精品解析：2024届上海市复兴高级中学高三下学期5月信心考英语试卷

2024高三英语考试 满分：140分 I. Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. David. B. James. C. Peter. D. John. 【答案】C 【解析】 原文】W: Hey, James. Where are you going? M: I am going to reserve a conference room. Peter is coming to give us a lecture on climate change. And Professor John and his assistant David are coming to introduce their new book too. Q: Who will come to talk about the change of climate？ 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Have a meeting. B. Travel to Beijing. C. Dine with Mr. Kim. D. Discuss their program. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: What about our program for tomorrow? M: Let me see. A staff meeting at 9:00 in the morning. Lunch with Mr. Kim, the new sales manager. And then a trip to Shanghai at 4:00 in the afternoon. Q: What are the speakers going to do tomorrow morning? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Husband and wife. B. Father and daughter. C. Manager and secretary. D. Salesman and customer. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Alice, these business letters are full of spelling mistakes. W: Oh, sorry, Mr. Martin. I will do it again. Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To write a program. B. To listen to a radio program. C. To read a book about radio. D. To talk about a radio program. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Are there any assignments for Wednesday? W: Nothing to read or write. But we’re supposed to listen to a radio program and be ready to talk about it in class. Q: What have the students been asked to do on Wednesday? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi. B. The woman is asking the man for help. C. The woman really likes taking buses. D. The woman's car has broken down. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: How are you getting to the airport? W: Well, I haven’t really got any choice. I have to take the bus. My car is at the garage getting repaired and a taxi is just too expensive. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He also thinks Tina looks great. B. He doesn’t agree with the woman. C. He doesn’t like Tina’s silver dress. D. He thinks Tina should get a new dress. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Tina looks great in that silver dress, doesn’t she? M: I can’t agree with you more. Q: What does the man mean? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She moved to Washington when she was young. B. She will show the man around Washington. C. She will ask someone else to help the man. D. She can provide little useful information. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: I need to talk to someone who knows Washington well. I’m told you lived there. W: Oh, but I was really young at that time. Q: What does the woman mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He can speak French. B. He can read French books. C. He knows nothing about French. D. He knows both English and French. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Wow! You’re reading a French book. I didn’t know you can speak French. M: I don’t. I’m just looking at the pictures. Q: What does the man imply? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all. B. She couldn't believe that the news about James was true. C. She felt sorry for James' being caught cheating by teachers. D. She thought James shouldn't have cheated in the final exam. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Have you heard the news that James cheated in the final exam? W: He should be ashamed of what he did. Q: What’s the woman’s attitude? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The article was actually longer. B. The article was not good enough. C. His publishing career has just begun. D. He didn’t know his article was published. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Henry, your article in the campus newspaper was excellent. M: I only wish they had published the entire thing. Q: What can we learn from Henry’s response? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. In the mid-nineteenth century. B. In the late nineteenth century. C In the mid-eighteenth century. D. In the late eighteenth century. 12. A. Because Chinese cooks made it less spicy. B. Because Chop Suey was introduced in America. C Because Chinese food was altered to suit American tastes. D. Because Chinese immigrants had made themselves accepted. 13. A. It was first cooked to help miners get over cold weather. B. Some hungry miners requested a new dish to be served. C. A chef used the wrong recipes and produced it by chance. D. A chef created the dish from the leftovers for some miners. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 【解析】 【原文】Today, Chinese Americans make up less than 1% of the U.S. population, but roughly a third of all ethnic restaurants in the U.S. are “Chinese,” and every supermarket carries a line of “Chinese” food. It started with the gold rush of 1849. As thousands of Chinese streamed into California in search of gold, hundreds of thousands of Chinese migrated to the United States. By 1882, when Congress cut down on Chinese immigration, there were more than 300,000 Chinese nationals living on the West Coast. Most came from Guangdong Province. So most Chinese restaurants served Cantonese-style food. In Cantonese cuisine, very little goes to waste: nearly every part of an animal that can be eaten is used in one dish or another. Chinese cooks, however, quickly learned to modify their dishes to make them better received by a wider American audience. The result was a Chinese-American cuisine that looked and tasted Chinese, but was actually invented in the U.S. and was unknown in China. A good example of a Chinese-American dish is Chop Suey. No one knows for sure when it was invented, or how it got its name. It likely started in 1850 when a bunch of hungry miners made their way into a Chinese restaurant late at night and demanded to be fed. The chef just stirred all the remains he could find left over on the table into a big mess and served it. The miners loved it. When they asked what it was, the chef replied “chop suey,” which means “rubbish bits” in Cantonese. The dish remained virtually unheard of in China until after World War II. Today, it’s advertised as American cuisine. Well, what other contributions have immigrants made to American cuisine? Questions: When did Chinese food first catch on in America? Why did Americans come to accept Chinese food? What was the origin of Chop Suey, according to the passage? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. He was more intelligent than others. B. He had a closer touch with the river. C. He was quite ambitious at a young age. D. He was cut off from the outside world. 15. A. It is full of hopes and opportunities. B. It is well known for the poetic beauty. C. It is connected with poverty and hunger. D. It has a great reputation for its great poets. 16. A. It is something inherited from his ancestors. B. It reminds him of his childhood memories. C. It concerns his daily life in the village. D. It provides material for his writing. 【答案】14. C 15. C 16. D 【解析】 【原文】When I was young, I was ashamed to admit I came from a remote village, yet I lacked the courage to claim I was from a city. So I usually said simply that I came from an outlying township. Now I must tell the truth that I was born in an isolated village. Let me start from the banks of a humble river where my life began and which is the true source of my writing. My fellow villagers live in an environment completely cut off from the outside world. I know their lives only too well. If I had not had a distant dream from a very young age, I would have shared their fate. All my memories of a joyful childhood and the pains of growing up are intertwined with the river. She keeps all of my secrets. I cannot agree with people who praise the poetic beauty of the countryside. I cannot agree with them because I know, in reality, life in the countryside is all about poverty and hunger. Of course, I was blessed to be born in that remote village, and to spend my childhood by the clear river. Looking back at my path from the village gives rise to a complicated happiness. The river has played an important role in my childhood because it gave me a unique life experience as if it was preparing me for my literary journey. Whatever life has given me –– be in poverty, hunger, misfortune or tragedy –– for me, they are treasures. I will be forever grateful for, and feel blessed by, these treasures. Questions: 1. What distinguished the speaker from his fellow villagers? 2. What does the speaker think of the countryside? 3. Why is the river so important for the speaker? Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to answer the following questions. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Friends. B. Brother and sister. C. Husband and wife. D. Estate agent and customer. 18. A. The size of the garage. B. The color of the house. C. The design of the house. D. The number of the bedrooms. 19. A. The house has four bedrooms. B. All the bedrooms are very small. C. All the bedrooms are on the second floor. D. The master bedroom has an attached bathroom. 20. A. Look at more pictures of the house. B. Find out the problems that the house has. C. Go to have a look at the house personally. D. Call the agent and get the house right now. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【原文】W: The real estate agent called today. She said she had a house and wanted to show us around it. M: Did she give you the details? W: Yes, she said we could look at a few pictures of the house online. M: Let’s have a look. Is this the right website? W: Yes ... Oh, there we go. Wow! It’s beautiful! I love the design. M: I don’t really like the color of the house. W: We can paint it another color. M: All right. I like the size of the garage. We could probably hold both of our cars and still have room for a small workshop. W: And look at the yard! There are so many trees and flowers. And of course, there is plenty of room for our sons to play. M: Let’s see ... Here is a picture of the master bedroom. It’s a bit small, but it does have an attached bathroom, which I like. W: You’re right. It is a bit small. How about the other bedrooms? M: There are two other bedrooms on the same floor. It looks like there is an unfurnished basement as well. W: And the kitchen! I love the open kitchen! I love it! I think we should get it! M: Let’s take a look at it in person before we get too excited. You never know what problems it might have. W: That’s true. I’ll call the agent and see if we can take a look at it tomorrow. Questions： 17. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? 18. What is the man dissatisfied with? 19. What do we know about the bedrooms of the house? 20. What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation? II. Grammar and vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team, ____21____ (make) up of psychiatrists, internists, a nurse practitioner, a case manager, and a recovery coach, are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around _____22_____ the homeless live—in parks, under bridges, and on the outskirts of town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell _____23_____ usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask _____24_____ they are missing. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city, you know?” he said. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a prestigious oncology (肿瘤学) fellowship when his chief suggested he _____25_____ (take) what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care program for Boston’s homeless. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, one of the country’s _____26_____ (large) of its kind. “You realize, ‘You know what, I’m just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering, just _____27_____ I would as an oncologist,’” O’Connell said. “You could not find _____28_____ more grateful population.” And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” one remarked. “He’s like Jesus,” another added. When asked about _____29_____ his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid oncologist, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man _____30_____ gets everything from patients with nothing material to give. 【答案】21. made 22. where 23. himself 24. if##when 25. take 26. largest 27. as 28. a 29. how 30. who##that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Dr. Jim O'Connell致力于为波士顿无家可归者提供医疗关怀的故事，展现了他及其团队的工作内容、工作方式以及对这一事业的执着和奉献精神，同时也反映了社会问题和人道主义关怀。 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：O’Connell和他的团队，由精神科医生、内科医生、护士执业者、案例经理和康复教练组成，正在为此采取行动。本句谓语为are doing，此处为非谓语动词，且team与make up“组成”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。 【22题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他们整天在无家可归者生活的地方四处走动——在公园里、桥下以及城镇的边缘地带。本空引导宾语从句，作介词around的宾语，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 【23题详解】 考查代词。句意：在这些巡访中，O’Connell通常会看大约20个病人。本空用反身代词himself“他自己”，作O’Connell的同位语。故填himself。 【24题详解】 考查条件状语从句。句意：他知道他们中的大多数人睡在哪里，如果/当他们失踪了该问谁。此处表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句。或者此处表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填if或when。 【25题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：O’Connell曾就读于哈佛医学院，在即将获得一个有声望的肿瘤学奖学金时，他的上司建议他接受一个原本为期一年的职位，成为波士顿无家可归者新医疗计划的创始医师。suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形，should可省略，本空用动词原词take。故填take。 【26题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这变成了他在波士顿无家可归者健康关怀项目工作的33年职业生涯，这是美国同类项目中最大的之一。根据句意及one of the...可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，large的最高级为largest“最大的”。故填largest。 【27题详解】 考查方式状语从句。句意：O’Connell said说：“你意识到，‘你知道吗，我只是个医生。我所能做的就是了解你，减轻你的痛苦，就像我作为肿瘤学家所做的那样。’”此处需要一个连接词引导方式状语从句，表示“正如，如同”，应用as引导。故填as。 【28题详解】 考查冠词。句意：你找不到一个更感激的人群了。population在句中表示“人群”，为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个更感激的人群”，more是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 【29题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及如果他成为一名高薪肿瘤学家，他的生活可能会变成什么样子时，O’Connell说：“我再也不去想它了。”本空引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导。故填how。 【30题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：只要问问那个从物质上一无所有的病人那里得到一切的人就知道了。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the man，且关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导。故填who/that。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unavoidable B. trends C. profits D. influences AB. blends AC. dominant AD. evolved BC. symbolized BD. delicate CD. popularized ABC. defined Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is widespread in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is inherently (内在地) bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly _____31_____ girls’ identity with appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the extreme lack of imagination about girl’s lives and interests. Girls’ attraction to pink may seem _____32_____, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more male colour, a(n) _____33_____ version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations (暗示) of the Virgin Mary (圣母玛利亚) , constancy and faithfulness, _____34_____ femininity (女性化). It was not until the mid-1980s, when enlarged age and sex differences became a(n) _____35_____ children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what _____36_____ them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realized how profoundly marketing _____37_____ influenced our perception of what is natural to relatives, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Taking the toddler as an example, I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. It turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, that it was _____38_____ as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counseled (劝告) department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler” (学步的小孩) became a common shoppers’ term that it _____39_____ into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a safe way to boost ______40______. And one of the easiest ways to cut up a market is to magnify gender differences--or invent them where they did not previously exist. 【答案】31. AB 32. A 33. BD 34. BC 35. AC 36. ABC 37. B 38. CD 39. AD 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过探讨粉色与女性身份的关联，以及这一现象的历史变迁和社会营销因素，来论述社会对性别的刻板印象和市场策略如何影响公众对儿童发展和性别角色的认知。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：并不是说粉色本身就不好，但它是彩虹的一小片，尽管它可能以一种方式庆祝少女时代，但它也反复而坚定地将女孩的身份与外表融为一体。结合上下文可知，此处需要一个动词来描述粉色将女孩的身份与外表融为一体，blends为blend“融合”的第三人称单数，符合语境。故选AB。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：女孩对粉色的喜爱似乎是不可避免的，这在某种程度上根植于她们的DNA中，但美国研究副教授Jo Paoletti表示，事实并非如此。结合上下文，此处描述女孩喜欢粉色似乎是一种自然且无法避免的现象，形容词unavoidable“不可避免的”符合此意。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当育儿颜色被引入时，粉色实际上被认为是更男性化的颜色，是与力量相关的红色的一种柔和版本。此处需要一个形容词，修饰名词version“版本”，并符合历史背景中粉色曾被视作男性的描述，delicate“柔和的”符合这一特征。故选BD。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：蓝色让人联想到圣母玛利亚、坚贞和忠诚，象征着女性气质。根据句子结构，这里需要一个动词来说明蓝色与女性气质的关系，symbolized为symbolize“象征”的过去式，适合用来表达蓝色代表或象征女性特质的概念。故选BC。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：直到20世纪80年代中期，当扩大年龄和性别差异成为主要的儿童营销策略时，粉色才开始充分发挥作用，它开始对女孩产生内在的吸引力，至少在最初的关键几年里，粉色是将女孩定义为女性的一部分。此处需要一个形容词修饰children’s marketing strategy“儿童市场营销策略”，dominant“主导的”符合上下文，指这种策略变得重要且广泛。故选AC。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到20世纪80年代中期，当扩大年龄和性别差异成为主要的儿童营销策略时，粉色才开始充分发挥作用，它开始对女孩产生内在的吸引力，至少在最初的关键几年里，粉色是将女孩定义为女性的一部分。此句讲述粉色如何与女性身份关联，defines为define“定义”的第三人称单数，符合语境，表明粉色成为了定义女孩为女性的一个元素。故选ABC。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：我没有意识到，市场营销趋势会如此深刻地影响我们对亲人天性的看法，包括我们对他们心理发展的核心信念。结合句意，此处应填入一个名词，trends为trend“趋势”的复数，适合描述市场营销的方向性和影响力。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：事实证明，根据儿童消费主义的历史学家丹尼尔·库克的说法，它是在20世纪30年代被服装制造商作为一种营销手段而推广开来的。此处需要一个动词描述“toddler”概念是如何产生的，popularized为popularize“普及，推广”的过去式，符合语境，指这一概念被制造商推广成为一种营销策略。故选CD。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到“toddler”成为一个普通购物者的术语之后，它才演变成一个被广泛接受的发展阶段。此句讲述“toddler”这一概念如何发展成为被认可的阶段，evolved为evolve“演变”的过去式，适合此情境。故选AD。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：将孩子或成人分割成越来越小的类别已经被证明是提高利润的安全方法。结合上文提到的市场营销策略，此处应填入与商业成功相关的名词，profits为profot“利润”的复数，符合语境，指细分市场可以增加商家的利润。故选C。 III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for _____41_____ and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to _____42_____ situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. _____43_____, an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can _____44_____ takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR _____45_____ therapy. Researchers around the world have been ____46____ these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR _____47_____ of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be _____48_____, inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is _____49_____. While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of ______50______ in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help ______51______ both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a ______52______ place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters ______53______ that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, ______54______ health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to ______55______ its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 41. A. promotion B. complaint C. innovation D. trade 42. A. worsening B. improving C. relieving D. challenging 43. A. For example B. What’s more C. By contrast D. In conclusion 44. A. prevent B. experience C. postpone D. support 45. A. group B. standard C. exposure D. relaxation 46. A. testing B. adopting C. exporting D. transferring 47. A. maintenance B. intervention C. equipment D. defense 48. A. effective B. sensitive C. complex D. fair 49. A. scientific B. specific C. cultural D. diplomatic 50. A. anxiety B. shame C. endurance D. competition 51. A. bring B. address C. create D. face 52. A. secret B. safe C. quiet D. private 53. A. caution B. require C. protest D. explain 54. A. financial B. environmental C. digital D. public 55. A. widen B. close C. discover D. avoid 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，而这场革命的前线可能正在中国形成。