精品解析：广东省江门市新会第一中学等2023-2024学年高二下学期5月联考英语试卷

2023-2024 学年度第二学期 5月联考 高二英语试卷 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁， 考试结束后， 将答题卷收回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Top Five Youngest Olympics Gold Medal Winners of All-Time Marjorie Gestring Marjorie Gestring of the US was only 13 years and 268 days old when she won the gold medal for her country. The diver won the medal at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games to become the youngest individual Olympic gold medalist. She would have won more gold medals considering her talent if it were not for the World War Ⅱ. Klaus Zerta Klaus Zerta was only 13 years and 283 days old when he won a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Italy. Klaus was from West Germany but represented the unified team of Germany at the Olympics. Moreover, he is the youngest confirmed male athlete to win a gold medal in the history of the Summer Olympics. Nishiya Momiji The ongoing Tokyo Olympics saw a few record-breaking feats in the skateboarding event. Japan’s Nishiya Momiji became the first ever women’s Olympic skateboarding champion. The athlete is merely 13 years and 330 days old which makes her one of the youngest individual gold medal winners in the history of the Olympics. Fu Mingxia Chinese female diver Fu Mingxia is popular for being one of the youngest Olympic diving champions. She was born on August 16 1978, and won a gold medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. She was 15 days older than Nishiya Momiji when they each won their first Olympic gold medal. Fu Mingxia dominated the sport throughout the 1990s with her skills in extremely difficult dives. In the coming years, she won three more Olympic gold medals and a silver across the platform and springboard events. Nadia Comaneci Nadia Comaneci is from Romania and is a five-time Olympic gold medalist. In 1976, she became the first gymnast to receive a perfect score of 10. She was merely 14 years old when she secured the Gold at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. Interestingly, back then, a gymnast had to be 14 to participate but later the age limit went up to 16 years. Therefore, Nadia’s record cannot be broken. 1. What do we know about Marjorie Gestring? A. She was the first women’s Olympic skateboarding champion. B. She dominated the sport throughout the 1990s with her skills. C. The war prevented her from achieving more. D. A perfect score of 10 for a gymnast belonged to her. 2. How old was Fu Mingxia when she won a gold medal in Barcelona? A. 13 years and 315 days old. B. 13 years and 345 days old. C. 13 years and 283 days old. D. 13 years and 268 days old. 3. In which section of a webpage can you find the passage? A. News. B. Sports. C. Life. D. History. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了历史上最年轻的五位奥运金牌获得者。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“She would have won more gold medals considering her talent if it were not for the World War Ⅱ.(如果不是第二次世界大战，考虑到她的天赋，她会赢得更多的金牌)”可知，战争阻止Marjorie Gestring获得更多的成就。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“she was born on August 16, 1978, and won a gold medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. She was 15 days older than Nishiya Momiji when they each won their first Olympic gold medal.. (她出生于1978年8月16日，曾在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上获得金牌。她比Nishiya Momiji大15天，当时两人都获得了第一枚奥运金牌。)”根据第三段“Japan’s Nishiya Momiji became the first ever women’s Olympic skateboarding champion. The athlete is merely 13 years and 330 days old”（日本的Nishiya Momiji成为第一位奥运会女子滑板冠军。这位运动员只有13岁零330天）可知，伏明霞获得奥运金牌时的年纪是13岁345天。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据标题“Top Five Youngest Olympics Gold Medal Winners of All-Time(历史上最年轻的五位奥运金牌获得者)”以及下文对五位运动员的介绍推知，本文可以在网页的“体育”部分找到。故选B。 B In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time to safely preserve it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”. In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital. As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals, thus standardizing the hospitals’ procedures. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives. With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. The government appointed him as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles. 4. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations? A. The inability to preserve blood. B. The shortage of blood donors. C. The challenge of blood infection. D. The failure to identify blood types. 5. What does the underlined word “uniform” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Legal. B. Varied. C. Acceptable. D. Identical. 6. How did Drew contribute to the pilot program in New York? A. He aided in producing the dried plasma in quantities. B. He established the first Red Cross blood bank. C. He reduced the possibility of the war. D. He invented bloodmobiles to produce blood for patients. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Life of Dr. Charles Drew B. The Inventor of the Blood Bank C. A Savior of Lives During Wartime D. A Pioneer in Blood Transportation 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use.(在20世纪30年代末，人们可以献血，但很少有医院能储存血液供日后使用。)”可知，在20世纪30年代末，涉及到献血医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。故选A项。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established  uniform  procedures for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals, thus standardizing the hospitals’ procedures. ”（德鲁以长老会医院的血库为模型，建立了纽约九家医院采集血液和处理血浆的uniform程序，从而使医院的程序标准化。）可知，德鲁在纽约九家医院建立了统一的采血和血浆处理程序。故划线词的意思是“完全相同的；同一的”。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. The government appointed him as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.”（政府任命他为纽约一个为期三个月的大规模生产干血浆试点项目的助理主任，该项目成为第一个红十字会血库的样板。他对这个项目的创新包括流动献血站，后来被称为献血车。）可知，德鲁对纽约的试点项目的贡献是他帮助大量生产干血浆，并创新性地设置了流动献血站。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title ‘Father of the Blood Bank.’(黑人外科医生兼研究员查尔斯·德鲁帮助解决了医学界的这一重大问题，为他赢得了‘血库之父’的称号。)”可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”，由此可推测出，B项“血库的发明者”最适合作本文标题。故选B项。 