暑假作业06 定语从句1（关系代词考点）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高一英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业06 定语从句1（关系代词考点） 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 (一)who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 1.who和whom指人 (1)who在定语从句中作主语或宾语； (2) whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。 (3)在口语中可用who代替whom。 On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English, I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech in our English program at 7 pm on Friday.代表那些想在英语上取得进步的人，我真诚地邀请你周五晚上7点在我们的英语节目中发表演讲。 The student who/whom you talked to just now is my best friend. 你刚才谈话的那个学生是我最好的朋友。 2.whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格。即 whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名。 My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他走遍了全世界。 He lives in a house，whose window is broken. 他住在一所房子里，房子的窗户坏了。 (二)that/which/as引导的定语从句 1．只用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 (4)先行词既有人也有物时。 2．只用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时 David had a brain disease，which prevented him from walking or running like other children. 大卫患有脑部疾病，这使他不能像其他孩子一样行走或奔跑。 (2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。 (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时 A small percentage of students learn through reading books and looking through websites, which make up 18% and 12%.小部分学生通过阅读书籍和浏览网站来学习，分别占18%和12%。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思上 这一点 正如……，正像……的那样 She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料不及的。 She married again，as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。 单句语法填空 1．After each cycle of trading, companies ________ have leftover carbon allowances (限额) can sell them to others. 2．The letter was one of the earliest documents on record ________ mentioned tofu in the West. 3．What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activities ________ show athletic ability or strength. 4．The character “three” is shaped like a book, ________ represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 5．Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, ChopValue seeks to create one ________ transforms waste into a usable resource. 1.答案与解析：that/which　定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词companies，先行词指物，该空在定语从句中作主语，故应填that/which。 2.答案与解析：that　定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且因为先行词中含有形容词最高级，故空处只能填关系代词that。 3.答案与解析：which/that　定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示物的名词短语physical activities，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which/that。 4.答案与解析：which　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主语，指代主句“The character ‘three’ is shaped like a book”，故填which。 5.答案与解析：that　定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，且在从句中作主语，所以填that。one为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用which引导。 用关系代词that或which填空。 1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her. 2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work. 3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago. 4. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind. 5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen. 6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited. 7.Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy. 8.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 9.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___ ___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 10.Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. （短文改错） 【答案与解析】 1. that.the way在定语从句作方式状语，故填that。注意此时that可以省略。故答案是that。 2. that.限定词only是关键。故答案是that。 3. that.本句中that在定语从句充当表语。关系代词which不能指人。故答案是that。 4. that.先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是to reduce。 5. that.先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。 6. that.先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。 9. that/which.没有特别限定，二者都可以，在定语从句作主语。故答案是that/which。 7. that/which.考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。 8. that/which.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。 10. what改成that.这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。 单句改错或者填空 1.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun. 答案：what改为which。解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故what改为which。 2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 答案：which/that。解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 3.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 答案：that改为whose。考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。 4.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 答案：that。解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 5.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 答案：who。解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 6.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 答案：that/who。解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 7.（2021全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. 答案：what改为which。解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。 8.