精品解析：湖南省湘楚名校2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

2023-2024学年度湘楚名校高二下学期5月联考 英语试卷 注意事项： 1．本试卷分四部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；主观题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 3．本试卷命题范围：必修第一册～选择性必修第四册Unit 4。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man want the woman to tell him? A. Where the meeting will be held. B. When the group session starts. C. Who will attend the activity. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What went wrong with the woman’s presentation? A. The screen was broken. B. She forgot her laptop charger. C. Her computer ran out of battery. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why is the man apologizing to the woman? A. He tore her coat. B. He spilled something on her clothes. C. He bought her the wrong type of jacket. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does online teaching benefit the woman? A. She needn’t make lots of video calls. B. She needn’t tidy a classroom. C. She needn’t travel to work. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What information did the woman get wrong? A. The time. B. The location. C. The phone number. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. How long has the woman been in swimming racing? A. For four years. B. For eight years. C. For ten years. 7. What does the woman mainly hope to do in the future? A. Get a scholarship. B. Study at a top university. C. Become a professional swimmer. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Where are the speakers? A. At a school. B. At the man’s office. C. At a doctor’s office. 9. What does the man urgently need to do according to the woman? A. Quit his current job. B. Change his habits and lifestyle. C. Attend meetings with the woman. 10. How much will the man pay for the phone call each week? A. $25. B. $100. C. $400. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the main idea of the conversation? A. Beer consumption in Germany. B. Procedure of making beer. C Best beer in the world. 12. How many beer producers are there in Germany? A. Under 110. B. About 1300. C. Around 1500. 13 Which country does the man think has the best beer? A. Germany. B. Belgium. C. England. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is Andy doing? A. He’s giving an interview. B. He’s talking to a friend. C. He’s applying for a job. 15. What is Andy? A A TV star. B. A card player. C. A professor. 16. What does Andy want to do through his work? A. Relax more. B. Work in a team. C. Enjoy freedom. 17. What does Andy think of his work? A. It is lonely. B. It is boring. C. It is difficult. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Why did the man first start to make his trip? A. To visit friends in India. B. To avoid a war in his home country. C. To move to a different tropical island. 19. How does the man think he might be able to leave the island? A. By finding a way to fix his boat. B. By seeking the help of local people. C. By receiving the emergency support of an aircraft. 20. What is the man most frightened about? A. Being attacked by pirates. B. Running out of food and water. C. Being trapped on the island forever. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four of the best skiing resorts (滑雪胜地) in the US Breckenridge Ski Resort, Colorado The resort has four terrain (地形) parks. Freeway draws expert-level riders with massive jumps, rails, boxes, and — to top it all off — an 18-foot half-pipe. The resort’s three additional parks suit other levels of riders and boast enough features for doing laps all day. Park Lane has two triple jump lines, so there’s plenty of variation to keep snowboarders busy. Frontier is an intermediate park, with moderate jumps and boxes. Highway 9 attracts entry-level riders with smaller features to familiarize them with terrain park riding. Mammoth Mountain, California This northern California ski area’s Unbound Terrain Parks have evolved more than 20 years into the top-level park zones. The area’s playgrounds offer beginner-friendly terrain with gentle rollers, small snow spines, and mini jumps to introduce riders to the train. For big air and professional-level riding, people can head to Main Park. Northstar California Resort, California Northstar boasts a 12-foot and two 18-foot half-pipes, as well as a large amount of jibs and rails, which make up about 70 percent of its terrain. It’s easy to progress at Northstar, where four of its parks are rated extra small and one is even dedicated to kids aged six and under. Northstar is well known to be one of the best-preserved parks, so riders can expect orginal wonderful conditions, whichever area they choose. Mount Snow, Vermont Mount Snow is a go-to terrain park for skiers and snowboarders. Its Carinthia Terrain Parks have 100 acres packed with variety, both in terms of various riding abilities and types of features. It’s loaded with jobs, jumps, natural terrain such as a tree-skiing zone, and a jumbo-sized superpipe. Usually, it will hold competitions such as the Peace Pipe Rail Jam and Carinthia Classic for professional riders. 21. Which of the following terrain parks will beginners choose in Breckenridge Ski Resort? A. Freeway. B. Highway 9. C. Frontier. D. Park Lane. 22. What does Northstar California Resort have a reputation for? A. Being suitable for small kids. B. Having the largest area. C. Having the longest history. D. Being kept in good condition. 23. Where can skiers have the chance to see skiing matches? A. Mammoth Mountain, California. B. Breckenridge Ski Resort, Colorado. C. Mount Snow, Vermont. D. Northstar California Resort, California. B Open-air jazz, locally-grow n vegetables, Focaccia bread, goat cheese, and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night. And the vendors （商贩） held out pretty well. Even as the raindrops intensified, folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the parking lot of St. Monica Church. Among the crowd were a number of college students, mostly from the University of Rochester, likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered—a five-dollar token （购物券）,a handbag, and a prize raffle entry, all free of charge. Now in its 15th year, Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the market partners merely cooperate with local farms, businesses, and community groups to populate its tables. “Our mission really is to serve the people in the community, getting them health and nutrition information, and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce,” Farrell said, “It is typical that everything has to be local. It’s a producer-only market, so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.” Those producers had diverse offerings. Vegetables, of course, were abundant but sellers also pushed cheeses, spreads, bread, prepared pasta dishes, and much more. The community groups offering information were diverse too. Recovery All Ways, a local nonprofit with a stated “mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder” handed out Narcan and trained people in its use. Their station was next to a Moms Demand Action tent, where staffers provided information on physical safety. SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefits educators also ran a table. The activities of the stations were scored by live music. The University’s Midnight Ramblers performed and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in. Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable crossing the bridge into the Rochester community. “We love college students, and we keep encouraging them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.” 