它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。A. promotion促进，促销；B. complaint抱怨；C. innovation创新；D. trade贸易。根据下文“developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models”提到有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，由此可推知，此处应表示它的市场对创新开放。故选C项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实精神病学应用包括让患者沉浸在看似真实的模拟中，让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。A. worsening恶化；B. improving提高；C. relieving缓解；D. challenging挑战。 根据下文“and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses.”提到帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。由此可推知，此处应表示让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中。故选D项。 【43题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. For example例如；B. What’s more此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In conclusion总之。根据下文“an alcohol-addicted patient can sit…”具体陈述某一事例，可知，此处指的是具体举出的例子。故选A项。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. prevent阻止；B. experience体验；C. postpone延迟；D. support支持。根据下文“takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground”由此可知，此处应表示在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。故选B项。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种疗法可以产生快速而显著的效果：在一个案例中，一名计算高度的女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。A. group小组；B. standard标准；C. exposure暴露；D. relaxation放松。根据上文“VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain”提到让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，由此可知，此处应表示这名女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。故选C项。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术，并取得了可喜的结果。A. testing测试；B. adopting采纳；C. exporting出口；D. transferring转移。根据上文“Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses”提到虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，可知，这项技术现在并未正式投入运用，由此可推知，此处应表示：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术。故选A项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年3月，《美国医学会精神病学杂志》(JAMA Psychiatry)发表了一项研究，研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。A. maintenance维护，保养；B. intervention干预；C. equipment设备；D. defense防卫。根据句意以及上文“the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR”由此可知，此处应表示研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. complex复杂的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“inexpensive and well-received by patients.”由此可知，此处应表示这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。A. scientific科学上的；B. specific特别的，具体的；C. cultural文化上的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据下文“And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers”提到突破文化障碍，由此可知，此处应表示低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然许多国家都存在类似的偏见，但研究表明，在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻感尤其高。A. anxiety焦虑；B. shame羞耻；C. endurance忍耐；D. competition竞争。根据下文“it can help _____11_____ both caregiver shortages and shame.”由此可知，此处应表示在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻感尤其高。故选B项。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多心理健康VR的支持者认为，它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。A. bring带来；B. address解决；C. create创造；D. face面对。根据下文“Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people.”提到可以轻松扩展以满足许多人的需求，由此可知，此处应表示它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。故选B项。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为，虚拟现实治疗可以突破文化障碍，因为它们可以通过游戏般界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。A. secret秘密地；B. safe安全的；C. quiet安静的；D. private私人的。根据句意以及下文“such as at home.”由此可知，此处应表示虚拟现实治疗可以通过游戏般的界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。A. caution警告；B. require要求；C. protest抗议；D. explain解释。根据上文“Even”一词，以及下文“that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.”由此可知，从此处应表示即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，由于对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。A. financial财政的；B. environmental环境的；C. digital数字的；D. public公众的。根据上文“with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care”提到对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，结合各个选项意思由此可推知，此处应表示数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这样做，中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。A. widen拓宽；B. close缩小；C. discover发现；D. avoid避免。根据上文“and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空).”提到VR有望填补这一空白，以及下文“its treatment gap”由此可知，此处应表示中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh? The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob on weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? Why couldn’t each verb be a tiny sparkling gem in its own right? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting - we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. What’s more, readers may not initially imagine a particular line being “sobbed.” When we reach the end of a sentence and find out our leading lady has actually sobbed instead of whispered, it pulls us right out of the story. We pause. We reread the line. We adjust our understanding and begin again. But that wonderful momentum when we’re fully immersed in the scene, holding our breath to find out what our heroine says next, is lost. Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind and not a scrap more. Readers need believable dialogue. They need voices so compelling that they pop right off the page and into our ears. And if you’ve created dynamic characters who speak words we can really hear you will never need to tell us how something was said. Senior Editor 56. According to the Senior Editor, the beginner writers are tempted to __________. A. replace a dull “said” with exciting verbs B. omit what the character said in a dialogue C. resist the warning against strong emotions D. overuse the word “said” in their submissions 57. The Senior Editor compares dialogue tags to __________. A. glorious diamonds B. heaps of rocks C. tiny, sparkling gems D. Broadway play lighting 58. What can be inferred about the dialogue in a novel? A. The dialogue tag “say” can help keep readers immersed in the plot. B. A dialogue tag indicates a character’s way of speech is part of narration. C. Writers should state in the dialogue whether the character sobbed or whispered. D. Readers are advised to imagine the scene after rereading the line in a dialogue. 59. The writer most probably agrees that __________. A. dynamic characters’ voices are quoted from people’s exact words in real life B. creative dialogue tags play a vital role in building a realistic fictional world C. the more materials a work fiction contains, the more successful it is D. what was said should be prioritised over how it was said 【答案】56. A 57. D 58. A 59. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为在文学作品中对话方式并不应做过多的描述，而是应该注重对话的内容描写。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose.”(我们总是被鼓励在散文中使用有力的、可操作的动词。)和倒第二句“Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said?”(为什么我们不能用激动人心的动词代替温和乏味的“说”呢？)可知，初学写作的人很容易用激动人心的动词来代替枯燥的“说”。故选A。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句中的“Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play”(对话标签类似于百老汇戏剧中的灯光)可知，这位高级编辑将对话标签与百老汇戏剧灯光进行比较。故选D。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段前两句“A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such.”(对话标签仅仅是叙述过程中的路标，轻轻地表明谁说了什么。这是故事经历的一部分，但它不是故事本身的一部分。)和第九段前两句“Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind and not a scrap more. Readers need believable dialogue.”(创作一部成功的小说，就是给读者提供他们在脑海中构建虚构世界所需的所有材料，而不是一堆废品。读者需要可信的对话。)可知，对话标签“说”可以帮助读者沉浸在故事情节中。故选A。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence.”(对话标签永远不应该是任何句子中的钻石。)和第六段“Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting - we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room.”(朋友们，对话是你的钻石。当我们阅读你的作品时，你的对话应该是如此明亮，如此闪亮，如此逼真，如此真实，以至于我们的大脑“听到”每一行，而不仅仅是阅读它。我们不需要被告知一个角色在大喊大叫——我们可以从他们吐出话语的方式、握紧的拳头或来自房间的风暴中感受到。)可知，作者最有可能认同“说话的内容应该优先于说话的方式”的观点。故选D。 