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 答案：where。解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须 把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, and it is the most populous city in 1  (center) China. It lies at the east of Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the Changjiang River and Han River. Consisting of the three towns, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is known 2  “thorough fares of nine provinces”; It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways 3  (pass) through the city. Now Wuhan 4  (recognize) as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of central China. The East Lake has a vast expanse of water,  5  is largest natural lake in Chinese cities and a famous national scenic spot. The Yellow Crane Tower is assumed 6 (build) first in approximately 220 AD. It has a strong historic culture with many poets writing pretty poems for it. Hot and Dry Noodles 7 (consist) of long freshly boiled noodles mixed with sesame paste. It is considered to be the 8 (typical) local food for breakfast. Duck’s Neck is  9  local version of this popular Chinese dish, made of duck necks and spices. Bean Pan (Doupi) is a popular local dish with a filling of egg, rice, beef, and beans, 10 (structure) like a pizza without enclosing edges. Soup dumpling (Tangbao) is a kind of dumpling with thin skin made of flour, steamed with very juicy meat inside. 1. central 2. as 3. passing 4. is recogniz/sed 5. which 6. to be built 7. consists 8. most typical 9. a 10. structurally 【导语】本文主要介绍武汉美食。位于九省通衢的武汉，有很多传统美食，这里主要讲的是豆皮、热干面和汤包。 1. central 考查形容词。设空处在China前，应该用形容词形式。故填central。 2. as 考查介词。be known as...是一个固定搭配，意为“作为......而出名”。故填as。 3. passing 考查现在分词。“with + n. + -ing”是一个固定结构，此处pass和前面的名词dozens of railways, roads and expressways是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词，表主动。故填passing。 4. is recogniz/sed 考查动词时态和语态。主语是Wuhan，表物，应该用被动。另外，根据整篇文章的时态，应该用现在时。故填is recogniz/sed。 5. which 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处为从句引导词，同时在从句中做主语，指the East Lake。故填which。 6. to be built 考查不定式被动形式。be assumed to do ...意为“被认为做......”。另外句子主语是表物的The Yellow Crane Tower，应该用被动形式。故填to be built。 7. consists 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态，这里应该用现在时。另外，句子主语是Hot and Dry Noodles，形式上是复数，但作为专有名词，应该被视为单数。故填consists。 8. most typical 考查形容词最高级。句意：热干面被认为是当地最典型的早餐。这里修饰名词。故填most typical。 9. a 考查不定冠词。a version of是固定短语，意为“......的一个版本”，此处可译为“......的一款/一个类型”。故填a。 10. structurally 考查副词。设空处在介词短语like a pizza前，应该用副词形式。故填structurally。 二 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chongqing Hot Pot is the most famous and favorite dish in Chongqing. Chongqing local people consider the hot pot a local specialty, 1 is noted for its peppery and hot taste, scalding yet fresh and tender. People gather around a small pot boiled with charcoal, electric or gas 2  (fill) with flavorful and nutritious soup base. You have a choice of spicy, pure and combo for the soup base. You can choose thin sliced raw variety meat, fish, various bean curd products and all kinds of vegetables 3  (boil) in the soup base. You then dip them in a little bowl of special sauce. Be careful since the spicy soup base is burning hot. First eaten by poor boatmen of the Yangtze River in Chongqing area and then spread westwards to the rest of Sichuan. Now it is  4  very popular local flavor and can be found at every corner of the city. There are a great 5  (vary) of hotpots, including Yueyang Hotpot, Four Tastes Hotpot, Yashan Hotpot and Fish Head Hotpot. If you are 6  (adventure) enough, you can basically cook anything with hot pot, e.g., pig’s brain and duck’s kidney. Chongqing people love their hotpot, 7 (especial) when the weather is steamy. The fire 8 (dance) under the pot, the heavily oiled and spiced soup being boiled with hazy steam, the people 9 (bath) in sweat. Although hotpot can be found wherever there are street vendors or small restaurants, Chongqing Hot Pot has the greatest variety and is known 10  its delicious soup base and dipping sauce. 1. which 2. filled 3. to be boiled 4. a 5. variety 6. adventurous 7. especially 8. dancing 9. are bathed 10. for 【导语】本文介绍的是重庆火锅。介绍了重庆火锅的做法、吃法和种类。 1. which 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处为从句引导词，同时在从句中做主语，指the hot pot。故填which。 2. filled 考查过去分词。此处用过去分词做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which is filled with flavorful and nutritious soup base。故填filled。 3. to be boiled 考查不定式被动形式。choose sth. to be done ...意为“选择......被做”。另外句子宾语是表物的thin sliced raw variety meat, fish, various bean curd products and all kinds of vegetables，应该用被动形式。故填to be built。 4. a 考查不定冠词。句意：“它是一种非常受欢迎的地方风味，在城市的每个角落都可以找到。”，此处译为“一种......口味”。故填a。 5. variety 考查名词。此空前有定冠词，后有介词，应该用名词形式。故填variety。 6. adventurous 考查形容词。设空处在be动词后，应该用形容词形式做表语。故填adventurous。 7. especially 考查副词。设空处在状语从句when the weather is steamy前，应该用副词形式。故填especially。 8. dancing 考查现在分词。“(with +) n. + -ing”是独立主格结构，此处dance和前面的名词the fire是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词，表主动。故填dancing。 9. are bathed 考查被动语态。主语是the people，表示“被汗浸透”，应该用被动形式。故填are bathed。 10. for 考查介词。be known for...