Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover useful structures过去分词 讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

.过去分词(短语)作定语 (1)单个的过去分词常放在被修饰的词前面,作前置定语,与被修饰词之间通常是逻辑上的被动关系,也可以表示动作已经完成。 cooked food熟食 your spoken English 你的英语口语 但是有的过去分词作定语时既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如lost(迷路的;丢失的),retired(退休的)等。 the lost child 丢失的孩子 the retired people 退休的人们 (2)过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句,与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。 The man named Tom ( = who is named Tom) is my uncle.名叫汤姆的那个人是 我的叔叔。 The topic discussed just now (= which was discussed just now) is very puzzling. 刚刚讨论的这个话题很令人费解。 The girl dressed in red ( = who is dressed in red) is my daughter.穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。(表状态) 温馨提示: 非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系时,用被动形式。下面我们来看一下过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动式(being done)、不定式的被动式(to be done)之间的区别。 done 表示被动、完成 being done 表示正在进行的被动 to be done表示将来的被动 The bridge built last year is important.去年建的那座桥很重要。 The bridge being built now is important.正在建造的那座桥很重要。 The bridge to be built next year is important.明年要建造的那座桥很重要。 2. 过去分词作表语 (1)过去分词作表语时,要放在be,appear, feel, remain , seem , look , stay , keep, turn , get 等连系动词之后,构成系表结构。 The glass is broken.杯子碎了。 I felt pleased with the news.这个消息使我很高兴。 (2)有些过去分词表示主语所处的状态或主观心理感受,作用相当于形容词。常见的这样的词有:interested,inspired, pleased, disturbed,satisfied,confused,astonished, bored, amused, convinced 等。 I was confused about the confusing crossword puzzle.我对这个令人费解的纵横 字谜感到困惑。 The boss wasn't astonished at the astonishing news at all.老板对这个令人惊讶的 消息一点也不吃惊。 温馨提示:interesting,pleasing,boring 这类词表示“令人……的”,而 interested, pleased, bored 这类词表示“感到……的”。 3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语 (1)过去分词(短语)作动词的宾语补足语时,过去分词表示的动作与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.史密斯先生 在外度假时,有人闯入了他家。 He had his bicycle repaired yesterday.昨天他找人修理了他的自行车。 A liar can't make himself believed.说谎者不能使别人相信自己。 When he found the door locked, he went home. 当他发现门被锁上时,他就回家了。 (2) 过去分词(短语)作介词的宾语补足语时,过去分词表示的动作与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 She lay on the sofa, with her body covered by a coat. 她躺在沙发上,身上盖着一件外套。 He stood there with his eyes fixed on the picture. 他站在那里,眼睛盯着那幅图画。 4. 过去分词(短语)作状语 (1) 过去分词(短语)作状语的含义和基本用法 过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语或伴随状语等。作状语的过去分词表示被动或完成的动作,相当于一个状语从句。过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。 ①过去分词(短语)作时间状语 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. =When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.从山上看,那个公园看起来很漂亮。 ②过去分词(短语)作原因状语 Greatly touched by his teachers’ words, the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates. = Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers’ words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.这个男孩被老师们的话深深地打动了,所 以他做了很多事情来帮助他的同学们。 ③过去分词(短语)作条件状语 Given more time, we could do it much better. = If we were given more time, we could do it much better.如果有更多的时间,我们可以做得更好。 ④过去分词(短语)作让步状语 Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. = Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农 民们已被提醒暴风雨将要来临,但他们仍然在田地里干活儿。 ⑤过去分词(短语)作伴随状语(此时过去分词不能用状语从句替换,但常可改写为并列成分) The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. = The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.老师走进教室, 一群学生跟着他。 温馨提示:有些过去分词(短语)源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表示主语的状态。如:be lost in(全神贯注;沉浸于);be trapped in (陷人);be buried in(埋头于,专心于); be absorbed in(全神贯注于,专心于);be interested in(对….感兴趣);be dressed in (穿着); be determined to (决心);be devoted to (致力于);be addicted to (沉溺于);be seated(坐好;落座);be faced with(面对)等。