24. What may attract college students to the College Night? A. Free prizes. B. Scenery in the rain. C. Delicious food. D. Good music. 25. What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market? A. It gives college students tokens. B. It is full of noise and excitement. C. Its offerings are locally grown or prepared. D. It appeals people from all walks of life. 26. Which of the following can best describe the College Night? A. Crowded and chaotic. B. Luxurious and splendid. C. Romantic and peaceful. D. Busy and festive. 27. What might be a suitable title for the text? A. Westside Farmers Market is flowering rapidly B. College Night channels products to community C. College Night bridges university and community D. Westside Farmers Market is expanding nationwide C A study conducted recently suggests millions of dollars can be made by using fleets of bright CubeSats (立方体卫星) to form advertisements high above Earth. This has concerned some scientists, as it would tarnish our already-threatened views of the night sky. The purpose of the new study was to evaluate the “economic feasibility (可行性) of a space advertising mission that would launch a formation of satellites into orbit to reflect sunlight and display commercials in the sky above cities,” according to Shamil Bikimirov, the first promoter of the study. Biktimirov and his colleagues envision (设想) 50 or more CubeSats working in concert to create images that are visible from highly populated urban areas. And they estimate that a single mission would cost about $65 million. But in the view of astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell, the “bright advertising messages themselves will be localized to urban areas,” but the “brightness of these solar sail satellites will still be substantial in other places and times,” which is something the Russian researchers didn’t consider. The Russian researchers, in full anticipation of negative response, defended their idea, saying the ads would only appear at dawn or dusk (the CubeSats require at least some exposure to sunlight to become bright and visible) and that the space-based ads only make economic sense for “large cities that are already exposed to permanent light pollution”. The promoters propose that the ads appear above the most profitable city within reach for a full minute before moving on to the next city. And an estimated $2 million could be made each day with this approach, so the whole thing could be paid off in about a month, the scientists argued. A single fleet of CubeSats could operate in this fashion for “several months” depending on the configuration (配置), they wrote. Space-based ads may be feasible, but they’d spoil our natural, unobstructed views of space. That our cities are already flooded with light pollution and ads on the ground is hardly an excuse to embark on such an attempt. Here’s hoping that sensibility will win and that ads for soft drinks and fast food stay on the ground. 28. How can money be earned according to Paragraph 1? A. By using bright CubeSats. B. By displaying ads formed by CubeSats. C. By damaging views of the night sky. D. By putting up lights high above Earth. 29. What does the new study aim to find out? A. Why space advertising can be influential. B. How advertising can be carried out in space. C. Which cities will welcome space advertising. D. Whether space advertising has a commercial value. 30. What is Jonathan McDowell’s concern about space advertising? A. It might cause light pollution in some places. B. The advertising messages might be confusing. C. It might be difficult to localize advertising messages. D. The advertising messages might be affected by sunlight. 31. What’s the author’s attitude towards space-based ads? A. Unconcerned. B. Disapproving. C. Curious. D. Supportive. D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 32. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 33. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 34. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 35. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to deal with frustration From time to time terrible things occur. When something awful happens in our life, we always feel sorry for ourselves and it is natural to fall into a negative feeling of frustration. ____36____ In this post, we will share some approaches that will help relieve your frustration in a positive manner where you can subsequently learn and grow. When you feel frustrated by life it can be hard to feel thankful for the blessings in your life. ____37____ Numerous studies in positive psychology show that having an attitude of gratitude is the number one indicator of life satisfaction and happiness. ____38____ Every day you can try to list three good things in your life you are grateful for. By doing so you will be surprised how much this decreases your feelings of frustration. Another lesson of positive psychology is that your own problems are often relieved when you make an effort to help others. When you’re volunteering your time, doing random acts of kindness, or simply trying to make a positive difference in the lives of others, your brain will produce more dopamine(多巴胺), which gives you a sense of pleasure. ____39____ Finally, I am sure you have heard the old saying, “____40____” This old saying has lasted for so long because it is true. You may envy what other people seem to have, but you do not know what they are going through. So, if you want to stop feeling sorry for yourself, you need to only compare yourself to yourself. Stop envying what you believe other people have and learn to be happy with the things you do have in life. A. Don’t judge a book by its cover. B. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. C. But that is when you need to feel grateful the most. D. You should set aside some “me time” to rest and restore. E. It hurts us and keeps us from making the proper decisions. F. You can actually relieve your own frustration by doing others a favor. G. The most practical way to feel grateful is to start a gratitude journal. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right ____41____ in the Battle of Shiloh, led 10 ____42____ in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies. Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than busting through rapids (急流). None of the men were ____43____ boatmen. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. ____44____, it was the grandest expedition (探险) since Lewis and Clark. Over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of ____45____ currents awaited them. Though Powell had boats custom-made for the ____46____, they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to ____47____ in the wilderness but had never navigated (横越) a river. He packed so much food that it ____48____ sank the boats from the start. Much of the journey was spent ____49____ boats damaged while portaging around rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to _____50_____with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in _____51_____ water and 115-degree heat. Three men deserted the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders and _____52_____ wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous journey, they had successfully _____53_____ the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “territory unknown.” As the West expanded, Powell’s maps would be _____54_____. Beauty is in the living of life, in looking beyond the challenges to the _____55_____ of the small moments