暑假作业12 延续性动词与非延续性动词-【暑假分层作业】2024年八年级英语暑假培优练（人教版）

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业12 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词 有些动词表示的是一种短暂的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作，这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”(亦叫点动词或瞬间动词或终止性动词)，在现在完成时中，不能同表示一段时间的状语或How long连用。 这些动词如果要跟一段时间连用，必须改成相应的具有延续性的词。主要一些动词变化形式如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式 buy have He has had this flat for two years. 他已经拥有这套公寓两年了。 borrow keep She has kept this book for three weeks. 她把这本书保存了三个星期。 leave be away from Jane has been away from Chongqing for two weeks. arrive/reach/get be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. come/go/move be in/at My mum has been in Beijing for two months. begin/start be on The meeting has been on for several minutes 会议已经进行了几分钟 stop/finish/end be over The parade has been over for  half an hour. 游行已经结束了半个小时。 die be dead He has been dead for ten years 他已经死了十年了 join be in/be a member of My cousin has been in the army for three years. become be How long has your sister been a teacher? open be open The shop has been open since 1971 该商店自1971年开始营业 close be closed The market has been closed since . get married be married Peter’s parents have been married for years. 彼得的父母已经结婚多年。 get up be up They have been up for two hours. come back be back The lost dog has been back since last night. fall asleep be asleep The cat has been asleep for several hours. 猫已经睡了几个小时了。 go out be out The old man has been out since last Friday. catch a cold have a cold How long have you had a cold? 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 使用注意事项： a)  非延续性动词可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用； Mary has caught a cold. Mary has had a cold for two days. 玛丽感冒了两天。 b)  表示一段时间的时间状语一般为：     ①How long…?     ②for +一段时间；     ③since+一点时间。 c)  非延续性动词的否定形式可以与一段时间连用。 My best friend and I haven't seen each other  since 10 years ago. 我和我最好的朋友从10年前就没有见过面。 一、单项选择 1．I forgot to return the book. I ________ it for two weeks. A．have borrowed B．have lent C．have kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我忘记还书了。我已经保留了两周了。 考查现在完成时。；borrow借入，非延续性动词；lend借出，非延续性动词；keep保留，延续性动词。根据“for two weeks”可知，要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；与时间段连用，用延续性动词keep，所以用have kept。故选C。 2．The Japanese film “The First Slam Dunk” ________ for ten minutes, but I ________ at the cinema yet. A．has begun; haven’t arrived B．has been on; haven’t been C．has begun; haven’t been D．has been on; haven’t arrived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：日本电影《灌篮高手》已经上映了十分钟，但我还没能赶到电影院。 考查现在完成时。begin开始，为非延续性动词；be on上映；arrived到达；have been已经。根据“for ten minutes”可知第一个分句应用现在完成时，且谓语动词应为延续性动词，因此应用be on表示“（电影）上映”，排除A和C；根据“yet”可知第二个分句也应用现在完成时，此处应用arrive at the cinema表示“到达电影院”。故选D。 3．The shop in Wanda Square ________ for six years, but I ________ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been opened; haven’t gone D．has opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：万达广场的商店已经开了六年了，但到目前为止我还没有去过那里。 考查延续性动词和动词短语。根据“for six years”（有六年了）和“so far”（截至目前为止）都表示持续的时间，需和持续性动词连用。open（开始营业）和go（去）都是终止性动词，可排除A、D。open还可做形容词；be open“开放的”，表状态，现在完成时为has been open，排除C；have gone to表示“去了某地”，而have been to表示“曾经去过（现在不在那里）”。but表示转折，结合语境，空处指“还没有去过”，用 haven’t been to，地点副词there之前不用介词。故选B。 4．—Mike, could you please tell me ________? —Ever since 1996. A．how long has he joined the team B．how long he has joined the team C．how long has he been in the team D．how long he has been in the team 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——迈克，你能告诉我他在队里多久了吗？