假期必刷16 主题语境——自然灾害与防范-【快乐假期】2024年高二英语暑假衔接一轮大作业

快乐假期 假期必刷16 主题语境—自然灾害与防范 主题词汇积累 核心单词 3.unaware 无意识的 ●名词 4.destructive 破坏性的 1.disaster 灾难：灾害 5.homeless 无家可归的 2.tornado 龙卷风：旋风 6.live 活着的 3.tsunami 海啸 7.occasional 偶然的 4.magnitude (地)震级；重大 8.dangerous 危险的 5.volcano 火山 9.severe 极为严重的 6.typhoon 台风 10.frequent 频繁的 7.hurricane (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 常用词块 8.emergency 突发事件：紧急情况 1.protect...from... 9.death 死；死亡 保护…免受…的侵害 10.revival 振兴：复苏 2.do harm to 对…造成损害 ●动词 3.in ruins 严重受损 1.destroy 摧毁：毁灭 2.evacuate 疏散；撤出；撤离 4.come to one's rescue 来救某人 3.cause 导致：引起 5.suffer from 遭受 4.trap 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 6.in advance 预先：事先 5.bury 埋葬：安葬 7.put out 扑灭 6.rescue 营救：救援 8.in danger(of) 处于危险之中 7.suffer 遭受；蒙受 9.escape from 逃离 8.affect 影响 10.lose one's life 失去生命 9.strike 侵袭 11.be flooded with 被…淹没 10.explode 爆炸 12.return to normal 恢复正常 ●形容词 13.cause great damage 造成巨大的损害 1.extreme 极端的：严重的 14.in advance 提前：预先 2.brave 勇敢的 15.be greatly affected 深受影响 主体词汇练清 一、单词拼写（根据汉语提示写出单词） 4.The signs of an economic (复苏) 1.It is an area where natural (灾难) are only just beginning. often happen. 5.Most of the evidence was (毁掉) 2.I want to know the (震级)of in the fire,thus making it almost impossi- this equipment. ble to prove the murderer guilty. 3.If you know first aid methods,you can be calmer and more helpful in case of 6.They agreed on how to (撤离)the (紧急情况). civilians from the island. 66 三0022 高二语 7.The south of the country was worst 2.The city was ruins in consequence (影响)by the drought. of/as a consequence of a severe earth- 8.A snowstorm (侵袭)the north of quake. Xinjiang,causing great loss in property. 3.Nowadays,people can predict the weather 9.The eruption of a volcano is (破坏 conditions one or two weeks ad- 性的)but beneficial to crops years later.. vance. 10.The foggy streets were virtually empty, 4.Millions of people suffer a serious except for the (偶然的)evening lack of sleep caused by long work hours. runner. 5.To their relief,their students narrowly es- 二、词形转换（用所给单词的正确形式填空） caped the shaking building. 1.We are concerned at the high 6.Many species of animals are in danger (frequent)of racial attacks in the district. dying out. 2.The country was (severe)affected 四、形变动词（用所给动词的正确形式填空） by the tsunami. 1.In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, 3.It would be (danger)for her to go many people especially those in poverty- to the forest alone. stricken areas are suffering from 4.In spite of the terrible earth-quake,people (starve). of this area could face the disaster 2.1 (trap)in the heavy rain on the (brave). way to school yesterday. 5.We should make a correct assessment of 3.With so many miners (bury)un- (history)figures. der the mine,none of the rescue workers 6.He is a truthful person:therefore I would stop to have a rest. (extreme)trust him. 4.It was with the help of the local guide that 7.Many people are (aware)of just the mountain climber was (res- how much food and drink they consume. cue). 8.It is estimated that smoking causes 100,000 5.Women who eat plenty of fresh vegetables premature (death)every year. are far less likely (suffer)anxiety 三、固定搭配（在空格处填上1个适当的单词） or depression. 1.It does serious harm children's 6.Two bombs exploded in the centre of that character that too much violence is shown city and the (explode)caused seven on television. deaths. 主题佳句赏析 1.I learned that a terrible earthquake hap- 2.I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster, which caused six deaths and left more than pened in your city.I am really concerned 500 persons injured,29 persons missing and about you and your family. over 200 houses falling down. 我得知你们城市发生了一场可怕的地震。 得知这场灾难我感到很难过，它造成6人死 亡，500多人受伤，29人失踪，200多所房屋 我真的很担心你和你的家人。 