we achieve — sometimes against all odds. 41. A. leg B. arm C. ear D. finger 42. A. explorers B. soldiers C. heroes D. boatmen 43. A. rude B. greedy C. experienced D. honest 44. A. Still B. Otherwise C. Thus D. And 45. A. remote B. quiet C. unknown D. vast 46. A. trip B. journey C. travel D. tour 47. A. live B. hunt C. hide D. survive 48. A. nearly B. already C. mostly D. never 49. A. making B. handling C. rowing D. repairing 50. A. talk B. discuss C. fight D. negotiate 51. A. shallow B. freezing C. violent D. polluted 52. A. pulled in B. pulled up C. pulled on D. pulled at 53. A. adapted to B. stuck to C. saw to D. got to 54. A. reliable B. priceless C. measurable D. considerable 55. A. strength B. attempt C. position D. wonder 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So popular is learning Chinese that more and more ____56____(ambition) foreign parents are signing their children up for Chinese courses. For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ____57____ is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent. Her mother says that ____58____(learn) the world’s most spoken language might give her ____59____ head start in her future career. The reasons why Chinese is enjoying great popularity are as follows. First, China is already a global economic power, ____60____ influence is growing. As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____61____(motivate) more countries to cooperate more closely so far. ____62____(additional), studying Chinese provides access ____63____ wonderful Chinese culture, which is one of the most appealing aspects of the recently ____64____(add) Chinese course. By learning Chinese, overseas students can see life from a new perspective and broaden their _____65_____(mind) to the outside world. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是校报英语版总编李华，你邀请到了美国环保专家White教授作主题为“Livingin Harmony with Nature”的讲座。请你在讲座前简要发言，内容包括： 1. 相关介绍；2. 注意事项。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I remember that I was worn out when I got home that afternoon. I'd had to be at the theatre for the audition (试演) at nine that morning and then I'd been waiting around for about three hours before the director finally saw me. I performed my song and almost at once he told me I could go home. “I am very sorry,”he said,“but your voice isn't quite right for the part.”It had been a similar story at all the auditions that I'd done over the past few weeks. It had been my dream for years to be in a famous musical like The Sound of Music or Mamma Mia, so I'd taken lessons in singing and dancing, and had come to the city to try and get a part in a show. I'd been really pleased when I'd managed to set up no fewer than ten auditions, but so far all of them had gone the same way. As I arrived back that afternoon at the little apartment where I rented a room, I really wondered whether I should bother going to the eleventh the next morning. It was a show I'd have loved to be in — but really, what was the point? Someone I knew had told me about a job at a local coffee shop, and had said that if I called in for a quick chat at ten the next day, I'd almost certainly get the job. It meant missing the audition, but right now, it seemed like a much more sensible thing to do. I always sing when I need to cheer myself up, and because there was no one else in the apartment, I slipped off my shoes, went and stood in front of the mirror and started singing.Quite quickly I found myself belting out (大声唱) one of my favourite songs, Bridge over Troubled Water. As I finished the song, I suddenly heard applause. I looked around the room thinking that my roommate had perhaps slipped in without me noticing — but there was nobody. Then I went over to the open window of the apartment, and saw an elderly woman standing on the far side of the pavement below, looking up at me. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: She reached her arms up towards me with a great smile on her face. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next day I went to the eleventh audition. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年度湘楚名校高二下学期5月联考 英语试卷 注意事项： 1．本试卷分四部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；主观题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 3．本试卷命题范围：必修第一册～选择性必修第四册Unit 4。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man want the woman to tell him? A. Where the meeting will be held. B. When the group session starts. C. Who will attend the activity. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m late for work. Can you text me the address of the coming meeting? W: It’s not a meeting. It’s a group session with other parents. It’s at 4: 00 p. m. at the gym next to the school. They have an empty hall we can use. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What went wrong with the woman’s presentation? A. The screen was broken. B. She forgot her laptop charger. C. Her computer ran out of battery. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Good morning, everyone. If you all can see my slide show, I’ll begin my speech. M: Excuse me. Your screen is so dark. Did your laptop die? W: Oh, no! I thought there was a problem with the brightness. I’ll grab my charger. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why is the man apologizing to the woman? A. He tore her coat. B. He spilled something on her clothes. C. He bought her the wrong type of jacket. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Tim, this is a new jacket! How could you be so careless? M: I’m sorry! The coffee slipped out of my hands. I’ll dry it with this cloth. W: It was already torn a bit anyway. But I just got it for Christmas. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does online teaching benefit the woman? A. She needn’t make lots of video calls. B. She needn’t tidy a classroom. C. She needn’t travel to work. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: How are you finding teaching your students online? I miss being in a classroom. W: I quite like it. I find I can keep an eye on all the students through video call and I don’t need to spend two hours a day in my car driving to the school. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What information did the woman get wrong? A. The time. B. The location. C. The phone number. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Let’s meet at the café after work around 5:50 p. m. W: I can’t hear you—your phone is cutting out. Are you going to work? M: No. I’m leaving work in 20 minutes—we’ll meet at the café before 6:00 p. m. W: OK. See you at the café after 6: 20 p. m. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. How long has the woman been in swimming racing? A. For four years. B. For eight years. C. For ten years. 7. What does the woman mainly hope to do in the future? A. Get a scholarship. B. Study at a top university. C. Become a professional swimmer. 【答案】6. C 7. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Victoria, you’re 18 years old now. Swimming races during your last year of high school are critical. W: I just can’t entirely focus on our swim team and on succeeding in school. M: The previous three years of high school were easier. But this year, universities will start observing you for their teams. W: Even if I get a swimming scholarship, what if it’s not for a good school? M: You’ve been competing since you were eight years old, and you’ve got a huge opportunity. W: I don’t know if a swimming racing career will satisfy my parents’ expectations, especially if it means attending an average-quality school. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Where are the speakers? A. At a school. B. At the man’s office. C. At a doctor’s office. 9. What does the man urgently need to do according to the woman? A. Quit his current job. B. Change his habits and lifestyle. C. Attend meetings with the woman. 10. How much will the man pay for the phone call each week? A. $25. B. $100. C. $400. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Mr. Holden, you’ve come to my office a lot recently. Is it the same issue again? M: I’m afraid so. My chest hurts all day, and my heart keeps pounding. W: Have you cut back on drinking alcohol and eating fried foods? M: I haven’t gotten around to it. I’ve got too much work and stress at the office. W: It’s essential to maintain a balance between health and work — you must make adjustments. I never want to see you brought to the hospital because of a heart attack. M: You’re right. I’ve got to think about my children. What can I do? W: Let’s chat weekly over the phone from now on to monitor your progress. M: I’ve already paid $100 per checkup. How much will that cost? W: Through your insurance, it’ll only be a quarter of that per week. M: Sounds very reasonable. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the main idea of the conversation? A. Beer consumption in Germany. B. Procedure of making beer. C. Best beer in the world. 12. How many beer producers are there in Germany? A. Under 110. B. About 1300. C. Around 1500. 13. Which country does the man think has the best beer? A. Germany. B. Belgium. C. England. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Did you know that the people in Germany consume the most amount of beer in Europe? M: I can believe it. They have a yearly beer festival called Oktoberfest. W: That’s correct. In 2009, they consumed on average 110 liters per person, but it has gradually been declining. M: What was it last year? W: In 2019 it was just under 100 liters per person. M: That’s still a lot. W: Yes. There are roughly 1,300 German beer makers. M: Why is it so popular there? W: There is a law dating back to the 1500s about how to make beer as pure as it can be. That is why German beer is considered to be the best in the world. M: I do like it, but I had some really better beer in England when I lived in London. W: Where was the best beer you ever had? M: Probably in Belgium, which is right next to Germany. So that makes sense. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is Andy doing? A. He’s giving an interview. B. He’s talking to a friend. C. He’s applying for a job. 15. What is Andy? A. A TV star. B. A card player. C. A professor. 16. What does Andy want to do through his work? A. Relax more. B. Work in a team. C. Enjoy freedom. 17. What does Andy think of his work? A. It is lonely. B. It is boring. C. It is difficult. 【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Andy Seth is a 27-year-old professional card player. Andy, how did you get your start in playing cards? M: My curiosity in the game began with a TV program I saw in the early mid-2000s. It arose my interest in learning the strategy and reasoning behind it. W: Can you describe an average game day? M: One of the most appealing aspects of being a professional card player is the freedom. There is no typical day. One day I might spend my time playing a tournament at the World Series, and I will follow the schedule of the tournament for as long as I survive in it. The next day I might wake up not feeling like working and decide to relax or work on one of my other businesses. W: Can you describe a reality of being a professional card player that other people may not know? M: The freedom is a double edged sword. You are your own boss and generally there’s no one to tell you what to do or where to be. But you can often feel alone because there is no real concept of a team in cards. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Why did the man first start to make his trip? A. To visit friends in India. B. To avoid a war in his home country. C. To move to a different tropical island. 19. How does the man think he might be able to leave the island? A. By finding a way to fix his boat. B. By seeking the help of local people. C. By receiving the emergency support of an aircraft. 20. What is the man most frightened about? A. Being attacked by pirates. B. Running out of food and water. C. Being trapped on the island forever. 【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【原文】Dear journal, I’ve been trapped on this island for two months and can only keep track of the days by my markings in a cave. I’ve entirely given up hope on getting rescued by a plane. The aircrafts that fly by are much too infrequent and far away to be of any help. Also, in this part of the Indian Ocean, there is no one on the island. I’ve searched this island far and wide, and I’m forced to eat mushrooms, insects, and small fish. Luckily, there are enough coconuts to last a lifetime. I’m writing this to feel like I have contact with someone due to months without outside communication. I escaped the massive violent conflict in my country in the South Pacific, and I sought help from India. There, I’d be taken in and could legally settle in a different country. If it wasn’t for facing the random typhoon while crossing the Andaman Sea, I would have made it, even if my boat wasn’t perfect. There was nothing I could have done to prevent this storm. The primary issue now is lacking any method of contacting emergency support. My satellite phone is unreliable and has now proven to be of no use at all. My hope now is to find a wood supply to get my boat functioning again. If not, I’ll have to face my greatest panic: being stuck on this island forever. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four of the best skiing resorts (滑雪胜地) in the US Breckenridge Ski Resort, Colorado The resort has four terrain (地形) parks. Freeway draws expert-level riders with massive jumps, rails, boxes, and — to top it all off — an 18-foot half-pipe. The resort’s three additional parks suit other levels of riders and boast enough features for doing laps all day. Park Lane has two triple jump lines, so there’s plenty of variation to keep snowboarders busy. Frontier is an intermediate park, with moderate jumps and boxes. Highway 9 attracts entry-level riders with smaller features to familiarize them with terrain park riding. Mammoth Mountain, California This northern California ski area’s Unbound Terrain Parks have evolved more than 20 years into the top-level park zones. The area’s playgrounds offer beginner-friendly terrain with gentle rollers, small snow spines, and mini jumps to introduce riders to the train. For big air and professional-level riding, people can head to Main Park. Northstar California Resort, California Northstar boasts a 12-foot and two 18-foot half-pipes, as well as a large amount of jibs and rails, which make up about 70 percent of its terrain. It’s easy to progress at Northstar, where four of its parks are rated extra small and one is even dedicated to kids aged six and under. Northstar is well known to be one of the best-preserved parks, so riders can expect orginal wonderful conditions, whichever area they choose. Mount Snow, Vermont Mount Snow is a go-to terrain park for skiers and snowboarders. Its Carinthia Terrain Parks have 100 acres packed with variety, both in terms of various riding abilities and types of features. It’s loaded with jobs, jumps, natural terrain such as a tree-skiing zone, and a jumbo-sized superpipe. Usually, it will hold competitions such as the Peace Pipe Rail Jam and Carinthia Classic for professional riders. 