C It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out to be wrong. A recent study finds that the woman in the famous painting is actually gazing 15.4 degrees to the right of the viewer — well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. The study's author, Horstmann, said “She’s not really looking at you, which is kind of funny because people often think the subject’s gaze (凝视) in artworks or photos seems to follow them around. This is called the ‘Mona Lisa effect’. Even if someone is painted looking straight, viewers from different angles still feel they’re being looked at.” As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side. Surprisingly, this might give the impression that the character isn't looking at anyone. Instead, keep their gaze straight. Observers directly in front, within a reasonable angle, will feel the character's stare, thus improving interactivity. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers had 24 people look at pictures of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer. They put a ruler between the screen and the viewer. They asked the people to see where Mona Lisa’s eyes met the ruler. They moved the ruler to measure Mona Lisa’s gaze. They found that most people thought Mona Lisa wasn’t looking directly at them, but a bit to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first came up with the name “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 8. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa” ______. A. attracts the viewers to look back. B. seems mysterious because of her eyes. C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers. D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand. 9. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 10. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to ____________. A. confirm Horstmann’s new discovery. B. create artificial-intelligence avatars. C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze. D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于达芬奇名画《蒙娜丽莎》中人物凝视方向的研究，解释了所谓的“蒙娜丽莎效应”实际上是一种误解，并探讨了该效应在人机交互中的应用，以及人们为何普遍认为画中人物在注视自己的心理原因。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. (众所周知，在莱昂纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画作中，这个女人似乎会回头看观察者，无论他们站在房间的哪个位置，她的眼睛都会跟着他们。)”可知，人们普遍认为，画中的女人“蒙娜丽莎”无论观众站在哪里，都要看着他们。故答案为D。 9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs (只要人们凝视的角度不超过5度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。)”可知，只要一个人的凝视的角度两边都不超过5度，蒙娜丽莎效应就会发生。故答案为B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers had 24 people look at pictures of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer. (霍斯特曼和他的合著者正在研究这一效应，以便将其应用于人工智能化身的创造中，这时霍斯特曼长时间地看了看《蒙娜丽莎》，发现她并没有在看他。为了确保不只是他，研究人员让24个人在电脑上看《蒙娜丽莎》的照片。)”可知，为了确保不仅仅是他一个人有这种感觉，研究人员让24个人在电脑屏幕上去看蒙娜丽莎的图像，以证实霍斯特曼的新发现。故答案为A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段中“It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first came up with the name “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. (他说，有可能人们有被注视的欲望，所以他们认为这个女人在直视他们。或者，最初提出“蒙娜丽莎效应”这个名字的人只是觉得这个名字很酷。)”可知，被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为渴望被关注。故答案为C。 D Is it better to have powerful generative AI systems open or closed? This question is quickly becoming a significant technological and ideological (思想上的) debate in our times! Supporters believe they help more people use the technology create new ideas, and make it more reliable by encouraging outside inquiry. Smaller open models are cheaper to make and use, and they add competition to a field mostly controlled by big US companies like Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI, who have spent billions on making huge, private, and closely controlled generative Al systems. However, those who disagree say that open models could cause a lot of problems. Bad people can use them to spread false information that is personalized, and terrorists might use them to create cyber or bioweapons. Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned that open source allows more crazy people to do crazy things. Supporters of open models disagree, finding it ridiculous that open generative AI models enable people to access information that they can’t find on the internet or from a bad scientist. They also point out that big tech companies only talk about the dangers of open models to help themselves compete and become more powerful in the market. However, this debate also involves an ideological aspect. Yann LeCun, the chief scientist at Meta, holds the belief that controlling technology may give rise to a knowledge gap, as only a chosen group of experts would be qualified and wise enough to deal with knowledge. In the future, we will use AI systems to search and use the huge amount of digital knowledge created by humans. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests. We should avoid a strict either-or approach when it comes to AI models. Both open and closed models have their strengths and weaknesses. As these models improve, we will need to adjust the balance between encouraging competition and keeping control. 12. What can we learn from this passage? A. It needs billions of dollars to develop open-source models. B. Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely. C. Small open models boost AI competition at a lower cost. D. Users can do anything they like with open models recently. 13. Why is it undesirable for AI to be mainly controlled by large companies? A. Because it allows more crazy people to do crazy things. B. Because it limits competition in the AI field. C. Because it slows down new and exciting AI innovation. D. Because it restricts access to digital knowledge. 14. Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestions, the author is ______. A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. opposed 15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Why Open AI Models Are the Future B. How to Create Powerful AI Systems C. Where does the Debate on Open AI End D. Open vs. Closed AI: The Great Debate 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于是一篇论述文。文章围绕“开放与封闭的AI系统哪一个更好”这一主题展开，通过引述不同观点、利弊分析以及对未来发展的思考，探讨了人工智能领域内一个重要的技术与意识形态辩论。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“Smaller open models are cheaper to make and use, and they add competition to a field mostly controlled by big US companies like Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI, who have spent billions on making huge, private, and closely controlled generative Al systems. (较小的开放模型的制造和使用成本更低，它们增加了这个领域的竞争，这个领域主要由Google、Microsoft和OpenAI等美国大公司控制，这些公司已经花费了数十亿美元来制造庞大的、私有的、严格控制的生成式人工智能系统。)”