是一个固定搭配，意为“因为......而出名”。故填for。 三 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ms. Salomon had only been working at Sainsbury’s for a year when she was diagnosed(诊断) with Alzheimer’s disease. Before that, she had been ____1____ to leave her job as a bookkeeper because she was becoming increasingly ____2____. Upon being informed of her diagnosis, ____3____, the Sainsbury’s staffers started doing all they could to make sure that Ms. Salomon felt comfortable and ____4____. For the next four years, Sainsbury’s did everything to keep Ms. Salomon on the team. They changed her ____5____; they stayed in ____6____ with her family so they could provide ____7____ on her condition at work; they ____28____ retrained her. When the disease progressed, Sainsbury’s even created an entirely ____9____ job for her as a “tote box cleaner”. In 2017, Ms. Salomon’s received a medical ____10____ that said her Alzheimer’s had progressed to the advanced stage, and she was ____11____ unemployable. Again, Sainsbury’s kept her on the team. Ms. Salomon’s ____12____ finally came to an end 6 months later, and though it was an emotional ____13____, she was also relieved. “There have been so many times Sainsbury’s could have let her ____14____,” Ms. Salomon’s son Doron said. “Instead, they have always ____15____ her, going above and beyond to make sure she’s happy and feeling valued. On a human level, they have shown sensitivity, kindness and care.” 1. A. warned B. allowed C. inspired D. forced 2. A. disorganized B. worried C. bad-tempered D. ill-mannered 3. A. meanwhile B. therefore C. however D. moreover 4. A. appreciated B. interested C. amazed D. connected 5. A. lifestyle B. hours C. diet D. attitude 6. A. harmony B. contact C. agreement D. cooperation 7. A. opinions B. suggestions C. instructions D. updates 8. A. rarely B. occasionally C. regularly D. temporarily 9. A. traditional B. new C. strange D. easy 10. A. assessment B. program C. paper D. certificate 11. A. made B. proved C. declared D. found 12. A. fortune B. adventure C. employment D. treatment 13. A. problem B. experience C. consequence D. departure 14. A. go B. survive C. work D. suffer 15. A. counted on B. stood by C. focused on D. dropped by 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 这是一篇记叙文，Salomon女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作一年时被诊断出阿尔兹海默症，超市不仅没有解雇Salomon女士，反而一直支持帮助她，展示了人性、善良和关爱。 1.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A. warned警告；B. allowed允许；C. inspired启发，鼓舞；D. forced强迫。结合语境及“because she was becoming increasingly ____2____ ”可知，被诊断为阿尔兹海默症后应是“被迫”辞去工作。故选D项。 2.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A. disorganized无条理的；B. worried担心的；C. bad-tempered脾气不好的；D. ill-mannered无礼的。结合语境可知，得了阿尔兹海默症后应是做事没有条理。故选A项。 3.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salomon女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A. meanwhile同时；B. therefore因此；C. however然而；D. moreover此外。根据“the Sainsbury’s staffers started doing all they could to make sure that Ms. Salomon felt comfortable”可知，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们得知Salomon女士患病后的做法与上文被辞退相反，故此处表示转折。故选C项。 4.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salomon女士感到舒适和得到赏识。A. appreciated赏识的，感激的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. amazed惊奇的；D. connected有联系的，相关的。根据下一句“ they ___ retrained her. When the disease progressed, Sainsbury’s even created an entirely____ job for her as a “tote box clecher”.(公司定期培训她。当她疾病恶化时，公司甚至给她创建一个工作岗位)”可知，公司为了让她感到舒适，让她在家工作；为了让她有工作，能够得到赏识，可以为她创建一个岗位。故选A项。 5.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们改变了她的工作时间。A. lifestyle生活方式；B. hours小时，（工作/办公等）固定时间；C. diet饮食；D. attitude态度。结合语境可知，Salomon女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作，所以此处指超市改变了她的工作时间，其他选项不符合语境。故选B项。 6.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A. harmony和谐；B. contact联系；C. agreement同意，一致；D. cooperation合作。结合“so they could provide ____7____ on her condition at work”可知，此处指超市与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她的最新情况。故选B项。 7.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A. opinions观点；B. suggestions建议；C. instructions指令，说明；D. updates更新，最新消息。结合语境可知，此处指提供她的最新情况。故选D项。 8.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们定期对她进行再培训。A. rarely很少；B. occasionally偶尔；C. regularly定期，有规律地；D. temporarily临时。结合语境可知，Salomon女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市应是“定期”给她反复培训。故选C项。 9.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当疾病恶化时，塞恩斯伯里超市甚至为她创造了一份全新的工作——“手提袋清洁工”。A. traditional传统的；B. new新的；C. strange奇怪的，陌生的；D. easy容易的。结合“When the disease progressed”可知，Salomon女士病情恶化，应是无法再胜任工作，所以超市善意地给她创造了一份“全新的”工作。故选B项。 10.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salomon女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A. assessment评估；B. program计划，项目；C. paper纸张；D. certificate证书。结合“her Alzheimer’s had progressed to the advanced stage”可知，应是对病情进行评估，才知道她的病情发展到了晚期。故选A项。 11.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salomon女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A. made使，让，制作；B. proved证明；C. declared宣布，声明；D. found发现。