暑假作业07 定语从句2（关系副词、介词+关系代词考点）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高一英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业07 定语从句2（关系副词、介词+关系代词考点） 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由的名词：the reason。 why 作原因状语 ＝for which 【名师指津】 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 ①He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。 ②I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。 ③I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。 ④I'm writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。 考点二 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若是表示人，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物，就只能用which。 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb. for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John, without whose help I couldn't have finished my task. 我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 一．单句语法填空 1．The reason ________ this traditional flatbread happening to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. 2．Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you'll notice small stands ________some crispy and delicious nang is sold. 3．The government has also introduced a new proposal in order to limit the amount of after-school education kids can attend, especially during holidays and festivals, ________ kids should be having fun. 二．单句语法填空 1．Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among ________ is Su. 2．Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies. 3．Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ________ contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch. 1. We’re just trying to reach a point _________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 2. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 3. I will never forget the months ________I spent with my cousin in Beijing. 4. People are living in an age ________many jobs are done on computer. 5. Do you know the reason _______Jim failed to come today? 6. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill. 【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. Do you still remember the days________ we studied together? 2. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together? 3. Is this the museum ______ you once worked? 4. Is this the museum ______ you once visited? 5. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday? 6. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday? 7. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A journey enriched with cuisine and culture As reported by China Tourism News, the combination of culture and tourism has inspired several cities in China to explore their cooking heritage while transforming food tours into cultural experiences. Recently the sharp increase in popularity of Zibo barbecue is a clear proof to this effort. Zibo, 1 (locate) in East China’s Shandong province, was not 2 (wide) known as a tourist destination. However, over the past three months, the industrial city’s delicious barbecue 3 (gain) large popularity and attracted a massive arrival of visitors who have turned it into a tourist hot spot. “I never expected Zibo barbecue 4 (become) so popular all of a sudden!” said Zhang Linlin, deputy director of the business management department at Shandong College of Tourism and Hospitality. “With the recent much publicity, many of my young colleagues have rushed to try 5 out. They all praised its great taste and reasonable price.” Zhang is researching the Zibo barbecue craze to identify sustainable strategies 6 can promote youth tourism and support the recovery of the tourism industry. China boasts a diverse range of cuisine, and 7 (region) throughout the country have been actively exploring the potential of food as a catalyst (催化剂) for tourism growth. Food plays a vital role in driving tourism spending and 8 (win) a traveler’s heart. Wu Liyun, an associate professor of a certain university, illustrated this point by reflecting 9 her own experience: “The attractive skewers (烤肉串) of Dujiangyan, the tasty Yimeng stir-fried chicken of Linyi and the pleasant grilled oysters (蚝) of Guangzhou were not only among the most memorable and important components of my plans, but they were the 10 (great) motivators for me to return,” Wu said. 二 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 In Japan, Chen Jianyi was a household name. He devoted his life to cooking and adapting the hot and spicy Chinese dish for Japanese 1 (customer). His career and life even inspired a Japanese artist 2 (create) Cooking Master Boy, a household cartoon 3 became a common childhood memory among the Japanese born in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1952, Chen’s father moved to Japan. Six years 4 (late), he opened the first Sichuan cuisine restaurant in Tokyo. Then he set up an “Institute of Chinese Cuisine” 5 the help of his wife. It has trained 15,000 chefs, 6 (make) a great contribution to the spread of Chinese food in Japan. In 1990, Chen took over the Sichuan restaurant at 7 age of 34 after his father’s death. He improved their family’s signature dish (招牌菜) even further to give it a “spicy and slightly sweet taste.” In a cooking competition in 1993, he broke a record and claimed the title of “First Chef of Chinese Food” in Japan. Sadly, chef Chen passed away in March, 2023. The news of his death made media headlines in Japan. 