倒塌。 67 火壑快乐假期 3.The Chinese people are donating money and 5.The emergency workers continued to search materials to fight the earthquake. the ruined buildings for victims and succee- ded in saving some survivors. 全国人民正在为抗震救灾捐款、捐物。 救援队员们继续在倒塌的楼房中搜寻遇难 4.Everyeffort will be made to save lives if 者，成功地救出了几名幸存者。 there is the slightest hope. 6.We must take effective measures to help the 如果有一线希望，就要千方百计挽救 villagers to rebuild their homes. 我们必须采取有效的措施来帮助村民们重 生命。 建家园。 主体文本集训 I.阅读理解 "I must have blacked out because the next A thing I remember is waking up underwater." A 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the In The water was still and black.Lang donesian coast sent a wall of water racing to- looked up and could see that at the top,there ward Thailand,Malaysia and Sri Lanka.Lang was a small circle of light.She started swim- was on the island of Ko Phi Phi,just south of ming through the water and made it to the Phuket,Thailand,shopping on Main Street surface of the water.She pulled herself onto a with her friend Rubina Wong,when suddenly floating door and could see that the whole is- land was flooded and a lot of buildings were everything changed."People started running gone.She could see a house not far away and inland.From where we were,we could not a man on its roof.She encouraged herself to see the beach so we had no idea what was go- climb over the floating objects to the balcony ing on,”she said. (阳台)of the house.From there she saw the Lang and Rubina started running inland water start to slowly go back to the ocean. in the same direction as everyone else,when 1.What was Lang doing when the tsunami she noticed water flooding into the island,but happened? so strong and fast that she could no longer lift A.She was running in a race. her feet to run.Rubina had gone down a side B.She was playing on the beach. street.Lang never saw her alive again. C.She was shopping in the street. Lang was stuck underwater between deb- D.She was looking for her friend. ris(碎片)with the surface just above her 2.Why was Lang unable to run? face.“The more I struggled(挣扎)，the A.There was a wall in the way. tighter I was stuck.I could not reach the sur- B.She feared she would get lost. face.I thought I came here on my vacation to C.She had to wait for her friend. die,and then I got really annoyed,"she said. D.The racing water was too powerful. 68 三0022 高二英语 3.What can we learn about Lang from Para- tions and had not made suitable investments graph 3? (投资)in disaster control. A.She didn't want to struggle. So,to improve forecasting,the meteoro- B.She was trapped underwater. logical sector has prolonged the time limit for C.She didn't regret going on vacation. weather forecasting and warning for natural D.She kept awake all the time in the water. disasters to 10 days.Seasonal forecasting peri- 4.How did Lang manage to save herself? od is also prolonged.Forecasts for storms are A.By calling for help. informed three or five days in advance and B.By hiding in a house. warnings for thunderstorms released from 30 C.By climbing up a tall tree. minutes to two hours in advance.Marine D.By making use of floating objects. weather forecasting has seen great improve- B ment thanks to new foreign technologies. In Vietnam,since the beginning of this Wave forecasting models have been detailed year,natural disasters have been increasingly within four kilometres,and the forecast period unusual,with unseasonal rains and flooding is up to 10 days.Authorities are asked to pro- accompanied by thunderstorms,strong winds tect the dams(大坝)and exactly advise the and storms. National Steering Committee for Natural Dis- From March 30 to April 2,heavy rain in aster Prevention and Control to take action the central region caused widespread damage, and overcome the bad effects of natural disas- especially to agricultural(农业的)produc- ters. tion.Such heavy rain has led to landslides and In the future,the VDMA will strengthen floods in mountainous areas,as well as flood- science and technology in disaster manage- ing in urban areas.From April 15 to 28,41 ment. earthquakes were recorded in Kon Plong District. 