可知，小型开放模型以较低的成本促进了人工智能领域的竞争。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“In the future, we will use AI systems to search and use the huge amount of digital knowledge created by humans. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. (未来，我们将使用人工智能系统来搜索和使用人类创造的大量数字知识。我们不应该希望少数几家硅谷公司控制这种访问。)”可知，不希望人工智能主要由大公司控制是因为大公司控制AI会限制对数字知识的访问权限。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests. (南安普顿大学计算机科学皇家教授温迪•霍尔表示，我们不希望生活在一个只有大公司运行生成式人工智能的世界里，也不希望允许用户用开放模型做任何他们喜欢的事情。“我们必须找到一些妥协，”她建议道。)”以及倒数第二段中“In the future, we will use AI systems to search and use the huge amount of digital knowledge created by humans. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. (未来，我们将使用人工智能系统来搜索和使用人类创造的大量数字知识。我们不应该希望少数几家硅谷公司控制这种访问。)”、最后一段中“We should avoid a strict either-or approach when it comes to AI models. Both open and closed models have their strengths and weaknesses. As these models improve, we will need to adjust the balance between encouraging competition and keeping control. (当涉及到人工智能模型时，我们应该避免严格的非此即彼的方法。开放模式和封闭模式各有优缺点。随着这些模式的改进，我们需要调整鼓励竞争和保持控制之间的平衡。)”可知，作者对于Wendy Hall的建议是支持的。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Is it better to have powerful generative AI systems open or closed? This question is quickly becoming a significant technological and ideological debate in our times! (强大的生成式AI系统是开放的好还是封闭的好?在我们这个时代，这个问题正迅速成为一个重要的技术和意识形态辩论！)”和最后一段“We should avoid a strict either-or approach when it comes to AI models. Both open and closed models have their strengths and weaknesses. As these models improve, we will need to adjust the balance between encouraging competition and keeping control. (当涉及到人工智能模型时，我们应该避免严格的非此即彼的方法。开放模式和封闭模式各有优缺点。随着这些模式的改进，我们需要调整鼓励竞争和保持控制之间的平衡。)”可知，文章讨论了开放与封闭的人工智能系统各自的优缺点，以及这一议题在技术与意识形态层面引发的辩论。选项D “Open vs. Closed AI: The Great Debate (开放与封闭AI：大辩论)”能够概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 七选五。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Four Ways to Be a Great Roommate Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences in college or, easily, one of the worst.___16___Follow these tips to avoid the common mistakes that turn good roommate relationships sour. ◇Talk things out. Communication is key. If something happens, sit down with your roommate and have a face-to-face conversation. I've seen roommate relationships fall apart because something happens and, instead of talking to each other, the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs.___17___ ◇Don't expect to be best friends. Some roommates become the best of friends, and some don't. Don't put pressure on yourself or your roommate, especially when you first meet.___18___And if your roommate doesn't end up being your best friend, don't worry. ◇Ask before you take. This applies to food, clothes and anything else. If you want to keep a relationship going, show your roommate that you have respect for what is his or hers by asking first.___19___ ◇Clean up after yourself. This should do without saying. Don't be lazy. Or, at least, don't bury your roommate in your clothes and garbage. Most people I've come across in college are messy.___20___But being considerate with where you put your stuff will help you avoid conflict. A. So you need to think twice before you help your roommates out. B. This creates nothing but awkward situations and unhappiness. C. Even if you both agree to share everything, you should still ask. D. You don't have all the time to clean your room and keep it organized. E. It all starts with you to have a good relationship with your roommate. F. Sometime you get stuck with someone who has tons of negative energy. G. Remember, you're trying to make a new friend, not to scare your roommate away. 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. G 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，有一帮好室友是最好不过的了，但是如果和宿舍里的同伴处不好，那就再糟糕不过了，怎么才能和室友处好关系呢？本文给出了一些和舍友相处的好建议。 【16题详解】 由上一句“Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences in college or, easily, one of the worst. (有室友可能是大学里最好的经历之一，也可能是最糟糕的经历之一)”和下一句“Follow these tips to avoid the common mistakes that turn good roommate relationships sour. (遵循以下建议，避免那些让好室友关系恶化的常见错误)”可知，文章给出了一些和舍友相处的好建议，大学有室友的经历怎么样，关键在于和室友是否有良好的关系，承接上下文，E选项“这一切都是从你和室友的良好关系开始的。”切题。故选E项。 【17题详解】 由上一句“I've seen roommate relationships fall apart because something happens and, instead of talking to each other, the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs. (我见过室友关系因为出事而分崩离析，两人非但没有交谈，反而开始背着室友抱怨)”可知，上文讲和室友关系不好，还互相在背后指责对方的话，承接上文，会导致B选项“这只会造成尴尬和不快。”的情况出现。故选B项。 【18题详解】 由小标题“Don't expect to be best friends. (不要期望成为最好的朋友)”和上一句“Don't put pressure on yourself or your roommate, especially when you first meet. (不要给自己或室友施加压力，尤其是初次见面时)”可知，第一次见面时，作者建议把室友当成一个新朋友，而不是当成好朋友，避免给对方太多压力，把对方吓走，承接上文，G选项“记住，你是想交个新朋友，而不是吓跑你的室友。”切题。故选G项。 【19题详解】 由小标题“Ask before you take. (拿之前先问问)”和上一句“If you want to keep a relationship going, show your roommate that you have respect for what is his or hers by asking first. (如果你想维持一段感情，向你的室友展示，通过首先询问让他/她知道你尊重他/她的东西)”可知，作者建议一定要尊重对方，拿别人东西时一定要询问，承接上文，C选项“即使你们都同意分享一切，你还是应该问。”切题。故选C项。 【20题详解】 由小标题“Clean up after yourself. (你自己收拾一下)”和下三句“Don't be lazy. Or, at least, don't bury your roommate in your clothes and garbage. Most people I've come across in college are messy. (别偷懒了。或者，至少，不要把你的室友埋在你的衣服和垃圾里。我在大学里遇到的大多数人都很邋遢)”可知，作者建议和室友相处，要保持卫生干净整洁，承接上下文，D选项“你没有足够的时间来打扫你的房间，保持房间井然有序。”是对保持干净整洁的进一步说明。故选D项。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On several occasions, I arrived at the Starbucks drive-through window only to find my bill already paid by a kind stranger. ____21____, I now keep an eye on my rearview mirror, looking for some one deserving of this ____22____. One morning, I spotted a (n) ____23____ middle-aged woman in a shiny sports car behind me. I smiled to myself, “No way does she need me to buy her coffee!” But somehow a voice ____24____ inside that I should. And so I did. I knew I had trusted that little voice and that was all that really ____25____. When I returned to my car, the lady was there. “Hi,” she said. “Thank you for the coffee. I never ____26____that.” “You’re welcome. I was just ‘____27____.’” Surprisingly, she ____28____ to cry, revealing her struggle with ____29____ bankruptcy (破产) following a business crisis and the recent _____30_____ of her son due to cancer. “I needed a _____31_____ that everything would work out. When you bought my coffee this morning, I knew that was it.” Now I was the one who was choking back tears. I told her that I could _____32_____ her suffering. I, too, had recently lost my son. I sat in my car for a while, my heart kind of _____33_____. I believe I gave her much more than a cup of coffee. Next time I am in the drive-through and feel the _____34_____ to pay it forward — there will be no _____35_____. 