8 shows just how much the Japanese love the dish he cooked and Chinese cuisine, and how food culture 9 (play) an important role in promoting communication and 10 (culture) exchanges. 三 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was always complaining about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I ____1____ it strongly. On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very ____2____ at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me. He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no experience of how overwhelming it was when it ____3____ everything away in its way. “Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the ____4____ of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great ____5____ of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution of ____6____. The equatorial area that receives the most sunshine on earth ____7____ entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon the tropics would be even ____8____ while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would ____9____ from the world...” Ignorance made me____10____. I disliked wind only because it ruffled (吹乱) my hair. I hated rain merely because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon—something much more violent, something a thousand times more____11____ than wind or rain—was a(n) ____12____ to the existence of mankind. ____13____ no road on earth goes all the way on level ground, there’s no person in the world who can do whatever he pleases. Wrong as it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains. “____14____ typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The ____15____ will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth—he will be better aware of the world he lives in. 1. A. blamed B. refused C. fought D. punished 2. A. excited B. puzzled C. delighted D. encouraged 3. A. frightened B. washed C. swept D. swung 4. A. supply B. shortage C. waste D. amount 5. A. power B. resource C. source D. strength 6. A. time B. wealth C. energy D. warmth 7. A. moves B. relies C. keeps D. holds 8. A. better B. cooler C. hotter D. warmer 9. A. remove B. escape C. move D. disappear 10. A. shortsighted B. anxious C. frightened D. worried 11. A. frightening B. appealing C. disturbing D. exciting 12. A. success B. advantage C. lead D. must 13. A. As B. Since C. While D. When 14. A. What about B. How come C. Even if D. What if 15. A. answers B. theories C. complaints D. phenomena 四 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___1___. ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___2___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) ___3___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · ___4___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone ___5___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业07 定语从句2（关系副词、介词+关系代词考点） 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由的名词：the reason。 why 作原因状语 ＝for which 【名师指津】 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 ①He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。 ②I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。 ③I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。 ④I'm writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。 考点二 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若是表示人，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物，就只能用which。 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb. for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John, without whose help I couldn't have finished my task. 我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 一．单句语法填空 1．The reason ________ this traditional flatbread happening to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. 2．Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you'll notice small stands ________some crispy and delicious nang is sold. 3．The government has also introduced a new proposal in order to limit the amount of after-school education kids can attend, especially during holidays and festivals, ________ kids should be having fun. 1．答案与解析：why　考查定语从句。句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里的少数民族中流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，表示“由于这个原因”，应使用关系副词why引导该定语从句。 2．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。句意：在新疆，无论你走到哪里，无论是在天山的北边还是南边，你都会看到一些卖酥脆可口的馕的小摊。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stands，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词where引导该定语从句。 3．答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：政府还提出了一项新的建议，以限制孩子们可以参加的课外教育的数量，特别是在假期和节日期间，孩子们本应该享受乐趣。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是holidays and festivals，在从句中作时间状语，要用关系副词when引导。 二．单句语法填空 1．Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among ________ is Su. 2．Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies. 3．Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ________ contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch. 1．答案与解析：whom　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。又因此处先行词指人，故填whom。 2．答案与解析：whom　分析句子结构可知， “Nowadays...again”是一个完整的句子， 后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。该从句的先行词是people, 空前有some of , 故关系代词只能用whom。 3．答案与解析：which　句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本里有达尔文的“生命之树”素描。分析句子结构可知，空处指代“two of Charles Darwin's notebooks”，因此空后是“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，故填which。 1. We’re just trying to reach a point _________ both sides will sit down together and talk. where。先行词是抽象名词point，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。 2. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。 3. I will never forget the months ________I spent with my cousin in Beijing. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。 4. People are living in an age ________many jobs are done on computer. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。 5. Do you know the reason _______Jim failed to come today? why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。 6. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill. why; that。The reason why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因为……”。故答案是why; that。 【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. Do you still remember the days________ we studied together? 2. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together? 3. Is this the museum ______ you once worked? 4. Is this the museum ______ you once visited? 5. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday? 6. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday? 7. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. 【答案与解析】 1. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。 2. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。 3. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是to reduce。 4. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。 5. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是to reduce。 6. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。 7. which。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句，从句about暗示后面缺少宾语。故答案是which。 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A journey enriched with cuisine and culture As reported by China Tourism News, the combination of culture and tourism has inspired several cities in China to explore their cooking heritage while transforming food tours into cultural experiences. Recently the sharp increase in popularity of Zibo barbecue is a clear proof to this effort. Zibo, 1 (locate) in East China’s Shandong province, was not 2 (wide) known as a tourist destination. However, over the past three months, the industrial city’s delicious barbecue 3 (gain) large popularity and attracted a massive arrival of visitors who have turned it into a tourist hot spot. “I never expected Zibo barbecue 4 (become) so popular all of a sudden!” said Zhang Linlin, deputy director of the business management department at Shandong College of Tourism and Hospitality. “With the recent much publicity, many of my young colleagues have rushed to try 5 out. They all praised its great taste and reasonable price.” Zhang is researching the Zibo barbecue craze to identify sustainable strategies 6 can promote youth tourism and support the recovery of the tourism industry. China boasts a diverse range of cuisine, and 7 (region) throughout the country have been actively exploring the potential of food as a catalyst (催化剂) for tourism growth. Food plays a vital role in driving tourism spending and 8 (win) a traveler’s heart. Wu Liyun, an associate professor of a certain university, illustrated this point by reflecting 9 her own experience: “The attractive skewers (烤肉串) of Dujiangyan, the tasty Yimeng stir-fried chicken of Linyi and the pleasant grilled oysters (蚝) of Guangzhou were not only among the most memorable and important components of my plans, but they were the 10 (great) motivators for me to return,” Wu said. 1. located 2. widely 3. has gained 4. to become/to have become 5. it 6. that/which 7. regions 8. winning 9. on/upon 10. greatest 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。在中国后疫情时期，文化和旅游的结合，特别是饮食文化，积极有力地促进了国内旅游业的恢复和发展。 1. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：淄博位于中国东部的山东省，并不是一个广为人知的旅游胜地。分析句子可知，“　 (locate) in East China’s Shandong province”在句中为定语，修饰主语“Zibo”，短语：be located in“位于……”，可知，主语“Zibo”与动词“locate”为动宾关系，所以空处使用过去分词located，故填located。 2. 考查副词。句意同上。空处为状语修饰动词known，所以此处用副词widely。故填widely。 3. 考查时态和语态。句意：然而，在过去的三个月里，这个工业城市的美味烧烤广受欢迎，吸引了大量游客的到来，使它成为一个旅游热点。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“over the past three months”可知，空处的时态为现在完成时，主语“barbecue”为单数含义，与动词“gain”为主谓关系，所以语态用主动，助动词用has，故填has gained。 4. 考查不定式。句意：“我从来没有想到淄博烧烤突然变得如此受欢迎!”山东旅游与酒店学院工商管理部副主任张琳琳说。短语：expect sth. to do“期待做某事”，结合句中“so popular all of a sudden!”可知，空处可以用不定式的一般式to become，也可以用不定式的完成式to have become，表示动作已经发生。