5.What disasters has Vietnam experienced in Speaking about the natural disasters,es- the second half of April? pecially heavy rain,Deputy Director of the Vi- A.Heavy rains. B.Earthquakes. etnam Disaster Management Authority (VD- C.Storms. D.Landslides. MA)Nguyen Van Tien said that they were 6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? getting worse because of climate change.An- A.The reason for severe flooding. other reason is that the authorities and people B.The time of several disasters. in some places did not pay enough attention to C.The advice on keeping safety. the disasters.They did not have strict solu- D.The way of avoiding flooding. 69 飞快乐限期 7.How has the meteorological sector improved Keep informed and pay special attention weather forecasting for natural disasters? to local information. A.By enlarging forecast areas. 4 So,if possible,listen to the radio B.By introducing more experts. and check the Internet or social media for the C.By advancing forecasting time. latest information.If you live in a flood-prone D.By reducing the seasonal forecasting pe- (洪水频发的)area and are told to evacuate, riod. do it immediately.Just remember:Avoid flood wa- 8.Where can the text be found? ters at all costs and evacuate immediately when A.In a science book. water starts to rise.Don't wait until it's too late! B.In a scary novel. 5 C.In a biography. When flood waters end,the damage left D.In a daily newspaper. behind can be dangerous.Don't enter a flood- Ⅱ.阅读七选五 damaged house or building until you're al- Floods are too much water on dry land. lowed by authorities(官方).If you enter a Flooding can happen anytime.If you know flood-damaged building,its ceiling(天花板) what to do in a flood,you can increase your may fall,its gas may run out and the live pow- chances of survival and better protect your er lines can be deadly,which is too danger- personal wealth.1 ous Being prepared before the flood. A.Remember the water always goes away. It is necessary to have enough food,wa- B.Do not come back instantly after the flood ter and medicine on hand at all times to last ends. you at least 3 days in the case of an emergen- C.The moving water may knock you off your cy.Water supplies may be cut off or unsafe to feet. drink.2 You should also prepare blan- D.Here are some tips on how to stay safe in a kets,flashlights,a first aid kit,and so on. flood event. Keep yourself safe. E.A flood may cause very big damage if it Don't go into any room and stay out of happens without warning water that may have electricity in it!Don't F.During a flood,water levels and the rate of walk through moving flood water.3 It the water flowing can quickly change. may be deeper than it looks and there may be G.Food requiring little cooking and no refrig- some hidden dangers such as sharp objects,e- eration may be needed if there's no elec- lectrical wires,chemicals,etc. tricity. 70高二英语 4. universally[考查词性转换。修饰动词acknowledged应 假期必刷16 用副词,故填universally。] 主体词汇练清 5.when[考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或 一、1. disasters 2. magnitude 3. emergency 表语,所以应用关系副词。先行词为atime(时代),故填 4. revival 5. destroyed 6. evacuate 7. affected when。] 