B Books by Economist writers More. By Philip Coggan. Hachette; 496 pages; $34. Profile Books; ￡25 A history of the global economy by our Bartleby Columnist. Covering the development of key sectors such as manufacturing and energy production, it shows how links between people and countries have allowed individuals to grow not just more prosperous, but taller and stronger, and to live longer and have more choice in how they run their lives. A “brilliant survey”, thought the Times; a “fantastic sweep”, reckoned the Financial Times. Coveted. By Melanie Grant. Phaidon; 208 pages; $89.95 and ￡69.95 When, asks the picture and luxury editor of 1843, does jewelry make the leap from fashion accessory to art? Her richly illustrated profiles of leading designers range from Faberge’s and Cartier’s links to Art Nouveau and Art Deco, to the collaboration between Georg Jensen, a Scandinavian brand, with the architect Zaha Hadid. The New York Times said “the book showed the complexity, power and artistic impact of great design.” Independence Square. By A. D. Miller. Pegasus Books; 228 pages; $25.95. Harvill Secker; ￡14.99 A nation’s future, and a man’s fate, hang in the balance in this novel of revolution and betrayal. Set between an icy unheaval in Kyiv and a London summer, it stars a sly oligarch, an idealistic young activist and a disgraced British diplomat. “Utterly gripping,” said the Observer, “a novel with its finger on the pulse of geopolitics that still manages to move deeply.” The Spectator called it “a searing indictment of our times”. Unconventional Wisdom. Edited by Tom Stand-age. Economist Books; 272 pages; $11.99. Profile Books; ￡8.99 A compendium of our explainer articles and daily charts, which spell out how much a ghost reduces a house’s value, how pregnancy makes people more law-abiding and why friends prefer sloppily wrapped Christmas gifts. Compiled by one of our deputy editors. The Best. By Tim Wig-more and Mark Williams. Moblus; 256 pages; $24.95. Nicholas Brealey; ￡20 A contributor on sport and his co-author cover topics such as why younger siblings have more chance of becoming elite sportsmen, why mid-sized towns produce the most champions and the science of performance. They draw on interviews with Marcus Rash-ford, Pete Sampras and Steph Curry, among others. “Excellent”, said the Australian. The Classical School. By Callum Williams. Hachette; 288 pages; $16.99. Profile Books; ￡20 A high-speed history of Western economic thought, by our senior economics writer, told in the form of 20 biographies. Alongside household names such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, there are chapters on lesser-known figures such as Harriet Martineau and Dadabhai Naoroji. The Times called it a “brisk, absorbing and entertaining history lesson” with “an engaging cast of characters” that “leaves you a lot wiser”. The Wake-Up Call. By Adrian Woold-ridge and John Micklethwait. HarperVia; 176 pages; $18. Short Books; ￡9.99 The pandemic, say our political editor and Bloom-berg’s editor-in-chief, proves that government is not just a diversion for politicians but a matter of life and death. The poor performance of Western democracies, particularly America and Britain, shows how far they have fallen behind the Far East, notably China. “A shot in the arm,” said the Financial Times. “Full marks for sounding the alarm,” said the Times Literary Supplement. 60. Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. More is a detailed survey of individual opinions about how global economy has developed through the links between people and countries so far. B. All of the books are originally written by the writer(s) listed after the name of the book. C. Independence Square is a novel, which describes historical issues in different cities such as Kyiv and London through the life of individuals. D. According to The Wake-Up Call, the pandemic serves as an alarm for western democracies to reflect on the role of a government. 61. If you are interested in reading stories of famous people and getting wisdom, the best choice for you is ________. A. Coveted B. Unconventional Wisdom C. The Best D. The Classical School 62. Which one of the following topics is not included in these books? A. economics B. arts C. sports D. geography 【答案】60. D 61. D 62. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是经济学家作家写的几本书。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Wake-Up Call部分的“The pandemic, say our political editor and Bloom-berg’s editor-in-chief, proves that government is not just a diversion for politicians but a matter of life and death. The poor performance of Western democracies, particularly America and Britain, shows how far they have fallen behind the Far East, notably China.(我们的政治编辑和彭博社的总编说，疫情证明政府不只是政客的消遣，而是一个生死攸关的问题。西方民主国家(尤其是美国和英国)的糟糕表现表明，他们已经远远落后于远东国家，尤其是中国。)”可知，根据The Wake-Up Call这本书所写，大流行给西方民主国家敲响了警钟，让他们反思政府的作用。故选D。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Classical School部分的“Alongside household names such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, there are chapters on lesser-known figures such as Harriet Martineau and Dadabhai Naoroji.(除了亚当•斯密(Adam Smith)和约翰•斯图亚特•密尔(John Stuart Mill)等家喻户晓的名字外，书中还有一些章节介绍了哈里特•马蒂诺(Harriet Martineau)和达达巴海•娜罗吉(Dadabhai Naoroji)等不太知名的人物。)”可知，如果你对阅读名人故事和获得智慧感兴趣，最好的选择是The Classical School，故选D。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据More部分的“A history of the global economy by our Bartleby Columnist.(我们的专栏作家巴特比所写的全球经济的历史。)”可知，More是关于经济的；根据Coveted部分的“The New York Times said "the book showed “the complexity, power and artistic impact of great design.”(《纽约时报》称，“这本书展示了伟大设计的复杂性、力量和艺术影响力。”)”可知，Coveted这本书是关于艺术的；根据The Best部分的“A contributor on sport and his co-author cover topics such as why younger siblings have more chance of becoming elite sportsmen, why mid-sized towns produce the most champions and the science of performance.(一位体育撰稿人和他的合著者讨论了一些话题，比如为什么弟弟妹妹更有可能成为精英运动员，为什么中等规模的城镇产生了最多的冠军，以及表现的科学。)”可知，The Best这本书是关于体育的，因此这几本书里不包括地理这个话题，故选D。 C Animal products could produce electricity, one British power company warns — and to give consumers a choice, it's offering what it calls the world’s first vegan electricity. Ecotricity, a renewable energy provider in the U.K., announced its electricity and gas would be certified vegan after it claimed half of British homes are powered by electricity made from animal byproducts. Company founder Dale Vince accused companies that consider themselves “ethical” or “green” of keeping consumers in the dark about their “secret ingredient.” “We need clear labeling of energy sourcing so that people can make informed choices,” he said in a statement. The company offers “vegan energy” in wind and solar power, and it’s developing “sea power” produced by wave oscillation and marine currents. None of Ecotricity’s electrical sources contains animal byproducts that the company knew of before it made the announcement, but it registered with the Vegan Society to certify its green status. Though not widely disclosed, it’s fairly common for power companies to derive electricity from animals through anaerobic digestion (厌氧消化). Animal waste is generally considered a clean, renewable energy source. Turning manure into fuel eliminates a sizeable chunk of carbon pollution and lessens power companies’ reliance on “dirtier” fossil fuels like coal and oil. Plus, animals provide a limitless supply of waste, while Earth’s natural gas stores are finite, so crackers wouldn’t need to drill into rock to extract it. Cows are pictured at a Wagyu cattle breeding center in June in Petit-Mars, France. A U.K. energy company announced the first “vegan electricity” after warning consumers about animal byproducts in energy production. After anaerobic digestion, farmers can use the liquid remains of the manure as fertilizer and make chips for animal bedding from the solid leftovers, chemical engineer David Simakov told Popular Science. “We are talking about producing the amount of renewable natural gas enough to heat thousands of homes from just a single large landfill site,” he said. “We need to stop pumping carbon from underground into the atmosphere and start caring about introducing more and more renewable energy to make our lives more sustainable.” Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the U.S., according to the Energy Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80 percent of the country’s electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic digestion is still more expensive than traditional sources of energy. 63. According to Dale Vince, ____________________. A. it’s necessary for consumers to know how electricity is produced B. people don’t need to make choices of whether to use vegan electricity C. vegan electricity and gas shouldn’t use animal byproducts D. it’s not certain whether Ecotricity has used animal byproducts 64. In Paragraph 2, “secret ingredient” refers to ___________________. A. an energy provider B. vegan energy C. animal waste D. energy labelling 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. It’s forbidden to get exploited natural gas since it is limited. B. Clean energy may not replace fossil fuels to be used by families. C. Power companies can rely on animal waste to produce clean energy. D. The waste of cows is first used to produce clean energy in the world. 66. What does the author think of clean energy? A. It has been a mainstream. B. It has a promising future. C. Consumers tend to use more clean energy now. D. Its producing cost has decreased its popularity. 【答案】63. A 64. C 65. B 66. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了一家英国可再生能源供应商Ecotricity推出的全球首个“vegan electricity”，并讨论了能源生产中动物副产品的问题，以及厌氧消化在能源生产中的应用。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Company founder Dale Vince accused companies that consider themselves “ethical” or “green” of keeping consumers in the dark about their “secret ingredient.” “We need clear labeling of energy sourcing so that people can make informed choices,” he said in a statement.(公司创始人Dale Vince指责那些自认为“合乎道德”或“绿色”的公司向消费者隐瞒他们的“秘密成分”。“我们需要清晰的能源来源标签，这样人们才能做出明智的选择，”他在一份声明中说)”可知，Dale Vince认为，消费者有必要了解电是如何产生的。故选A项。 【64题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“We need clear labeling of energy sourcing so that people can make informed choices(我们需要清晰能源来源标签，这样人们才能做出明智的选择)”可知，secret ingredient指的是能源来源，再根据第四段“Though not widely disclosed, it’s fairly common for power companies to derive electricity from animals through anaerobic digestion (厌氧消化). Animal waste is generally considered a clean, renewable energy source. Turning manure into fuel eliminates a sizeable chunk of carbon pollution and lessens power companies’ reliance on “dirtier” fossil fuels like coal and oil. Plus, animals provide a limitless supply of waste, while Earth’s natural gas stores are finite, so crackers wouldn’t need to drill into rock to extract it.(尽管没有广泛披露，但电力公司利用厌氧消化技术从动物身上获取电能是相当普遍的。动物粪便通常被视为一种清洁、可再生的能源。将粪便转化为燃料可以消除大量的碳污染，并减少电力公司对煤炭和石油等“较脏”化石燃料的依赖。此外，动物粪便的供应是无限的，而地球的天然气储量是有限的，因此压裂人员不需要钻探岩石来提取天然气)”可知，Ecotricity的能源来源是动物粪便。故选C项。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the U.S., according to the Energy Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80 percent of the country’s electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic digestion is still more expensive than traditional sources of energy.