21. Which of the following terrain parks will beginners choose in Breckenridge Ski Resort? A. Freeway. B. Highway 9. C. Frontier. D. Park Lane. 22. What does Northstar California Resort have a reputation for? A. Being suitable for small kids. B. Having the largest area. C. Having the longest history. D. Being kept in good condition. 23. Where can skiers have the chance to see skiing matches? A. Mammoth Mountain, California. B. Breckenridge Ski Resort, Colorado. C. Mount Snow, Vermont. D. Northstar California Resort, California. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国最好的四个滑雪胜地。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Breckenridge Ski Resort, Colorado中“Highway 9 attracts entry-level riders with smaller features to familiarize them with terrain park riding.(9号公路吸引功能较小的入门级滑雪者，以让他们熟悉地形公园进行滑行。)”可知，初学者可选择9号公路。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Northstar California Resort, California中“Northstar is well known to be one of the best-preserved parks, so riders can expect orginal wonderful conditions, whichever area they choose. (Northstar公园是众所周知的保存最完好的公园之一，所以无论选择哪个区域，滑雪者都可以期待原始的美妙条件。)”可知，Northstar因其场地保存完好而为人所熟知。故选D项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mount Snow, Vermont中“Usually, it will hold competitions such as the Peace Pipe Rail Jam and Carinthia Classic for professional riders. (通常，它会为专业骑手举办Peace Pipe Rail Jam和Carinthia Classic等比赛。)”可知，滑雪者有机会在Mount Snow, Vermont看滑雪比赛。故选C项。 B Open-air jazz, locally-grow n vegetables, Focaccia bread, goat cheese, and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night. And the vendors （商贩） held out pretty well. Even as the raindrops intensified, folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the parking lot of St. Monica Church. Among the crowd were a number of college students, mostly from the University of Rochester, likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered—a five-dollar token （购物券）,a handbag, and a prize raffle entry, all free of charge. Now in its 15th year, Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the market partners merely cooperate with local farms, businesses, and community groups to populate its tables. “Our mission really is to serve the people in the community, getting them health and nutrition information, and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce,” Farrell said, “It is typical that everything has to be local. It’s a producer-only market, so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.” Those producers had diverse offerings. Vegetables, of course, were abundant but sellers also pushed cheeses, spreads, bread, prepared pasta dishes, and much more. The community groups offering information were diverse too. Recovery All Ways, a local nonprofit with a stated “mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder” handed out Narcan and trained people in its use. Their station was next to a Moms Demand Action tent, where staffers provided information on physical safety. SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefits educators also ran a table. The activities of the stations were scored by live music. The University’s Midnight Ramblers performed, and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in. Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable crossing the bridge into the Rochester community. “We love college students, and we keep encouraging them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.” 24. What may attract college students to the College Night? A. Free prizes. B. Scenery in the rain. C. Delicious food. D. Good music. 25. What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market? A. It gives college students tokens. B. It is full of noise and excitement. C. Its offerings are locally grown or prepared. D. It appeals people from all walks of life. 26. Which of the following can best describe the College Night? A. Crowded and chaotic. B. Luxurious and splendid. C. Romantic and peaceful. D. Busy and festive. 27. What might be a suitable title for the text? A. Westside Farmers Market is flowering rapidly B. College Night channels products to community C. College Night bridges university and community D. Westside Farmers Market is expanding nationwide 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，讲述了西区农贸市场的年度大学之夜活动，包括活动的内容、特色以及意义。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Among the crowd were a number of college students, mostly from the University of Rochester, likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered—a five-dollar token (购物券), a handbag, and a prize raffle entry, all free of charge.(人群中有许多大学生，大部分来自罗切斯特大学，可能是被提供的大学之夜奖品吸引来的——一张五美元的购物券、一个手提包和一张抽奖券，全部免费。)”可知，免费的奖品可能会吸引大学生参加大学之夜。故选A项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Our mission really is to serve the people in the community, getting them health and nutrition information, and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce(我们的使命是为社区的人们提供服务，为他们提供健康和营养信息，并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来)”和“It is typical that everything has to be local. It’s a producer-only market, so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.(典型的情况是，所有东西都必须是本地的。这是一个仅生产者的市场，所以你必须种植或生产你要在这里销售的任何东西。)”可知，西区农贸市场的特点是其产品都是本地种植或生产的。故选C项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Open-air jazz, locally-grown vegetables, Focaccia bread, goat cheese, and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.(上周二，在西区农贸市场一年一度的大学之夜活动中，露天爵士音乐、当地种植的蔬菜、福卡恰面包、山羊奶酪和纳洛酮培训都与暴雨竞争。)”和第二段“And the vendors (商贩) held out pretty well. Even as the raindrops intensified, folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the parking lot of St. Monica Church.(商贩们坚持得很好。即使雨点越来越大，人们还是不断地探索停在圣莫尼卡教堂停车场的桌子。)”可知，大学之夜活动很繁忙；再结合倒数第二段的“The activities of the stations were scored by live music. The University’s Midnight Ramblers performed, and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in.(大学的“午夜漫步者”进行了表演，当地的爵士乐队在雨点滚滚而来的时候继续演奏。)”可知，大学之夜活动也很有节日气氛。故选D项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable crossing the bridge into the Rochester community.(法雷尔希望大学之夜的促销活动能帮助学生更舒适地跨过这座桥进入罗切斯特社区。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了西区农贸市场的年度大学之夜活动，包括活动的内容、特色以及意义，旨在加强大学和社区之间的联系。C项“大学之夜架起了大学和社区的桥梁”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。 C A study conducted recently suggests millions of dollars can be made by using fleets of bright CubeSats (立方体卫星) to form advertisements high above Earth. This has concerned some scientists, as it would tarnish our already-threatened views of the night sky. The purpose of the new study was to evaluate the “economic feasibility (可行性) of a space advertising mission that would launch a formation of satellites into orbit to reflect sunlight and display commercials in the sky above cities,” according to Shamil Bikimirov, the first promoter of the study. Biktimirov and his colleagues envision (设想) 50 or more CubeSats working in concert to create images that are visible from highly populated urban areas. And they estimate that a single mission would cost about $65 million. But in the view of astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell, the “bright advertising messages themselves will be localized to urban areas,” but the “brightness of these solar sail satellites will still be substantial in other places and times,” which is something the Russian researchers didn’t consider. The Russian researchers, in full anticipation of negative response, defended their idea, saying the ads would only appear at dawn or dusk (the CubeSats require at least some exposure to sunlight to become bright and visible) and that the space-based ads only make economic sense for “large cities that are already exposed to permanent light pollution”. The promoters propose that the ads appear above the most profitable city within reach for a full minute before moving on to the next city. And an estimated $2 million could be made each day with this approach, so the whole thing could be paid off in about a month, the scientists argued. A single fleet of CubeSats could operate in this fashion for “several months” depending on the configuration (配置), they wrote. Space-based ads may be feasible, but they’d spoil our natural, unobstructed views of space. That our cities are already flooded with light pollution and ads on the ground is hardly an excuse to embark on such an attempt. Here’s hoping that sensibility will win and that ads for soft drinks and fast food stay on the ground. 