串讲06状语从句讲解（课件） - 2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

新牛津译林版高中英语 选择性必修四Unit1 Grammar and usage 状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、结果、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 1 定义 状语从句的分类 While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. Don't leave the building unless I tell you to. He ran so quickly that I couldn’t catch up with him. Tom runs faster than John does. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. She was standing exactly where you are standing now. He didn’t come to school because he was ill. She treated me as if I were her daughter. Wahtever you do, I will support you. 时间状语从句 条件状语从句 结果状语从句 比较状语从句 目的状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句 2 分类 1.时间状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 补充 时间状语从句 when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till / until, as soon as, since, once, by the time, no sooner ... than, hardly / scarcely ... when, ... every time, the moment, the minute, immediately 也可引导时间状语从句 (1) when, while，as 引导时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性或非延续性动词，主从句动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 while 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或表示状态的词，强调主从句动作同时发生。 as 从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。主从句动作同时发生或交替进行，意为“一边……，一边……；随着”。 It was raining when we arrived. While I was watching TV, the bell rang. As she grew older, she gained in confidence. (2) before 和 since 引导的时间状语从句 连词 常用句式 before It will be/ was＋一段时间＋before... 要过/过了好久…才… It won't be/ wasn’t＋一段时间＋before... 过不了多久/没过多久就…了 since It is/ has been+一段时间+since从句 自从…以来已经多长时间了 (从句用一般过去时, 主句用现在完成时) It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 We haven’t seen each other since we broke up. 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。 It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university. until/ till 用于肯定句时，主谓动为延续性动词，“直到…为止” not...until/ till...所在的主谓动为非延续性动词， “直到…才…” till 不可以置于句首，而 until 可以置于句首。 not until 放在句首，主句要部分倒装 it is/was not until...that...强调句型(不倒装) (3) until/ till 引导时间状语从句 His mother won’t go to bed until he returns home every evening. Until he returns home every evening his mother will go to bed. Not until he returns home every evening will his mother go to bed. It is not until he returns home every evening that his mother will go to bed. hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句时,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 the moment, the minute, directly, instantly, the instant, as soon as... (4) 表示“一…就…”的连词引导的时间状语从句 We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. The little boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. e.g. 那个小男孩一见到他妈妈便哭了起来。 e.g. 我们一到车站，火车就离站了。 如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时； 如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。 By the time we got there, the rain had stopped. 到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 (5) every time, (the) next time, any time, the first time，by the time(当…时候)等其他连词引导时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 I'm unsatisfied with where I live. 我对自己住的地方特不满意。 You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪都可以。 由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别： where引导定语从句时，从句前应有先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。 ① Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and it rains often. ② Bamboo grows best where it is warm and it rains often. 3.原因状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 补充 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now (that)(由于) ... seeing (that) (鉴于), in that, considering/given (that)... 也可引导原因状语从句 She got the job, because she was the best candidate. Since/ As we have no money, we can’t buy it. Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home. He seldom goes out now, for he is very old. 4.目的状语从句 He got up early so that/ in order that he could catch the early train. You’d better take the keys in case I’m out. I will not make a noise for fear that I disturb you. I shall write it down lest I should forget. 从句类型 常见连词 补充 目的状语从句 so that, in order that ... 谓语动词前常带有情态动词； in case, lest, for fear (that)(唯恐) 也可引导目的状语从句 5.结果状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 结果状语从句 so, so that, so ... that, such ... that ... He is so handsome that we all like him. He is such a handsome person that we all like him. So+形容词/副词+that So+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that So+many/much/few/little+复数名词/不可数名词 Such+a/an(形容词)+单数名词+that Such+形容词+复数名词+that 区分： 目的状语从句中常有can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词。 结果状语从句表示客观事实,谓语动词用陈述语气,从句中通常无情态动词。 6.条件状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 补充 条件状语从句 if, unless, so  / as long as, only if, once, on condition that ... if 不能用 whether 替换；providing/provided that; suppose/ supposing (that)(假如)...也可引导条件状语从句 We’ll start our project if the president agrees. 如果主席同意，我们就开始我们的计划。 You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。 Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。 7.让步状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 补充 让步状语从句 although, though, even if / though,  as， while ... 