10必修第三册重要语法突破讲义（人教版2019）-2024年高一英语培优提升暑假作业

10必修第三册重要语法突破讲义 非谓语动词 目录 1 非谓语动词基础知识 2 非谓语动词考点剖析 3 非谓语动词基础必刷题 Part one基础知识 1、定义： 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。 非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前直接加not。 2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式： 单谓语或动词短语： He works. He takes care of the baby. 情态动词/ 助动词+ v.： He will go to Shanghai. He didn’t go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. 系动词+表语： You are students. You look smart. 3、非谓语动词使用的条件： 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。如： She had water delivered to her house. We noticed him enter the building. 4、非谓语动词的形式： 1）to do 不定式 2）V-ing： ①作为一个名词使用，称为动名词； ②作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词； 3） V-ed 过去分词 一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 1.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。 (1)不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如: She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。 (2)不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如: To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself· In order to keep warm we shut all the windows. (3)不定式表结果，常用在too…to; enough….to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。如: The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife never to return. (4)有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如: I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truth To cut a long story short we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。 2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。 (1)现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如: Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. (2)作原因状语。如: Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning. (3)作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如: The fire lasted a whole night causing great damage. (4)作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如. Following Tom, we started to climb. She came riding a brand-new bike. (3) 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如: Jane kept silent trying not to show her feelings. (6)作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有: Generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 roughly speaking 大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/by由.判断 Judging from her accent she must come from Australia. 3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。 (1)过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如: Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond. Seen from the hill the city looks magnificent. (2)作原因状语，常置于句首。如: Infected with the H1N1the little boy was separated from the other children (3)作条件状语。如: United, we stand; divided, we fall合则立，分则败。 (4)作伴随或方式状语。如: The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans. 二、不定式与动名词做宾语: 1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语: want,wish hope，expect，ask，afford, agree,choose, pretend,decide,happen,learn offer,refuse，fail，plan，prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。如: He agreed to get someone to help us. They promised not to break the school rules again 有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用: 决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事, 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 想要干: want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，desire, swear,claim,would like/love 早打算: plan，intend，prepare，mean，arrange 同意否: agree，promise，undertake，offer，choose，refuse，afford 问问看:ask(asktodo要求做)，beg 决定了:decide，determine，be determined,make up one’s mind 尽力干:try，manage(反义词fail)，attempt，struggle，strive 不愿等:beunwilling，(cant)wait 别装蒜:pretend *说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。 2在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语: admit, advise,allow, avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish ,give up, imagine include, keep, keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand ,insist on, be busy, be worth,feel like,can’t stand, be/get/become used to,be equal to,devote…to,get down to,look forward to,object to, stick to. take to, see to,lead to,pay attention to等。 考虑建议盼望原谅consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon 承认推迟去设想admit，delay/put off/postpone,fancy 避免错过继续练avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice 否认完成去欣赏deny，finish，appreciate 禁止想象去冒险forbid，imagine，risk 不禁介意准逃亡can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape 难以忍受始反对can’t stand，set about，object to 想要成功坚持忙 feel like，succeed in，stick to/insist on，be busy/occupied(in).. 习惯放弃有困难 be used/accustomed to，give up,have difficulty /trouble (in)... 导致专心防道歉lead to，be devoted to，prevent/stop/keep…from,apologize(to sb.) for...喜欢花费忍不住enjoy，spend(time/money)…can’t help 介词+doing: be good/expert at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 put off doing sth.推迟做某事 stop sb.from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 without doing sth.没有做某事 think about doing sth.考虑做某事 What/How about doing 做某事怎么样? look forward to doing sth(盼望) pay attention to doing sth.(注意) be used to doing sth.(习惯于) prefer doing sth to doing sth (更喜欢) devote oneself to doing sth(致力于) make a contribution to doing sth(做贡献) 注意:既可以接to do 也可以接doing 但区别很大的情况: 口诀: 一记remember二忘forget三遗憾regret 四试try 五图 mean 六停止stop，还有can’thelp 和go on remember/ forget (to do) 要做 (doing)做过 stop, go on(to do)两件事(doing)一件事 try to do尽力做 try doing 尝试做 like/hate/love to do一次性 like/hate/love doing长期 Mean todo 打算做什么，企图做什么 mean doing 意味着 can't help to do不能帮忙做什么 can' thelp doing 情不自禁做什么 如: They stop to smoke. 他们停下来吸烟。 I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。 Although maths is difficult，I will try to study it.(try to do sth尽力做某事) The machine couldn’t work.Let’s try repairing it.(try doing sth.试着做某事) 三、不定式与动名词做主语: (1)动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如: ·Climbing mountains is great fun·To visit China is my next goal (2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如 ·It took me only five minutes to finish the job (4) 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中: It's use/ good /fun doing.…. It's useful/nice/ useless doing.…. 四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语 1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如: My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins. 2若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如: My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。 但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如: The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news. 五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语 1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:· The train to arrive is from London. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 2.名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如: a washing machine(动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing)洗衣机· a reading room(动名词做定语，=a room which is used for reading)阅览室 3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定 语多置于被修饰词的后面。如: the rising sun(现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising)正在升起的太阳 the changing world(现在分词做定语，=the world which is changing)变化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音(形容词性分词作定语) A broken cup一个破了的杯子(过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成) 六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语 1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀: 请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议; 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。 ask/beg sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 order/command sb to do sth.命令某人做某事 forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 want sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事 expect sb to do sth. 期待某人做某 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事 promise sb.to do sth 答应某人做某事warn sb to do sth告诫某人做某事 allow/permit sb.to do sth允许某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 mean/intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 teach/train sb to sth教/训练某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth说服某人去做某事 force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事 drive sb to do sth.驱使某人做某事 2动和使役动词，如see，watch, hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to，let，have，make，keep，get等后常跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。(被动语态中不能省去 to)。如: We noticed him enter the house. The boss made them work twelve hours a day省略to的情况: ①使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看 feel/hear,listen to/let，make，have/look at，see，watch,notice had better(not) do sth.最好(不)做…… Why not/Why don't you do sth.为什么不做……? help sb.(to) do sth. would rather do sth.