——从1996年开始。 考查宾语从句。 分析句子可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除A、C项；join为非延续性动词，不能用how long连用，应用has been in。故选D。 5．The basketball final ________ for an hour, but we are still very excited. A．has begun B．has ended C．has been on D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：篮球决赛已结束一个小时了，但是我们仍然很激动。 考查延续性动词用法。has begun已经开始，非延续性动词；has ended 已经结束，非延续性动词；has been on已经开始，延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性动词。根据“but we are still very excited”可推测比赛“已经结束”，排除A、C选项，且空后“for an hour”为时间段，应与延续性动词搭配。故选D。 6．—When did your parents ________? —In 2009. They ________ for over 10 years. A．marry; got married B．get married; have married C．marry; have married D．get married; have been married 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你父母什么时候结的婚？——在2009年。他们结婚10多年了。 考查延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法。marry和某人结婚、嫁或娶某人，非延续性及物动词；get married结婚，非延续性动词短语；be married结婚，表示状态，延续性动词短语，能与时间段连用。第一个空后没有宾语，应用get married，排除AC；根据答语中“for over 10 years”可知，第二空所在的句子应用现在完成时，且动词应用延续性的，故排除B。故选D。 7．He ________ China since 30 years ago. A．has left B．has been away from C．has come to D．has arrived in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他30年前就离开了中国。 考查延续性动词及动词辨析。has left已经离开，现在完成时结构，动词是短暂性动词；has been away from已经离开，现在完成时结构，动词是延续性动词；has come to已经来，现在完成时结构，动词是短暂性动词；has arrived in已经到达，现在完成时结构，动词是短暂性动词。根据“since 30 years ago”可知，谓语要用延续性动词的现在完成时。故选B。 8．I must return the book to the library now because I ________ it for two weeks. A．have borrowed B．have lent C．have had D．have kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我现在必须把这本书还给图书馆，因为我已经借了它两个星期了。 考查动词辨析。have borrowed借入，短暂性动词；have lent借出，短暂性动词；have had拥有，延续性动词；have kept持有，保存，延续性动词。根据“for two weeks”可知，设空处需用延续性动词，排除A和B；结合“I must return the book to the library”，所以书不是说话者自己所有的，排除C。故选D。 9．—Can you play the piano？   —Sure. I ___________ the music club for almost two years. A．have been in B．have joined C．joined 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你会弹钢琴吗？——当然，我已经在音乐俱乐部里几乎两年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for almost two years”可知，答语句子时态为现在完成时，此处应用延续性动词。又根据join的延续性动词为be in可知，此处应填have been in。故选A。 10．You ________ the book for two weeks. It’s time to return to the school library. A．have written B．have bought C．have kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本书你已经借了两周了。是时候归还给学校图书馆了。 考查动词辨析。have written已经写了；have bought已经购买；have kept已经保存。根据“It’s time to return to the school library.”可知，此处指把书归还给图书馆，根据“for two books”可知，句子采用现在完成时，谓语应用延续性动词，“借书”应用延续性动词keep。故选C。 二、完成句子 11．They got married three months ago. They for three months. 【答案】 have been married 【详解】句意：他们三个月前结婚了。结合“for three months”可知改写的句子需用现在完成时，主语是they，结构为have done；由于“for three months”指一段时间，因此got married要变为延续性动作“be married”。故填have；been；married。 12．我想知道这本书他借多久了。 I wonder . 【答案】how long he has kept the book 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少了“这本书他借了多久了”，此句是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，how long“多久”，book“书”，borrow“借”是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，需用对应的延续性动词“keep”，它的过去分词是kept，时态应为现在完成时，结构为has/have+动词过去分词，he作主语，助动词用has。故填how long he has kept the book。 13．简的妈妈入党三年了。 Jane’s mother a Party member for three years. 【答案】 has been 【详解】根据“for three years”及句意可知，本句是现在完成时，结构是have/has done，主语“Jane’s mother”是第三人称单数，故用助动词has，“for+一段时间”应与延续性动词连用，be a Party member表状态，可与“for+一段时间”连用。故填has；been。 14．自从巴以冲突爆发，当地人们生活得提心吊胆。 The local people since the Israeli—Palestinian conflict broke out. 