由“特殊疑问词+ever”，“no matter +疑问词”以及whether...or 也可引导让步状语从句 (1) although/ though引导让步状语从句,不与but连用，但可与yet/ still连用。 He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. Clever though you may be, you cannot do that. (2)no matter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词＋ever”类词。 Don’t trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me. (3) while 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”,常位于句首。 While we don’t agree on the matter, we continue to be friends. (4) as引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。 Child as/ though he is，he knows a lot. Successful as he is, he is not proud. Much as I like it，I won’t buy. Try as he would/might，he couldn’t lift the heavy box. He looks as if he is angry. 他看上去好像生气了。 8.方式状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 方式状语从句 as, as if/ though ... as if/ as though引导的的从句可用陈述语气，表示(可能) 符合事实的情况；也可以用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。 She is not so/as outgoing as her sister. 她不如她姐姐外向。 She is as tall as Tom. 她与汤姆一样高。 9.比较状语从句 从句类型 常见连词 补充 比较状语从句 than，as…as… ，the same as，not as/so…as… 比较级＋than，the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... providing/ provided that; suppose/ supposing (that)(假如)...也可引导条件状语从句 在表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，从而构成“从属连词+形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”结构。 If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary. 如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他是个好人，尽管有时很愚钝。 While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend. 路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。 Unless (I am) invited, I won't take part in the activity. 除非有人邀请，否则我不会参加那个活动。 3 状语从句的省略 21 1. 从句意识缺乏 It rained heavily in the morning today. There appeared several accidents on the road. It rained so heavily in the morning today that there appeared several accidents on the road. 通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。 2. 状语从句成分残缺 Please close the doors and windows before leave the classroom. Please close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom. 由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。 (误) (正) 4 状语从句易错点 3. 连接词误用 No matter he had been invited or not, he was there to celebrate Wu You’s birthday. Whether he had been invited or not, he was there to celebrate Wu You’s birthday. 这两句尽管从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直接引导状语从句。 Though he is considered a great writer, but works are not widely read. Though he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。 (误) (误) (正) (正) I. 单句语法填空 1. Don’t meet an “Internet friend” alone, ______ something dangerous may happen to you. 2. Nearly every kid hates exams, _____ they’re necessary. They help to check if kids have learned the specific knowledge. 3. Everyone in the town knew him, _____ we had no trouble finding his house. 4. He always works so hard _____ he does well in every subject. 5. I still remember my first teacher _______ we haven’t seen each other for many years. or but so though that 6. Kate’s Dad is getting old. She will go back home to see him _________ it is convenient. 7. ________________________ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they’re still in fashion today. 8. The players don’t need to be sad about the result of the race _____ they have tried their best. 9. Time waits for no man. But people won’t realize the value of time _______it’s gone. 10. Many people can not learn any lessons from the mistakes _______ they get hurt somehow. whenever Although / Though / While as until unless 3. (2019·天津卷) Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion _______ he wants their support. 【解析】考查从属连词。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。故填unless。 4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。 unless than 高考实战 1. (2021·全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ______ the late 1980s. 【解析】考查连词。句意：直到上世纪80年代末，这个概念才被广泛接受。分析句子结构并结合前面的not可知，本句是not...until...结构。故填until。 2. (2019·新课标III卷) On our way to the house, it was raining ____ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. 【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。 until so 高考实战 5. (全国Ⅲ) Over time, __________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 【解析】考查从属连词。句意：长期以来，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样烹饪起来更快。as/when意为“当……时，随着……”。故填as / when。 6. (四川) The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. __________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 【解析】考查从属连词。句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。根据语境可知，when(当……时)和if(如果)用在此处都合适。故填When / If。 as / when When / If 高考实战 7. (全国III2020·65改编)___________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的）artist，they smiled and pointed down the river. 【解析】句意为：当他问江岸上的村民们他要到哪儿才能找到这位传奇的画家时，村民们笑了并指了指江水的下游。结合句意可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当·····时”，asked为非延续性动词，故应用When或As引导。 8(浙江2019年6月·59改编)_______________the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them. 【解析】句意为：当孩子们在早上天还没亮就步行或者骑自行车去学校时，汽车司机很容易就能看到他们。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当····的时候”，且根据语境可知，主句动作发生在从句动作持续的过程中，故填When／While。 When /As When / While $$