结合语境及“her Alzheimer’s had progressed to the advanced stage”可知，她病情到了晚期，“被宣布”没有工作能力了。故选C项。 12.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salomon女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A. fortune财富，运气；B. adventure冒险；C. employment工作，就业；D. treatment对待，治疗。结合上文“she was ____11____ unemployable”可知，此处指职业生涯结束。故选C项。 13.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salomon女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A. problem问题；B. experience经历，经验；C.consequence结果；D. departure离开。结合上一句中“came to an end”可知，此处指精神上的“离开”。故选D项。 14.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：塞恩斯伯里超市有很多次本可以让她走。A. go走；B. survive生存；C. work工作；D. suffer遭受。结合上文内容可知，Salomon女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市本可以让她走，故选A项。 15.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他们一直帮助她，竭尽全力确保她开心，并感到自己受到重视。A. counted on指望，依靠；B. stood by支持，帮助；C. focused on集中于；D. dropped by顺便拜访。结合上文超市员工的做法及空后“make sure she’s happy and feeling valued”可知，他们总是帮助她，故选B项。 四 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___1___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___2___. Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___3___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___4___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___5___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. C 4. G 5. B 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。 1.D【解析】根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。 2.F【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。 3.C【解析】根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。 4.G【解析】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。 5.B【解析】根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业06 定语从句1（关系代词考点） 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 (一)who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 1.who和whom指人 (1)who在定语从句中作主语或宾语； (2) whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。 (3)在口语中可用who代替whom。 On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English, I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech in our English program at 7 pm on Friday.代表那些想在英语上取得进步的人，我真诚地邀请你周五晚上7点在我们的英语节目中发表演讲。 The student who/whom you talked to just now is my best friend. 你刚才谈话的那个学生是我最好的朋友。 2.whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格。即 whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名。 My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他走遍了全世界。 He lives in a house，whose window is broken. 他住在一所房子里，房子的窗户坏了。 (二)that/which/as引导的定语从句 1．只用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 (4)先行词既有人也有物时。 2．只用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时 David had a brain disease，which prevented him from walking or running like other children. 大卫患有脑部疾病，这使他不能像其他孩子一样行走或奔跑。 (2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。 (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时 A small percentage of students learn through reading books and looking through websites, which make up 18% and 12%.小部分学生通过阅读书籍和浏览网站来学习，分别占18%和12%。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思上 这一点 正如……，正像……的那样 She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料不及的。 She married again，as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。 单句语法填空 1．After each cycle of trading, companies ________ have leftover carbon allowances (限额) can sell them to others. 2．The letter was one of the earliest documents on record ________ mentioned tofu in the West. 3．What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activities ________ show athletic ability or strength. 4．The character “three” is shaped like a book, ________ represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 5．Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, ChopValue seeks to create one ________ transforms waste into a usable resource. 用关系代词that或which填空。 1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her. 2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work. 3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago. 4. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind. 5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen. 6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited. 7.Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy. 8.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 9.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___ ___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 10.Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. （短文改错） 单句改错或者填空 1.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun. 2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 3.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 4.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 6.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 7.（2021全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. 8.