21. A. Naturally B. Practically C. Typically D. Consequently 22. A. reward B. attention C. care D. gesture 23. A. exhausted B. proud C. elegant D. weepy 24. A. insisted B. required C. begged D. claimed 25. A. mattered B. remained C. existed D. succeeded 26. A. ordered B. expected C. proposed D. demanded 27. A. stopping by B. taking care C. dealing with it D. paying it forward 28. A. failed B. happened C. proceeded D. prepared 29. A. potential B. permanent C. optional D. unbelievable 30. A. treatment B. loss C. suffering D. condition 31. A. belief B. response C. decision D. sign 32. A. appreciate B. ease C. share D. handle 33. A. stirred B. broken C. racing D. sinking 34. A. duty B. urge C. strength D. determination 35. A. regret B. hesitation C. concern D. sorrow 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者多次在星巴克免下车窗口得到陌生人善意付款的经历，以及后来作者自己也向一位中年妇女传递善意的故事。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我现在一直留意着后视镜，寻找值得这种善意的人。A. Naturally自然地、天生地；B. Practically实际上；C. Typically典型地；D. Consequently因此。根据上文“On several occasions, I arrived at the Starbucks drive-through window only to find my bill already paid by a kind stranger.”和下文“I now keep an eye on my rearview mirror, looking for someone deserving of this ____2____.”可推测，两句之间存在因果关系，因为作者接受过善意，所以作者才找机会回报这种善意。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我现在一直留意着后视镜，寻找值得这种善意的人。A. reward奖励；B. attention注意力；C. care关心；D. gesture姿态、做法。根据上文内容“On several occasions, I arrived at the Starbucks drive-through window only to find my bill already paid by a kind stranger.”可知，作者多次接受善意，所以作者也在找机会回报这种善意的做法。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我看到一位优雅的中年妇女坐在我后面一辆闪亮的跑车里。A. exhausted精疲力竭的；B. proud自豪的；C. elegant优雅的；D. weepy眼泪汪汪的。根据下文“middle-aged woman in a shiny sports car behind me. I smiled to myself, “No way does she need me to buy her coffee!””可推测，这位女士坐在作者后面一辆闪亮的跑车里，作者暗自认为她并不需要帮助，说明这位女士应该不差钱、穿着优雅。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但不知为何，内心有个声音坚持我应该这么做。A. insisted坚持；B. required要求；C. begged乞求；D. claimed声明。根据下文内容可知，作者虽然觉得这位女士并不需要得到帮忙，但是还是听从内心的声音为她买了咖啡，由此可知，作者内心的声音坚持作者应该这样做。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我已经信任了那个小小的声音，这才是最重要的。A. mattered要紧；B. remained保持；C. existed存在；D. succeeded成功。根据下文内容可知，作者虽然觉得这位女士并不需要得到帮忙，但是还是听从内心的声音为她买了咖啡。由此可知，作者还是听从了内心的声音，也就是作者认为这很重要。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“嗨，”她说，“谢谢你的咖啡。我从未想过会有人这么做。”A. ordered命令；B. expected期待；C. proposed提议；D. demanded要求。根据句意可知，这位女士从未想到有人为自己购买咖啡，所以很惊讶也很感激，所以才亲自前来道谢。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“不客气。我只是在传递善意。”A. stopping by访问；B. taking care当心、注意；C. dealing with it处理；D. paying it forward传递善意。根据第一段“On several occasions, I arrived at the Starbucks drive-through window only to find my bill already paid by a kind stranger. ____1____, I now keep an eye on my rearview mirror, looking for some one deserving of this ____2____.”可推测，作者由于多次接受别人的善意，也想有所回报。由此可知，空处指的是作者向这位女士解释自己只是在传递善意。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她哭了起来，透露了由于商业危机而可能面临破产的困境，以及最近她儿子因癌症去世的消息。A. failed失败；B. happened发生；C. proceeded继续进行、接着做；D. prepared准备。根据空后的“to cry”以及下文这位女士所面临的情况可知，这位女士开始哭了起来。故选C。 29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她哭了起来，透露了由于商业危机而可能面临破产的困境，以及最近她儿子因癌症去世的消息。A. potential潜在的；B. permanent永久的；C. optional选修的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据下文“following a business crisis”可推测，这位女士由于商业危机可能会破产。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她哭了起来，透露了由于商业危机而可能面临破产的困境，以及最近她儿子因癌症去世的消息。A. treatment治疗；B. loss损失、丧失；C. suffering遭受；D. condition条件。根据下文“I, too, had recently lost my son.”中的“too”可推测，这位女士和作者一样刚刚失去了儿子。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我需要一个迹象，表明一切都会解决。今天早上你给我买咖啡的时候，我知道那就是。” A. belief信念；B. response回复；C. decision决定；D. sign迹象。根据空后的“that everything would work out”可知，这位女士需要一件好事能表明一切都会好起来的，因此空处指的是一切都会好转的迹象。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，我能理解她的痛苦。A. appreciate感激、欣赏；B. ease减轻、缓和；C. share分享、有同样的感情；D. handle解决。根据下文“I, too, had recently lost my son.”可知，作者和这位女士一样都失去了儿子，因此作者能够理解这位女士的痛苦。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在车里坐了一会儿，心里有些感动。A. stirred激起、打动；B. broken毁坏；C. racing赛跑、疾走；D. sinking下沉、沉没。根据上文“I sat in my car for a while”以及下文内容可知，作者内心久久不能平静，所以才在车里坐了一会儿，由此可知，作者心中很有感触。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次我在免下车窗口时，如果有冲动去传递善意——我将毫不犹豫。A. duty职责；B. urge冲动；C. strength力气；D. determination决心。根据上文“But somehow a voice ____4____ inside that I should.”可推测，作者指的是下回有传递善意的冲动时，自己会毫不犹豫。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次我在免下车窗口时，如果有冲动去传递善意——我将毫不犹豫。A. regret遗憾、后悔；B. hesitation犹豫；C. concern担忧；D. sorrow悲伤。根据全文内容可知，作者一次善意之举让作者深有感触，由此可知，作者指的是自己以后再遇到这种情况会毫不犹豫地帮助他人。故选B。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient health care system in which patients ____36____ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is believed, for a person to be healthy, ____37____ yin and yang forces should be in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about restoring the balance between yin and yang forces in ____38____ (patient). It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play ____39____ vital role in medical treatment in China today. According to the World Health ____40____ (organize), nearly 80 percent of the world’s population depends for ____41____ (it) primary health care needs on medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional Chinese medicines are ____42____ (wide) used. Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances ____43____ animals and plants. Given the growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading popularity of natural remedies throughout the world, the demand for these useful medicines and remedies ____44____ (rise) now. The rising demand, _____45_____ (combine) with reduced habitat, has put a number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros (犀牛), and sea horse, which are all in danger. 