宁愿做…… would you please do sth. ②情态动词/ 助动词+do 3.现在分词做补足语分两种情况: (1)形容词性质的现在分词作补足语。如: I find the book very interesting我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语) The boy is found very annoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。(主语补足语) (2)动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see，watch，hear，feel, notice,observe,look at,listen to,let，have make，keep，get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。如: I see him passing by a bank 我看见他正经过一家银行。(宾语补足语) He was seen working in the garden有人看见他正在花园里干活。(主语补足语) (3)感官动词 see,watch,look at notice,hear listen to,feel+do表示动作的完整性;+doing表示动作的进行性。 4.过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。 (1)若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成(即先于谓语 动词)。 (2)若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。 (3)句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。 The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese?(宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.(主补) Part two考点剖析 考点一：非谓语动词作状语 1．Many e-commerce platforms play a great role in promoting employment, ________services from stock support to interest-free loans A．offering B．to offer C．offered D．having offered 2．Have you ever waited for your bus for a very long time, _____ by two or more buses arriving together? A．only to greet B．only greeted C．only to be greeted D．only greeting 3．________ (real) that they had lagged behind, Tom and Harry started to quicken their pace.（所给词的正确形式填空） 4．She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．（所给词的正确形式填空） 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语 1．The girl devoted all her spare time she had ______ others. A．to help B．helped C．to helping D．help 2．The salesgirl pretended not to hear me and went on _______(闲谈) with a lady in blue．（根据汉语意思填空） 考点三：非谓语动词作定语 1．If the project______before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be made fully responsible for the financial losses. A．being completed B．completed C．to be completed D．completing 2．Guizhou Province, _____ by Lonely Planet among the top 10 regions to visit in 2020, has become a promising travel destination. A．ranked B．being ranked C．having ranked D．to be ranked 3．The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze down the valley. A．playing B．to play C．played D．having played 考点四：非谓语动词作宾补 1. Eager readers can check with libraries ______________ if they have people interested in book discussion. A．seeing B．see C．to see D．to have seen 2．We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______. A．to be settled B．to settle C．settled D．having settled 3．With a large amount of work _________for this fierce speech contest, the students have been staying up these days to make full preparations for it. A．remaining to be finished B．remained finished C．remained being done D．remaining to finish 考点五：非谓语动词作主语和表语 1. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled2. _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A．Known B．Having known C．Knowing D．Being known Part three基础必刷100题 一、语法填空 1． (judge) from what he said, the judge must have ignored the facts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．I’m writing to (apology) to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing with you next weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．She insisted that she should be kept (inform). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5． (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Don’t hesitate (tell) your parents how you love and miss them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7． (see) quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Weather (permit), we plan to organize a picnic in the park this weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．This item is the perfect example of (combine) art and science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．I want to buy some English story books for children. (design) (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house . (repair) (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The pianist (surround) by a crowd of fans will hold a concert in the Workers’ Stadium. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The information (gather) from wide varieties of resources was completely useless. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．Surprised to see such a poorly (dress) boy selling flowers, people would buy one or two. （所给词的适当形式填空） 15．The parents called the boy on his birthday, (set) off an attack of homesickness. （所给词的适当形式填空） 16．With the locals explaining the customs in detail, we had no difficulty (figure) out the hidden spirit of the festival. （所给词的适当形式填空） 17． (push) her career further, Jia Ling, a well-known film director and actress, offered to her fans another masterpiece, YOLO, short for “You Only Live Once”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．However, after learning for about six months, I was asked to perform something at the year-end concert (arrange) by my teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．On this day, the moon is said its biggest and brightest. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival, (feature) a parade, was celebrated during the spring time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21． (equip) with some food and drinks, the boys set sail early. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．Bencheley saw sharks (kill) and this caused a deep change in him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．Today I have been photographing a crocodile (swim)close to our boat all day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．Li Na, the first (achieve) a ranking of world No.2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25． (move) by the story, he decided to study harder. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．These regions have each developed their own characteristics (base) on traditional kite-making craftsmanship (手艺). (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．He spoke slowly to make himself (understand). (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm? (所给词的适当形式填空) 29． (solve) this problem, they immediately discovered another one and got down to it without a break. （所给词的适当形式填空） 30．When you see it from a far, the bridge looks like a rainbow (hang) over the river. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．Nowadays （掌握）a foreign language is necessary. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 32．He has just written a book, nicely (illustrate) and not too technical. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million square kilometers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34．There was nobody (punish) here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．Judy had her eyes (fix) on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 36．Listen! There must be someone (walk) through the jungle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only (inform) that what he discovered was a new land. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．The retired presidents of South Korea will always find themselves (charge) with diverse crimes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39．Teenagers (glue) to their smartphones tend to have bad academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．He had his eyes (fix) on this masterpiece in the art gallery. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41． (surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．Hannah travels the world giving presentations, getting more people (involve) in the conservation of ocean life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services (provide) by electronic commerce. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．She held her son tightly into her arms, with tears (stream) down her cheeks.(所给词的适当形式填空) 45． (aim) at raising students’ awareness of exercise and health, an activity, Sports and Fitness Week, was organized in our school last week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．New words (explain), the text became easier for us to learn. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47．If caught (sleep) in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48．The spring sports meet, (involve) as many students as possible in a wide range of games, kicked off last month, which met with the deafening applause and cheers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resource. All you have to do is (drill) (钻孔) deep enough and you will find hot rock. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50．