【答案】have been worried 【详解】根据句意可知，此处考查“提心吊胆”，译为“be worried”，且根据“since the Israeli—Palestinian conflict broke out.”可知，主句应为现在完成时，且动词为延续性动词，主语为复数，故“have been worried”符合语境。故填have been worried。 15．我的好朋友买这辆汽车超过10年了。 My good friend this car for more than ten years. 【答案】 has had 【详解】根据“for more than ten years”可知，用现在完成时has/have done，动词用延续性动词，have“拥有”，主语是第三人称单数。故填has；had。 16．这本书我已借了一周了。我是上周借的。 I . I borrowed it last week. 【答案】have kept the book for a week/have kept the book for one week 【详解】根据句意可知用现在完成时，其构成是have/has+过去分词，主语是I，助动词用have；borrow是非延续性动词，这里“借”需要用延续性动词，所以改为keep，keep的过去分词为kept；the book“这本书”；for a/one week“一周”。故填have kept the book for a/one week。 17．音乐会已开始一个半小时了。可能快要结束了吧。 The concert for one and a half hours. Maybe it will be over soon. 【答案】has been on 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，设空处意为“已开始”。“for+一段时间”作时间状语时，时态应用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，has been on意为“已经开始”，表示某个事件持续存在了一段时间。故填has been on。 18．他背井离乡多年，思念故友。 He his hometown for years and misses his friends. 【答案】has been away from 【详解】对比中英文句子可知，空格处缺少“离开”的英文表达。根据“for years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时：has/have done，要用be away from表示离开的状态，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词要用has。故填has been away from。 19．I borrowed this book two weeks ago.(用for two weeks 改写句子) I this book for two weeks. 【答案】have kept 【详解】句意：我两周前借了这本书。根据“for two weeks”可知，此句应用现在完成时，和一段时间连用，谓语动词需要用延续性动词，borrow的延续性动词为keep。主语是I，助动词用have，故填have kept。 20．他做班长已经两年多了。 He a monitor for more than two years. 【答案】 has been 【详解】根据“for more than two years”可知用延续性动词，“做班长”be a monitor，此处用现在完成时，主语He后接助动词has，be的过去分词形式been。故填has；been。 三、完型填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One day a young man went to a farm. He lost his work a few days ago, so he was going to 21 a new job there. An old farmer 22 him in his living room. 23 the old farmer asked what he could do to help on the farm, the young man just said. “I can sleep well when the storm comes.” This short answer made the farmer 24 , but he liked the young man very much. Finally the young man got the job and lived on the farm. The 25 was fine until there was a heavy storm one night. The old farmer and his wife (妻子) got up 26 and began to watch the situation on the farm. They wanted to see whether the things were 27 or not. They 28 all the things on their farm. They found the farm tools were safe in the storehouse (仓库). The 29 of the farmhouses were already closed. They were happy that 30 was OK. After that, they walked to the young man’s 31 . They were surprised to see that he was 32 on his bed. The farmer and his wife then understood the 33 of the young man’s words. They said that the young man really did a good 34 . In fact, the young man got everything 35 when the sky was clear. He was not afraid at all, so he could sleep well when the storm came. 21．A．cut out B．take after C．look for D．part with 22．A．met B．showed C．found D．noticed 23．A．Until B．When C．Though D．Because 24．A．excited B．happy C．upset D．surprised 25．A．air B．idea C．weather D．farm 26．A．quickly B．quietly C．suddenly D．slowly 27．A．cheap B．safe C．nice D．new 28．A．counted B．searched C．collected D．checked 29．A．objects B．walls C．windows D．stores 30．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 31．A．hometown B．room C．family D．office 32．A．standing B．sitting C．waking D．sleeping 33．A．saying B．meaning C．function D．occasion 34．A．job B．rule C．role D．example 35．A．clean B．full C．ready D．simple 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个年轻人在农场应聘后，他未雨绸缪，提前做好一切工作，所以当风暴来临时，他可以从容地睡觉。 