暑假作业05 非谓语动词3（v-ed考点）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高一英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业05 非谓语动词3（Ved考点） 过去分词作表语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ______ (connect). 2. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears. 1. connected。句意：对于那些家人离得很远的人来说，电脑和手机是保持联系的重要工具。stay是系动词，此处后面接形容词性过去分词connected作表语；connected 意思为“有联系的”。故填connected。 2. moving; moved。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是moving; moved。 过去分词作定语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词或代词.单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后置定语；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。 例1：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 例2：A number of roads have blocked by fallen trees because of the heavy rain. 例3：Many words associated with life in the West are Spanish. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. From the dates (mark) on the gold coin, we decided it was made five hundred years ago. 2. Can those / (sit/seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? 3. A team of scientists ______（lead）by a professor has found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. 1. marked。日期是被印在硬币上，故用过去分词短语作定语。故答案是marked。 2. sitting/seated。空格需要分词作定语，sit是不及物动词，be seated表示“坐好”。故答案是sitting/seated。 3. led。句意：由一位教授带领的一组科学家发现，帝王蝶能够辨别一天中的时间。mc scientists与lead之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。根据句意，故填led。 过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,用作观感使役类动词的宾补，如see, watch, hear, notice, have, make, leave, keep, find。 例1：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 例2：She couldn't make herself heard because of the traffic noise. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year. 2. She returned home, only to find the door open and a number of things (go/steal/miss/go/lose) 3. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes (fix) on the screen. 1. carried。定语从句含有see sth done句型。故答案是carried。 2. gone/stolen/missing/lost。be gone/stolen/missing/lost是固定词组，故答案是gone/stolen/missing/lost。 3. fixed。fix one’s eyes on sth表示“眼睛注视着”，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是fixed。 过去分词直接作状语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。 例1：Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 例2：Pressed from his parents, and realizing that he has little time left, the boy is determined to focus on his project. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 2._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 4. __________ (determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 1. Encouraged。encourage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Encouraged。 2. Having waited。wait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Having waited。 3. Determined。句意：下定决心戒烟了，他扔掉了还剩下的香烟。句中的threw可知，设空处应该填写非谓语动词。be determined to do sth.“下定决心做某事”，为固定搭配，此处作状语，省略be。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Determined。 “连词+过去分词” 构成状语从句省略用法 要点精讲：用于“连词+过去分词”结构，构成状语从句省略句式，表示从句谓语与句子主语之间的被动关系。 例1：Once married, Joe devoted her life to being a full-time homemaker.  例2：There are some health problems that, when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on. 例3：When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. When first ____________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 2. No matter how frequently (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 3. When____________(compare) cultures, we often focus on the differences without noticing the similarities. 1. introduced。状语从句谓语动词与句子主语之间构成被动关系。故答案是introduced。 2. performed。原句可以还原为No matter how frequently they are performed。故答案是performed。 3. comparing。从句谓语动词compare与句子主语之间构成逻辑上主动关系，故答案是comparing。 “be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语用法 要点精讲 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例1：The sun began to rise in the sky, bathed in the mountain in golden light. 例2：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (trap) in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and exhausted. 2. ________ (devote) to education, he went to the mountainous areas to teach. 3. ________ (expose) to a lot of new ideas when studying in college, Mary always does something that others can't understand. 1. Having been trapped/trapped。be trapped in表示“被困在……”，既是被动又已经发生。故答案是Having been trapped/trapped。 2. Devoted。句意：他致力于教育事业，到山区教书。此处为短语be devoted to，表示“致力于”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Devoted。 3. Exposed。句意：读大学时接触了许多新思想，Mary总是做一些他人无法理解的事情。词组be exposed to意为“被暴露于、使接触”。分析句子可知，“读大学时接触了许多新思想”是Mary做别人无法理解之事的原因，故用过去分词做原因状语。故填Exposed。 1. (2022全国乙卷) “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day… China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ____________ (share) future for mankind,” he said. 2. (2022全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 3. (2021北京卷)There is a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ____________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 4. (2021全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. 