考点串讲 非谓语动词用法-高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考点串讲02 非谓语动词用法 ------ to do /doing 作宾语，doing作主语，to do/doing/done作表语 一．to do /doing 作宾语 1.以下动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 ·decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish ·refuse，manage，care，pretend ·offer，promise，choose，plan ·agree，ask/beg，help 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 2.下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 ·consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon ·admit，delay/put off，fancy (想象，设想) ·avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice ·deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate ·forbid，imagine，risk ·can’t help (禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape 3.下列短语也要用动名词作宾语： be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can’t stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank...for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)等 [语境串记] Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin，because his neighbor can’t tolerate listening to the noise every day.The other day，she promised to give Tom ten dollars a week if he gave up doing it.Tom imagines having lots of money and can’t resist taking her advice. 小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应如果汤姆放弃练琴的话每周给他10美元。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。 4.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意： forget regret try go on remember mean [语境串记] What a poor memory! I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him. 多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 二．doing作主语 1.动名词(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。 Eg. Playing online games is his favourite. 玩电脑游戏是他的最爱。 2.有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good/no point doing sth结构中。 Eg. It is no point trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么意义的。 三．to do/doing/done作表语 1. 不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 Eg.My goal is to become a doctor after my graduation from university. 我的目标是大学毕业后当一名医生。 2.动名词作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。 Eg. My hobby is reading books. 3.分词作表语，多是情感类动词(如surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，inspire，shock，move等)的－ing形式和－ed形式表示状态，是形容词化的分词。多数情况下，如果主语是人，表语使用－ed形式；如果主语是物，表语使用－ing形式。 Eg.My cousin is very interested in playing the organ. 我表妹对手风琴很感兴趣。 专项训练 1.(2023新高考1卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________( bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出)， or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 2.(2023新高考1卷)Shanghai may be the__________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao's birthplace. 3.(2023新高考1卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them______(lift)out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 4.(2023新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left_________(want) more next time. 5.(2023新高考I卷)They talk to the flood of intermational tourists and to_______(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 6.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言)________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 7.(2023全国甲卷)"There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings," her fable begins, ________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 8.(2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message_______(intend) for everyone. 9.(2023全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _______(build) system of ring roads. 10.(2023全国乙卷)________(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing. 11.(2023全国乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years_________(record) everything I discovered. 12.(2022新高考1卷) ___________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 13.(2022新高考1卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 14.(2022新高考1卷)When he sawa young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台)，Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______(fall) child. 15.(2022新高考I卷)He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them. 16．He seemed to hear someone (whisper) in his ear "You can let her do as she likes'. 17． (exchange) opinions on the schedule, we eventually reached an agreement. 18．I trained for a long time (fly) airplanes as a fighter pilot. 19．He aims (save) up enough money for a travel across the world. 20．Steve has expressed the hope that he is looking forward to (hear) from you soon. 21．The taxi pulled and the driver jumped out. 22．As an art school, it is ( know) for its scientific teaching methods. 23．Just the next morning, I found my mother not (feel) well. 24．By then, Steve was having a hard time (remember) the names of some of his friends. 25．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity (socialize) with friends since a meal can last for hours. 26．The pessimistic businessman advertised his goods in a dishonest way, thus getting   (fine). 27．I was at a disadvantage (compare) to the younger members of the team. 28．The show attracted a large audience, (range) from children to old people. 29．Even if it is hot, you had better not get the air-conditioning (run) all the time. 30． (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important. 31．The police are urging witnesses to the accident (contact) them immediately. 32．Don’t leave her (wait) outside in the rain. 33．I would advise people to think very carefully about (commit) themselves to working Sundays. 34．The houses (line)the avenue were small and white. 35．Rescuers were still working their way toward the （trap）boy. 36．Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building (lie) all over the place. 37．Through the Internet , people are on a stage where they can be kept (inform) of whatever is happening in the world . 38．He sat there, with his attention （concentrate）on the material in front of him. 39．The first person (arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 40．The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself (follow) by a young man in black. 41．I woke up the next morning, (think) I would definitely be criticised (批评). 42． (surround) by crowds of citizens, the respected scientist received a warm welcome. 43．Tomorrow is Children's Day. The children are preparing (go) climbing. 44．Well (educate), the pianist is capable of playing various songs on the piano. 45．The most important thing is (negotiate) with them about the future of the plant. 46．All the books donated by the students from urban schools are said (send) to the students in rural areas the other day. 47．Once, (invite) to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. 48．The use of films and multimedia is intended (stimulate) students' interest in a subject. 49．We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom. 50．Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. 