21．句意：他几天前丢了工作，所以他打算在那里找一份新工作。 cut out切断；take after像；look for寻找；part with放弃。根据“a new job there”可知是寻找新工作。故选C。 22．句意：一位老农民在他的客厅里迎接他。 met遇见；showed展示；found发现；noticed注意到。根据“him in his living room”可知是年轻人来找工作，农民在客厅见了他。故选A。 23．句意：当老农民问他能做些什么来帮助农场时，年轻人只是说。 until直到；when当；though虽然；because因为。根据“the old farmer asked what he could do to help on the farm, the young man just said”可知是当农民问他的时候。故选B。 24．句意：这个简短的回答让农民很惊讶，但他非常喜欢这个年轻人。 excited兴奋的；happy开心的；upset不安的；surprised吃惊的。根据“This short answer made the farmer”可知年轻人说在风暴来临时，他可以睡觉，这让农民很吃惊。故选D。 25．句意：天气很好，直到一天晚上下了一场大风暴。 air空气；idea想法；weather天气；farm农场。根据“was fine until there was a heavy storm”可知是天气很好。故选C。 26．句意：老农民和他的妻子迅速起床，开始观察农场的情况。 quickly快速地；quietly安静地；suddenly突然；slowly慢地。根据“The old farmer and his wife (妻子) got up”可知风暴来了，所以他们是快速起床。故选A。 27．句意：他们想看看情况是否安全。 cheap便宜的；safe安全的；nice好的；new新的。根据“They found the farm tools were safe”可知是看东西是否安全。故选B。 28．句意：他们检查了农场里的所有东西。 counted数数；searched搜寻；collected收集；checked检查。根据“all the things on their farm”可知是检查东西。故选D。 29．句意：农舍的窗户已经关上了。 objects物品；walls墙；windows窗户；stores商店。根据“of the farmhouses were already closed”可知是农舍的窗户关上了。故选C。 30．句意：他们很高兴一切都好。 nothing没有事情；anything任何事情；something一些事；everything所有事。根据“They were happy that...was OK”可知所有东西都很好，他们很开心。故选D。 31．句意：之后，他们走向年轻人的房间。 hometown家乡；room房间；family家庭；office办公室。根据“on his bed”可知是去了年轻人的房间。故选B。 32．句意：他们惊讶地发现他睡在床上。 standing站立；sitting坐；waking醒来；sleeping睡觉。根据“on his bed”可知是床上睡觉。故选D。 33．句意：农夫和他的妻子明白了年轻人的话的意思。 saying谚语；meaning意思；function功能；occasion场合。根据“The farmer and his wife then understood the...of the young man’s words”可知是理解了之前年轻人说的那句话的意思。故选B。 34．句意：他们说这个年轻人确实做得很好。 job工作；rule规则；role角色；example例子。根据“They said that the young man really did a good”可知是年轻人的工作做得很好。故选A。 35．句意：事实上，当天空晴朗的时候，这个年轻人把一切都准备好了。 clean干净的；full满的；ready准备好的；simple简单的。根据“the young man got everything...when the sky was clear”可知是天气晴朗的时候，把一切都准备好了，所以当风暴来临时，他很从容。故选C。 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Zhang Lei is a highly skilled doctor. He was born 36 a lonely mountain village. The children there 37 hardly get good education. However, Zhang Lei not only went to college 38 became an excellent doctor. Then what made him lucky? A volunteer teacher called Han Xue encouraged him, and succeeded in 39 his life. When Han Xue first entered Zhang Lei’s school, she was surprised 40 everything unusual: broken windows, small old desks and chairs. 41 students were of different ages, they all sat in the same classroom. Han Xue realized she should help 42 . In her opinion, many different ways should 43 to do so. One day Zhang Lei made some trouble for fun. The whole class became 44 . Instead of punishing him, Han Xue walked towards Zhang Lei and 45 him to put out his hands. “Look at them 46 ”, Han Xue said in a kind voice, “When I see your little fingers, I know you will become 47 special doctor in the future. Come on!” Zhang Lei was moved because many 48 teachers just punished him in the past. Zhang Lei realized that it was time to make a change. After that, Zhang Lei studied 49 and achieved his dream to be a famous doctor. Whenever Zhang Lei talks about this, he always expresses his 50 to his volunteer teacher. 36．A．on B．in C．at D．over 37．A．could B．can C．couldn’t D．can’t 38．A．but also B．even though C．so that D．even if 39．A．to change B．changed C．changing D．change 40．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 41．A．Until B．As C．When D．Though 42．A．they B．their C．them D．theirs 43．A．use B．be used C．used D．be using 44．A．noise B．noisy C．noisily D．noising 45．A．ask B．asked C．