5. (2021新高考I卷)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us (astonish). 1. shared。考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。 2. held。考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。 3. caused。考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 4. educated。考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。 5. astonished。考查非谓语动词。。leave sb astonished此处说明“us”的状态，“使某人感到吃惊”。故填astonished。 一 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Several years ago, a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems, I ___1___ it up, thinking I’d get to it someday. Over the years, I had planned to upgrade to energy-efficient windows. But with the frame (窗框) rusted (锈) and firmly ___2___ in the foundation, whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand. It would be a ___3___ process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $15,000. It was simply ___4___. Honestly, the thought of that window ___5___ me for years. I knew I needed to fix it, but I had built up the ___6___ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again. Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost ___7___ to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on. I grabbed some rust remover, ___8___ it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily ___9___. I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have ___10___ the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years! ___11___, this isn’t just about my window. Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another. They are things that seriously affect our ___12___ of life. If you recognize your broken window, don’t ___13___ to mend it. It may turn out to be ___14___ than expected. Usually we suffer more in___15___ than in reality. 1. A. tore B. made C. boarded D. packed 2. A. lost B. stuck C. buried D. mixed 3. A. brain-burning B. labor-consuming C. energy-wasting D. risk-taking 4. A. in a mess B. beyond control C. at hand D. out of reach 5. A. went against B. relied on C. ate at D. appealed to 6 A. difficulty B. confidence C. confusion D. harm 7. A. shameful B. impossible C. pointless D. unfair 8. A. blew B. turned C. passed D. spread 9. A. broke B. fell C. moved D. missed 10. A. addressed B. ignored C. delayed D. considered 11. A. Luckily B. Consequently C. Unexpectedly D. Actually 12. A. quality B. pace C. way D. meaning 13. A. attempt B. guarantee C. hesitate D. pretend 14. A. easier B. tougher C. rarer D. worse 15. A. practice B. memory C. principle D. imagination 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者讲述了自己家的窗户被打破后，没有及时修理，但这个问题困扰他多年，最后发现只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，因此告诫人们要及时修补生活中的漏洞，否则会干扰你的生活。 1.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于经济原因，我用木板堵住被打破的窗户，打算以后再修。A. tore撕碎；B. made制作；C. boarded用木板盖上；D. packed打包。根据上句“a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems(一个邻居孩子踢球，打破了我家地下室的窗户。由于经济原因)”和下文“So I pulled off the boards(所以我拆下板子)”可知，窗户被打破了，由于经济原因，作者只好先用木板堵住。故选C。 2.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里。无论谁做都必须用手将其凿出来。A. lost失去；B. stuck卡住；C. buried埋葬；D. mixed混合的。根据下文“whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand”可知由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里，必须用手凿出来。故选B。 3.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那将是一个费力的过程，因为房子里总共有6个那样的窗户。A. brain-burning烧脑的；B. labor-consuming费力的；C. energy-wasting浪费能量的；D. risk-taking冒险的。根据上文“whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand”可知，6个窗户要用手凿出来，这将是一个费力的工作。故选B。 4.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：那样的预算我是够不着的。A. in a mess一团糟；B. beyond control失控；C. at hand在手边；D. out of reach够不着。根据上文“The cost was estimated at $15,000.”可知，作者由于经济原因，那样的预算太高，他够不着。故选D。 5.C【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：坦率地讲，窗户的问题困扰了我多年。A. went against 违背；B. relied on依靠；C. ate at困扰；D. appealed to吸引，呼吁。根据下句“I knew I needed to fix it, but I had built up the __6__ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.”和下文“but I let it bother me for five years!”可知，作者知道要修窗户，但是觉得困难重重，一拖再拖。因此这个问题一直困扰着他。故选C。 6.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道要修窗户，但是觉得困难重重，一拖再拖。A. difficulty困难；B. confidence信心；C. confusion迷惑；D. harm危害。根据下文“I put it off again and again”可知，作者觉得困难重重，因此一直没有修。故选A。 7.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。A. shameful可耻的；B. impossible不可能的；C. pointless无意义的；D. unfair不公平的。根据上文“Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away.”可知，由于工作改变，作者需要卖房。但是如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。故选B。 8.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓了一些除锈的东西，散布到窗户的框架上，用力一拉。A. blew吹；B. turned转向；C. passed通过；D. spread散布，传播。