串讲07句子的基本形式讲解（课件） - 2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

新牛津译林版高中英语 选择性必修四Unit1 Grammar and usage ◆ Simple sentences(简单句) ◆ Compound sentences(并列句) ◆ Complex sentences(复合句) ◆ Compound-complex sentence(并列复合句) Analysis of complicated sentences Grammar 1 简单句 Road to Grammar 句型 例句 主语+系动词+表语 The old man seems healthy. 主语+不及物动词 We study hard. 主语+及物动词+宾语 David loves science. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My father bought me a computer. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 Judy painted the wall white. 简单句的五种基本句型 1 分类 对下列句子的成份进行划分 Things changed. Trees are green. We don’t beat children. He gave his sister the piano. I found the book easy. 简单句 Simple sentence 只有一个主谓结构的独立分句叫简单句。 在简单句中，主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当,组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。 除了主语和谓语之外，简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等有时，简单句包含很多修饰语,使得句子变得很长。 Spring is the best season for planting trees.春季是植树的最佳季节。 Robert, Linda and Jim often study, play and dine together. 罗伯特、琳达和吉姆经常在一起学习、玩耍和吃饭 2 讲解 Grammar 2 并列句 Road to Grammar 并列句 Compound sentence 含有两个或两个以上的独立分句的句子叫并列句。并列句中常见的连词有: 表示并列关系: and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...,as well as 等。 表示转折或对比关系:but, yet, while等 表示因果关系:for, so, thus, therefore 等 表示选择关系:or, either...or...等。 I have travelled to many places ,but I still want to visit more. 我已经去过很多地方旅游,但是我还想游览更多的地方。 They have different ideas, so they have solved the problem in different ways.他们有不同的想法,所以用不同的方式解决了这个问题。 1 讲解 特殊并列连词及并列句 1.when可用作并列连词，意为“这时、那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： (1)“be about to do sth.when...”意为“正要做某事，这时突然……”； (2)“be on the point of doing sth.when...”意为“正要做某事，这时突然……”； (3)“be doing sth.when...”意为“正在做某事，这时突然……”； (4)“had (just/already) done sth.when...”意为“刚做完某事，这时突然……”。 2.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly ­trained agent will get you the help you need. 在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。 Start out right away, or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 并列连词的考查主要集中在“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”、and表示并列、yet/but表示转折、or表示选择、so表示因果、while表示对比、when表示“突然”等方面。 Grammar 3 主从复合句 Road to Grammar 主从复合句 （1）由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子叫主从复合句。 主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语，但从句只是句子的一个成分，不能独立存在。 （2）主从复合可分为定语从、状语从和名词性从句三大类 定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句等。 （3）名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 1 讲解 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 He told me the news. 宾语 that the match had been cancelled. 宾语从句 how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay. that his father was working in that school. how much he was prepared to pay for my car. when he was leaving for Paris. That surprised the people in the room. 主语 That he didn’t know the answer What he said what he did 定语 who were sitting in the room. who were present. whose sons were at war. who had signed the contract. 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 He worked in that factory 地点状语 His father worked there. I lived there. where I lived in that factory three years ago. 时间状语 when he lived there He lived there three years ago. 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 That is the fact. what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened. 复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 Put the book on the desk. 地点状语 where it was. where you found it. where you took it. Grammar 4 并列复合句 Road to Grammar 并列复合句 两个或两个以上由并列连接词连接的分句中至少有一个是主从复合句，这种句子称为并列复合句。 but连接并列主从复合句，表示分句以及主从句之间的转折关系。 The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to make the best of it. 尽管这所学校不是我真正想去的学校，但是我想我会尽可能充分地利用它。 1 讲解 and连接并列主从复合句，表示分句以及主从句之间的顺承关系。 Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. 找到各种方式经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会对你敞开心扉。 so连接并列主从复合句，表示分句以及主从句之间的因果关系。 The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months, so it will be a long time before we meet them again. 实地调查需要花费琼和保罗大约五个月的时间，所以我们还要很长时间才能再次见到他们。 1.(2021全国新高考I卷语言语用第二节) Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The long and Winding Road”. ______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2. (2021全国甲卷短文改错) In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most. What when/whenever 高考实战 3. (2021年1月浙江卷语言运用第二节) In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _______ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. that/which and 高考实战 4. (2021年八省联考语言运用第二节) Do keep an open mind. Srudents can change majors, _____ remember that there’s no re-living a certain semester(学期), and there’s no making up for lost time. Don’t go to a school specifically for a high school relationship ____ to make someone else happy. or but 高考实战 5.(2020全国新高考I卷语言运用第二节) They kept their collection at home until it got too big ____until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ___________ opened in 1759. or which/that 高考实战 6. (2020浙江卷7月语言运用第二节) Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild,... what 高考实战 7.(2020全国II卷短文改错) Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.... Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together every day. but/yet so 高考实战 $$