专题01：句子成份（初高考点差异及衔接） -2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题01：句子成份（初高考点差异及衔接） 一、初高中课程总体要求： 初中 高中 词汇量 词汇1700+，词组300+ 词汇:5500+，词组500+ 题型 听力，语法单选，五选四，句型转换，词性转换，阅读，完型，首字母，回答问题，作文（60词） 口语，听力，语法填空，十一选十，完型，阅读，六选四，概要写作，翻译，作文（120-150词） 语法 9大词性；时态语态，定语从句（简单），宾语从句，状语从句（简单），不定式，动名词 时态语态，情态动词，定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句，强调句，倒装句，不定式，动名词，分词，虚拟语气 二、初高中对句子成份的不同要求： 初中要求 需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中要求 高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 【初中考点聚焦】 词类 英语的词类分为十种： 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class. 2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 3、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above. 6、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 8、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 句子成份 识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分 句子种类 1、 按用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 2、句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： (1).简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句， All roads lead to Rome. He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out. Is he a superman? (2).并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，常用的并列连词有and,then,but,or,or else, so, for, while; both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…,but also, as well as He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. Don’t be late, for there is a meeting. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone. (3).复合句（Complex Sentences）：复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。 China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese. The film had been on when we got to the cinema. 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 高中英语在理解掌握句子成分方面的要求有所不同，主要体现在以下几个方面： 1.词汇量和复杂性： 初中英语：词汇量相对较少，句子结构较为简单，学生主要学习基本的词汇和简单句型。 高中英语：词汇量更大，句子结构更加复杂，包括更多的复合句和复杂句型。 2. 语法知识： 初中英语：主要学习基本的语法规则，如时态、语态、名词、动词、形容词、副词等的用法。 高中英语：除了继续巩固初中阶段的语法知识外，还会学习更高级的语法点，如非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、状语从句等。 3. 句子成分分析： 初中英语：学生需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中英语：除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 4. 阅读理解能力： 初中英语：阅读理解主要侧重于理解文章的大意和细节信息。 高中英语：阅读理解要求更高，不仅要理解文章的大意和细节，还要能够分析文章的结构、作者的意图、观点的论证等。 5. 写作能力： 初中英语：写作主要侧重于简单句和并列句的运用，表达清晰、连贯。 高中英语：写作要求更高，需要能够使用复杂句型，表达更加丰富和精确，同时要注意文章的逻辑性和条理性。 总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。 考点清单 · 句子的成分 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 （一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首 Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2. 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么” Predicative 或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短 语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物 Object 动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： < 1 > 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 ※ 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语 可带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “七 给” 一 “带” to不少, “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了。 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下： 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring) 8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等 2、“buy” (买) ；“draw” (画) ；“make” (制作) 三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如：Mother bought a new dress for me。 类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 < 2 >复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如： They elected him their monitor. 宾语 宾语补足语 （五）补语 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、 Object Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语 的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语， 才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make, let, see, find, name等） 或介词（如with）+ 宾语 + 宾补。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. （副词） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） He found the door locked. （过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) 主语补足语：对主语的补充 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （六） 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Attributive 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a developing country. （现在分词） America is a developed country. （过去分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His maths is very good. （形容词性物主代词） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介词短语） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） （七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、 Adverbial 地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副 词的词组或短语等来充当。如： Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语) Wait a minute. （名词） Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、 伴随状语、比较状语等。如： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night he didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语从句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语从句） She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语从句） I am taller than he is. （比较状语从句） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 指出划线部分充当的成分 1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather. 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily. 3. That was how they were defeated. 4. The nursery takes good care of our children. 5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. 6. We are sure that we shall succeed. 7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other. 8. There are many film that I’d like to see. 9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10. I have a lot of work to do. 11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it. 12. I said it in fun. 13. We can send a car over to fetch you. 14. She had to work standing up. 15. Seeing this, some comrades became very worried. 16. Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 17. The bus arrived ten minutes late. 18. We should serve the people heart and soul. 19. Spring coming on, the tree turned green. 20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky. 21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting. 22. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today. 23. It was in the library that I come today. 24. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working. 25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 【答案】1、主语 2、谓语 3、表语 4、宾语 5、宾语 6、宾语 7、定语 8、定语 9、定语 10、定语 11、状语 12、状语 13、状语 14、状语 15、状语 16、状语 17、状语 18、状语 19、状语 20、宾补 21、宾语 22、主语 23、状语 24、状语 25、状语 一、指出下列句子中每段画横线部分的句子成分 1．The_judge doesn't consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．To_my_surprise,_the_entrance to_the_mine was_closed. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Recently,_the_Russians_and_Germans have_built a_new_Amber_Room at_the_summer_palace. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Later,_Catherine_Ⅱ had the_Amber_Room moved to_a_palace outside_St_Petersburg where_she_spent_her_summers. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.主语；谓语；宾语从句(1)；宾语从句(2) 2．状语；主语；(后置)定语；谓语 3．状语；主语；谓语；宾语；(地点)状语 4．状语；主语；谓语；宾语；宾补；状语；(后置定语)；定语从句 二、完成句子，每空一词 1．我很器重那些一直寻找琥珀屋的人。 I ________ ________ ________ those ________ ________ been searching for the Amber Room. 2．你认为琥珀屋应属于谁？ Who do you think the Amber Room ________ ________？ 3．我们还没有决定什么时候再讨论这个问题？ We haven't decided ________ ________ ________ the question again. 4．每天他被迫从早到晚工作。 Every day he ________ ________ to work from morning till night. 5．近来，我在学生中进行了一次调查。 Recently I ________ ________ a survey among the students. 【答案】 1.think highly of; who have　2.belongs to 3．when to discuss　4.is forced 5．have made 三、阅读理解 My father was left fatherless at the age of 12, and pretty much on his own then. Because of that, he was never the loving type. He didn’t have time to offer a pat on the back or a loving hug（拥抱）. He was built for work, and work he did—7 days a week—expecting my brothers and me to do the same. Growing up, I spent much of my free time laboring with him on jobs around the house. To him, working alongside someone was the best way to show you cared. The way you felt about a person was clear from the fact you spent time with the person; you didn’t need to express your feelings. As far as I know, he never did. Except once. I was 22, graduated from college, and leaving home for the last time. He and I had loaded my things into the car and were talking in the garage. Without warning, he wrapped me in his huge arms and hugged me tight.“You were always my favorite,”he said.“I love you, and I’m going to miss you.” With that, he shooed（用“嘘”声驱赶）me into the car and then left for the house, tears in his eyes. I was floored by his response—and then felt proud, pleased and grateful. Yet some small part of me also wondered why it had taken him so long to express his love. I can accept now that it wasn’t possible for him to be warm—his feelings were buried too deeply under the layers of a tough life. Thanks to my father’s once-in-a-lifetime hug, I’ve come to realize something he never could. A hug is more than simple physical touch. It is a lightning-like connection between two people. A link that expresses love, encouragement, comfort-all the emotions that can strengthen a relationship, even turn a life around. 1. According to the author, his father didn’t show his feelings easily because of all the following reasons EXCEPT _____. A. he didn’t think it important to show his love B. he always worked around the house and paid no attention to his kids C. he himself grew up without love from his own father D. he thought the best way to show feelings was to spend time together 2. The word“floored”in the passage can be best replaced by _____. A. frightened B. flooded C. hit D. confused 3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author will probably _____. A. hide his feelings for his kids as deeply as his father did B. offer physical touch like hugs to his own kids quite often C. not spend time working around the house with his own kids D. not understand his father’s love for him for the rest of his life 4. The purpose of the writing is to _____. A. mention the importance of a hug in our life B. tell us an unhappy childhood without father’s care C. share a touching story of the author and his father D. show the difficult relationship between child and parents 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 【解析】 本文为记叙文。作者父亲从小失去了父亲，没有享受到父爱，不知如何表达对孩子的爱。父亲认为只要和孩子在一起就是爱。作者因此没有感受到父亲的爱。在大学毕业最后一次离家时父亲拥抱了作者，才让作者感受到了像拥抱这样的身体接触对于人的一生有多么大的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“My father was left fatherless at the age of 12, and pretty much on his own then.” 我的父亲在12岁的时候失去了父亲，那时他完全靠自己。可知，父亲在没有父爱的环境下长大，故C正确的。第二段“Because of that, he was never the loving type. He didn’t have time to offer a pat on the back or a loving hug（拥抱）”以及第三段“To him, working alongside someone was the best way to show you cared... you spent time with the person; you didn’t need to express your feelings.”父亲从小没有父亲，不会表达爱。对他来说，和别人一起工作是表达关心的最好方式。因为你花时间和他在一起，不需要表达出你的感觉。可知父亲认为表达爱不重要，花时间在一起就是表达爱的最好方式，故A项（他认为表达他的爱并不重要）和D项（他认为表达感情的最好方法是花时间在一起）是正确的。文章没说父亲只在家周围工作，根据文章可知，父亲关心孩子，而不是不理睬孩子，故B项（他总是在家周围到处工作，对孩子不理不睬）是错误的，故本题选B。 【2题详解】 猜测词义题。根据第五段划线词“I was floored by his response”后的解释“—and then felt proud, pleased and grateful. Yet some small part of me also wondered why it had taken him so long to express his love.” 