asks D．has asked 46．A．care B．careful C．carelessly D．carefully 47．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 48．A．another B．the others C．other D．the other 49．A．harder B．more hardly C．hardest D．most hardest 50．A．thankful B．thankfully C．thanks D．thanking 【答案】 36．B 37．A 38．A 39．C 40．D 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．B 45．B 46．D 47．A 48．C 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了张磊是一位技术高超的医生，他会如此幸运是源于一位名叫韩雪的支教老师的鼓励。 36．句意：他出生在一个偏僻的山村。 on在……上；in在……里；at在；over在上面。be born in+地点名词，表示“出生在某地“，固定短语，故选B。 37．句意：那里的孩子很难得到良好的教育。 could能，can的过去式；can能，会；couldn’t不能，过去式；can’t不能。根据“Then what made him lucky”可知，那里的孩子几乎得不到好的教育，hardly表示否定意义，所以空处用肯定形式，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用过去式could，故选A。 38．句意：然而，张磊不仅上了大学，而且成为了一名优秀的医生。 but also而且；even though即使，尽管；so that以便；even if即使，尽管。not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，固定搭配，故选A。 39．句意：一位名叫韩雪的支教老师鼓励了他，并成功地改变了他的生活。 to change改变（不定式）；changed改变（过去式）； changing改变（现在分词/动名词）；change改变（原形） 。succeed in doing sth“成功做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语，故选C。 40．句意：当韩雪第一次进入张磊的学校时，她惊讶地发现一切都不寻常：破碎的窗户，旧的小桌椅。 see看见（原形）；saw看见（过去式）；seeing 看见（现在分词/动名词）；to see看见（不定式）。分析句子可知，空处作原因状语，所以用动词不定式，故选D。 41．句意：尽管学生们年龄不同，但他们都坐在同一个教室里。 Until直到；As 因为；When当……时；Though尽管。前半句“students were of different ages”和后半句“ they all sat in the same classroom.”在句意上存在让步关系，所以用though引导原因状语从句，故选D。 42．句意：韩雪意识到她应该帮助他们。 they他们（主格）；their他们的（形容词性物主代词）；them他们（宾格）； theirs他们的（名词性物主代词）。空处作动词help的宾语，所以用人称代词宾格them，故选C。 43．句意：在她看来，应该使用许多不同的方法来做到这一点。 use使用（原形）；be used被使用（被动语态）；used使用（过去式）be using正在使用（进行时）。 主语ways和动词use之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，故选B。 44．句意：全班都变得很嘈杂。 noise噪音（名词）；noisy嘈杂的（形容词）；noisily 吵闹地，喧闹地（副词）；noising散播（现在分词） 。become是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，故选B。 45．句意：韩雪没有惩罚张磊，而是走到张磊面前，让他把手伸出来。 ask要求（原形）；asked要求（过去式）；asks要求（三单形式）；has asked要求（现在完成时）。and连接并列动词，结合“walked ”可知，此处用动词的过去式，故选B。 46．句意：仔细看它们。 care照顾；careful仔细的，小心的；carelessly粗心地；carefully小心地，仔细地。 空处修饰动词look，所以用副词，结合“When I see your little fingers, I know you will become...”可知，应是仔细看，故选D。 47．句意：当我看到你的小手指时，我知道你将来会成为一名特别的医生。 a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指； /零冠词。空后的doctor是单数名词，且special是辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a修饰，故选A。 48．句意：张磊很感动，因为过去很多老师只是惩罚他。 another（三者或以上中的）另一个，后跟单数名词；the others其余的（表示在一个范围内的其他全部）；other其他的，后跟名词复数；the other （两者中的）另一个，后跟单数名词。空后是名词复数teachers ，所以用other修饰，表示“其他老师”，故选C。 49．句意：从那以后，张磊更加努力地学习，实现了成为一名著名医生的梦想。 harder更努力的/地；more hardly错误表达；hardest最努力的/地；most hardest错误表达。语境中是相比以前，张磊学习更努力了，所以用比较级，故选A。 50．句意：每当张磊谈到这件事，他总是对他的支教老师表示感谢。 thankful感谢的，感激的（形容词）；thankfully感谢地（副词）；thanks 谢谢（名词）；thanking致谢，感谢（现在分词）。his后应跟名词作动词express的宾语，所以用thanks，故选C。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业12 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词 有些动词表示的是一种短暂的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作，这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”(亦叫点动词或瞬间动词或终止性动词)，在现在完成时中，不能同表示一段时间的状语或How long连用。 这些动词如果要跟一段时间连用，必须改成相应的具有延续性的词。主要一些动词变化形式如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式 buy have He has had this flat for two years. 他已经拥有这套公寓两年了。 borrow keep She has kept this book for three weeks. 她把这本书保存了三个星期。 leave be away from Jane has been away from Chongqing for two weeks. arrive/reach/get be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. come/go/move be in/at My mum has been in Beijing for two months. begin/start be on The meeting has been on for several minutes 会议已经进行了几分钟 stop/finish/end be over The parade has been over for  half an hour. 