28 How can money be earned according to Paragraph 1? A. By using bright CubeSats. B. By displaying ads formed by CubeSats. C. By damaging views of the night sky. D. By putting up lights high above Earth. 29. What does the new study aim to find out? A. Why space advertising can be influential. B. How advertising can be carried out in space. C. Which cities will welcome space advertising. D. Whether space advertising has a commercial value. 30. What is Jonathan McDowell’s concern about space advertising? A. It might cause light pollution in some places. B. The advertising messages might be confusing. C. It might be difficult to localize advertising messages. D. The advertising messages might be affected by sunlight. 31. What’s the author’s attitude towards space-based ads? A. Unconcerned. B. Disapproving. C. Curious. D. Supportive. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项通过立方体卫星在高空展示广告的研究。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A study conducted recently suggests millions of dollars can be made by using fleets of bright CubeSats (立方体卫星) to form advertisements high above Earth. (最近进行的一项研究表明，利用明亮的立方体卫星编队在地球上空形成广告，可以赚取数百万美元。)”可知，通过立方体卫星在高空展示广告，数以百万美元能够被赚。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The purpose of the new study was to evaluate the ‘economic feasibility (可行性) of a space advertising mission that would launch a formation of satellites into orbit to reflect sunlight and display commercials in the sky above cities’ (这项新研究的目的是评估‘一项太空广告任务的经济可行性，该任务将发射一组卫星进入轨道，以反射阳光，并在城市上空播放广告’。)”可知，这个新研究想要了解太空广告是否具有商业价值。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“brightness of these solar sail satellites will still be substantial in other places and times (这些太阳帆卫星的亮度在其他地方和时间仍将相当可观)”可知，Jonathan McDowell担心太空广告会给其他地方造成灯光污染。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here’s hoping that sensibility will win and that ads for soft drinks and fast food stay on the ground. (我们希望感性能获胜，希望软饮料和快餐广告能留在地面上。)”可知，作者对于太空广告持有否定的态度。故选B。 D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 32. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 33. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 34. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 35. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假定自己是错的”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)”可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)”及第五段的“Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) ”可知，“假定自己是错的”这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。 【34题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)”及最后一段的“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)”可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to deal with frustration From time to time terrible things occur. When something awful happens in our life, we always feel sorry for ourselves and it is natural to fall into a negative feeling of frustration. ____36____ In this post, we will share some approaches that will help relieve your frustration in a positive manner where you can subsequently learn and grow. When you feel frustrated by life it can be hard to feel thankful for the blessings in your life. ____37____ Numerous studies in positive psychology show that having an attitude of gratitude is the number one indicator of life satisfaction and happiness. ____38____ Every day you can try to list three good things in your life you are grateful for. By doing so you will be surprised how much this decreases your feelings of frustration. Another lesson of positive psychology is that your own problems are often relieved when you make an effort to help others. When you’re volunteering your time, doing random acts of kindness, or simply trying to make a positive difference in the lives of others, your brain will produce more dopamine(多巴胺), which gives you a sense of pleasure. ____39____ Finally, I am sure you have heard the old saying, “____40____” This old saying has lasted for so long because it is true. You may envy what other people seem to have, but you do not know what they are going through. So, if you want to stop feeling sorry for yourself, you need to only compare yourself to yourself. Stop envying what you believe other people have and learn to be happy with the things you do have in life. A. Don’t judge a book by its cover. B. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. C. But that is when you need to feel grateful the most. D. You should set aside some “me time” to rest and restore. E. It hurts us and keeps us from making the proper decisions. F. You can actually relieve your own frustration by doing others a favor. G. The most practical way to feel grateful is to start a gratitude journal. 【答案】36. E 37. C 38. G 39. F 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何处理沮丧的有效措施。 【36题详解】 下文“In this post, we will share some approaches that will help relieve your frustration in a positive manner where you can subsequently learn and grow.( 在这篇文章中，我们将分享一些方法，以积极的方式帮助你减轻沮丧，你可以随后学习和成长。)”指出要分享一些有助于减轻沮丧的方法，帮助我们学习和成长，说明沮丧会对我们造成伤害，因此E项“它会伤害我们，让我们无法做出正确的决定。”符合语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 上文“When you feel frustrated by life it can be hard to feel thankful for the blessings in your life.(当你对生活感到沮丧时，你很难对生活中祝福心存感激。)”说明感到沮丧时，不会对生活充满感激，下文“Numerous studies in positive psychology show that having an attitude of gratitude is the number one indicator of life satisfaction and happiness.(积极心理学的大量研究表明，拥有感恩的态度是生活满意度和幸福感的首要指标。)”讲述人们应该充满感激，才会感到幸福，因此推断空处承上启下，说明在沮丧时我们应该对生活充满感激，因此C项“但那正是你最需要感恩的时候。”符合语境。故选C。 【38题详解】 根据下文“Every day you can try to list three good things in your life you are grateful for. By doing so you will be surprised how much this decreases your feelings of frustration.( 每天你可以试着列出生活中三件你感激的好事。通过这样做，你会惊讶地发现这大大减少了你的挫败感。)”可知，本段讲述了一种减轻沮丧感的方法——列出一些感激的好事，因此推断G项“最实用的感恩方式就是开始写感恩日记。”符合语境。故选G。 【39题详解】 根据前文“When you’re volunteering your time, doing random acts of kindness, or simply trying to make a positive difference in the lives of others, your brain will produce more dopamine(多巴胺), which gives you a sense of pleasure.(当你自愿奉献你的时间，做一些随意的善举，或者只是试图对他人的生活产生积极的影响时，你的大脑会产生更多的多巴胺，这给你一种快乐的感觉。)”可知，此处讲述乐于助人会给人带来快乐，因此推断F项“实际上，你可以通过帮别人的忙来缓解自己的沮丧。”符合语境，说明助人为乐有助于缓解沮丧，承接上文。故选F。 【40题详解】 根据下文“This old saying has lasted for so long because it is true. You may envy what other people seem to have, but you do not know what they are going through. So, if you want to stop feeling sorry for yourself, you need to only compare yourself to yourself. Stop envying what you believe other people have and learn to be happy with the things you do have in life.( 这句老话流传了这么久，因为它是真的。你可能会羡慕别人看起来拥有的东西，但你不知道他们正在经历什么。所以，如果你不想再自怨自艾，你只需要拿自己和自己比较。