(根据美国能源情报署的数据，可再生能源仅占美国能源消耗的11%。化石燃料和核能提供了该国80%以上的电力，而且这种情况不太可能改变：像其他清洁能源一样，厌氧消化仍然比传统能源更昂贵)”可推知，清洁能源可能不会取代家庭使用的化石燃料，因为比传统能源更昂贵。故选B项。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the U.S., according to the Energy Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80 percent of the country’s electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic digestion is still more expensive than traditional sources of energy.(根据美国能源情报署的数据，可再生能源仅占美国能源消耗的11%。化石燃料和核能提供了该国80%以上的电力，而且这种情况不太可能改变：像其他清洁能源一样，厌氧消化仍然比传统能源更昂贵)”可推知，清洁能源的生产成本降低了它的知名度。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Many of our most worrying problems, from overeating to not saving enough for retirement to not working out enough have something in common: lack of self-control. Self-control is what gives us the capacity to say no to choices that are immediately satisfying but costly in the long term — that a piece of chocolate cake (instead of an apple), that afternoon in front of the couch (instead of a visit to the gym). ___________67___________ The problem of self-control has puzzled psychologists and behavioral scientists for decades. A great deal of research has identified situations in which self-control failures are likely to happen and tools to help people exercise better control. ___________68___________ These motivating incentives can increase our self-control, at least up to a point. Entrepreneurs have also become interested in self-control, as is evident from the many diet and exercise apps and gadgets on the market. To take one notable example, on the commitment contract website stickK.com, users put down some money (say, $200) and state a goal they want to achieve (such as to lose ten pounds in a month). ___________69___________ If they meet their goal, they earn their money back. If they don’t, they lose the money. Tools like stickK.com can be effective, but they are often difficult to implement. My colleagues and I conducted a new research to point to a different solution that may be easier to carry out: using rituals. ___________70___________ Players in all sorts of sports have rituals that involve actions such as eating the same foods in exactly the same order before a game. From the way some prepare their coffee to the way people celebrate important life events, like weddings or graduations, rituals are a part of our daily life. And though they may seem useless, or even silly, research has found that rituals are powerful. A. They have to point out someone to monitor them and ensure they reach the goal or donate the money. B. Despite our best intentions, we often fail to meet our goals. C. Rituals are series of steps we take while attaching some kind of symbolic meaning. D. In the past, my colleagues and I have found that rituals reduce anxiety before stressful tasks, and improve performance. E. They also need to state what will happen to the money if they don’t stick to their commitments (e.g., it’ll go to a friend or to a charity they do not like). F. For instance, research has found that people persist for longer on tasks that require self-control when they know they’ll be paid for their efforts, or when they are told that their work will benefit others. 【答案】67. B 68. F 69. E 70. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。缺乏自制力往往让我们无法达成目标，文章对如何提高自制力进行了一些介绍。 【67题详解】 根据前文“Many of our most worrying problems, from overeating to not saving enough for retirement to not working out enough have something in common: lack of self-control. Self-control is what gives us the capacity to say no to choices that are immediately satisfying but costly in the long term — that a piece of chocolate cake (instead of an apple), that afternoon in front of the couch (instead of a visit to the gym). (我们最担心的问题，从暴饮暴食到没有足够的退休储蓄到没有足够的锻炼，都有一个共同点：缺乏自制力。自我控制是让我们有能力拒绝那些能让我们立刻感到满足，但从长远来看代价高昂的选择——一块巧克力蛋糕（而不是一个苹果），一个下午躺在沙发前（而不是去健身房）。)”可知，此处是讲缺乏自制力让我们往往无法达成目标，所以选项B“尽管我们的意愿是最好的，但我们经常无法实现我们的目标。”切合文意。故选B。 【68题详解】 根据后文“These motivating incentives can increase our self-control, at least up to a point. (这些激励可以提高我们的自制力，至少在一定程度上是这样。)”可知，此处是指有自制力的人往往很有动力点，所以选项F“例如，研究发现，当人们知道他们的努力会得到回报，或者当他们被告知他们的工作将使他人受益时，他们会坚持更长的时间来完成需要自我控制的任务。”切合文意。故选F。 【69题详解】 根据前文“To take one notable example, on the commitment contract website stickK.com, users put down some money (say, $200) and state a goal they want to achieve (such as to lose ten pounds in a month). (举一个著名的例子，在承诺合同网站stickK.com上，用户先投下一些钱（比如200美元），然后陈述一个他们想要实现的目标（比如一个月减掉10磅）。)”和后文“If they meet their goal, they earn their money back. If they don’t, they lose the money. (如果他们达到了目标，他们就能赚回自己的钱。如果他们不这样做，他们就会失去这笔钱。)”可知，此处是指用户需要陈述没有达成目标会受到的惩罚，所以选项E“他们还需要说明，如果他们不遵守承诺，这笔钱会怎么处理（例如，这笔钱会捐给他们不喜欢的朋友或慈善机构）。”切合文意。故选E。 【70题详解】 根据前文“My colleagues and I conducted a new research to point to a different solution that may be easier to carry out: using rituals. (我和我的同事进行了一项新的研究，指出了一个可能更容易实施的不同解决方案：使用仪式。)”和后文“Players in all sorts of sports have rituals that involve actions such as eating the same foods in exactly the same order before a game. (参加各种运动的运动员都有一些仪式，比如在比赛前按照完全相同的顺序吃同样的食物。)”可知，此处是介绍“仪式”是什么，所以选项C“仪式是我们采取的一系列步骤，同时附加某种象征意义。”切合文意。故选C。 第II 卷 I．Summary (10%) 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Picture this: you’re out to dinner with a friend who you know makes a lot more money than you do. When you open the menu, your heart sinks. There’s not a dish in sight that is less than $35, and even a soup is going to run you $18. You probably vow (发誓) to stick to dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner. However, this time, what if you just turned to your friend, closed the menu, and said, “Sorry, I have to be honest. I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else?” That’s the idea behind “loud budgeting”, a trend that could not only relieve you of the financial burden, but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally. The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his concept in an interview: simply put, loud budgeting is being honest about what you do and don’t want to spend money on. It’s not just a TikTok thing though. Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the trend. Nikolina Cuca, a financial advisor, says that she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients, causing them to spend beyond their means on luxury items. “There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means. This trend helps young people moderate spending by normalizing the idea of living within budgets.” Beyond just saving money, loud budgeting is also bringing people closer. Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family. By openly discussing money goals, people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations. As more people adopt this approach, it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Loud budgeting, which was introduced by a TikTok comedian, is a trend where people try to make ends meet, making them feel relieved both financially and emotionally. First, the trend can help the young to be accustomed to living within the budgets, not influenced by social media. Besides, it can also connect people by understanding each other’ finances. 58 words 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由抖音喜剧演员推出的“大声预算”是一种趋势，人们试图维持收支平衡，让他们在经济上和情感上都感到宽慰。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①That’s the idea behind “loud budgeting”, a trend that could not only relieve you of the financial burden, but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally. ②The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. ③It’s not just a TikTok thing though. Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the trend. ④Beyond just saving money, loud budgeting is also bringing people closer. Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family. 2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行整合，将第2、3两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Loud budgets, launched by Tiktok comedians, are a trend for people trying to make ends meet, making them feel relieved both financially and emotionally. First, this trend can help young people get used to living within a budget, unencumbered by social media. In addition, it can also connect people by knowing each other's financial situation. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Loud budgeting, which was introduced by a TikTok comedian, is a trend where people try to make ends meet, making them feel relieved both financially and emotionally.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。） [高分句型2]：Besides, it can also connect people by understanding each other’ finances.（运用了介词短语作方式状语。） II． Translation (15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致，祈使句和固定短语。“万一”是in case，其后跟that引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，可省略that，“电梯”是the elevator，“出故障”是be out of order，主语elevator是单数，be动词用is，“请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修”用祈使句，动词用原形，“发出警告”是give a warning，“并且”是and，“安排某人做某事”是arrange for sb. to do sth.，“机械师”是a mechanic，“维修”是repair，用it指代the elevator，作repair的宾语，因此整句话翻译为“In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it”。故答案为In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 73. 尽管市场上饮料品种丰富，但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(although) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Although there are various beverages in/on the market, I am still deeply fascinated by traditional Chinese tea culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句、固定短语、副词、形容词和名词。表示“尽管”用although，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；从句中：表示“有”用there be句型，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且结合“饮料品种丰富”可知，be动词用are；表示“各种各样的”用形容词various，作定语，修饰“饮料”beverage，饮料不止一种，应用名词复数形式，作主语；表示“市场上”用固定短语in/on the market。