8. struck 9. destructive 10. occasional 6. hasbeenused [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根 二、1. frequency 2. severely 3. dangerous 4. bravely 据since the Tang and the Song dynasties 可知时态应用 5. historical 6. extremely 7. unaware 8. deaths 现在完成时。主语 inkpador red inkpaste和动词use构 三、1. to 2. in 3. in 4. from 5. from 6. of 成被动语态,且根据就前原则,谓语动词应用第三人称单 四、1. starvation 2. was trapped 3. buried 数,故填has been used。] 4. rescued 5. to suffer 6. explosion 7. categories[考查名词的单复数。名词category为可数 主体文本集训 名词,所以two后应用复数形式,故填categories。] I.A.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了 8. those [考查代词。此处代指前文提到的seals,所以应 主人公Lang在海啸中逃生的经历。 用指示代词,故填those。] 1.C [细节理解题。根据第一段“Langwasonthe island 9.made [考查非谓语动词。make和逻辑主语the logo构 ...when suddenly everything changed.”可知,海啸发生时. 成被动关系,且事情已经完成,所以应用过去分词作后置 Lang正和朋友在逛街购物。 定语,故填made。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“shenoticedwater flood- 10.a [考查冠词。此处是第一次提到可数名词combina ing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could tion,所以应是泛指,故填a。] no longer lift her feet to run”可知,涌向岛上的水流很急、 写作专项突破三 水力很大,Lang根本跑不动。] 3.B [推理判断题。根据第三段“Langwasstuck...1 I. [参考范文 could not reach the surface.”可知,Lang被困在了水里, An exhibition of paintings is ongoing in our school 无法动弹。] gym,whose theme is ancient architecture. Held from 10:00 4.D [细节理解题。根据最后一段“She pulledherself onto am to 5:oo pm every day, this activity will last for one week a floating door... objects to the balcony(阳台) of the until May 1oth. There are varieties of paintings in the exhi house.”可知,Lang利用水中的漂流物支撑着自己,最终 bition, including famous Chinese and foreign architecture. 她爬到不远处一座房子的阳台上,脱离了危险。] Despite the bad weather, many teachers and students B. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了越 showed great interest in those paintings and said the paint- 南人为应对自然灾害所做的努力,旨在引导学生关注自然 ings broadened their horizons and increased their knowledge 灾害,学习防护自然灾害的知识。 greatly. 5.B [根据第二段第三句可知,4月后半月,越南Kon There is no doubt that the exhibition really benefits us. Plong地区共经历了41次地震。] I highly recommend you to pay a visit to the exhibition. 6. A [根据第三段第一句中的“theywere getting worse II.[参考范文] because of climate change”和第二句中的“Another rea My dad tapped me gently on the shoulder, and we son”可知,第三段主要是关于造成严重水灾的原因。] went inside. Sitting back to our meal,Dad, smilingly, up 7.C [根据第四段第一句和第二句可知气象部门通过提前 dated me on recent events in his work without a mere men 预测时间来改进对自然灾害的预报。] tion of the crazy dough wildly dancing outside, which served 8.D [通读文章可知本文主要介绍了越南应对自然灾害所 wonderfully as a gentle embarrassment reliever. However. 做的努力,是一篇新闻报道。由此可知,这篇文章可能出 while doing the dishes after dinner, Dad said to me with 现在报纸中。] firmness in his voice, "You don't have to be an expert on II.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遇 making bread, but you do have to do your research before 到洪水时的四条注意事项。文章旨在让学生通过学习洪水 taking action. There is no such thing as an easy way out." 逃生的相关知识,学会在危险发生时保护自己。 And that was the starting point of my journey of making the 1.D [设空处前提到,知道面临洪水时应该怎么做对于增 加生存机会和保护个人财富很重要;设空处后几个段落 perfect bread. 是应对洪水时的具体注意事项。D项既承接了上文面对 At a party three months later, eueryone wanted to try 洪水时知道如何做的重要性,同时又与下文中几个面对 my bread. The rest of the night slipped away, filled with 洪水时的具体注意事项相呼应。] inquiries about my secret recipe. Yet, hardly was there a 2.G [设空处前一句提到,洪水来临时可能会面临饮用水 different answer other than"Beauty comes from balance and 短缺问题;设空处后提到我们还应该准备毯子、手电和急 patience." To be frank, that was exactly what I'd learnt 救箱等。因此设空处也应与应对洪水具体的准备措施相 during my numerous experiments. An amazing loaf of bread 关。G项中的“Food”与设空处前后提到的“watersup required suitable balance of ingredients as well as enormous plies”及“blankets,flashlights,a first aid kit"为并列关系. patience of waiting for the dough to rise. Countless as my 均是提前应对洪水的具体措施。] failures to make tasty bread were, every single moment of 3.C [设空处前一句提到,不要穿越洪水;设空处后一句提 them was cherished. Along the journey, I've developed 到了在洪水中行走可能存在的具体危险。