国家的1084名参赛者，共计1146件书法和绘画作品。a total of…works短语作定语，用 with引导，表示“有，具有”。故填 with。 38题详解】 考查名词。句意：据专家介绍，与去年的获奖作品相比，今年的获奖作品反映了许多中国经典元素，更具表现力和创造力。根据下文and creativity可知，and 连接前后两个名词，expressive的名词形式是expressiveness。故填expressiveness。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我很荣幸再次担任评委，也很高兴今年的参赛作品取得了突破。分析句子可知，空处和前文的honored并列，应为形容词作表语，修饰主语I，修饰人，用-ed形式。故填 delighted。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：从他们的进步中，你绝对可以看出作者们一定花了很多时间和精力来学习中国传统文化。分析句子可知，空处应为副词作状语，修饰空后的动词see。故填 definitely。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在闭幕式上，北京语言大学张博教授高度赞扬了海外汉语教学的成就，这在文化交流中发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为overseas Chinese teaching，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他说，参赛作品的质量源于参赛者多年的学习，以及他们背后海外汉语教师的指导和帮助。根据句意可知，此处表示参赛作品的质量是由于参赛者多年的学习，以及海外汉语教学对他们的指导和帮助，空处应表示特指。故填the。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：通过这些视频，我们可以看到他们的日常实践和创作过程，也可以从他们的介绍中感受到他们对中国文化的理解和热爱。根据句意可知，空处前后的两个句子应为并列关系。故填 and。 【44题详解】 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：书法和绘画的创作过程具有类似于舞蹈的视觉欣赏。分析句子可知，空处应为本句的谓语动词，主语是Tho creative process，为单数；描述客观事实，此处应为一般现在时。故填has。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望这些在社交媒体上分享的视频能鼓励更多人爱上中国文化。分析句子可知，空处应为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰空前的videos, videos与 share之间是被动关系，因此空处应为动词的-ed形式。 故填 shared。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Mike准备参加“厉害了，中国”(Amazing China) 短视频大赛，特发邮件向你征询视频创意。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．提出建议； 2．阐明理由。 注意： 1．写作词数应为 80 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Mike, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mike Learning you’re going to sign up for the short video competition on the theme of Amazing China, I’m writing to share my ideas with you. If I were you, I would not hesitate to shoot a short video about China’s smart agriculture. Nowadays, you can see modern farmers using cutting-edge technologies and devices for agricultural production, monitoring and management. Thanks to this, the efficiency is greatly improved and the country’s grain security is guaranteed. Therefore, I’m convinced that showing the enormous changes in Chinese agriculture will hold much appeal for the viewers. May your entry stand out in the competition! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给准备参加“厉害了，中国”(Amazing China) 短视频大赛的交换生Mike回一封邮件，就视频创意提出建议并阐明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 想法：idea →opinion 安全：security →safety 因此：therefore →thus 确信：convinced →sure 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Learning you’re going to sign up for the short video competition on the theme of Amazing China, I’m writing to share my ideas with you. 拓展句：Because I learn you’re going to sign up for the short video competition on the theme of Amazing China, I’m writing to share my ideas with you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If I were you, I would not hesitate to shoot a short video about China’s smart agriculture.（运用了虚拟语气） 【高分句型2】Therefore, I’m convinced that showing the enormous changes in Chinese agriculture will hold much appeal for the viewers.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词短语作主语） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Look!” I said to my husband, Roger, pointing to the branches. “The doves (鸽子) have built a nest. On a chilly April day, we watched with horror as a hawk dived down and took one of the doves. By the next morning the other parent was gone too. Roger climbed up a ladder to take a look into the nest. Was it possible the hawk had spared the young? Yes, there sat a newly hatched baby dove! We brought him inside and set up the nesting box with the heat lamps we had used for raising chickens. Then we rushed to the pet shop to buy the formula (配方奶) which needed to look like the mother’s milk. But even with our care and prayers, we knew that the dove’s chances were slim. We were especially worried that our little bird, whom we’d named Hawkeye, hardly cooed (咕咕地叫) at all. That had to be a bad sign. But to our surprise, Hawkeye not only survived but also thrived. Within a month, he was able to stand on the edge of a bowl and eat out of a baby spoon. And before we knew it, he was eating the seeds we gave him. Having the opportunity to nurture this new life brought me a greater measure of peace with each passing day. As Hawkeye grew, we noticed that unlike all the other doves in our yard, he had a double breast with a line dividing it. When I did some research on the doves, I found out that females don’t often coo. “We got it all wrong,” I told Roger. “Hawkeye is a girl!” We realized that we’d have to teach her to fly. First, we urged her to fly from a finger to the bottom rung (梯子的横档) of a six-foot ladder, and in no time she was moving quickly to the top. She lit out (逃走，溜掉) for the kitchen whenever she heard the click of the spoon on her bowl. By mid-June she’d gained full confidence in her wings. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: At that time, we knew it was time to set our Hawkeye free. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: But one May morning, Hawkeye and the other dove landed on the rooftop. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: At that time, we knew it was time to set our Hawkeye free. We took her outside, but she only flew about the yard, even when we left her and went back inside. My heart broke as she watched us through the window. Finally, after several minutes, she flew to the tree and then took off into the sky. I often stared out the back window, hoping to catch just a glimpse of her. “If I could only see her one more time,” I told Roger, “I’d know everything would be okay.” I had nearly given up hope. But one May morning, Hawkeye and the other dove landed on the rooftop. The smaller one bore Hawkeye’s distinctive chest markings. She had not only returned, but she’d also brought her mate with her! They built a nest on the very same branch where Hawkeye had been born. Several weeks later we watched Hawkeye feed her own two babies. And every time she flew into the sky, I felt my own heart fly with her—light and filled with grace. 【解析】 【导语】本文以作者喂养幼鸽成长为线索展开，讲述了作者在四月一个寒冷的日子里，发现一只鸽子的父母被鹰抓走，在作者与丈夫细心的照料下，幼鸽子健康成长，还给它起了一个名字叫Hawkeye，随着Hawkeye的慢慢长大，作者开始教它飞行，到了六月，幼鸽Hawkeye已经开始对自己的翅膀有了充分的信心的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“那时，我们知道是时候释放我们的Hawkeye了。”可知，第一段可描写作者放飞鸽子Hawkeye的过程以及鸽子飞走后作者的心情。 ②由第二段首句内容“但是五月的一个早晨，Hawkeye和另一只鸽子降落在屋顶上。”可知，第二段可描写Hawkeye带着伴侣回来后的发展情况。 2.续写线索：带到屋外——Hawkeye不舍——飞走后作者的感受——Hawkeye带着伴侣回归——筑巢生活——作者的心情 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①凝视：stared/gaze fixedly ②放弃：given up/abandon ③饲养/喂养：feed/raise/keep 情绪类 ①悲伤：one’s heart broke/fall into sorrow 【点睛】[高分句型1]. I often stared out the back window, hoping to catch just a glimpse of her.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2]. She had not only returned, but she’d also brought her mate with her! （运用了“not only…but also…”连接并列句） [高分句型3]. And every time she flew into the sky, I felt my own heart fly with her—light and filled with grace.（运用了every time引导时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$