【答案】36. are treated 37. that 38. patients 39. a 40. Organization 41. its 42. widely 43. from 44. is rising 45. combined 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍传统中医、传统中医的疗法及其对所需用药的动植物的影响。 【36题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：传统中医是一种医疗保健系统，是一种患者接受天然植物，动物和矿物质药物的治疗。根据句意可知，设空处在从句中作谓语，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语patients与treat是动宾关系，故用被动语态。主语patients是复数。故填are treated。 【37题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：人们认为，为了使一个人健康，阴阳力量应该平衡。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型It is believed that...。其中It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词that不可以省略。故填that。 【38题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：中医是关于恢复病人体内阴阳力量的平衡。patient“病人”为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰和限定，用复数patients作宾语。故填patients。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它一直是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，并在当今中国的医疗中继续发挥着至关重要的作用。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语play a vital role in，表示“在……发挥至关重要的作用”。因为vital是以辅音音素开头，故设空处填a。故填a。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上近80%的人口依靠植物和动物的药物来满足其初级卫生保健需求。名词organization“组织”符合句意，World Health Organization“世界卫生组织”作介词短语According to宾语，专有名词，首字母大写。故填Organization。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上近80%的人口依靠植物和动物的药物来满足其初级卫生保健需求。形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：在广泛使用传统药物的国家尤其如此。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，作状语，修饰used。故填widely。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，越来越多的现代药物也含有来自动物和植物的物质。根据句意可知，表示来自，用介词from。故填from。 【44题详解】 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：鉴于人口不断增长，财富不断增加，以及自然疗法在世界各地的普及，对这些药物和疗法的需求现在正在上升。根据句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词。根据句意，此句描述现阶段正持续的状态，故用现在进行时。主语the demand是单数。故填is rising。 【45题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：结合栖息地的减少，不断增长的需求导致多年来用于药用目的的植物和动物物种数量惊人地增加。根据句子结构可知，此处填非谓语动词。The rising demand与combine是动宾关系，故用过去分词combined作后置定语。故填combined。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，在网店购买了一个多功能电子词典笔（e-dictionary pen），可拍照查词，也可语音识别。用了一段时间后，你发现质量问题，与店员理论，其服务态度不好，因此你决定给网店经理写一封投诉信。内容包括： 1. 反映存在问题； 2. 提出解决方案。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Manager, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Manager, One week ago, I bought an e-dictionary pen at your store. Now I am writing to complain about some problems I came across when using it. First of all, the camera doesn’t function well. The taken pictures are often blurry. What’s worse, the voice recognition system often fails to recognize my voice correctly, which added to the unfavorable experience in using it. I tried to contact your customer service to require a replacement. Surprisingly, your staff turned down my request rudely and even denied the poor quality of your product. Now, I’m wondering whether you can refund or exchange a new one for me. Meanwhile, I’d like to appeal to better service of your staff. An early response will be appreciated. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生在网店购买了一个多功能电子词典笔，可拍照查词，也可语音识别。用了一段时间后，考生发现质量问题，与店员理论，其服务态度不好，要求考生按照要求给网店经理写一封投诉信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 遇见，碰上：come across→ run into 起作用，运转：function→ work 认出：recognize→ identify 联系：contact→ get in touch with 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：One week ago, I bought an e-dictionary pen at your store. 拓展句：One week ago, it was an e-dictionary pen that I bought at your store. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Now I am writing to complain about some problems I came across when using it.（运用了省略关系词的定语从句、when引导的时间状语从句的省略） 【高分句型2】What’s worse, the voice recognition system often fails to recognize my voice correctly, which added to the unfavorable experience in using it.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 April told Bailey as they walked home from school that she just wanted a normal birthday party this year. Bailey understood what April meant because April’s parents loved the environment. And since April happened to be born on Earth Day, all her birthday parties had an Earth Day theme. Bailey remembered when April turned seven, mentioning the “Garage Sale” event where they helped out at sales and donated the money to charity. When April turned eight, it was a “Tree Planting” where they planted maples. Bailey also recalled last year when they collected newspapers to recycle, calling it the “Paper Drive,” to which April sighed, though Bailey giggled and thought it was fun. Later that night, when having supper, April expressed her desire to plan her own party this year. Her mom suggested they could have a “Recycling Party,” and her dad thought it was a great idea. April then cleared her throat and said she would like to go to the entertainment park instead. Her dad was surprised, but her mom said they could arrange to send the kids there. April couldn’t wait for her birthday. She and her friends would have so much fun, and they wouldn’t have to think one bit about the Earth. The next day at school, April told her friends that she was having her birthday party at the entertainment park. Josie was surprised, remarking that they always did something relating to earth on her birthday. Tyler remembered the little snake they found two years ago. April acknowledged this but explained that this year they wouldn’t even be going outside, which left Tyler a bit disappointed. The following weekend, everyone gathered in the parking lot outside the entertainment park. April thanked her friends for coming and expressed her excitement about the party, noting there would be no cleaning, no collecting recyclables, and nothing relating to earth. However, as she looked around, she noticed the parking lot was a mess, with plastic bottles thrown across the ground, newspapers and fast-food bags blocking the storm drain, and shopping bags blowing in the trees. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “What a mess!” April frowned. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ April looked at the collected rubbish and smiled. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 “What a mess!” April frowned. Although she had been longing for a non-Earth Day birthday, it was hard to ignore such a scene. She suggested that they pick up the trash first. Her friends looked around, exchanged glances, and agreed. Bailey eagerly grabbed a bag, and Josie smiled, saying it felt like old times. Tyler sighed but nodded in determination. April’s mom handed out gloves while her dad removed shopping bags from the trees. April and Bailey collected bottles, chatting about their plans. Josie and Tyler cleared the drain, joking and encouraging each other. In no time, they had filled three large bags with trash, transforming the littered lot into a cleaner space. April looked at the collected rubbish and smiled. Then she glanced up at her parents and her friends. Their neat clothes for the birthday party were soaked with sweat, but their faces glowed with satisfaction. It felt so good to do something for the Earth. April wished everyone a happy Earth Day and told them they were now ready for the entertainment park. Her parents and her friends shouted birthday wishes to her. April thought to herself how lucky she was to have been born on Earth Day and that maybe a Recycling Party wouldn’t be such a bad idea for next year. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了April恰好出生在地球日，她所有的生日派对都以地球日为主题，今年她想到游乐场过生日，生日那天所有人都聚集在游乐场外的停车场，April看到外面很多垃圾，于是建议大家先捡垃圾，他们为参加生日聚会而穿的整洁衣服被汗水湿透了。但他们的脸上洋溢着满意的神情，能为地球做点事的感觉真好。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“‘真是一团糟！’April 皱起了眉头。”可知，第一段可描写April建议朋友和家人们先捡垃圾，描述他们捡垃圾的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“April看着收集的垃圾笑了。”可知，第二段可描写April对捡垃圾的感受以及朋友和家人们的反应。 2.续写线索：April皱眉——April建议捡垃圾——大家设法捡垃圾——April和大家感觉为地球做点事真好 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①渴望：long for/desire ②忽视：ignore/neglect ③建议：suggest/recommend 情绪类 ①急切地，渴望地：eagerly/urgently ②满足：satisfaction/gratification 【点睛】【高分句型1】Although she had been longing for a non-Earth Day birthday, it was hard to ignore such a scene. (运用了Although引导的让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】She suggested that they pick up the trash first. (运用了that引导的宾语从句且从句用虚拟语气) 【高分句型3】April and Bailey collected bottles, chatting about their plans. (运用了现在分词chatting作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024 学年度第二学期 5月联考 高二英语试卷 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁， 考试结束后， 将答题卷收回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Top Five Youngest Olympics Gold Medal Winners of All-Time Marjorie Gestring Marjorie Gestring of the US was only 13 years and 268 days old when she won the gold medal for her country. The diver won the medal at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games to become the youngest individual Olympic gold medalist. She would have won more gold medals considering her talent if it were not for the World War Ⅱ. Klaus Zerta Klaus Zerta was only 13 years and 283 days old when he won a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Italy. Klaus was from West Germany but represented the unified team of Germany at the Olympics. Moreover, he is the youngest confirmed male athlete to win a gold medal in the history of the Summer Olympics. Nishiya Momiji The ongoing Tokyo Olympics saw a few record-breaking feats in the skateboarding event. Japan’s Nishiya Momiji became the first ever women’s Olympic skateboarding champion. The athlete is merely 13 years and 330 days old, which makes her one of the youngest individual gold medal winners in the history of the Olympics. Fu Mingxia Chinese female diver Fu Mingxia is popular for being one of the youngest Olympic diving champions. She was born on August 16, 1978, and won a gold medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. She was 15 days older than Nishiya Momiji when they each won their first Olympic gold medal. Fu Mingxia dominated the sport throughout the 1990s with her skills in extremely difficult dives. In the coming years, she won three more Olympic gold medals and a silver across the platform and springboard events. Nadia Comaneci Nadia Comaneci is from Romania and is a five-time Olympic gold medalist. In 1976, she became the first gymnast to receive a perfect score of 10. She was merely 14 years old when she secured the Gold at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. Interestingly, back then, a gymnast had to be 14 to participate but later the age limit went up to 16 years. Therefore, Nadia’s record cannot be broken. 1. What do we know about Marjorie Gestring? A. She was the first women’s Olympic skateboarding champion. B. She dominated the sport throughout the 1990s with her skills. C. The war prevented her from achieving more. D. A perfect score of 10 for a gymnast belonged to her. 2. How old was Fu Mingxia when she won a gold medal in Barcelona? A. 13 years and 315 days old. B. 13 years and 345 days old. C. 13 years and 283 days old. D. 13 years and 268 days old. 3. In which section of a webpage can you find the passage? A. News. B. Sports. C. Life. D. History. B In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time to safely preserve it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”. In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital. As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals, thus standardizing the hospitals’ procedures. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives. With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. The government appointed him as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles. 4. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations? A. The inability to preserve blood. B. The shortage of blood donors. C. The challenge of blood infection. D. The failure to identify blood types. 5. What does the underlined word “uniform” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Legal. B. Varied. C. Acceptable. D. Identical. 6. How did Drew contribute to the pilot program in New York? A. He aided in producing the dried plasma in quantities. B. He established the first Red Cross blood bank. C. He reduced the possibility of the war. D. He invented bloodmobiles to produce blood for patients. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Life of Dr. Charles Drew B. The Inventor of the Blood Bank C. A Savior of Lives During Wartime D. A Pioneer in Blood Transportation C It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out to be wrong. A recent study finds that the woman in the famous painting is actually gazing 15.4 degrees to the right of the viewer — well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. The study's author, Horstmann, said “She’s not really looking at you, which is kind of funny because people often think the subject’s gaze (凝视) in artworks or photos seems to follow them around. This is called the ‘Mona Lisa effect’. Even if someone is painted looking straight, viewers from different angles still feel they’re being looked at.” As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side. Surprisingly, this might give the impression that the character isn't looking at anyone. Instead, keep their gaze straight. Observers directly in front, within a reasonable angle, will feel the character's stare, thus improving interactivity. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers had 24 people look at pictures of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer. They put a ruler between the screen and the viewer. They asked the people to see where Mona Lisa’s eyes met the ruler. They moved the ruler to measure Mona Lisa’s gaze. They found that most people thought Mona Lisa wasn’t looking directly at them, but a bit to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first came up with the name “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 8. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa” ______. A. attracts the viewers to look back. B. seems mysterious because of her eyes. C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers. D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand. 9 What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 10. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to ____________. A. confirm Horstmann’s new discovery. B. create artificial-intelligence avatars. C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze. D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement. D Is it better to have powerful generative AI systems open or closed? This question is quickly becoming a significant technological and ideological (思想上的) debate in our times! Supporters believe they help more people use the technology, create new ideas, and make it more reliable by encouraging outside inquiry. Smaller open models are cheaper to make and use, and they add competition to a field mostly controlled by big US companies like Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI, who have spent billions on making huge, private, and closely controlled generative Al systems. However, those who disagree say that open models could cause a lot of problems. Bad people can use them to spread false information that is personalized, and terrorists might use them to create cyber or bioweapons. Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned that open source allows more crazy people to do crazy things. Supporters of open models disagree, finding it ridiculous that open generative AI models enable people to access information that they can’t find on the internet or from a bad scientist. They also point out that big tech companies only talk about the dangers of open models to help themselves compete and become more powerful in the market. However, this debate also involves an ideological aspect. Yann LeCun, the chief scientist at Meta, holds the belief that controlling technology may give rise to a knowledge gap, as only a chosen group of experts would be qualified and wise enough to deal with knowledge. In the future, we will use AI systems to search and use the huge amount of digital knowledge created by humans. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests. We should avoid a strict either-or approach when it comes to AI models. Both open and closed models have their strengths and weaknesses. As these models improve, we will need to adjust the balance between encouraging competition and keeping control. 12. What can we learn from this passage? A. It needs billions of dollars to develop open-source models. B. Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely. C. Small open models boost AI competition at a lower cost. D. Users can do anything they like with open models recently. 13. Why is it undesirable for AI to be mainly controlled by large companies? A. Because it allows more crazy people to do crazy things. B. Because it limits competition in the AI field. C. Because it slows down new and exciting AI innovation. D. Because it restricts access to digital knowledge. 14. Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestions, the author is ______. A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. opposed 15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Why Open AI Models Are the Future B. How to Create Powerful AI Systems C. Where does the Debate on Open AI End D. Open vs. Closed AI: The Great Debate 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 七选五。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Four Ways to Be a Great Roommate Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences in college or, easily, one of the worst.___16___Follow these tips to avoid the common mistakes that turn good roommate relationships sour. ◇Talk things out. Communication is key. If something happens, sit down with your roommate and have a face-to-face conversation. I've seen roommate relationships fall apart because something happens and, instead of talking to each other, the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs.___17___ ◇Don't expect to be best friends. Some roommates become the best of friends, and some don't. Don't put pressure on yourself or your roommate, especially when you first meet.___18___And if your roommate doesn't end up being your best friend, don't worry. ◇Ask before you take. This applies to food, clothes and anything else. If you want to keep a relationship going, show your roommate that you have respect for what is his or hers by asking first.___19___ ◇Clean up after yourself. This should do without saying. Don't be lazy. Or, at least, don't bury your roommate in your clothes and garbage. Most people I've come across in college are messy.