故填to become/have become。 5. 考查代词。句意：随着最近的大量宣传，我的许多年轻同事都急于尝试。根据前文“With the recent much publicity”及下文“They all praised its great taste and reasonable price. ”可知，淄博烧烤变得流行起来，所以此处指我的许多年轻同事都急于尝试淄博烧烤，因此此处用代词it指代Zebo barbecue，故填it。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：张琳正在研究淄博的烧烤热，以确定可持续的战略，以促进青年旅游和支持旅游业的复苏。分析句子可知，空处及其后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为“strategies”，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：中国拥有各种各样的美食，全国各地都在积极探索食品作为旅游业增长催化剂的潜力。本句为and连接的两个并列句，空处为第二个单句的主语，结合句中“throughout the country”可知，主语为复数含义，所以此处用名词复数regions，故填regions。 8. 考查非谓语。句意：食物在推动旅游消费和赢得游客的心方面起着至关重要的作用。根据句中“driving tourism spending and ”可知，空处与上文“driving”并列，作介词in的宾语，所以此处用winning，故填winning。 9. 考查介词。句意：北京第二外国语大学中国文化与旅游研究院副教授吴丽云通过自己的经历说明了这一点。短语：reflect on/upon“回忆；回顾”，故填on/upon。 10. 考查形容词最高级。句意：都江堰诱人的烤串、临沂美味的沂蒙炒鸡和广州美味的烤牡蛎，不仅是我计划中最难忘和最重要的组成部分，而且是我回来的最大动力。空处为定语修饰名词“motivation”，结合空前冠词“the”，所以此处用形容词的最高级greatest，故填greatest。 二 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 In Japan, Chen Jianyi was a household name. He devoted his life to cooking and adapting the hot and spicy Chinese dish for Japanese 1 (customer). His career and life even inspired a Japanese artist 2 (create) Cooking Master Boy, a household cartoon 3 became a common childhood memory among the Japanese born in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1952, Chen’s father moved to Japan. Six years 4 (late), he opened the first Sichuan cuisine restaurant in Tokyo. Then he set up an “Institute of Chinese Cuisine” 5 the help of his wife. It has trained 15,000 chefs, 6 (make) a great contribution to the spread of Chinese food in Japan. In 1990, Chen took over the Sichuan restaurant at 7 age of 34 after his father’s death. He improved their family’s signature dish (招牌菜) even further to give it a “spicy and slightly sweet taste.” In a cooking competition in 1993, he broke a record and claimed the title of “First Chef of Chinese Food” in Japan. Sadly, chef Chen passed away in March, 2023. The news of his death made media headlines in Japan. 8 shows just how much the Japanese love the dish he cooked and Chinese cuisine, and how food culture 9 (play) an important role in promoting communication and 10 (culture) exchanges. 1. customers 2. to create 3. which/that 4. later 5. with 6. making 7. the 8. It 9. has played 10. cultural 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了华裔厨师陈建一使中国美食在日本广泛传播的事情。 1. 考查名词的数。句意：他一生致力于为日本顾客烹饪和改良辛辣的中国菜。此处应用名词customer作宾语，为可数名词，前面无冠词，应用复数表示泛指，故填customers。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的职业生涯和生活甚至启发了一位日本艺术家创作了一部家喻户晓的卡通片《烹饪大师男孩》 ，这部卡通片成为了80年代和90年代出生的日本人共同的童年记忆。inspire sb. to do sth.固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to create。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：他的职业生涯和生活甚至启发了一位日本艺术家创作了一部家喻户晓的卡通片《烹饪大师男孩》 ，这部卡通片成为了80年代和90年代出生的日本人共同的童年记忆。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a household cartoon，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，故填which/that。 4. 考查副词。句意：6年后，他在东京开了第一家川菜馆。时间+later，表示“多久之后”，故填later。 5. 考查介词。句意：然后他在妻子的帮助下成立了“中国烹饪学院”。with the help of sb.固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”，故填with。 6. 考查现在分词。句意：这个学校培养了15，000多名厨师，对中国饮食在日本的传播做出了很大贡献。此空是现在分词做结果状语。故填making。 7. 考查冠词。句意：1990年，34岁的陈在父亲去世后接管了这家四川餐厅。at the age of固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”，故填the。 8. 考查代词。此空用代词it指代前面的名词The news of his death。另外用在句首，注意大写第一个字母。故填It。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：饮食文化如何在促进沟通和文化交流方面发挥重要作用。此空表示动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响，也可能持续到将来，符合现在完成时用法。故填has played。 10. 考查形容词。句意：它表明了日本人是多么热爱他烹饪的菜肴和中国菜，以及饮食文化如何在促进沟通和文化交流方面发挥了重要作用。此处应用形容词cultural作定语，修饰名词exchanges，故填cultural。 三 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was always complaining about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I ____1____ it strongly. On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very ____2____ at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me. He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no experience of how overwhelming it was when it ____3____ everything away in its way. “Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the ____4____ of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great ____5____ of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution of ____6____. The equatorial area that receives the most sunshine on earth ____7____ entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon the tropics would be even ____8____ while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would ____9____ from the world...” Ignorance made me____10____. I disliked wind only because it ruffled (吹乱) my hair. I hated rain merely because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon—something much more violent, something a thousand times more____11____ than wind or rain—was a(n) ____12____ to the existence of mankind. ____13____ no road on earth goes all the way on level ground, there’s no person in the world who can do whatever he pleases. Wrong as