根据上文“I grabbed some rust remover”和下文“around the frame of the window”可知，是将除锈的东西，散布到窗户的框架上。故选D。 9.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易被移动。A. broke打破；B. fell倒下；C. moved移动；D. missed错过。根据下文“I took the window downtown.”可知，我将拆下的窗户拉到市区。因此窗户的框架很容易被移动。故选C。 10.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本应该当问题出现的时候就去解决，但是我却延误了5年。A. addressed设法解决；B. ignored忽略；C. delayed延误；D. considered考虑。根据下文“but I let it bother me for five years!”可知，我让问题延误了5年，才去设法解决。故选A。 11.D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是我的窗户问题。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Consequently因此；C. Unexpectedly没有料到；D. Actually事实上。根据下句“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another.”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。由此可知，实际上，这不仅仅是一个窗户问题。故选D。 12.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些是影响我们生活质量问题的事情。A. quality质量；B. pace速率；C. way路，方法；D. meaning含义。根据上句“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another.”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。而这些问题影响我们生活质量。故选A。 13.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。A. attempt尝试；B. guarantee保证；C. hesitate犹豫；D. pretend假装。根据上文“If you recognize your broken window”可知，如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。故选C。 14.A【解析】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：（及时修理的话）结果比预料的要容易。A. easier更容易的；B. tougher更困难的；C. rarer更稀有的；D. worse更糟糕的。根据上文语境可知，作者一开始由于经济原因不修理破窗，后来更是总想着修窗的困难重重，因此一直没有修，五年后发现12美元就可以解决破窗问题，所以说问题出现时赶紧解决，结果比预料的要容易。故选A。 15.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，我们在想象中受到的苦要比现实中的要多。A. practice练习；B. memory记忆；C. principle原则；D. imagination想象。根据上文语境可知，作者一开始由于经济原因不修理破窗，后来更是总想着修窗的困难重重，因此一直没有修，五年后发现12美元就可以解决破窗问题，结合“than in reality”可知，这里将想象中受到的苦和现实中的苦进行比较。故选D。 二 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. ___1___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___2___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___3___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___4___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___5___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【答案】1.D 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. G 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。 1.D【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。 2.B【解析】空前说“Stay loose and free.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。 3.E【解析】空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 4.F【解析】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 5.G【解析】空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 一 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dumplings are the most essential and popular food for Chinese people, especially in northern China. There is a legend (传说) for this 1 (tradition) food. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, found that his fellow-townsmen suffered from coldness and hunger in winter. Even 2 (bad), many of them had terrible chilblains (冻疮) in the ears. On the Winter Festival, he cooked food named Jiao Er with a filling of medicine and other ingredients 3 (feed) these people, and they recovered soon. Nowadays, there are different 4 (custom) in southern and northern China. As a popular saying 5 (go) in northern China, “Have dumplings for Winter Solstice (冬至) and noodles for Summer Solstice”. Since then, dumplings have been 6 must for this winter festival. 7 you happen to be in China on the day, go to the restaurant early, or there will be no dumplings 8 (leave). However, sweet dumplings (元宵) are more popular for people in southern China. 9 their mind, the round shape of sweet dumplings represents family reunion. Besides, it’s said that in some areas, people also have mutton, noodles or drink alcohol for 10 (celebrate). 1. traditional 2. worse 3. to feed 4. customs 5. goes 6. a 7. If 8. left 9. In 10. celebration 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了饺子的历史以及饺子所带来的寓意。 1. 考查形容词。句意：这种传统食物有一个传说。此处应用形容词traditional作定语，修饰名词food，故填traditional。 2. 考查固定搭配。句意：更糟糕的是，他们中的许多人都有严重的耳部冻疮。even worse固定搭配，意为“更糟糕的是”，作状语，故填worse。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在冬节，他用药和其他材料做了一种叫做娇耳的食物来喂养这些人，他们很快就恢复了健康。此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，故填to feed。 4. 考查名词的数。句意：如今，中国南方和北方有着不同的风俗习惯。此处应用名词custom作宾语，由different可知，应用复数，故填customs。 5. 考查时态。句意：在中国北方有一句流行的谚语，“冬至吃饺子，夏至吃面条”。此处在as引导的让步状语从句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填goes。 6. 考查冠词。句意：从那时起，饺子就成了这个冬季节日的必备品。此处泛指一项必备的食物，应用不定冠词来修饰，且must发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 7. 考查状语从句。句意：如果你碰巧当天在中国，早点去餐馆，否则就没有饺子吃了。此处表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你碰巧当天在中国，早点去餐馆，否则就没有饺子吃了。动词leave和dumplings是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填left。 9. 考查介词。句意：在他们心目中，汤圆圆的形状代表着家庭团聚。in one’s mind固定搭配，意为“在某人心目中”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填In。 10. 考查名词。