游行已经结束了半个小时。 die be dead He has been dead for ten years 他已经死了十年了 join be in/be a member of My cousin has been in the army for three years. become be How long has your sister been a teacher? open be open The shop has been open since 1971 该商店自1971年开始营业 close be closed The market has been closed since . get married be married Peter’s parents have been married for years. 彼得的父母已经结婚多年。 get up be up They have been up for two hours. come back be back The lost dog has been back since last night. fall asleep be asleep The cat has been asleep for several hours. 猫已经睡了几个小时了。 go out be out The old man has been out since last Friday. catch a cold have a cold How long have you had a cold? 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 使用注意事项： a)  非延续性动词可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用； Mary has caught a cold. Mary has had a cold for two days. 玛丽感冒了两天。 b)  表示一段时间的时间状语一般为：     ①How long…?     ②for +一段时间；     ③since+一点时间。 c)  非延续性动词的否定形式可以与一段时间连用。 My best friend and I haven't seen each other  since 10 years ago. 我和我最好的朋友从10年前就没有见过面。 一、单项选择 1．I forgot to return the book. I ________ it for two weeks. A．have borrowed B．have lent C．have kept 2．The Japanese film “The First Slam Dunk” ________ for ten minutes, but I ________ at the cinema yet. A．has begun; haven’t arrived B．has been on; haven’t been C．has begun; haven’t been D．has been on; haven’t arrived 3．The shop in Wanda Square ________ for six years, but I ________ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been opened; haven’t gone D．has opened; haven’t been 4．—Mike, could you please tell me ________? —Ever since 1996. A．how long has he joined the team B．how long he has joined the team C．how long has he been in the team D．how long he has been in the team 5．The basketball final ________ for an hour, but we are still very excited. A．has begun B．has ended C．has been on D．has been over 6．—When did your parents ________? —In 2009. They ________ for over 10 years. A．marry; got married B．get married; have married C．marry; have married D．get married; have been married 7．He ________ China since 30 years ago. A．has left B．has been away from C．has come to D．has arrived in 8．I must return the book to the library now because I ________ it for two weeks. A．have borrowed B．have lent C．have had D．have kept 9．—Can you play the piano？   —Sure. I ___________ the music club for almost two years. A．have been in B．have joined C．joined 10．You ________ the book for two weeks. It’s time to return to the school library. A．have written B．have bought C．have kept 二、完成句子 11．They got married three months ago. They for three months. 12．我想知道这本书他借多久了。 I wonder . 13．简的妈妈入党三年了。 Jane’s mother a Party member for three years. 14．自从巴以冲突爆发，当地人们生活得提心吊胆。 The local people since the Israeli—Palestinian conflict broke out. 15．我的好朋友买这辆汽车超过10年了。 My good friend this car for more than ten years. 16．这本书我已借了一周了。我是上周借的。 I . I borrowed it last week. 17．音乐会已开始一个半小时了。可能快要结束了吧。 The concert for one and a half hours. Maybe it will be over soon. 18．他背井离乡多年，思念故友。 He his hometown for years and misses his friends. 19．I borrowed this book two weeks ago.(用for two weeks 改写句子) I this book for two weeks. 20．他做班长已经两年多了。 He a monitor for more than two years. 