2024届高考英语阅读题型七选五魔法带练(08) 讲义

When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 1 Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student. 2 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 3 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours. Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 4 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class. Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends? 5 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness! A．Lack of sleep can cause great stress. B．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it. C．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue. D．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict. E．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively. F．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits. G．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems. 【魔法讲解】 第一步，通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 重点关注首段和末段 When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework 当学生回到家，他们通常坐在桌旁，拿出他们的家庭作业 【小科普】由于阅读理解“七选五”文章的选材往往是结构和文意都比较清晰的说明文或议论文，因此，解题时，可首先通过快速浏览，从整体上把握文章的体裁、题材、语篇结构和脉络，掌握其大意。由于此类文章的基本结构多为“总分总”、“总分”和“分总”这三类，而首尾段和首尾句则恰好就是这里的“总”，故通常可通过快速浏览每段的首句和尾句来获得文章的主旨大意。 第二步，定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。 Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends? 5 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness! 原词对应+代词指代：teachers and parents; address this issue= reduce the amount of homework.注意这里的address考察的是熟词僻义，address是解决的意思。 【小科普】从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词：上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 【小科普】为了避免重复，不同的代词可指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。 It 可指代可数名词单数、不可数名词或整个句子；they或them指代可数名词复数；one指代可数名词单数；that 指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代可数名词单数或句子；these 或those 指代可数名词复数。 When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 1 首先把与homework有关的关键词选项留下，得出E选项和G选项；再者我们需要根据下文提示health issues in the body and mind=physical and mental problems.最后G选项当选 【小科普】从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词：英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 4 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class. Take away time= less time for sports and after-school activities= less socializing;根据上述提示所以跟D选项对应。Worse still这里显示的是递进的关系 【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系：递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表递进：besides, furthermore, in addition, also, worse, still, moreover, let alone… 2 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 3 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours. 第二个空考察的是关键词对应，直接对应选上F选项 【小科普】关键词法：一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化， 同（近）义祠和反义词的复现或同一个范畴词的复现等。 考生解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。如： 第三个空考察的是因果逻辑关系+转折逻辑关系；所以关键词直接对应doing much more than that=The more the students do 【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系：在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。 表因果：as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, so, thanks to, due to, since, because（of）… 【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系：转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 表示转折关系的连接词有：However, nevertheless, nonetheless, still；though，yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever，on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise，not...but，as well等。 第三步，确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案 A． Lack of sleep can cause great stress.睡眠不足会造成很大的压力 文章说的是做作业会导致个人时间减少，甚至会带走学生的睡眠时间；但是没有提及因为睡眠不足会导致压力增加 E． Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.与家庭有关的焦虑和压力会对学业产生负面影响。同样也是没有涉及。 第四步，通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. when引导时间状语从句 当学生回到家，他们通常坐在桌旁，拿出他们的家庭作业。 词汇解析： ①sit down 坐下 Can we sit down? I'm worn out. 我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。 ②pull out 摆出困境；拿出 I like the pop you get when you pull out a cork. 我喜欢你拔出瓶塞时弄出的那“砰”的一声。 Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. 成堆的文件一直堆到天花板上。 American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 美国学生每天的家庭作业应该少一些。 词汇解析： On a daily basis 每天 On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. 她每天都提醒我，生活还要继续。 Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems. 无论如何，太多的家庭作业会导致相当多的身体和精神问题。 Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. 大量的家庭作业会给学生带来压力，并导致身心健康问题。 词汇解析： Lead to 导致 A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness. 糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病 Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. 压力会导致睡眠不足、成绩下滑、疲劳、不健康的饮食习惯、抑郁等等。 词汇解析： ①Lack of 缺乏 She suffers from a lack of confidence. 她深受缺乏自信心之苦。 ②tiredness 疲劳；疲倦 Tiredness while driving can kill. 疲劳驾驶会出人命的。 ③depression 抑郁，沮丧 She had slid into a depression. 她不知不觉地抑郁寡欢起来。 Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student. 精神崩溃会使完成家庭作业变得更加困难，也会影响学生的健康和生活。 词汇解析： ①breakdown 故障，损坏 She's still recovering from her breakdown. 她精神崩溃后还在恢复中。 ②struggle 奋斗，斗争 He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。 Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits. 孩子们的运动量超过了推荐量，却没有任何学术上的好处。 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. 建议的时间是10分钟乘以年级水平。 So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. 一年级有10分钟;二年级有20分钟;三年级只有30分钟，以此类推，但孩子们做的远远不止这些。 Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 23%的13岁儿童每晚睡觉超过2小时 The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it. 学生做得越多，从中得到的就越少。 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours. 2小时后对高中生没有任何学习效益，1个半小时后对中学生没有任何学习效益。 Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. 整晚做作业会占用学生的空闲时间和睡眠时间。 词汇解析： Take away 拿走；带走 I'll take away these teacups. 我会把这些茶杯拿走。 Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 总是做作业会导致运动和课外活动的时间减少。 Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict. which引导定语从句修饰主句 家庭时间也减少，这可能会增加更多的家庭冲突。 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. 更糟糕的是，和朋友出去玩的时间减少了，这意味着社交活动减少了。 Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. 熬夜和做作业占用了学生的睡眠时间。 Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class. 睡眠不足会让学生感到疲劳，在学校他们可能会注意力不集中或在课堂上睡着。 Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends? 难道学生不应该少做点作业，这样他们就能开心，有更多的时间和家人朋友在一起吗? Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue. 管理人员、教师和家长需要解决这个问题。 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness! if引导条件状语从句 如果老师和家长设法减少家庭作业的数量，压力和焦虑就会减少，幸福就会增加! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$