The Little Prince, (intend) for kids, has appealed to people of different ages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51．After briefly (refer) to his notes, he gave us a vivid description of his experience. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52．We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you (update) on the storm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53．London is an ancient port city that has a history (date) all the way back to Roman times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54． (see) the tennis star (leave) the court, the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over to him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55．Unfortunately his father died, the family even worse off.(leave) (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、单词拼写 56．She tries not to use her phone when she studies, but it’s hard to (忽视). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 57．After (任命) as manager of the company, Tom spared no effor to improve commercial profits. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 58．I am writing to ask some information about the meeting because I have something uncertain to (确认). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 59．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (在……中变化) from butterflies to elephants. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 60．The earthquake struck the city at midnight, (夺去生命) thousands of lives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 61．With summer (接近，靠近), these are plenty of low-cost way to have fun on a date, both indoors and out. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 62．He says that (戒掉；停止) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 63．“Once (咬), twice shy” means that you are frightened to do something again because you had an unpleasant experience doing it the first time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 64．She turned her head, (回应) to his apology with a smile. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 65．He sent her off an email (宣告) his immediate return to Queenstown. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 66．Her finger tightened on the trigger as she heard footsteps (接近). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 67． (判断) from his shocked look, he must have come across some difficulties beyond his expectation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 68．I like the house (围绕) by trees and flowers. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 69．The village is made up of 30 families (属于) to five nationalities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 70．We must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to (平衡) the nature. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 71．To win any more basketball games, you need to work together, which means communicating with each other clearly and conflicts. (根据句意填空) 72．The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. (扫视) at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 73． (任命) to be manager of the company, the young man felt excited. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 三、完成句子 74．You can also go over the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to (从中获益) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 75．I was really grateful to my colleagues for (帮助我度过难关) difficulties. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 76．Tuyouyou is the first chinese female scientist (被授予诺贝尔奖). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 77．There is Chinese food to (迎合每个人的口味) with traditional dishes from all over China. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 78．My teacher (假装已经知道) everything but said nothing about it. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 79．Now she (觉得练习说英语很有趣) and enjoys it when she can speak fluent English. (find+it+形容词+to do) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 80．During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organized food bases (为……做准备) their journeys the next year. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 81．He feels it was a duty (为正义和独立自主而斗争). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 82．The four countries (属于) the United Kingdom work together in some areas. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 83．The government is trying to (增强人们的意识) about environmental protection. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 84．If you have any questions, please (毫不犹豫地联系我们). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 85．The book   (属于) him is on the desk. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 86．The temple, (追溯到) Tang Dynasty, is protected well. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 87．Our national hero Yue Fei promised to (投身于保卫) the country at a young age. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 88．Nothing can make us (背弃) peace and love. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 89． (基于…) a true story, the film was quite a hit and soon led to a heated discussion. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 90．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses (利用) the celebrations. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 91．Hearing that you have trouble (适应) life in the new campus, I am concerned about you. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 92．It is surprising that it has taken people so long to （利用）what is a win-win opportunity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 93．I plan (利用) this trip to Ningde to know its development. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 94．Let me introduce an interesting history about the UK’s national flag, often (被称作) the Union Jack. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 95．During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to (欣赏明月) and enjoy delicious mooncakes. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 96．Efforts should be made to (提高公众意识) the great harm of school bullying. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 97．JustDance is a website (属于) all dance lovers. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 98．Our teacher makes humorous remarks in class, (注入活力) our class. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 99．Some people think it (值得去跟踪) their spending throughout the year and they will know exactly where their money has gone. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 100．The company has no choice but to (削减，缩减)on stuff at the moment.（根据汉语提示完成句子） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 10必修第三册重要语法突破讲义 非谓语动词 目录 1 非谓语动词基础知识 2 非谓语动词考点剖析 3 非谓语动词基础必刷题 Part one基础知识 1、定义： 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。 非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前直接加not。 2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式： 单谓语或动词短语： He works. He takes care of the baby. 情态动词/ 助动词+ v.： He will go to Shanghai. He didn’t go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. 系动词+表语： You are students. You look smart. 3、非谓语动词使用的条件： 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。如： She had water delivered to her house. We noticed him enter the building. 4、非谓语动词的形式： 1）to do 不定式 2）V-ing： ①作为一个名词使用，称为动名词； ②作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词； 3） V-ed 过去分词 一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 1.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。 (1)不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如: She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。 (2)不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如: To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself· In order to keep warm we shut all the windows. (3)不定式表结果，常用在too…to; enough….to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。如: The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife never to return. (4)有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如: I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truth To cut a long story short we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。 2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。 (1)现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如: Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. (2)作原因状语。如: Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning. (3)作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如: The fire lasted a whole night causing great damage. (4)作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如. Following Tom, we started to climb. She came riding a brand-new bike. (3) 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如: Jane kept silent trying not to show her feelings. (6)作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有: Generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 roughly speaking 大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/by由.