因此,设空处 from the man whose dough sighed in a dustbin to the man 应与穿越洪水这一话题相关。C项中的“movingwater' whose bread made your taste buds dance. 与空前句中的“movingwater”为同词复现;且C项中的 ##6朵假期 “knockyou off your feet”为穿越洪水时可能发生的危险, 7. B [细节理解题。根据第四段This is the rule of sports 与设空处后的具体危险相呼应。] 一thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will 4.F [根据段落小标题可知,本段主要建议在洪水期间应 eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. 可 及时关注了解当地信息。根据设空后的单词“So”可知, 知,我们可以从体育运动的规律中了解到,即使是最强的 设空处与设空处后一句构成因果关系。F项中的“wa 运动员也有被打败的一天。] ter...change”是设空处后一句建议人们听广播、上网、社 8.A [文章大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段Topartic 交媒体获取最新消息的原因。] ipate and to win一that is the Olympic spirit.可知,本文主 5.B [观察设空处位置及其他段落小标题特点可知,设空 要讲的是运动员的精神。] 处应为本段小标题且为祈使句,应能概括本段主旨。本 II. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,文章就如何撰写职 段主要强调虽然洪水已经过去,但危险仍然存在,建议不 业发展规划给出了四个建议,旨在引导学生明确自己的职 要着急进入被洪水破坏的建筑内。因此,设空处也应与 业规划并为之努力。 注意洪水过后的危险的话题相关。设空下文中的“Don't 1.G [空前提到了学习如何撰写职业发展规划的作用,下 enter a flood-damaged house or building”是对B项“在洪 文则给出了四个建议。设空处位于段尾,应能总结前文 水过后不要立即返回”这一建议的具体例证。 或承上启下。G项能够引出下文提出的四个建议,且其 假期必刷17 中的"write a career plan,与空前的"write a career devel- 主体词汇练清 opment plan”相呼应。] 一、1. opportunity 2. profile 3. salary 4. position 2.E [空前问及如何用几个术语定义自己的职业生涯,由 5. certificate 6. interview 7. further 8. creative 本段标题及第一句可知,可以根据感兴趣的领域来定义, 9. dismiss 10. recommend 空后则提到在高校任教的职业方向。因此,设空处应能 二、1. occupation 2. qualifications 3. assistant 够引出具体事例,E项为空前问题的举例,且与感兴趣的 4. applications 5. employee 6. skilled 7. creativity 领域相关,其中的“workinanacademic field”与空后的 “teaching at a college-level"相呼应。] 8. retirement 三、1. out 2. in 3. at 4. up 5. for 6. to 3.F [空前提到考虑一下如何在职业上定义自己,空后则 四、1. had been achieved 2. appointed 3. belongs 问及是否被热衷的爱好或其他因素所驱使。由此可知, 4. educated 5. be employed 6. resigned 设空处应与如何定义自己相关,F项能够与上文形成并 主体文本集训 列关系,且其中的“whatdrivesyou”和“whatkindof A.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个将职 worker you are”分别与下文中的“motivational factor”和 业与课程联系在一起的新型实验室--FabLab。文章旨 “personal skills”相呼应。] 在引导学生了解不同职业,将所学课程与未来职业联系到 4.B [空前提到花点时间评估现在所处的阶段,空后则询 一起。 问是否正在开启学业向职业的转换。因此,设空处应与 1.B [根据第一段可知,年仅11岁的Juliet可以自己制造 在职业规划上所处的阶段相关。B项为疑问句,询问是否 无人机,并且能够熟练操纵,而且她很早就对自己未来的 刚刚完成学业,能够与空后句构成并列关系,且放在此处 职业有规划:成为一名机械工程师。由此可推知,此处提 能够很好地衔接上下文。] 5.D 到Iuliet的无人机是为了赞扬她要当工程师的雄心 [结合其他段落标题句可知,设空处应为析使句。根 壮志。] 据本段中的“what would you ideally be in5 years”以及 2.D [根据第三段第一、二句可知,Fab实验室是该学校将 “Write down your ultimate career goal.”可知,本段建议 职业规划纳入学校课程的一种方式,能帮助学生亲身体 考虑自己未来的职业。D项能够概括本段内容。 验他们将来可能会选择的职业中的各种工具。由此可 假期必刷18 知,该实验室的主要任务是将职业规划融入学生的日常 主体词汇练清 学习中。了 一、1. suspected 2. developed 3. smart 4. artificial 3.C [根据最后一段中Tobie所说的话可知,在他看来,职 5. devoted 6. determined 7. robots 8. method 业规划与探索能培养年轻人的能力,而我们则需要帮助 9. database 10. software 学生即年轻人尽早地做出职业决策。由此可推知,他可 二、1. technical 2. systematic 3. intelligent 能会同意职业准备应尽早开始这一观点。 4. convenience 5. automatically 6. electronic 4.A [通读全文可知,本文通过介绍学校建立的一个新型 7. scientific 8. robots 实验室FabLab--以此帮助学生了解职业信息,能够将 三、1. of 2. on 3. to 4. to 5. With 6. to 所学课程和职业联系到一起,故A项可以概括本文 四、1. invention 2. updated 3. downloading 主旨。] 4. has been/is calculated 5. simplified 6. advanced B.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了运动 主体文本集训 员在职业生涯中不懈追求的精神。 I.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻 5.C [写作手法题。根据第一段一名跳水运动员被击败的 省理工学院的研究人员开发出了一种可穿载设备Al- 经历,引出下文对运动员精神的介绍,故第一段的作用是 terEgo,它能够真实地表达一个人的想法,并允许他们与计 引出本篇文章的主题。] 算机对话,而不会被其他人听到;同时介绍了AlterEgo的工 [细节理解题。根据第四段It finds expression in the 6.D 作原理和对人类交流的影响。 weak daring to challenge the strong, and the strong 1.B [写作手法题。根据第二段:读心术并不像你想象的 searching forever better performance. 可知,推动运动员 那么牵强。事实上,麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发 前进的理想是取得比以往更大的成就。] 出一种可穿戴设备,它可以真实地表达一个人的想法,并 118