参考答案 1.to bite 2. recognized 3.to be lifted 4. wanting 5. visiting 6. to teach 7.borrowing 8. intended 9. built 10. Having visited 11. recording 12. Covering 13. to increase 14. falling 15. to see 16．whispering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他似乎听到有人在他耳边低语：“你可以让她随心所欲”。根据句意可知，此处应用hear sb. doing表示“听到某人正在……”， 故填whispering。 17．Having exchanged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：关于日程表的问题我们交换了意见，最终达成了一致。分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，和句子主语是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，并且发生在谓语动词之前，应用现在分词的完成式，句首单词首字母大写，故填Having exchanged。 18．to fly 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：作为一名战斗机飞行员，我接受了很长时间的飞行训练。train to do sth.训练做某事，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式。故填to fly。 【点睛】 19．to save 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他打算存足够的钱作一次环球旅行。短语aim to do sth.，表示“旨在做某事”。故填to save。 20．hearing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：史蒂夫表示希望他能尽快收到你的来信。分析句子，句中look forward to为固定短语，意为“期待做某事”，该短语中to为介词，设空处使用动名词作宾语。故填hearing。 21．up 【详解】考查短语。句意：出租车停下来，司机跳下车。短语：pull up“（车或驾车者）减速停下”，根据句中“The taxi pulled ”及“ the driver jumped out”，所以空处填up，故填up。 22．known 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：作为一所艺术学校，它以其科学的教学方法而闻名。句中主语it和动词know是被动关系，用过去分词。be known for…“因……而出名”，故填known。 23．feeling 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：就在第二天早上，我发现妈妈不舒服。空处是宾语补足语，动词feel和宾语my mother之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填feeling。 24．remembering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那时，史蒂夫已经很难记住一些朋友的名字了。have a hard time doing sth.为固定用法，空处需填remember的动名词形式。故填remembering。 25．to socialize 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是，它提供了一个与朋友社交的好机会，因为一顿饭可以吃上几个小时。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配an opportunity to do sth.，意为“做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰抽象名词opportunity。故填to socialize。 26．fined 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个悲观的商人用不诚实的方式为他的商品做广告，因此被罚款。根据句意和空格前的系动词getting可知，空格处应该填入过去分词fined，构成被动结构，表示“被罚款”。故填fined。 27．compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与队里的年轻队员相比，我处于不利地位。本句已有be动词was，所以compare用作非谓语动词，和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填compared。 28．ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：表演吸引了很多观众，从孩子到老人。range和audience有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填ranging。 29．running 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：即使天气很热，你也最好不要让空调一直开着。设空处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，get+宾语+宾语补足语，run和其逻辑主语 air-conditioning之间是逻辑的主动关系，且根据句意表示动作一直进行，用现在分词。故答案为running。 30．Talking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：和你的孩子谈心是非常重要的。分析句子可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。根据句意，故填Talking。 31．to contact 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警方敦促事故目击者立即与他们联系。该题考查urge sb. to do sth.（敦促某人某事），不定式作宾语补足语。故填to contact。 32．waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：别让她在外面雨中等着。句中宾语her与wait之间为主动关系，所以现在分词作宾语补足语。根据句意，故填waiting。 33．committing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我建议人们仔细考虑是否承诺在周日工作。介词about后用动名词形式作宾语，commit用动名词形式。故填committing。 34．lining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：林荫道两旁的房子又小又白。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，line在此处表示“沿……排成行”，与主句主语“The houses”之间的关系为主动，所以应填现在分词lining。故填lining。 35．trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：救援人员仍在努力营救被困的男孩。动词trap与boy之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。根据句意，故填trapped。 36．lying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在大楼里，学生们什么也没看到，只有破碎的墙壁和门，到处都是建筑物的碎片。分析句子结构可知lie在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语broken walls and doors and pieces of the building构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填lying。 37．informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过互联网，人们处于一个可以随时了解任何世界上正在发生的事情的阶段。keep sb informed of，故填informed。 38．concentrated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在那儿，注意力集中在他前面的材料上。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词concentrate和宾语his attention之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填concentrated。 39．to arrive 【详解】考查不定式。句意：第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，紧随其后的是来自英国的茱莉亚·史密斯。当中心词被序数词修饰时，多用不定式作定语，所以填to arrive。 40．followed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被跟踪这位女孩掉头一看，发现自己被一个穿黑色衣服的年轻人跟踪了。句中宾语herself与补足语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词短语作宾语补足语。故填followed。 41．thinking 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：第二天早上醒来，我想我肯定会受到批评。分析句子结构，本句主语是I，谓语动词是woke up，所以think是非谓语动词，think和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，此处应用现在分词表示主动，故填thinking。 42．Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在市民的簇拥下，这位受人尊敬的科学家受到了热烈欢迎。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语the respected scientist之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填Surrounded。 43．to go 【详解】考查不定式作宾语。句意：明天是儿童节。孩 子们正准备去爬山。动词prepare后面用动词不定式作宾语，prepare to do sth.“准备做某事”。故填to go。 44．educated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位钢琴家受过良好的教育，能够在钢琴上演奏各种歌曲。根据句子结构和意思可知，动词educate和句子主语the pianist是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式作状语，表示被动。故填educated。 45．to negotiate 【详解】考查不定式。句意：最重要的是和他们协商工厂的未来。分析可知，空格处用非谓语动词，由“with them about the future of the plant”可知，空格处用不定式表将来，作表语，故填to negotiate。 46．to have been sent 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，城市学校学生捐赠的所有书籍前几天已经送到了农村地区的学生手中。观察句子可知，be said为被动语态，后面用动词不定式；根据the other day可知，“送书给学生”发生在“据说”之前，用不定式的完成式to have been done。故填：to have been sent。 47．invited/having been invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一次，他被邀请去一所大学吃晚饭，当校长突然要求他发表演讲时，他非常难堪。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“was put on the spot”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“he”和“invite”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“invite”的过去分词“invited”作状语，当强调“invite”的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前时，应用“having been done”作状语，故空格处也可填“having been invited”。故填invited或having been invited。 48．to stimulate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影和多媒体的使用旨在激发学生对某一学科的兴趣。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is intended ，所以stimulate应该用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配 intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”。故填to stimulate。 49．impressed 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：每个教室不超过15个学生的小班给我们留下了深刻的印象。此处表示“对……印象深刻”，应用固定搭配be impressed by，故填impressed。 50．offering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Ken确实得到了那份工作，因为他给我看了提供给他那份工作的正式信函。分析句子结构可知，offer在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作后置定语修饰名词短语the official letter，the official letter与动词offer构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式表主动。故填offering。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$