判断 Judging from her accent she must come from Australia. 3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。 (1)过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如: Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond. Seen from the hill the city looks magnificent. (2)作原因状语，常置于句首。如: Infected with the H1N1the little boy was separated from the other children (3)作条件状语。如: United, we stand; divided, we fall合则立，分则败。 (4)作伴随或方式状语。如: The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans. 二、不定式与动名词做宾语: 1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语: want,wish hope，expect，ask，afford, agree,choose, pretend,decide,happen,learn offer,refuse，fail，plan，prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。如: He agreed to get someone to help us. They promised not to break the school rules again 有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用: 决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事, 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 想要干: want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，desire, swear,claim,would like/love 早打算: plan，intend，prepare，mean，arrange 同意否: agree，promise，undertake，offer，choose，refuse，afford 问问看:ask(asktodo要求做)，beg 决定了:decide，determine，be determined,make up one’s mind 尽力干:try，manage(反义词fail)，attempt，struggle，strive 不愿等:beunwilling，(cant)wait 别装蒜:pretend *说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。 2在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语: admit, advise,allow, avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish ,give up, imagine include, keep, keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand ,insist on, be busy, be worth,feel like,can’t stand, be/get/become used to,be equal to,devote…to,get down to,look forward to,object to, stick to. take to, see to,lead to,pay attention to等。 考虑建议盼望原谅consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon 承认推迟去设想admit，delay/put off/postpone,fancy 避免错过继续练avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice 否认完成去欣赏deny，finish，appreciate 禁止想象去冒险forbid，imagine，risk 不禁介意准逃亡can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape 难以忍受始反对can’t stand，set about，object to 想要成功坚持忙 feel like，succeed in，stick to/insist on，be busy/occupied(in).. 习惯放弃有困难 be used/accustomed to，give up,have difficulty /trouble (in)... 导致专心防道歉lead to，be devoted to，prevent/stop/keep…from,apologize(to sb.) for...喜欢花费忍不住enjoy，spend(time/money)…can’t help 介词+doing: be good/expert at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 put off doing sth.推迟做某事 stop sb.from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 without doing sth.没有做某事 think about doing sth.考虑做某事 What/How about doing 做某事怎么样? look forward to doing sth(盼望) pay attention to doing sth.(注意) be used to doing sth.(习惯于) prefer doing sth to doing sth (更喜欢) devote oneself to doing sth(致力于) make a contribution to doing sth(做贡献) 注意:既可以接to do 也可以接doing 但区别很大的情况: 口诀: 一记remember二忘forget三遗憾regret 四试try 五图 mean 六停止stop，还有can’thelp 和go on remember/ forget (to do) 要做 (doing)做过 stop, go on(to do)两件事(doing)一件事 try to do尽力做 try doing 尝试做 like/hate/love to do一次性 like/hate/love doing长期 Mean todo 打算做什么，企图做什么 mean doing 意味着 can't help to do不能帮忙做什么 can' thelp doing 情不自禁做什么 如: They stop to smoke. 他们停下来吸烟。 I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。 Although maths is difficult，I will try to study it.(try to do sth尽力做某事) The machine couldn’t work.Let’s try repairing it.(try doing sth.试着做某事) 三、不定式与动名词做主语: (1)动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如: ·Climbing mountains is great fun·To visit China is my next goal (2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如 ·It took me only five minutes to finish the job (4) 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中: It's use/ good /fun doing.…. It's useful/nice/ useless doing.…. 四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语 1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如: My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins. 2若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如: My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。 但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如: The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news. 五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语 1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:· The train to arrive is from London. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 2.名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如: a washing machine(动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing)洗衣机· a reading room(动名词做定语，=a room which is used for reading)阅览室 3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定 语多置于被修饰词的后面。如: the rising sun(现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising)正在升起的太阳 the changing world(现在分词做定语，=the world which is changing)变化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音(形容词性分词作定语) A broken cup一个破了的杯子(过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成) 六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语 1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀: 请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议; 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。 ask/beg sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 order/command sb to do sth.命令某人做某事 forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 want sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事 expect sb to do sth. 期待某人做某 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事 promise sb.to do sth 答应某人做某事warn sb to do sth告诫某人做某事 allow/permit sb.to do sth允许某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 mean/intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 teach/train sb to sth教/训练某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth说服某人去做某事 force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事 drive sb to do sth.驱使某人做某事 2动和使役动词，如see，watch, hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to，let，have，make，keep，get等后常跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。(被动语态中不能省去 to)。如: We noticed him enter the house. The boss made them work twelve hours a day省略to的情况: ①使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看 feel/hear,listen to/let，make，have/look at，see，watch,notice had better(not) do sth.最好(不)做…… Why not/Why don't you do sth.为什么不做……? help sb.(to) do sth. would rather do sth.宁愿做…… would you please do sth. ②情态动词/ 助动词+do 3.现在分词做补足语分两种情况: (1)形容词性质的现在分词作补足语。如: I find the book very interesting我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语) The boy is found very annoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。(主语补足语) (2)动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see，watch，hear，feel, notice,observe,look at,listen to,let，have make，keep，get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。如: I see him passing by a bank 我看见他正经过一家银行。(宾语补足语) He was seen working in the garden有人看见他正在花园里干活。(主语补足语) (3)感官动词 see,watch,look at notice,hear listen to,feel+do表示动作的完整性;+doing表示动作的进行性。 4.过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。 (1)若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成(即先于谓语 动词)。 (2)若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。 (3)句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。 The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese?(宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.(主补) Part two考点剖析 考点一：非谓语动词作状语 1．Many e-commerce platforms play a great role in promoting employment, ________services from stock support to interest-free loans A．offering B．to offer C．offered D．having offered 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多电子商务平台在促进就业、提供从股票支持到无息贷款等服务方面发挥着重要作用。本句已有谓语动词play a great role in promoting…，而offer与谓语之间并无并列关系，因此offer为非谓语，且offer与主语之间为主动关系（许多商务平台提供服务），应使用offering在句中充当伴随状语。故选A。 2．Have you ever waited for your bus for a very long time, _____ by two or more buses arriving together? A．only to greet B．only greeted C．only to be greeted D．only greeting 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你是否曾经等了很长时间的车，结果却是两辆或更多的车同时来接你?。only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果，且主语you与greet在逻辑上是被动关系。故选C项。 3．________ (real) that they had lagged behind, Tom and Harry started to quicken their pace.（所给词的正确形式填空） 【答案】Having realized 【解析】考查非谓语的时态。句意：意识到他们已经落后了，汤姆和哈利开始加快他们的步伐。分析句子结构可知，前半句为非谓语作状语，主句主语与动词realize间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词形式；又分析句意可知，“意识”的动作先于加快步伐之前发生，所以应该使用非谓语动词的完成形式，故填having realized。 