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, and it is the most populous city in 1  (center) China. It lies at the east of Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the Changjiang River and Han River. Consisting of the three towns, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is known 2  “thorough fares of nine provinces”; It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways 3  (pass) through the city. Now Wuhan 4  (recognize) as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of central China. The East Lake has a vast expanse of water,  5  is largest natural lake in Chinese cities and a famous national scenic spot. The Yellow Crane Tower is assumed 6 (build) first in approximately 220 AD. It has a strong historic culture with many poets writing pretty poems for it. Hot and Dry Noodles 7 (consist) of long freshly boiled noodles mixed with sesame paste. It is considered to be the 8 (typical) local food for breakfast. Duck’s Neck is  9  local version of this popular Chinese dish, made of duck necks and spices. Bean Pan (Doupi) is a popular local dish with a filling of egg, rice, beef, and beans, 10 (structure) like a pizza without enclosing edges. Soup dumpling (Tangbao) is a kind of dumpling with thin skin made of flour, steamed with very juicy meat inside. 二 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chongqing Hot Pot is the most famous and favorite dish in Chongqing. Chongqing local people consider the hot pot a local specialty, 1 is noted for its peppery and hot taste, scalding yet fresh and tender. People gather around a small pot boiled with charcoal, electric or gas 2  (fill) with flavorful and nutritious soup base. You have a choice of spicy, pure and combo for the soup base. You can choose thin sliced raw variety meat, fish, various bean curd products and all kinds of vegetables 3  (boil) in the soup base. You then dip them in a little bowl of special sauce. Be careful since the spicy soup base is burning hot. First eaten by poor boatmen of the Yangtze River in Chongqing area and then spread westwards to the rest of Sichuan. Now it is  4  very popular local flavor and can be found at every corner of the city. There are a great 5  (vary) of hotpots, including Yueyang Hotpot, Four Tastes Hotpot, Yashan Hotpot and Fish Head Hotpot. If you are 6  (adventure) enough, you can basically cook anything with hot pot, e.g., pig’s brain and duck’s kidney. Chongqing people love their hotpot, 7 (especial) when the weather is steamy. The fire 8 (dance) under the pot, the heavily oiled and spiced soup being boiled with hazy steam, the people 9 (bath) in sweat. Although hotpot can be found wherever there are street vendors or small restaurants, Chongqing Hot Pot has the greatest variety and is known 10  its delicious soup base and dipping sauce. 三 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ms. Salomon had only been working at Sainsbury’s for a year when she was diagnosed(诊断) with Alzheimer’s disease. Before that, she had been ____1____ to leave her job as a bookkeeper because she was becoming increasingly ____2____. Upon being informed of her diagnosis, ____3____, the Sainsbury’s staffers started doing all they could to make sure that Ms. Salomon felt comfortable and ____4____. For the next four years, Sainsbury’s did everything to keep Ms. Salomon on the team. They changed her ____5____; they stayed in ____6____ with her family so they could provide ____7____ on her condition at work; they ____28____ retrained her. When the disease progressed, Sainsbury’s even created an entirely ____9____ job for her as a “tote box cleaner”. In 2017, Ms. Salomon’s received a medical ____10____ that said her Alzheimer’s had progressed to the advanced stage, and she was ____11____ unemployable. Again, Sainsbury’s kept her on the team. Ms. Salomon’s ____12____ finally came to an end 6 months later, and though it was an emotional ____13____, she was also relieved. “There have been so many times Sainsbury’s could have let her ____14____,” Ms. Salomon’s son Doron said. “Instead, they have always ____15____ her, going above and beyond to make sure she’s happy and feeling valued. On a human level, they have shown sensitivity, kindness and care.” 1. A. warned B. allowed C. inspired D. forced 2. A. disorganized B. worried C. bad-tempered D. ill-mannered 3. A. meanwhile B. therefore C. however D. moreover 4. A. appreciated B. interested C. amazed D. connected 5. A. lifestyle B. hours C. diet D. attitude 6. A. harmony B. contact C. agreement D. cooperation 7. A. opinions B. suggestions C. instructions D. updates 8. A. rarely B. occasionally C. regularly D. temporarily 9. A. traditional B. new C. strange D. easy 10. A. assessment B. program C. paper D. certificate 11. A. made B. proved C. declared D. found 12. A. fortune B. adventure C. employment D. treatment 13. A. problem B. experience C. consequence D. departure 14. A. go B. survive C. work D. suffer 15. A. counted on B. stood by C. focused on D. dropped by 四 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___1___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___2___. Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___3___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___4___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___5___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$