停止嫉妒你认为别人拥有的东西，学会对你在生活中所拥有的东西感到快乐)”可知，下文讲述了羡慕他人与他人作比较，嫉妒他人拥有的东西是不好的，会让你自怨自艾，要学会自己与自己比较。因此推断这句谚语是B项“这山望着那山高。”。故选B。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right ____41____ in the Battle of Shiloh, led 10 ____42____ in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies. Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than busting through rapids (急流). None of the men were ____43____ boatmen. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. ____44____, it was the grandest expedition (探险) since Lewis and Clark. Over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of ____45____ currents awaited them. Though Powell had boats custom-made for the ____46____, they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to ____47____ in the wilderness but had never navigated (横越) a river. He packed so much food that it ____48____ sank the boats from the start. Much of the journey was spent ____49____ boats damaged while portaging around rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to _____50_____with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in _____51_____ water and 115-degree heat. Three men deserted the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders and _____52_____ wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous journey, they had successfully _____53_____ the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “territory unknown.” As the West expanded, Powell’s maps would be _____54_____. Beauty is in the living of life, in looking beyond the challenges to the _____55_____ of the small moments we achieve — sometimes against all odds. 41. A. leg B. arm C. ear D. finger 42. A. explorers B. soldiers C. heroes D. boatmen 43. A. rude B. greedy C. experienced D. honest 44. A. Still B. Otherwise C. Thus D. And 45. A. remote B. quiet C. unknown D. vast 46. A. trip B. journey C. travel D. tour 47. A. live B. hunt C. hide D. survive 48. A. nearly B. already C. mostly D. never 49. A. making B. handling C. rowing D. repairing 50. A. talk B. discuss C. fight D. negotiate 51. A. shallow B. freezing C. violent D. polluted 52. A. pulled in B. pulled up C. pulled on D. pulled at 53. A. adapted to B. stuck to C. saw to D. got to 54. A. reliable B. priceless C. measurable D. considerable 55. A. strength B. attempt C. position D. wonder 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1869年5月，失去右臂的前联邦军队上校约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔率领10名队员，乘坐四艘满载10个月补给的重型木船，进行探险的故事。尽管面临重重困难，如急流、船只破损、食物短缺等，他们仍坚持完成探险，成功绘制了此前未知的荒野地图。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1869 年 5 月，在希洛战役中失去了大部分右臂的前联邦陆军少校约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔带领 10 名探险家驾驶四艘满载 10 个月补给品的重型木船启航。A. leg腿；B. arm手臂；C. ear耳朵；D. finger手指。根据第二段中“The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. ”可知，约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔失去了右臂。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1869 年 5 月，在希洛战役中失去了大部分右臂的前联邦陆军少校约翰·威斯利·鲍威尔带领 10 名探险家驾驶四艘满载 10 个月补给品的重型木船启航。A. explorers探险家；B. soldiers士兵；C. heroes英雄；D. boatmen船夫。根据上文“led 10...”和第三段中“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated ( 横越) a river.”可推知，鲍威尔带领10 名探险家开启航程。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些人没有一个是有经验的船员。A. rude粗鲁的；B. greedy贪婪的；C. experienced有经验的；D. honest诚实的。根据第三段中“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated (横越) a river.”可知，鲍威尔招募的人都不是有经验的船员。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过这仍然是自刘易斯和克拉克以来最伟大的一次探险。A. Still不过；B. Otherwise否则；C. Thus因此；D. And并且。上文“None of the men were 3 boatmen. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them.”陈述了鲍威尔探险队面临的成员不专业，地图不完整等问题，下文“it was the grandest expedition (探险) since Lewis and Clark.”却肯定其意义，并把这次探险与刘易斯和克拉克的探险相提并论，上下文有转折关系。副词still意为“不过”，符合句意。故选A项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：超过500个激流和1000英里未知的水流等待着他们。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. unknown未知的；D. vast广阔的。根据上文“maps with gaps in them”和第四段中“Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while portaging around rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood.”可推知，因为地图缺失，鲍威尔一行的航行前途未卜，充满未知的激流的水流。故选C项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然鲍威尔为这次旅行定制了船，但船很沉。A. trip旅行(短途)；B. journey旅程(长途)；C. travel旅行(泛指)；D. tour观光。根据第四段中“Much of the journey”可知，用journey表示长途旅程，原词复现。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他招募了一些知道如何在荒野中生存但从未在河流中航行过的人。A. live生活；B. hunt狩猎；C. hide隐藏；D. survive生存。根据下文“but had never navigated (横越) a river”可推知，这些人知道如何在荒野中生存，但不知道如何在河道中航行，上下文是转折关系。故选D项。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他装了那么多食物，一开始就险些把船弄沉。A. nearly几乎，险些；B. already已经；C. mostly主要地；D. never从不。根据上文可知，探险顺利启航，所以“sank the boats from the start”是没有发生的事情，所以是险些把船弄沉。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：旅途的大部分时间都花在修理在急流中搬运时损坏的船只和用浮木雕刻新桨上。A. making制作；B. handling处理；C. rowing划船；D. repairing修理。根据下文“boats damaged”可知，要修理损坏的船只。故选D项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：食物丢失或变质，猎物稀少，鲍威尔前往内陆与印第安人谈判食物。A. talk谈话；B. discuss讨论；C. fight打架；D. negotiate谈判。根据下文“with the Indians for food”可知，鲍威尔要与印第安人谈判来获得食物。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：探险队在冰冷的水中和115度的高温中度过了无数的日子。A. shallow浅的；B. freezing冰冷的；C. violent猛烈的；D. polluted被污染的。根据下文“115-degree heat”可推知，句中描述的是探险队经历的极端环境，结合选项，freezing water“冰冷的水”符合语境。故选B项。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：船员们睡在巨石上，第二天早上穿上湿衣服。A. pulled in拉进；B. pulled up停下；C. pulled on穿上；D. pulled at拉扯。根据下文“wet clothing the next morning”可知，第二天早上穿上湿衣服。故选C项。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在艰苦的旅程结束时，他们成功地适应了挑战，并绘制了一片以前被标记为“未知领域”的荒野。A. adapted to适应；B. stuck to坚持；C. saw to注意到；D. got to到达。根据上文“successfully”可推知，他们最终成功适应了面临的种种挑战。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着西部的扩张，鲍威尔的地图将是无价的。A. reliable可靠的；B. priceless无价的；C. measurable可测量的；D. considerable相当多的。根据上文“mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “territory unknown.””和“As the West expanded”可知，鲍威尔绘制了更完整的西部地图，所以在西部扩张中，他的地图将是无价之宝。故选B项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美存在于生活中，存在于超越挑战，看到我们取得成就时刻的奇迹中——有时是克服重重困难。A. strength力量；B. attempt尝试；C. position位置；D. wonder奇迹。根据上文可知，鲍威尔探险队完成了不可能的任务，结合句中“beyond the challenges”和“the small moments we achieve”可知，超越挑战，取得成就是一种奇迹。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So popular is learning Chinese that more and more ____56____(ambition) foreign parents are signing their children up for Chinese courses. For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ____57____ is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent. Her mother says that ____58____(learn) the world’s most spoken language might give her ____59____ head start in her future career. The reasons why Chinese is enjoying great popularity are as follows. First, China is already a global economic power, ____60____ influence is growing. As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____61____(motivate) more countries to cooperate more closely so far. ____62____(additional), studying Chinese provides access ____63____ wonderful Chinese culture, which is one of the most appealing aspects of the recently ____64____(add) Chinese course. By learning Chinese, overseas students can see life from a new perspective and broaden their _____65_____(mind) to the outside world. 【答案】56. ambitious 57. What 58. learning 59. a 60. whose 61. has motivated 62. Additionally 63. to 64. added 65. minds 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主语介绍越来越多的外国人学习汉语的趋势。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：学习汉语如此受欢迎，以至于越来越多雄心勃勃的外国家长为孩子报名参加汉语课程。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词parents。故填ambitious。 【57题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：特别是，她能毫无口音地背出来。