三、完型填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One day a young man went to a farm. He lost his work a few days ago, so he was going to 21 a new job there. An old farmer 22 him in his living room. 23 the old farmer asked what he could do to help on the farm, the young man just said. “I can sleep well when the storm comes.” This short answer made the farmer 24 , but he liked the young man very much. Finally the young man got the job and lived on the farm. The 25 was fine until there was a heavy storm one night. The old farmer and his wife (妻子) got up 26 and began to watch the situation on the farm. They wanted to see whether the things were 27 or not. They 28 all the things on their farm. They found the farm tools were safe in the storehouse (仓库). The 29 of the farmhouses were already closed. They were happy that 30 was OK. After that, they walked to the young man’s 31 . They were surprised to see that he was 32 on his bed. The farmer and his wife then understood the 33 of the young man’s words. They said that the young man really did a good 34 . In fact, the young man got everything 35 when the sky was clear. He was not afraid at all, so he could sleep well when the storm came. 21．A．cut out B．take after C．look for D．part with 22．A．met B．showed C．found D．noticed 23．A．Until B．When C．Though D．Because 24．A．excited B．happy C．upset D．surprised 25．A．air B．idea C．weather D．farm 26．A．quickly B．quietly C．suddenly D．slowly 27．A．cheap B．safe C．nice D．new 28．A．counted B．searched C．collected D．checked 29．A．objects B．walls C．windows D．stores 30．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 31．A．hometown B．room C．family D．office 32．A．standing B．sitting C．waking D．sleeping 33．A．saying B．meaning C．function D．occasion 34．A．job B．rule C．role D．example 35．A．clean B．full C．ready D．simple 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Zhang Lei is a highly skilled doctor. He was born 36 a lonely mountain village. The children there 37 hardly get good education. However, Zhang Lei not only went to college 38 became an excellent doctor. Then what made him lucky? A volunteer teacher called Han Xue encouraged him, and succeeded in 39 his life. When Han Xue first entered Zhang Lei’s school, she was surprised 40 everything unusual: broken windows, small old desks and chairs. 41 students were of different ages, they all sat in the same classroom. Han Xue realized she should help 42 . In her opinion, many different ways should 43 to do so. One day Zhang Lei made some trouble for fun. The whole class became 44 . Instead of punishing him, Han Xue walked towards Zhang Lei and 45 him to put out his hands. “Look at them 46 ”, Han Xue said in a kind voice, “When I see your little fingers, I know you will become 47 special doctor in the future. Come on!” Zhang Lei was moved because many 48 teachers just punished him in the past. Zhang Lei realized that it was time to make a change. After that, Zhang Lei studied 49 and achieved his dream to be a famous doctor. Whenever Zhang Lei talks about this, he always expresses his 50 to his volunteer teacher. 36．A．on B．in C．at D．over 37．A．could B．can C．couldn’t D．can’t 38．A．but also B．even though C．so that D．even if 39．A．to change B．changed C．changing D．change 40．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 41．A．Until B．As C．When D．Though 42．A．they B．their C．them D．theirs 43．A．use B．be used C．used D．be using 44．A．noise B．noisy C．noisily D．noising 45．A．ask B．asked C．asks D．has asked 46．A．care B．careful C．carelessly D．carefully 47．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 48．A．another B．the others C．other D．the other 49．A．harder B．more hardly C．hardest D．most hardest 50．A．thankful B．thankfully C．thanks D．thanking ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$