然后我感到骄傲、高兴和感激。但我内心的也有一点想知道，为什么他花了这么长时间来表达他的爱。尤其是文中的 “yet”以及“wondered why”可知，他对于父亲的反应有点迷惑不解。A. frightened害怕的，B. flooded泛滥的；C. hit击中的；D. confused迷惑的。可知D项符合题意，故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thanks to my father’s once-in-a-lifetime hug, ...A hug is more than simple physical touch. It is a lightning-like connection between two people. A link that expresses love, encouragement, comfort-all the emotions that can strengthen a relationship, even turn a life around.” 多亏了父亲一辈子一次的拥抱，（让我知道）拥抱不仅仅是简单的身体接触。这是两个人之间闪电般的联系。一个表达爱、鼓励、安慰的纽带——所有这些情感都能加强一段关系，甚至能改变一个人的一生。从这些内容可知，作者认识到拥抱不仅仅只是简单的身体接触，还对人的一生是有巨的影响的。由此可推断出他会经常和自己的孩子进行身体接触，如拥抱，故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。本文叙述了作者的父亲从小没有父爱，不知如何表达对孩子的爱，认为只要和孩子在一起就是爱孩子。后来在儿子大学毕业最后一次离家时拥抱了作者，才让作者感受到了像拥抱这样的身体接触对于人的一生有多么大的影响。本文的主旨句也就是写作目的在最后一段“A hug is more than simple physical touch. It is a lightning-like connection between two people. A link that expresses love, encouragement, comfort-all the emotions that can strengthen a relationship, even turn a life around.” 拥抱不仅仅是简单的身体接触。这是两个人之间闪电般的联系。一个表达爱、鼓励、安慰的纽带——所有这些情感都能加强一段关系，甚至能改变一个人的一生。可知，本文的目的提到拥抱在我们生活中的重要性。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01：句子成份（初高考点差异及衔接） 一、初高中课程总体要求： 初中 高中 词汇量 词汇1700+，词组300+ 词汇:5500+，词组500+ 题型 听力，语法单选，五选四，句型转换，词性转换，阅读，完型，首字母，回答问题，作文（60词） 口语，听力，语法填空，十一选十，完型，阅读，六选四，概要写作，翻译，作文（120-150词） 语法 9大词性；时态语态，定语从句（简单），宾语从句，状语从句（简单），不定式，动名词 时态语态，情态动词，定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句，强调句，倒装句，不定式，动名词，分词，虚拟语气 二、初高中对句子成份的不同要求： 初中要求 需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中要求 高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 【初中考点聚焦】 词类 英语的词类分为十种： 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class. 2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 3、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above. 6、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 8、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 句子成份 识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分 句子种类 1、 按用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 2、句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： (1).简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句， All roads lead to Rome. He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out. Is he a superman? (2).并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，常用的并列连词有and,then,but,or,or else, so, for, while; both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…,but also, as well as He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. Don’t be late, for there is a meeting. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone. (3).复合句（Complex Sentences）：复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。 China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese. The film had been on when we got to the cinema. 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 高中英语在理解掌握句子成分方面的要求有所不同，主要体现在以下几个方面： 1.词汇量和复杂性： 初中英语：词汇量相对较少，句子结构较为简单，学生主要学习基本的词汇和简单句型。 高中英语：词汇量更大，句子结构更加复杂，包括更多的复合句和复杂句型。 2. 语法知识： 初中英语：主要学习基本的语法规则，如时态、语态、名词、动词、形容词、副词等的用法。 高中英语：除了继续巩固初中阶段的语法知识外，还会学习更高级的语法点，如非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、状语从句等。 3. 句子成分分析： 初中英语：学生需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中英语：除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 4. 阅读理解能力： 初中英语：阅读理解主要侧重于理解文章的大意和细节信息。 高中英语：阅读理解要求更高，不仅要理解文章的大意和细节，还要能够分析文章的结构、作者的意图、观点的论证等。 5. 写作能力： 初中英语：写作主要侧重于简单句和并列句的运用，表达清晰、连贯。 高中英语：写作要求更高，需要能够使用复杂句型，表达更加丰富和精确，同时要注意文章的逻辑性和条理性。 总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。 考点清单 · 句子的成分 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 （一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首 Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2. 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么” Predicative 或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短 语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物 Object 动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： < 1 > 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 ※ 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语 可带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “七 给” 一 “带” to不少, “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了。 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下： 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring) 8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等 2、“buy” (买) ；“draw” (画) ；“make” (制作) 三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如：Mother bought a new dress for me。 类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 < 2 >复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如： They elected him their monitor. 宾语 宾语补足语 （五）补语 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、 Object Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语 的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语， 才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make, let, see, find, name等） 或介词（如with）+ 宾语 + 宾补。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. （副词） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） He found the door locked. （过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) 主语补足语：对主语的补充 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （六） 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Attributive 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a developing country. （现在分词） America is a developed country. （过去分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His maths is very good. （形容词性物主代词） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介词短语） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） （七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、 Adverbial 地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副 词的词组或短语等来充当。如： Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语) Wait a minute. （名词） Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、 伴随状语、比较状语等。如： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night he didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语从句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语从句） She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语从句） I am taller than he is. （比较状语从句） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 指出划线部分充当的成分 1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather. 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily. 3. That was how they were defeated. 4. The nursery takes good care of our children. 5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. 6. We are sure that we shall succeed. 7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other. 8. There are many film that I’d like to see. 9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10. I have a lot of work to do. 11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it. 12. I said it in fun. 13. We can send a car over to fetch you. 14. She had to work standing up. 15. Seeing this, some comrades became very worried. 16. Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 17. The bus arrived ten minutes late. 18. We should serve the people heart and soul. 19. Spring coming on, the tree turned green. 20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky. 21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting. 22. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today. 23. It was in the library that I come today. 24. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working. 25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 【答案】1、主语 2、谓语 3、表语 4、宾语 5、宾语 6、宾语 7、定语 8、定语 9、定语 10、定语 11、状语 12、状语 13、状语 14、状语 15、状语 16、状语 17、状语 18、状语 19、状语 20、宾补 21、宾语 22、主语 23、状语 24、状语 25、状语 一、指出下列句子中每段画横线部分的句子成分 1．The_judge doesn't consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．To_my_surprise,_the_entrance to_the_mine was_closed. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Recently,_the_Russians_and_Germans have_built a_new_Amber_Room at_the_summer_palace. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Later,_Catherine_Ⅱ had the_Amber_Room moved to_a_palace outside_St_Petersburg where_she_spent_her_summers. ________________________________________________________________________ 二、完成句子，每空一词 1．我很器重那些一直寻找琥珀屋的人。 I ________ ________ ________ those ________ ________ been searching for the Amber Room. 2．你认为琥珀屋应属于谁？ Who do you think the Amber Room ________ ________？ 3．我们还没有决定什么时候再讨论这个问题？ We haven't decided ________ ________ ________ the question again. 4．每天他被迫从早到晚工作。 Every day he ________ ________ to work from morning till night. 5．近来，我在学生中进行了一次调查。 Recently I ________ ________ a survey among the students. 三、阅读理解 My father was left fatherless at the age of 12, and pretty much on his own then. Because of that, he was never the loving type. He didn’t have time to offer a pat on the back or a loving hug（拥抱）. He was built for work, and work he did—7 days a week—expecting my brothers and me to do the same. Growing up, I spent much of my free time laboring with him on jobs around the house. To him, working alongside someone was the best way to show you cared. The way you felt about a person was clear from the fact you spent time with the person; you didn’t need to express your feelings. As far as I know, he never did. Except once. I was 22, graduated from college, and leaving home for the last time. He and I had loaded my things into the car and were talking in the garage. Without warning, he wrapped me in his huge arms and hugged me tight.“You were always my favorite,”he said.“I love you, and I’m going to miss you.” With that, he shooed（用“嘘”声驱赶）me into the car and then left for the house, tears in his eyes. I was floored by his response—and then felt proud, pleased and grateful. Yet some small part of me also wondered why it had taken him so long to express his love. I can accept now that it wasn’t possible for him to be warm—his feelings were buried too deeply under the layers of a tough life. Thanks to my father’s once-in-a-lifetime hug, I’ve come to realize something he never could. A hug is more than simple physical touch. It is a lightning-like connection between two people. A link that expresses love, encouragement, comfort-all the emotions that can strengthen a relationship, even turn a life around. 1. According to the author, his father didn’t show his feelings easily because of all the following reasons EXCEPT _____. A. he didn’t think it important to show his love B. he always worked around the house and paid no attention to his kids C. he himself grew up without love from his own father D. he thought the best way to show feelings was to spend time together 2. The word“floored”in the passage can be best replaced by _____. A. frightened B. flooded C. hit D. confused 3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author will probably _____. A. hide his feelings for his kids as deeply as his father did B. offer physical touch like hugs to his own kids quite often C. not spend time working around the house with his own kids D. not understand his father’s love for him for the rest of his life 4. The purpose of the writing is to _____. A. mention the importance of a hug in our life B. tell us an unhappy childhood without father’s care C. share a touching story of the author and his father D. show the difficult relationship between child and parents 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$