4．She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．（所给词的正确形式填空） 【答案】to please 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她真希望他能像她母亲那样容易取悦，她母亲总是喜欢香水。“be+形容词+ to do”, 表示“做某事是……的”。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to please。 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语 1．The girl devoted all her spare time she had ______ others. A．to help B．helped C．to helping D．help 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩把她所有的业余时间都用于帮助别人。本句的主语是the girl ，谓语动词是devoted，宾语是all her spare time ,而she had是her spare time 的定语从句。根据语境是说女孩把所有的业余时间用于帮助别人，句中的“devote ...to...”为固定搭配，意为“把......献给......”，这里的to是介词，后面要跟动词ing或名词，故选C 2．The salesgirl pretended not to hear me and went on _______(闲谈) with a lady in blue．（根据汉语意思填空） 【答案】chatting 【解析】考查动名词。这个女售货员假装没有听到我，继续和一个穿蓝衣服的女士聊天。go on doing sth表示“继续做某事”，符合句意。故填chatting。 考点三：非谓语动词作定语 1．If the project______before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be made fully responsible for the financial losses. A．being completed B．completed C．to be completed D．completing 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果这个月底预计完工的大楼建设的工期被拖延的话，建筑公司将对经济损失负全部责任。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是is delayed，故complete用非谓语动词形式作定语，由时间状语by the end of this month可知，complete是将来的动作，且与先行词project是被动关系，故应该用不定式的被动式作定语。故选C。 2．Guizhou Province, _____ by Lonely Planet among the top 10 regions to visit in 2020, has become a promising travel destination. A．ranked B．being ranked C．having ranked D．to be ranked 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：贵州省被《孤独星球》评为2020年十大旅游目的地之一，成为一个很有前途的旅游目的地。rank与Guizhou Province在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。 故选A项。 3．The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze down the valley. A．playing B．to play C．played D．having played 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：银色的月亮高高挂在头上，风吹过山谷。分析句子结构可知，and后的句子是there was句型，谓语动词是was，play在句中做定语，修饰breeze，与逻辑主语breeze构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故选A。 考点四：非谓语动词作宾补 1. Eager readers can check with libraries ______________ if they have people interested in book discussion. A．seeing B．see C．to see D．to have seen 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热心的读者可以向图书馆查询，看看是否有人对图书讨论感兴趣。根据语境可知，此处是目的状语，且表示将来的动作，应使用不定式的一般式。故选C。 2．We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______. A．to be settled B．to settle C．settled D．having settled 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。根据句意可知，这些问题是等待解决的，故用不定式作宾语补足语，不定式表示未发生的动作；problems与settle之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选A。 3．With a large amount of work _________for this fierce speech contest, the students have been staying up these days to make full preparations for it. A．remaining to be finished B．remained finished C．remained being done D．remaining to finish 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于这场激烈的演讲比赛还有大量的工作要完成，学生们这些天一直在熬夜为比赛做充分的准备。with sth remaining to be done“有事等待被做”；a large amount of work与remain构成主动关系，remain为不及物动词。 考点五：非谓语动词作主语和表语 1. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 2. _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A．Known B．Having known C．Knowing D．Being known 【答案】C 【解析】考查动名词。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以帮助您快速应对紧急情况。分析句子成分，谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语，故选C项。 Part three基础必刷100题 一、语法填空 1． (judge) from what he said, the judge must have ignored the facts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他所说的来判断，这位法官一定是忽略了事实。judging from 为固定用法，意为“根据……判断”，在句中作状语，在这个句子中，“from what he said(从他所说的来……)”是一个非谓语动词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是隐含的说话者或作者，即Judge这个行为是由说话者或作者发出的，而不是由the judge发出的。这个短语清楚地描述了说话者或作者对于the judge的行为的判断或推理是基于“what he said(他说的话)”的，空白处应使用现在分词，故填 Judging。 2．I’m writing to (apology) to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing with you next weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】apologize 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我写信是为了就下周末不能和你一起去北京参观向你道歉。此处应用动词原形apologize构成不定式短语作目的状语，apologize to sb. for sth为固定短语，表示“因某事向某人道歉”，符合句意。故填apologize。 3．She insisted that she should be kept (inform). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】informed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她坚持要求自己被告知情况。 这个句子考查的是keep sb. informed这个句型的变式，意思是“保持某人被告知某事”，主语she与所给词inform之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式informed作主语补足语，故答案是informed。 4．As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】making/having made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个男人，你应该有承认错误的勇气。admit doing/having done意为：承认做（过）某事，空处用动名词或者动名词的完成式形式作宾语，动名词的完成式强调“犯错误”这件事发生在“承认”之前。故填making/having made。 5． (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：诗人专心写诗，没有意识到黑夜已经来临。didn’t realize为谓语，逗号后面没有连词，空处为非谓语动词，the poet与absorb构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 6．Don’t hesitate (tell) your parents how you love and miss them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to tell 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要犹豫，告诉你的父母你是多么爱他们，多么想念他们。根据谓语动词“hesitate”可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式，作宾语；动词短语hesitate to do sth表示“犹豫做某事”，符合句意。故填to tell。 7． (see) quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having seen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看过不少哈姆雷特的作品后，我充满了信心——直到京剧来到城里。本句的谓语是was，所以空处应用非谓语动词。see和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，且表示的动作发生在was之前，所以应用现在分词的完成式，作状语。故填Having seen。 8．Weather (permit), we plan to organize a picnic in the park this weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】permitting 【详解】考查独立主格结构、非谓语动词。句意：如果天气允许，我们计划这个周末在公园里组织一次野餐。此处为独立主格结构，动词permit和其逻辑主语Weather之间是主动关系，用其现在分词。故填permitting。 9．This item is the perfect example of (combine) art and science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】combined 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这件物品是艺术与科学结合的完美例子。动词combine意为“结合”，和系动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语art and science构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填combined。 10．I want to buy some English story books for children. (design) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想买一些为孩子们设计的英语故事书。本句谓语为want，此处为非谓语动词，且books与design“设计”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语，修饰名词books。故填designed。 11．Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house . (repair) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】repaired 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在飓风来临之前，这家人把房子的门窗都修好了。分析句子可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。宾语the doors and windows与动词repair是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填repaired。 12．The pianist (surround) by a crowd of fans will hold a concert in the Workers’ Stadium. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被一群乐迷包围的钢琴家将在工人体育场举行音乐会。句子中的谓语为will hold，空处修饰The pianist作后置定语，pianist与surround构成被动关系，用过去分词。故填surrounded。 13．The information (gather) from wide varieties of resources was completely useless. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】gathered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从各种各样的资源中收集的信息是完全无用的。本句系动词为was，此处为非谓语动词，且information与gather“收集”为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词形式，作定语。故填gathered。 14．Surprised to see such a poorly (dress) boy selling flowers, people would buy one or two. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这样一个穿着不得体的男孩卖花，人们会惊讶地买一两朵。本句谓语为would buy，此处为非谓语动词，且boy与dress“给（某人）穿衣服”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填dressed。 15．The parents called the boy on his birthday, (set) off an attack of homesickness. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】setting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父母在男孩生日那天打电话给他，这引起了他的思乡之情。set作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果用现在分词形式，故填setting。 16．With the locals explaining the customs in detail, we had no difficulty (figure) out the hidden spirit of the festival. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】figuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有了当地人对习俗的详细解释，我们不难理解这个节日隐藏的精神。have no difficulty doing sth“做某事没有困难”，故填figuring。 17． (push) her career further, Jia Ling, a well-known film director and actress, offered to her fans another masterpiece, YOLO, short for “You Only Live Once”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To push 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步推动她的职业生涯，知名电影导演兼演员贾玲向粉丝们呈现了另一部力作《YOLO》，该缩写代表“你只活一次”。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作目的状语。故填To push。 18．