句意：此外，据说在一些地区，人们还有羊肉，面条或饮酒庆祝。此处应用名词celebration作宾语，表示“庆祝”，为不可数名词，故填celebration。 二 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks (筷子). Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 2 (create) special designs. The Chinese 3 (use) chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use) twigs (树枝，嫩枝) to remove it. Over time, as 5 population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius (孔子), 7 lived from roughly (大约) 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and being too 9 (danger) for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10 their hands. 1. and 2. to create 3. have used 4. using 5. the 6. gradually 7. who 8. development 9. dangerous 10. with 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南的“饭碗”文化，食物通常用筷子吃，文章对筷子文化的历史进行了介绍。 1. 考查连词。句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南的“饭碗”文化，食物通常用筷子吃。“China, Japan, Korea”和Vietnam构成并列关系，所以应用连词and。故填and。 2. 考查动词不定式。句意：熟练的工人还将各种硬木和金属结合起来，创造出特殊的设计。根据“combine various hardwoods and metal”和“special designs”可知，此处是指为了创造出特殊的设计，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to create。 3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中有表时间段的时间状语for five thousand years，应用现在完成时。另外句子主语是The Chinese，应该判断为复数。故填have used。 4. 考查现在分词。句意：人们可能在大锅里煮食物，用小树枝把食物取出来。use意为“使用”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填using。 5. 考查冠词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，以便更快地烹饪。population意为“人口”，常与定冠词the连用。故填the。 6. 考查副词。句意：小块的食物可以很容易地用小树枝吃，小树枝逐渐变成了筷子。修饰动词应用副词gradually表示“逐渐地”作状语。故填gradually。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为，中国伟大的学者孔子（大约生活在公元前551年至公元前479年）影响了筷子的发展。在非限制性定语从句缺少主语，且先行词为Confucius，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。 8. 考查名词。句意：有些人认为，中国伟大的学者孔子（大约生活在公元前551年至公元前479年）影响了筷子的发展。此处作宾语应用名词development表示“发展”。故填development。 9. 考查形容词。句意：孔子认为刀会让人想起杀戮，而且在餐桌上使用刀太危险了。此处作表语应用形容词dangerous表示“危险的”。故填dangerous。 10. 考查介词。句意：例如，在印度，大多数人传统上用手吃饭。根据“their hands”和eat可知，此处是指用手吃饭，所以应用介词with表示“使用”。故填with。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业05 非谓语动词3（Ved考点） 过去分词作表语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ______ (connect). 2. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears. 过去分词作定语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词或代词.单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后置定语；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。 例1：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 例2：A number of roads have blocked by fallen trees because of the heavy rain. 例3：Many words associated with life in the West are Spanish. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. From the dates (mark) on the gold coin, we decided it was made five hundred years ago. 2. Can those / (sit/seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? 3. A team of scientists ______（lead）by a professor has found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. 过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,用作观感使役类动词的宾补，如see, watch, hear, notice, have, make, leave, keep, find。 例1：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 例2：She couldn't make herself heard because of the traffic noise. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year. 2. She returned home, only to find the door open and a number of things (go/steal/miss/go/lose) 3. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes (fix) on the screen. 过去分词直接作状语典型用法 要点精讲：过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。 例1：Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 例2：Pressed from his parents, and realizing that he has little time left, the boy is determined to focus on his project. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 2._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 4. __________ (determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. “连词+过去分词” 构成状语从句省略用法 要点精讲：用于“连词+过去分词”结构，构成状语从句省略句式，表示从句谓语与句子主语之间的被动关系。 例1：Once married, Joe devoted her life to being a full-time homemaker.  例2：There are some health problems that, when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on. 例3：When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. When first ____________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 2. No matter how frequently (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 3. When____________(compare) cultures, we often focus on the differences without noticing the similarities. “be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语用法 要点精讲 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例1：The sun began to rise in the sky, bathed in the mountain in golden light. 例2：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (trap) in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and exhausted. 2. ________ (devote) to education, he went to the mountainous areas to teach. 