主句中：表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“着迷于”用be fascinated by，be动词用am；表示“还是，仍然”用副词still；表示“深深地”用副词deeply，作状语；表示“传统的”用形容词traditional，作定语，修饰“中国茶文化”Chinese tea culture。故翻译为Although there are various beverages in/on the market, I am still deeply fascinated by traditional Chinese tea culture. 74. 我们历时三年时间，开发了一款体育器材，既强身健体，又促进心理健康。(commit) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】We have committed three years to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“我们”应用代词we作主句的主语；表示“历时”应用动词commit，根据句意应用现在完成时have committed，作主句的谓语；表示“三年时间”应用three years，作主句的宾语；表示“开发了一款体育器材”应用不定式短语 to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment，作状语；表示“既强身健体，又促进心理健康”应用定语从句that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being修饰先行词equipment，其中关系代词that在从句中作主语指代先行词equipment，表示“强身健体，又促进心理健康”应用动词短语strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being，作并列的谓语和宾语。故翻译为：We have committed three years to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being. 75. 这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到经典的独特魅力。(launch) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, this century-old school has launched a series of ‘Classical Music in the Classroom’ activities, allowing more students to experience the unique charm of classics. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、动词、动词短语、非谓语动词好时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“近年来”应为介词短语In recent years作时间状语；表示“这所百年老校”应为名词短语this century-old school；表示“开展”为动词launch；表示“一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动”应为名词短语a series of ‘Classical Music in the Classroom’ activities；后接非谓语动词作状语，表示“允许某人做某事”应为动词短语allow sb to do sth；此处allow和逻辑主语this century-old school为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；表示“感受到经典的独特魅力”应为动词短语experience the unique charm of classics；结合句意和时间状语In recent years可知，该句应为现在完成时。故翻译为：In recent years, this century-old school has launched a series of ‘Classical Music in the Classroom’ activities, allowing more students to experience the unique charm of classics. III. Guided Writing (25%) 76. Directions: Write an English composition in no less than 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设现在学校要为高二学生多设置一节必修课，该课放在每周周五进行，现在向全校学生征询建议。作为一名即将高中毕业的学生，你会向学校提出怎样的课程建议呢？你的作文需包括以下内容： 1.你建议多设置怎样的一节必修课； 2.设置该课程的2-3个原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 A Proposal for an Additional Compulsory Course for High School Juniors As a student on the verge of graduating from high school, I believe that adding an additional compulsory course on Fridays for our second-year students would be beneficial. Specifically, I propose the introduction of a course focused on “Life Skills and Career Development.” The rationale behind this suggestion is threefold. Firstly, life skills are essential for our future success in both academic and professional fields. By acquiring practical skills such as time management, effective communication, and problem-solving, we can better prepare ourselves for the challenges that lie ahead. Secondly, career development guidance is crucial at this stage of our education. Understanding our interests, strengths, and potential career paths can help us make informed decisions about our future studies and jobs. Lastly, such a course would provide a valuable opportunity for us to engage in interactive and experiential learning, complementing the traditional classroom-based teaching methods. By introducing this new compulsory course, I believe our school can empower its students with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate their future with confidence and success. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就设置怎样一节必修课提出自己的看法和说明原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 获得：acquire→obtain 引入：introduce→bring in 赋予：empower→enable 重要的：crucial/essential→vital 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Secondly, career development guidance is crucial at this stage of our education. Understanding our interests, strengths, and potential career paths can help us make informed decisions about our future studies and jobs. 拓展句：Secondly, career development guidance is crucial at this stage of our education because understanding our interests, strengths, and potential career paths can help us make informed decisions about our future studies and jobs. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As a student on the verge of graduating from high school, I believe that adding an additional compulsory course on Fridays for our second-year students would be beneficial. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] By acquiring practical skills such as time management, effective communication, and problem-solving, we can better prepare ourselves for the challenges that lie ahead. (运用了动名词作宾语和that引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null 2024高三英语考试 满分：140分 I. Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. David. B. James. C. Peter. D. John. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Have a meeting. B. Travel to Beijing. C. Dine with Mr. Kim. D. Discuss their program. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Husband and wife. B. Father and daughter. C. Manager and secretary. D. Salesman and customer. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To write a program. B. To listen to a radio program. C. To read a book about radio. D. To talk about a radio program. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi. B. The woman is asking the man for help. C. The woman really likes taking buses. D. The woman's car has broken down. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He also thinks Tina looks great. B. He doesn’t agree with the woman. C. He doesn’t like Tina’s silver dress. D. He thinks Tina should get a new dress. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She moved to Washington when she was young. B. She will show the man around Washington. C. She will ask someone else to help the man. D. She can provide little useful information. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He can speak French. B. He can read French books. C. He knows nothing about French. D. He knows both English and French. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all. B. She couldn't believe that the news about James was true. C. She felt sorry for James' being caught cheating by teachers. D. She thought James shouldn't have cheated in the final exam. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The article was actually longer. B. The article was not good enough. C. His publishing career has just begun. D. He didn’t know his article was published. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. In the mid-nineteenth century. B. In the late nineteenth century. C. In the mid-eighteenth century. D. In the late eighteenth century. 12. A. Because Chinese cooks made it less spicy. B. Because Chop Suey was introduced in America. C. Because Chinese food was altered to suit American tastes. D. Because Chinese immigrants had made themselves accepted. 13. A. It was first cooked to help miners get over cold weather. B. Some hungry miners requested a new dish to be served. C. A chef used the wrong recipes and produced it by chance. D. A chef created the dish from the leftovers for some miners. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. He was more intelligent than others. B. He had a closer touch with the river. C. He was quite ambitious at a young age. D. He was cut off from the outside world. 15. A. It is full of hopes and opportunities. B. It is well known for the poetic beauty. C It is connected with poverty and hunger. D. It has a great reputation for its great poets. 16. A. It is something inherited from his ancestors. B. It reminds him of his childhood memories. C. It concerns his daily life in the village. D. It provides material for his writing. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to answer the following questions. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Friends. B. Brother and sister. C. Husband and wife. D. Estate agent and customer. 18. A. The size of the garage. B. The color of the house. C. The design of the house. D. The number of the bedrooms. 19. A. The house has four bedrooms. B. All the bedrooms are very small. C. All the bedrooms are on the second floor. D. The master bedroom has an attached bathroom. 20. A. Look at more pictures of the house. B. Find out the problems that the house has. C. Go to have a look at the house personally. D. Call the agent and get the house right now. II. Grammar and vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team, ____21____ (make) up of psychiatrists, internists, a nurse practitioner, a case manager, and a recovery coach, are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around _____22_____ the homeless live—in parks, under bridges, and on the outskirts of town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell _____23_____ usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask _____24_____ they are missing. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city, you know?” he said. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a prestigious oncology (肿瘤学) fellowship when his chief suggested he _____25_____ (take) what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care program for Boston’s homeless. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, one of the country’s _____26_____ (large) of its kind. “You realize, ‘You know what, I’m just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering, just _____27_____ I would as an oncologist,’” O’Connell said. “You could not find _____28_____ more grateful population.” And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” one remarked. “He’s like Jesus,” another added. When asked about _____29_____ his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid oncologist, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man _____30_____ gets everything from patients with nothing material to give. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unavoidable B. trends C. profits D. influences AB. blends AC. dominant AD. evolved BC. symbolized BD. delicate CD. popularized ABC. defined Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is widespread in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is inherently (内在地) bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly _____31_____ girls’ identity with appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the extreme lack of imagination about girl’s lives and interests. Girls’ attraction to pink may seem _____32_____, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more male colour, a(n) _____33_____ version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations (暗示) of the Virgin Mary (圣母玛利亚) , constancy and faithfulness, _____34_____ femininity (女性化). It was not until the mid-1980s, when enlarged age and sex differences became a(n) _____35_____ children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what _____36_____ them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realized how profoundly marketing _____37_____ influenced our perception of what is natural to relatives, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Taking the toddler as an example, I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. It turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, that it was _____38_____ as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counseled (劝告) department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler” (学步的小孩) became a common shoppers’ term that it _____39_____ into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a safe way to boost ______40______. And one of the easiest ways to cut up a market is to magnify gender differences--or invent them where they did not previously exist. III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for _____41_____ and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale. VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to _____42_____ situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional responses. _____43_____, an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too anxious to fly can _____44_____ takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-hour course of VR _____45_____ therapy. Researchers around the world have been ____46____ these technologies—with promising results. Through the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR _____47_____ of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to be _____48_____, inexpensive and well-received by patients. In China treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is _____49_____. While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric problems endure especially high levels of ______50______ in China. Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help ______51______ both caregiver shortages and shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a ______52______ place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home. Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters ______53______ that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking. Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, ______54______ health is booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to ______55______ its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care systems. 41. A. promotion B. complaint C. innovation D. trade 42. A. worsening B. improving C. relieving D. challenging 43. A. For example B. What’s more C. By contrast D. In conclusion 44. A. prevent B. experience C. postpone D. support 45. A. group B. standard C. exposure D. relaxation 46. A. testing B. adopting C. exporting D. transferring 47. A. maintenance B. intervention C. equipment D. defense 48. A. effective B. sensitive C. complex D. fair 49. A. scientific B. specific C. cultural D. diplomatic 50 A. anxiety B. shame C. endurance D. competition 51. A. bring B. address C. create D. face 52. A. secret B. safe C. quiet D. private 53. A. caution B. require C. protest D. explain 54. A. financial B. environmental C. digital D. public 55. A. widen B. close C. discover D. avoid Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh? The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob on weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? Why couldn’t each verb be a tiny sparkling gem in its own right? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting - we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. What’s more, readers may not initially imagine a particular line being “sobbed.” When we reach the end of a sentence and find out our leading lady has actually sobbed instead of whispered, it pulls us right out of the story. We pause. We reread the line. We adjust our understanding and begin again. But that wonderful momentum when we’re fully immersed in the scene, holding our breath to find out what our heroine says next, is lost. Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind and not a scrap more. Readers need believable dialogue. They need voices so compelling that they pop right off the page and into our ears. And if you’ve created dynamic characters who speak words we can really hear you will never need to tell us how something was said. Senior Editor 56. According to the Senior Editor, the beginner writers are tempted to __________. A. replace a dull “said” with exciting verbs B. omit what the character said in a dialogue C. resist the warning against strong emotions D. overuse the word “said” in their submissions 57. The Senior Editor compares dialogue tags to __________. A. glorious diamonds B. heaps of rocks C. tiny, sparkling gems D. Broadway play lighting 58. What can be inferred about the dialogue in a novel? A. The dialogue tag “say” can help keep readers immersed in the plot. B. A dialogue tag indicates a character’s way of speech is part of narration. C. Writers should state in the dialogue whether the character sobbed or whispered. D. Readers are advised to imagine the scene after rereading the line in a dialogue. 59. The writer most probably agrees that __________. A. dynamic characters’ voices are quoted from people’s exact words in real life B. creative dialogue tags play a vital role in building a realistic fictional world C. the more materials a work fiction contains, the more successful it is D. what was said should be prioritised over how it was said B Books by Economist writers More. By Philip Coggan. Hachette; 496 pages; $34. Profile Books; ￡25 A history of the global economy by our Bartleby Columnist. Covering the development of key sectors such as manufacturing and energy production, it shows how links between people and countries have allowed individuals to grow not just more prosperous, but taller and stronger, and to live longer and have more choice in how they run their lives. A “brilliant survey”, thought the Times; a “fantastic sweep”, reckoned the Financial Times. Coveted. By Melanie Grant. Phaidon; 208 pages; $89.95 and ￡69.95 When, asks the picture and luxury editor of 1843, does jewelry make the leap from fashion accessory to art? Her richly illustrated profiles of leading designers range from Faberge’s and Cartier’s links to Art Nouveau and Art Deco, to the collaboration between Georg Jensen, a Scandinavian brand, with the architect Zaha Hadid. The New York Times said “the book showed the complexity, power and artistic impact of great design.” Independence Square. By A. D. Miller. Pegasus Books; 228 pages; $25.95. Harvill Secker; ￡14.99 A nation’s future, and a man’s fate, hang in the balance in this novel of revolution and betrayal. Set between an icy unheaval in Kyiv and a London summer, it stars a sly oligarch, an idealistic young activist and a disgraced British diplomat. “Utterly gripping,” said the Observer, “a novel with its finger on the pulse of geopolitics that still manages to move deeply.” The Spectator called it “a searing indictment of our times”. Unconventional Wisdom. Edited by Tom Stand-age. Economist Books; 272 pages; $11.99. Profile Books; ￡8.99 A compendium of our explainer articles and daily charts, which spell out how much a ghost reduces a house’s value, how pregnancy makes people more law-abiding and why friends prefer sloppily wrapped Christmas gifts. Compiled by one of our deputy editors. The Best. By Tim Wig-more and Mark Williams. Moblus; 256 pages; $24.95. Nicholas Brealey; ￡20 A contributor on sport and his co-author cover topics such as why younger siblings have more chance of becoming elite sportsmen, why mid-sized towns produce the most champions and the science of performance. They draw on interviews with Marcus Rash-ford, Pete Sampras and Steph Curry, among others. “Excellent”, said the Australian. The Classical School. By Callum Williams. Hachette; 288 pages; $16.99. Profile Books; ￡20 A high-speed history of Western economic thought, by our senior economics writer, told in the form of 20 biographies. Alongside household names such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, there are chapters on lesser-known figures such as Harriet Martineau and Dadabhai Naoroji. The Times called it a “brisk, absorbing and entertaining history lesson” with “an engaging cast of characters” that “leaves you a lot wiser”. The Wake-Up Call. By Adrian Woold-ridge and John Micklethwait. HarperVia; 176 pages; $18. Short Books; ￡9.99 The pandemic, say our political editor and Bloom-berg’s editor-in-chief, proves that government is not just a diversion for politicians but a matter of life and death. The poor performance of Western democracies, particularly America and Britain, shows how far they have fallen behind the Far East, notably China. “A shot in the arm,” said the Financial Times. “Full marks for sounding the alarm,” said the Times Literary Supplement. 60. Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. More is a detailed survey of individual opinions about how global economy has developed through the links between people and countries so far. B. All of the books are originally written by the writer(s) listed after the name of the book. C. Independence Square is a novel, which describes historical issues in different cities such as Kyiv and London through the life of individuals. D. According to The Wake-Up Call, the pandemic serves as an alarm for western democracies to reflect on the role of a government. 61. If you are interested in reading stories of famous people and getting wisdom, the best choice for you is ________. A. Coveted B. Unconventional Wisdom C. The Best D. The Classical School 62. Which one of the following topics is not included in these books? A. economics B. arts C. sports D. geography C Animal products could produce electricity, one British power company warns — and to give consumers a choice, it's offering what it calls the world’s first vegan electricity. Ecotricity, a renewable energy provider in the U.K., announced its electricity and gas would be certified vegan after it claimed half of British homes are powered by electricity made from animal byproducts. Company founder Dale Vince accused companies that consider themselves “ethical” or “green” of keeping consumers in the dark about their “secret ingredient.” “We need clear labeling of energy sourcing so that people can make informed choices,” he said in a statement. The company offers “vegan energy” in wind and solar power, and it’s developing “sea power” produced by wave oscillation and marine currents. None of Ecotricity’s electrical sources contains animal byproducts that the company knew of before it made the announcement, but it registered with the Vegan Society to certify its green status. Though not widely disclosed, it’s fairly common for power companies to derive electricity from animals through anaerobic digestion (厌氧消化). Animal waste is generally considered a clean, renewable energy source. Turning manure into fuel eliminates a sizeable chunk of carbon pollution and lessens power companies’ reliance on “dirtier” fossil fuels like coal and oil. Plus, animals provide a limitless supply of waste, while Earth’s natural gas stores are finite, so crackers wouldn’t need to drill into rock to extract it. Cows are pictured at a Wagyu cattle breeding center in June in Petit-Mars, France. A U.K. energy company announced the first “vegan electricity” after warning consumers about animal byproducts in energy production. After anaerobic digestion, farmers can use the liquid remains of the manure as fertilizer and make chips for animal bedding from the solid leftovers, chemical engineer David Simakov told Popular Science. “We are talking about producing the amount of renewable natural gas enough to heat thousands of homes from just a single large landfill site,” he said. “We need to stop pumping carbon from underground into the atmosphere and start caring about introducing more and more renewable energy to make our lives more sustainable.” Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the U.S., according to the Energy Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80 percent of the country’s electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic digestion is still more expensive than traditional sources of energy. 63. According to Dale Vince ____________________. A. it’s necessary for consumers to know how electricity is produced B. people don’t need to make choices of whether to use vegan electricity C. vegan electricity and gas shouldn’t use animal byproducts D. it’s not certain whether Ecotricity has used animal byproducts 64. In Paragraph 2, “secret ingredient” refers to ___________________. A. an energy provider B. vegan energy C. animal waste D. energy labelling 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. It’s forbidden to get exploited natural gas since it is limited. B. Clean energy may not replace fossil fuels to be used by families. C. Power companies can rely on animal waste to produce clean energy. D. The waste of cows is first used to produce clean energy in the world. 66. What does the author think of clean energy? A. It has been a mainstream. B. It has a promising future. C. Consumers tend to use more clean energy now. D. Its producing cost has decreased its popularity. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Many of our most worrying problems, from overeating to not saving enough for retirement to not working out enough have something in common: lack of self-control. Self-control is what gives us the capacity to say no to choices that are immediately satisfying but costly in the long term — that a piece of chocolate cake (instead of an apple), that afternoon in front of the couch (instead of a visit to the gym). ___________67___________ The problem of self-control has puzzled psychologists and behavioral scientists for decades. A great deal of research has identified situations in which self-control failures are likely to happen and tools to help people exercise better control. ___________68___________ These motivating incentives can increase our self-control, at least up to a point. Entrepreneurs have also become interested in self-control, as is evident from the many diet and exercise apps and gadgets on the market. To take one notable example, on the commitment contract website stickK.com, users put down some money (say, $200) and state a goal they want to achieve (such as to lose ten pounds in a month). ___________69___________ If they meet their goal, they earn their money back. If they don’t, they lose the money. Tools like stickK.com can be effective, but they are often difficult to implement. My colleagues and I conducted a new research to point to a different solution that may be easier to carry out: using rituals. ___________70___________ Players in all sorts of sports have rituals that involve actions such as eating the same foods in exactly the same order before a game. From the way some prepare their coffee to the way people celebrate important life events, like weddings or graduations, rituals are a part of our daily life. And though they may seem useless, or even silly, research has found that rituals are powerful. A. They have to point out someone to monitor them and ensure they reach the goal or donate the money. B. Despite our best intentions, we often fail to meet our goals. C. Rituals are series of steps we take while attaching some kind of symbolic meaning. D. In the past, my colleagues and I have found that rituals reduce anxiety before stressful tasks, and improve performance. E. They also need to state what will happen to the money if they don’t stick to their commitments (e.g., it’ll go to a friend or to a charity they do not like). F. For instance, research has found that people persist for longer on tasks that require self-control when they know they’ll be paid for their efforts, or when they are told that their work will benefit others. 第II 卷 I．Summary (10%) 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Picture this: you’re out to dinner with a friend who you know makes a lot more money than you do. When you open the menu, your heart sinks. There’s not a dish in sight that is less than $35, and even a soup is going to run you $18. You probably vow (发誓) to stick to dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner. However, this time, what if you just turned to your friend, closed the menu, and said, “Sorry, I have to be honest. I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else?” That’s the idea behind “loud budgeting”, a trend that could not only relieve you of the financial burden, but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally. The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his concept in an interview: simply put, loud budgeting is being honest about what you do and don’t want to spend money on. It’s not just a TikTok thing though. Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the trend. Nikolina Cuca, a financial advisor, says that she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients, causing them to spend beyond their means on luxury items. “There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means. This trend helps young people moderate spending by normalizing the idea of living within budgets.” Beyond just saving money, loud budgeting is also bringing people closer. Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family. By openly discussing money goals, people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations. As more people adopt this approach, it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II． Translation (15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 73. 尽管市场上饮料品种丰富，但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(although) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 74. 我们历时三年时间，开发了一款体育器材，既强身健体，又促进心理健康。(commit) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 75. 这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到经典独特魅力。(launch) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ III. Guided Writing (25%) 76. Directions: Write an English composition in no less than 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设现在学校要为高二学生多设置一节必修课，该课放在每周周五进行，现在向全校学生征询建议。作为一名即将高中毕业的学生，你会向学校提出怎样的课程建议呢？你的作文需包括以下内容： 1.你建议多设置怎样的一节必修课； 2.设置该课程的2-3个原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$