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，“什么”的意思，用连词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她的母亲说，学习世界上最常用的语言可能会让她在未来的职业生涯中领先。动名词作句子的主语。故填learning。 【59题详解】 考查冠词。句意：见第3题详解。start是可数名词单数形式，前面用冠词，表示“一个”的意思，head的第一个音素是辅音音素，用a修饰。故填a。 【60题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：首先，中国已经是一个全球经济大国，其影响力正在增长。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词China在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词influence，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【61题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：我们知道，到目前为止，中国的“一带一路”倡议已经激励了更多的国家进行更密切的合作。句子有so far作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是China’s Belt and Road Initiative，谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has motivated。 【62题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，学习汉语可以接触到美妙的中国文化，这是最近增加的汉语课程最吸引人的方面之一。作状语，修饰整个句子，需要用副词，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Additionally。 【63题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：见第7题详解。固定搭配access to，意为“接触”。故填to。 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：见第7题详解。此处为非谓语动词，动词add和被修饰的名词短语Chinese course是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动。故填added。 【65题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：通过学习汉语，海外学生可以从一个新的角度看待生活，并拓宽他们对外界的视野。空格前面有their修饰，名词用复数形式作宾语。故填minds。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是校报英语版总编李华，你邀请到了美国环保专家White教授作主题为“Livingin Harmony with Nature”的讲座。请你在讲座前简要发言，内容包括： 1. 相关介绍；2. 注意事项。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear fellow students. So privileged are we that today Professor White will deliver a lecture themed Living in Harmony with Nature for us. Therefore, please allow me to represent us students to express our heartfelt gratitude and warm welcome to him. During this lecture, not only will Professor White share with us how to cause less pollution to the world, but he will also lead us to live a greener life. Most importantly, while enjoying this lecture, we will undoubtedly have a brand-new understanding of our earth. What’s more, everyone attending this lecture is required to listen carefully, take notes if necessary and positively follow his instructions as requested. Hopefully, we will have a pleasant time together. That’s all. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，你邀请到了美国环保专家White教授作主题为“Livingin Harmony with Nature”的讲座。要求考生在讲座前简要发言进行相关介绍并提醒注意事项。 【详解】1.词汇积累 代表：represent→be on behalf of 感谢：gratitude→appreciation 无疑地：undoubtedly→surely 此外：what’s more →besides/moreover 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：What’s more, everyone attending this lecture is required to listen carefully, take notes if necessary and positively follow his instructions as requested. 拓展句：What’s more, everyone who attends this lecture is required to listen carefully, take notes if necessary and positively follow his instructions as requested. 【点睛】[高分句型1] So privileged are we that today Professor White will deliver a lecture themed Living in Harmony with Nature for us. (运用了部分倒装结构和过去分词短语作后置定语) [高分句型2] Most importantly, while enjoying this lecture, we will undoubtedly have a brand-new understanding of our earth.(运用了状语从句的省略结构) 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I remember that I was worn out when I got home that afternoon. I'd had to be at the theatre for the audition (试演) at nine that morning, and then I'd been waiting around for about three hours before the director finally saw me. I performed my song and almost at once he told me I could go home. “I am very sorry,”he said,“but your voice isn't quite right for the part.”It had been a similar story at all the auditions that I'd done over the past few weeks. It had been my dream for years to be in a famous musical like The Sound of Music or Mamma Mia, so I'd taken lessons in singing and dancing, and had come to the city to try and get a part in a show. I'd been really pleased when I'd managed to set up no fewer than ten auditions, but so far all of them had gone the same way. As I arrived back that afternoon at the little apartment where I rented a room, I really wondered whether I should bother going to the eleventh the next morning. It was a show I'd have loved to be in — but really, what was the point? Someone I knew had told me about a job at a local coffee shop, and had said that if I called in for a quick chat at ten the next day, I'd almost certainly get the job. It meant missing the audition, but right now, it seemed like a much more sensible thing to do. I always sing when I need to cheer myself up, and because there was no one else in the apartment, I slipped off my shoes, went and stood in front of the mirror and started singing.Quite quickly I found myself belting out (大声唱) one of my favourite songs, Bridge over Troubled Water. As I finished the song, I suddenly heard applause. I looked around the room thinking that my roommate had perhaps slipped in without me noticing — but there was nobody. Then I went over to the open window of the apartment, and saw an elderly woman standing on the far side of the pavement below, looking up at me. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: She reached her arms up towards me with a great smile on her face. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next day I went to the eleventh audition. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 She reached her arms up towards me with a great smile on her face. I was taken aback by her unexpected gesture of appreciation. Her eyes sparkled with admiration as she shouted from below, “You have a voice of an angel, my dear! Keep singing, don’t ever stop!” The unexpected support from a stranger was like a beacon of light in the midst of my doubts and disappointments. I felt a surge of confidence and determination washing over me. With renewed spirit, I made up my mind to go all out for the audition the next day. The next day I went to the eleventh audition. As I walked into the theatre, I felt a newfound sense of purpose and self-assurance. The director greeted me with a warm smile, and this time, as I sang my heart out, I could feel the magic in the air. When I finished, there was a moment of silence before the room erupted into applause. The director’s eyes were shining with excitement as he said, “You’ve got the part! Welcome to the show!” It was at that moment that I realized dreams really did come true, and all it took was a little courage and belief in oneself. 【解析】 【导语】本文人物为线索展开，讲述了主人公一直梦想能够参演像《音乐之声》或《妈妈咪呀》这样的著名音乐剧，为此接受了歌唱和舞蹈课程。然而，她在过去几周的十次试演中都遭遇失败。回到公寓后，她开始怀疑是否值得参加第十一次试演。在孤独的公寓里，她放声唱歌，想让自己振作起来，意外听到了来自陌生人的掌声的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“她向我伸出双臂，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。”可知，第一段可描写老人对主人公的歌声的赞美，主人公感到很意外，但陌生人的支持给了主人公力量，主人公下定决心全力以赴参加第二天的试镜。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天我去参加了第十一次试演。”可知，第二段可描写主人公带着自信去试镜，得到了导演的欢迎，观众爆发出了阵阵掌声，导演让主人公出演主人公梦寐以求的角色，主人公意识到要实现梦想需要勇敢和信心。 2.续写线索：陌生人的赞美——主人公充满信心——决定参加第十一次试演——取得成功——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①闪烁：sparkle/glitter ②大声叫：shout/cry ③停止：stop/cease 情绪类 ①赞赏：appreciation/admiration ②兴奋地：with excitement/excitedly 【点睛】[高分句型1] Her eyes sparkled with admiration as she shouted from below, “You have a voice of an angel, my dear! Keep singing, don’t ever stop!” (使用了as引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] It was at that moment that I realized dreams really did come true, and all it took was a little courage and belief in oneself. (使用了强调句型、省略that引导的宾语从句和省略that引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null