However, after learning for about six months, I was asked to perform something at the year-end concert (arrange) by my teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】arranged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在学习了大约六个月后，我被要求在老师筹备在年终音乐会上表演一些东西。“(arrange) by my teacher”作后置定语，arrange(筹备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语concert之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填arranged。 19．On this day, the moon is said its biggest and brightest. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一天，月亮据说是最大最亮的。根据句意及所给句子可知，表示“据说某事物可以做”，应用固定句型sth. is said to do，应用动词不定式，作主语补足语。故填to be。 20．In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival, (feature) a parade, was celebrated during the spring time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在古埃及，以游行为特色的丰收节是在春季庆祝的。分析可知，句中已有谓语was celebrated，逻辑主语the harvest festival与feature之间为主动关系，空处应为现在分词形式作后置定语，故填featuring。 21． (equip) with some food and drinks, the boys set sail early. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩子们带着一些食物和饮料，早早地启航了。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词；动词equip与the boys之间为动宾关系，所以需要使用过去分词表示被动。故填Equipped。 22．Bencheley saw sharks (kill) and this caused a deep change in him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being killed 【详解】考查现在分词被动式。句意：Bencheley看到鲨鱼被杀，这让他发生了深刻的变化。宾语sharks和非谓语动词kill是被动关系，且kill表示正在进行的动作，kill用现在分词被动式作宾补。故填being killed。 23．Today I have been photographing a crocodile (swim)close to our boat all day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】swimming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天一整天我都在拍摄一条靠近我们船游泳的鳄鱼。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作后置定语。该动词和修饰的名词之间存在主动关系，且表示正在进行动作，所以用现在分词作定语。故填swimming。 24．Li Na, the first (achieve) a ranking of world No.2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to achieve 【详解】考查不定式。句意：李娜是第一位在亚洲达到世界第二排名的选手，她于9月从网球界退役。the first to do sth为固定短语，表示“第一个作……的人”，空处应为不定式作定语，故填to achieve。 25． (move) by the story, he decided to study harder. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Moved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被这个故事感动了，他决定更加努力地学习。分析可知，move与其逻辑主语he与之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应为过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Moved。 26．These regions have each developed their own characteristics (base) on traditional kite-making craftsmanship (手艺). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些地区都在传统风筝制作工艺的基础上发展出了自己的特色。本句谓语为have developed，此处为非谓语动词，且characteristics与base... on“以……为根据”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填based。 27．He spoke slowly to make himself (understand). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】understood 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他慢慢地说，以使人理解他自己。动词make后接复合宾语，动词understand和宾语himself之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作补足语，make oneself understood是固定句式。故填understood。 28．Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？名词responsibility后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to keep。 29． (solve) this problem, they immediately discovered another one and got down to it without a break. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Having solved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：解决了这个问题之后，他们立刻发现了另一个问题，并立即着手解决，中间没有休息。根据这句话的意思是可知，非谓语动词solve和逻辑主语they是主动关系，且solve发生在谓语discovered之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having solved。 30．When you see it from a far, the bridge looks like a rainbow (hang) over the river. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hanging 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：当你从远处看它时，这座桥看起来像一条悬挂在河上的彩虹。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，hang与所修饰词rainbow之间为主动关系，且表示动作在进行，所以使用现在分词形式。故填hanging。 31．Nowadays （掌握）a foreign language is necessary. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】mastering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今掌握一门外语是有必要的。根据汉语意思可知，此处需要填入“掌握”；master意为“掌握”。分析句子结构可知，用动名词作主语。故填mastering。 32．He has just written a book, nicely (illustrate) and not too technical. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】illustrated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。他刚写完一本书，插图精美，专业性也不是太强。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，a book与illustrate“图解，加插图”逻辑上为被动关系，用过去分词作非限制性定语。故填illustrated。 33．China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million square kilometers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】covering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是世界上最大的国家之一，占地960万平方公里。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且China与cover“覆盖”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填covering。 34．There was nobody (punish) here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】punished 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这里没有人受到惩罚。逻辑主语nobody和非谓语动词punish是被动关系，punish用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填punished。 35．Judy had her eyes (fix) on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】fixed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：朱迪目不转睛地盯着梵高的《向日葵》。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，因eyes和动词fix逻辑上为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填fixed。 36．Listen! There must be someone (walk) through the jungle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：听！一定有人穿过丛林。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语someone与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填walking。 37．Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only (inform) that what he discovered was a new land. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be informed 【详解】考查不定式。句意：克里斯托弗·哥伦布（Christopher Columbus）在史诗般的航行中发现了他所认为的印度，却被告知他发现的是一片新大陆。only后跟动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，he与inform之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填to be informed。 38．The retired presidents of South Korea will always find themselves (charge) with diverse crimes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】charged 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：退休的韩国总统总是会发现自己被指控多项罪行。分析句子结构可知，此空所在的部分为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此空为非谓语动词作宾补，charge与宾语themselves之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填charged。 39．Teenagers (glue) to their smartphones tend to have bad academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】glued 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：沉迷于智能手机的青少年往往学习成绩不佳。分析句子结构可知，此空为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词teenagers，glue与名词teenagers之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，be glued to意为“沉迷于”。故填glued。 40．He had his eyes (fix) on this masterpiece in the art gallery. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】fixed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他目不转睛地注视着美术馆里的这幅杰作。fix“使（目光、注意力或思想）集中于”作使役动词had后宾语his eyes的补足语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语his eyes之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填fixed。 41． (surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周围都是积极的、令人钦佩的人，这会让你树立积极的价值观。本句谓语为will result，此处为非谓语动词，用surround“围住，围绕，喜欢结交（某类人）”的动名词，作主语。故填Surrounding。 42．Hannah travels the world giving presentations, getting more people (involve) in the conservation of ocean life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】involved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：汉娜周游世界做演讲，让更多的人参与到海洋生物的保护中来。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语more people与动词involve“使参加”构成逻辑上的被动关系，应填过去分词。故填involved。 43．The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services (provide) by electronic commerce. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】provided 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：互联网通过电子商务为我们提供了各种商品和服务，极大地方便了我们的生活。分析句子可知，横线所在句子符合“with+名词+done”的结构，因为各类商品和服务是被提供给我们的，故答案是provided。 44．She held her son tightly into her arms, with tears (stream) down her cheeks.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】streaming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她紧紧地把儿子抱在怀里，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。分析句子可知，此处考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，stream用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，stream与逻辑主语tears是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填streaming。 45． (aim) at raising students’ awareness of exercise and health, an activity, Sports and Fitness Week, was organized in our school last week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Aimed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：为了提高学生的运动和健康意识，上周我们学校组织了一次活动——体育健身周。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，根据be aimed at…意为“旨在做……”可知，aim与逻辑主语an activity之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，且位于句首，所以aimed的首字母需大写。