it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains. “____14____ typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The ____15____ will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth—he will be better aware of the world he lives in. 1. A. blamed B. refused C. fought D. punished 2. A. excited B. puzzled C. delighted D. encouraged 3. A. frightened B. washed C. swept D. swung 4. A. supply B. shortage C. waste D. amount 5. A. power B. resource C. source D. strength 6. A. time B. wealth C. energy D. warmth 7. A. moves B. relies C. keeps D. holds 8. A. better B. cooler C. hotter D. warmer 9. A. remove B. escape C. move D. disappear 10. A. shortsighted B. anxious C. frightened D. worried 11. A. frightening B. appealing C. disturbing D. exciting 12. A. success B. advantage C. lead D. must 13. A. As B. Since C. While D. When 14. A. What about B. How come C. Even if D. What if 15. A. answers B. theories C. complaints D. phenomena 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者总是抱怨风或雨，因为它们给自己造成了不便，直到作者听到气象学家解释台风的重要作用后，才意识到自己目光短浅，认识到台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。 1.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然刮风下雨并没有什么不正常的，但它给我的外出带来了不便，有时甚至造成了一种糟糕的气氛，所以我强烈地责怪它。A. blamed责备；B. refused拒绝；C. fought打架；D. punished惩罚。根据上文“it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere”可知糟糕的天气给作者带来了不便，因此作者责怪天气。故选A。 2.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个下雨天，我遇到一位气象学家，他对我因为下雨给我带来一点不便而大发雷霆很是不解。A. excited激动的；B. puzzled困惑的，不解的；C. delighted高兴的；D. encouraged受到鼓舞的。根据后文“at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me”结合后文气象学家解释下雨的作用，可知气象学家对于作者责备天气感到困惑。故选B。 3.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有经历过，当它把一切都卷走的时候，它是多么的势不可挡。A. frightened使害怕；B. washed清洗；C. swept清扫，席卷；D. swung摇摆。根据常识和后文“everything away in its way”可知，台风会把一切卷走，sweep away“一扫而空”。故选C。 4.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，淡水短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。A. supply供给；B. shortage缺乏；C. waste废物；D. amount数量。根据后文“fresh water will be more serious”可知没有台风，淡水的短缺会更严重。故选B。 5.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。A. power力量；B. resource资源；C. source来源；D. strength力量。根据后文“of water supply on earth”指台风是地球水供应的来源，应用source。故选C。 6.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。A. time时间；B. wealth财富；C. energy能量；D. warmth温暖，热量。结合后文提到没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷，可知没有台风，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。故选D。 7.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：地球上日照最多的赤道地区完全依靠台风来散热。A. moves移动；B. relies依靠；C. keeps保持；D. holds持有。根据地理知识和后文“entirely on typhoon to disperse heat”指赤道地区依靠台风散热，rely符合语境。故选B。 8.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷。A. better更好的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. hotter更热的；D. warmer更温暖的。根据后文“while the frigid zones much colder”可知热带更热，寒带更冷。故选C。 9.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果就是，温带将从世界上消失……A. remove去除；B. escape逃走；C. move移动；D. disappear消失。根据上文提到寒带更冷，热带更热和后文“from the world”可知，此处是指温带从世界上消失，disappear符合语境。故选D。 10.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无知使我目光短浅。A. shortsighted目光短浅的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. worried担心的。结合上文可知作者仅仅因为天气给自己造成了不便就责备天气，没有意识到下雨的重要作用，可见此处指无知使作者目光短浅。故选A。 11.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。A. frightening令人恐惧的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. exciting激动的。根据第一段中“I was always complaining about wind or rain.”可知作者本来抱怨刮风下雨，而台风是比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西。故选C。 12.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。A. success成功；B. advantage优势；C. lead领导；D. must必须的事物。根据后文“to the existence of mankind”以及上文介绍的台风的作用，可知台风是人类生存所必须的。故选D。 13.A【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：就像世界上没有一条路是平坦的一样，世界上也没有一个人可以随心所欲。A. As正如，像……一样；B. Since自从；C. While虽然；D. When当……时候。引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样”应用as。故选A。 14.D【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果台风全部消失了怎么办？A. What about怎么样；B. How come怎么会；C. Even if即使；D. What if假设……将会怎么样。根据后文“typhoon disappeared all together”可知是在假设台风如果全部消失会怎么样，what if符合语境。故选D。 15.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案会让他保持冷静，引导他更接近真理——他会更好地了解他所生活的世界。A. answers答案；B. theories理论；C. complaints投诉；D. phenomena现象。上文“typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?”提出了两个问题，所以此处是指问题的答案。故选A。 四 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___1___. ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___2___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) ___3___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · ___4___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone ___5___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. F 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 1.D【解析】上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。 2.E【解析】上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 3.G【解析】下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。 4.A【解析】分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。 5.F【解析】设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$