___20___But being considerate with where you put your stuff will help you avoid conflict. A. So you need to think twice before you help your roommates out. B This creates nothing but awkward situations and unhappiness. C. Even if you both agree to share everything, you should still ask. D. You don't have all the time to clean your room and keep it organized. E. It all starts with you to have a good relationship with your roommate. F. Sometime you get stuck with someone who has tons of negative energy. G. Remember, you're trying to make a new friend, not to scare your roommate away. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On several occasions, I arrived at the Starbucks drive-through window only to find my bill already paid by a kind stranger. ____21____, I now keep an eye on my rearview mirror, looking for some one deserving of this ____22____. One morning, I spotted a (n) ____23____ middle-aged woman in a shiny sports car behind me. I smiled to myself, “No way does she need me to buy her coffee!” But somehow a voice ____24____ inside that I should. And so I did. I knew I had trusted that little voice and that was all that really ____25____. When I returned to my car, the lady was there. “Hi,” she said. “Thank you for the coffee. I never ____26____that.” “You’re welcome. I was just ‘____27____.’” Surprisingly, she ____28____ to cry, revealing her struggle with ____29____ bankruptcy (破产) following a business crisis and the recent _____30_____ of her son due to cancer. “I needed a _____31_____ that everything would work out. When you bought my coffee this morning, I knew that was it.” Now I was the one who was choking back tears. I told her that I could _____32_____ her suffering. I, too, had recently lost my son. I sat in my car for a while, my heart kind of _____33_____. I believe I gave her much more than a cup of coffee. Next time I am in the drive-through and feel the _____34_____ to pay it forward — there will be no _____35_____. 21. A. Naturally B. Practically C. Typically D. Consequently 22. A. reward B. attention C. care D. gesture 23. A. exhausted B. proud C. elegant D. weepy 24. A. insisted B. required C. begged D. claimed 25 A. mattered B. remained C. existed D. succeeded 26. A. ordered B. expected C. proposed D. demanded 27. A. stopping by B. taking care C. dealing with it D. paying it forward 28. A. failed B. happened C. proceeded D. prepared 29. A. potential B. permanent C. optional D. unbelievable 30. A. treatment B. loss C. suffering D. condition 31. A. belief B. response C. decision D. sign 32. A. appreciate B. ease C. share D. handle 33. A. stirred B. broken C. racing D. sinking 34. A. duty B. urge C. strength D. determination 35. A. regret B. hesitation C. concern D. sorrow 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient health care system in which patients ____36____ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is believed, for a person to be healthy, ____37____ yin and yang forces should be in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about restoring the balance between yin and yang forces in ____38____ (patient). It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play ____39____ vital role in medical treatment in China today. According to the World Health ____40____ (organize), nearly 80 percent of the world’s population depends for ____41____ (it) primary health care needs on medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional Chinese medicines are ____42____ (wide) used. Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances ____43____ animals and plants. Given the growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading popularity of natural remedies throughout the world, the demand for these useful medicines and remedies ____44____ (rise) now. The rising demand, _____45_____ (combine) with reduced habitat, has put a number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros (犀牛), and sea horse, which are all in danger. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，在网店购买了一个多功能电子词典笔（e-dictionary pen），可拍照查词，也可语音识别。用了一段时间后，你发现质量问题，与店员理论，其服务态度不好，因此你决定给网店经理写一封投诉信。内容包括： 1. 反映存在问题； 2. 提出解决方案。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Manager, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 April told Bailey as they walked home from school that she just wanted a normal birthday party this year. Bailey understood what April meant because April’s parents loved the environment. And since April happened to be born on Earth Day, all her birthday parties had an Earth Day theme. Bailey remembered when April turned seven mentioning the “Garage Sale” event where they helped out at sales and donated the money to charity. When April turned eight, it was a “Tree Planting” where they planted maples. Bailey also recalled last year when they collected newspapers to recycle, calling it the “Paper Drive,” to which April sighed, though Bailey giggled and thought it was fun. Later that night, when having supper, April expressed her desire to plan her own party this year. Her mom suggested they could have a “Recycling Party,” and her dad thought it was a great idea. April then cleared her throat and said she would like to go to the entertainment park instead. Her dad was surprised, but her mom said they could arrange to send the kids there. April couldn’t wait for her birthday. She and her friends would have so much fun and they wouldn’t have to think one bit about the Earth. The next day at school, April told her friends that she was having her birthday party at the entertainment park. Josie was surprised, remarking that they always did something relating to earth on her birthday. Tyler remembered the little snake they found two years ago. April acknowledged this but explained that this year they wouldn’t even be going outside, which left Tyler a bit disappointed. The following weekend, everyone gathered in the parking lot outside the entertainment park. April thanked her friends for coming and expressed her excitement about the party, noting there would be no cleaning, no collecting recyclables, and nothing relating to earth. However, as she looked around, she noticed the parking lot was a mess, with plastic bottles thrown across the ground, newspapers and fast-food bags blocking the storm drain, and shopping bags blowing in the trees. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “What a mess!” April frowned. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ April looked at the collected rubbish and smiled. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$