故填Aimed。 46．New words (explain), the text became easier for us to learn. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】explained 【详解】考查独立主格结构以及过去分词表被动。句意：新词汇被解释后，文本对我们来说变得更容易学习了。两个分句之间没有连词，说明横线处应该填非谓语动词，“解释”的动作发生在主句动作之前，且动词explain与其逻辑主语new words之间构成动宾关系，因此使用过去分词explained，构成独立主格结构。故答案是explained。 47．If caught (sleep) in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sleeping 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：如果被发现在课堂上睡觉，作为惩罚，你将不得不打扫教室一个星期。分析句子结构可知，此空所在的句子为状语从句中的省略，省略了“you are”，此处应为catch sb. doing sth.意为“抓住某人正在做某事”，本句使用了被动结构If you are caught sleeping...，所以此处使用现在分词形式作主语补足语。故填sleeping。 48．The spring sports meet, (involve) as many students as possible in a wide range of games, kicked off last month, which met with the deafening applause and cheers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】involving 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：春季运动会在震耳欲聋的掌声和欢呼声中拉开帷幕，让尽可能多的学生参加了各种各样的比赛。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词；The spring sports meet与involve之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填involving。 49．Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resource. All you have to do is (drill) (钻孔) deep enough and you will find hot rock. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】drill 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地热能发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一，你所要做的就是钻到足够深的地方，你就会发现炙热的岩石。此句是“all+主语+have to do is+动词原形”结构，表示“某人所要做的就是……”，主语部分有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式省略to，is后接动词原形。故填drill。 50．The Little Prince, (intend) for kids, has appealed to people of different ages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】intended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：《小王子》是给孩子们看的，它吸引了不同年龄的人。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，所以空格处需要填入非谓语动词，intend与The Little Prince为动宾关系，所以需要使用过去分词，作定语。故填intended。 51．After briefly (refer) to his notes, he gave us a vivid description of his experience. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】referring 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他简略地看了一下笔记后，就给我们生动的描述了他的经历。After为介词，其后接动词时应用动名词形式，故填referring。 52．We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you (update) on the storm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】updated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。 53．London is an ancient port city that has a history (date) all the way back to Roman times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dating 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：伦敦是一座古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。分析句子结构可知，that引导的定语从句中有谓语has，设空处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰history，history与动词date构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此使用现在分词作后置定语，故填dating。 54． (see) the tennis star (leave) the court, the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over to him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 Seeing leaving 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：看到网球明星离开球场，女孩迅速拿起相机向他跑去。第一空，空处在句中作非谓语，动词see与句子主语the girl构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词的形式作状语，位于句首首字母大写；第二空，空处在句中作宾语补足语，动词leave与宾语the tennis star构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词的形式。故填①Seeing；②leaving。 55．Unfortunately his father died, the family even worse off.(leave) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】leaving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使家里的情况更加糟糕。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词died，这里使用非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语his father与leave之间为主动关系，因此使用leave的现在分词leaving形式，作伴随状语。故填leaving。 二、单词拼写 56．She tries not to use her phone when she studies, but it’s hard to (忽视). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】ignore 【详解】考查动词。句意：她在学习时尽量不使用手机，但这很难忽视。根据提示的汉语，表示“忽视”应为ignore，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填ignore。 57．After (任命) as manager of the company, Tom spared no effor to improve commercial profits. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】being appointed 【详解】考查动名词的被动语态。句意：汤姆被任命为公司经理后，不遗余力地提高商业利润。After为介词，空处用动名词作宾语，“任命”为appoint，Tom与appoint构成被动关系，用动名词的被动语态作宾语。故填being appointed。 58．I am writing to ask some information about the meeting because I have something uncertain to (确认). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】confirm 【详解】考查动词。句意：我写信询问有关会议的一些信息，因为我有一些不确定的事情需要确认。根据句意及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词confirm“确认”，动词不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故填confirm。 59．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (在……中变化) from butterflies to elephants. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园收藏了大量野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。表示“在……中变化”应用短语range from…to…。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词，a large collection of wildlife与动词range是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填ranging。 60．The earthquake struck the city at midnight, (夺去生命) thousands of lives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】claiming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地震在午夜袭击了这座城市，夺走了数千人的生命。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词，且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，夺去生命“claim”，主语the earthquake与claim之间为主动关系，此处使用现在分词作状语，故填claiming。 61．With summer (接近，靠近), these are plenty of low-cost way to have fun on a date, both indoors and out. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着夏天的临近，这里有很多低成本的约会方式，无论在室内还是室外都可以。根据汉语提示可知应用动词approach，且与summer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填approaching。 62．He says that (戒掉；停止) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。根据提示的汉语，表示“戒掉；停止”应为quit，分析句子结构可知，宾语从句的谓语为is，所以此处为非谓语动词短语作宾语从句的主语，结合句意可知，此处描述的是经常性发生的动作，所以使用动名词形式作主语。故填quitting。 63．“Once (咬), twice shy” means that you are frightened to do something again because you had an unpleasant experience doing it the first time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】bitten 【详解】考查动词。句意：“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”意思是你害怕再做某事，因为你第一次做这件事有不愉快的经历。根据汉语提示可知，bite“咬”，作非谓语动词，bite的逻辑主语是you，两者之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词，故填bitten。 64．She turned her head, (回应) to his apology with a smile. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】responding 【详解】考查动词。句意：她转过头来，微笑着回应他的道歉。根据汉语提示“回应”可知，此处使用动词respond，本句谓语为turned，此处为非谓语动词，且She与respond为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填responding。 65．He sent her off an email (宣告) his immediate return to Queenstown. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】announcing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他给她发了一封电子邮件，宣布他将立即返回皇后镇。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据提示的汉语，表示“宣告”应为announce，与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填announcing。 66．Her finger tightened on the trigger as she heard footsteps (接近). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查动词。句意：当她听到脚步声走近时，她的手指紧紧扣住了扳机。根据提示的汉语，表示“接近”应为approach，分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾补，footsteps与approach之间为主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填approaching。 67． (判断) from his shocked look, he must have come across some difficulties beyond his expectation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：从他震惊的表情来看，他一定遇到了意想不到的困难。根据提示的汉语，表示“判断”应为judge，分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词短语作状语，judging from为固定短语意为“从……来判断”，为悬垂分词，位于句首，所以judging的首字母需大写。故填Judging。 68．I like the house (围绕) by trees and flowers. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查动词和过去分词。句意：我喜欢这座被树木和鲜花包围的房子。表示“围绕”应用动词surround，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语house构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填surrounded。 69．The village is made up of 30 families (属于) to five nationalities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】belonging 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个村庄由五个民族的30个家庭组成。根据汉语提示“属于”可知，此处使用动词belong，本句谓语为is made up of，此处为非谓语动词，且30 families与belong为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填belonging。 70．We must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to (平衡) the nature. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】balance 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们必须改变荒野中的生命循环，以平衡大自然。根据提示的汉语，表示“平衡”应为balance，分析句子结构可知，此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故填balance。 71．To win any more basketball games, you need to work together, which means communicating with each other clearly and conflicts. (根据句意填空) 【答案】resolving 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了赢得更多的篮球比赛，你需要一起努力，这意味着要清楚地沟通和解决冲突。