3. ________ (expose) to a lot of new ideas when studying in college, Mary always does something that others can't understand. 1. (2022全国乙卷) “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day… China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ____________ (share) future for mankind,” he said. 2. (2022全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 3. (2021北京卷)There is a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ____________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 4. (2021全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. 5. (2021新高考I卷)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us (astonish). 一 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Several years ago, a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems, I ___1___ it up, thinking I’d get to it someday. Over the years, I had planned to upgrade to energy-efficient windows. But with the frame (窗框) rusted (锈) and firmly ___2___ in the foundation, whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand. It would be a ___3___ process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $15,000. It was simply ___4___. Honestly, the thought of that window ___5___ me for years. I knew I needed to fix it, but I had built up the ___6___ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again. Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost ___7___ to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on. I grabbed some rust remover, ___8___ it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily ___9___. I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have ___10___ the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years! ___11___, this isn’t just about my window. Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another. They are things that seriously affect our ___12___ of life. If you recognize your broken window, don’t ___13___ to mend it. It may turn out to be ___14___ than expected. Usually we suffer more in___15___ than in reality. 1. A. tore B. made C. boarded D. packed 2. A. lost B. stuck C. buried D. mixed 3. A. brain-burning B. labor-consuming C. energy-wasting D. risk-taking 4. A. in a mess B. beyond control C. at hand D. out of reach 5. A. went against B. relied on C. ate at D. appealed to 6 A. difficulty B. confidence C. confusion D. harm 7. A. shameful B. impossible C. pointless D. unfair 8. A. blew B. turned C. passed D. spread 9. A. broke B. fell C. moved D. missed 10. A. addressed B. ignored C. delayed D. considered 11. A. Luckily B. Consequently C. Unexpectedly D. Actually 12. A. quality B. pace C. way D. meaning 13. A. attempt B. guarantee C. hesitate D. pretend 14. A. easier B. tougher C. rarer D. worse 15. A. practice B. memory C. principle D. imagination 二 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. ___1___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___2___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___3___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___4___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___5___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 一 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dumplings are the most essential and popular food for Chinese people, especially in northern China. There is a legend (传说) for this 1 (tradition) food. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, found that his fellow-townsmen suffered from coldness and hunger in winter. Even 2 (bad), many of them had terrible chilblains (冻疮) in the ears. On the Winter Festival, he cooked food named Jiao Er with a filling of medicine and other ingredients 3 (feed) these people, and they recovered soon. Nowadays, there are different 4 (custom) in southern and northern China. As a popular saying 5 (go) in northern China, “Have dumplings for Winter Solstice (冬至) and noodles for Summer Solstice”. Since then, dumplings have been 6 must for this winter festival. 7 you happen to be in China on the day, go to the restaurant early, or there will be no dumplings 8 (leave). However, sweet dumplings (元宵) are more popular for people in southern China. 9 their mind, the round shape of sweet dumplings represents family reunion. Besides, it’s said that in some areas, people also have mutton, noodles or drink alcohol for 10 (celebrate). 二 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks (筷子). Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 2 (create) special designs. The Chinese 3 (use) chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use) twigs (树枝，嫩枝) to remove it. Over time, as 5 population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius (孔子), 7 lived from roughly (大约) 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and being too 9 (danger) for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10 their hands. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$