根据“communicating with each other clearly”和“conflicts”可推知，此处指清楚地沟通和“解决”冲突，动词resolve“解决（问题或困难）”符合题意，且空处和communicating并列，作means的宾语，resolve应用动名词形式。故填resolving。 72．The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. (扫视) at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】Glancing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接待她的店员不喜欢她的打扮。他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她衣服已经卖出去了。“扫视”用动词glance，作伴随状语，用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Glancing。 73． (任命) to be manager of the company, the young man felt excited. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】Appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词appoint，与逻辑主语the young man之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Appointed。 三、完成句子 74．You can also go over the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to (从中获益) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】benefit from it 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你也可以在同一时间复习知识，你肯定会从中受益。根据提示的汉语，表示“从……获益”应为benefit from，结合句意，此处指的是上文的“复习知识”，所以benefit from的宾语为it，位于不定式符号to之后，应为动词原形。故填benefit from it。 75．I was really grateful to my colleagues for (帮助我度过难关) difficulties. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 carrying me through 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我真的很感激我的同事们帮助我度过难关。动词短语“帮助某人度过难关”为“carry sb through”，宾语“我”为“me”，介词for后接动名词形式作宾语，故填①carrying，②me，③through。 76．Tuyouyou is the first chinese female scientist (被授予诺贝尔奖). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 to be awarded a Nobel Prize 【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。分析句子可知，表示“被授予诺贝尔奖”应用 to be awarded a Nobel Prize ，这里考查the first (person) to do 表“第一个做某事的人”，为固定搭配，其中不定式作后置定语，且the first chinese female scientist与 award为被动关系，所以这里应用不定式的被动语态。故填 to be awarded a Nobel Prize 。 77．There is Chinese food to (迎合每个人的口味) with traditional dishes from all over China. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 suit everyone’s taste 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：有适合每个人口味的中国菜，有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语suit everyone’s taste“迎合每个人的口味”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故分别填suit；everyone’s；taste。 78．My teacher (假装已经知道) everything but said nothing about it. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】pretended to have known 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：我的老师假装已经知道一切，但什么也没说。“假装做某事”应用动词短语pretend to do sth.，且结合“said”可知，此处应使用一般过去时，“知道”应用动词know，且此处表示动作已经发生，所以使用动词不定式的完成式。故填pretended to have known。 79．Now she (觉得练习说英语很有趣) and enjoys it when she can speak fluent English. (find+it+形容词+to do) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】finds it very interesting to practise speaking English 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：现在她觉得练习说英语很有趣，当她能说一口流利的英语时，她很享受。此处应用“find+it+形容词+to do”表示“觉得做某事……”，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语，结合“enjoys”可知，find使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式；表示“很有趣”应用very interesting；表示“练习做某事”应用practise doing sth.；表示“说英语”应用speak English。故填finds it very interesting to practise speaking English。 80．During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organized food bases (为……做准备) their journeys the next year. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】in preparation for/to make preparations for/ to prepare for 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：在1910年至1911年的极地夏季，两支队伍都组织了食物基地，为明年的旅行做准备。根据所给中文提示词，此处可用介词短语in preparation for，也可用动词短语make preparations for或者prepare for，皆为“为……做准备”之意，用动词短语时，需注意，本句已有谓语动词organized，所以动词短语需用不定式，作目的状语。故填in preparation for或者to make preparations for或者to prepare for。 81．He feels it was a duty (为正义和独立自主而斗争). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to fight for justice and independence 【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。句意：他觉得为正义和独立而战是一种责任。“为……而斗争”是固定短语fight for，“正义”是justice，“独立自主”是independence，都是不可数名词，“和”是and，it形式主语，不定式作真正主语，因此空格处是to fight for justice and independence。故填to fight for justice and independence。 82．The four countries (属于) the United Kingdom work together in some areas. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】belonging to 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这四个属于联合王国的国家在某些领域合作。belong to“属于”，和The four countries之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填belonging to。 83．The government is trying to (增强人们的意识) about environmental protection. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】raise public awareness 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：政府正努力提高公众的环保意识。根据汉语提示可知，“增强人们的意识”译为raise public awareness，try to do sth. (努力去做某事)，空处动词原形形式，故填raise public awareness。 84．If you have any questions, please (毫不犹豫地联系我们). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】don’t hesitate to contact us/do not hesitate to contact us 【详解】考查祈使句和动词。句意：如果您有任何问题，请不要犹豫地联系我们。根据提示的汉语，表示“毫不犹豫地做某事”应为don’t hesitate to do sth.或者do not hesitate to contact us，表示“联系”应为contact，表示“我们”应为us作contact的宾语。分析句子结构可知，该句为祈使句的否定形式。故填don’t hesitate to contact us/do not hesitate to contact us。 85．The book   (属于) him is on the desk. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】belonging to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：属于他的书在桌子上。“属于”译为belong to，is为be动词，空处为非谓语作定语，为不及物动词短语，用现在分词形式。故填belonging to。 86．The temple, (追溯到) Tang Dynasty, is protected well. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】dating from/dating back to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：这座建于唐代的寺庙保护得很好。分析句子可知，is为be动词，空处用非谓语动词作定语修饰temple，“追溯到”用date from/date back to，不及物动词短语无被动，常用现在分词，不用过去分词，尽管含义上是被动，但是却用主动来表达。故填dating from/dating back to。 87．Our national hero Yue Fei promised to (投身于保卫) the country at a young age. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】devote himself to defending/be devoted to defending 【详解】考查固定短语和动词。句意：我们的民族英雄岳飞从小就承诺投身于保卫国家。根据提示的汉语，表示“投身于”应为devote oneself to，主语为Yue Fei，所以反身代词应为himself，或者表示“投身于”应为“be devoted to”，表示“保卫”应为defend，devote oneself to以及be devoted to中的to为介词，所以其后应为动名词形式作宾语。故填devote himself to defending/be devoted to defending。 88．Nothing can make us (背弃) peace and love. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】turn our back on 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：没有什么能使我们背弃和平与爱。根据提示的汉语，表示“背弃”应为turn one’s back on，分析句子结构可知，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，turn one’s back on与宾语us之间为主动关系，所以使用动词原形，宾语为us，所以one’s应为our。故填turn our back on。 89． (基于…) a true story, the film was quite a hit and soon led to a heated discussion. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Based on 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部根据真实故事改编的电影大受欢迎，并很快引发了热烈的讨论。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用固定短语be based on“基于”，省略be动词，使用过去分词短语，作状语。故填Based on。 90．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses (利用) the celebrations. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】taking advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：节日变得越来越商业化，商家利用了庆祝活动。结合“the celebrations”可知，“利用”应用动词短语take advantage of，且设空处为非谓语动词，作with的宾语补足语，和宾语businesses之间是主动关系，take应用现在分词的形式。故填taking advantage of。 91．Hearing that you have trouble (适应) life in the new campus, I am concerned about you. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】in adapting to/adapting to 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词。句意：听说你难以适应新校园的生活，我很担心你。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语adapt to“适应”，满足句意要求，结合空前have trouble可知，应为动词短语have trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，所以此处adapt为动名词形式。故填(in) adapting to。 92．It is surprising that it has taken people so long to （利用）what is a win-win opportunity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】take advantage of/make use of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：令人惊讶的是，人们花了这么长时间才利用这个双赢的机会。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语take advantage of/make use of“利用”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，后接动词原形。故填take advantage of/make use of。 93．I plan (利用) this trip to Ningde to know its development. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 to take advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我打算利用这次宁德之行，了解宁德的发展情况。“利用”用动词短语take advantage of表示，用原形构成不定式to take advantage of作宾语。故填to take advantage of。 94．Let me introduce an interesting history about the UK’s national flag, often (被称作) the Union Jack. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】referred to as 【详解】考查动词短语、非谓语动词。句意：让我介绍一下英国国旗的有趣历史，通常被称为英国国旗。根据提汉语提示可知，用固定短语refer to... as，本句谓语为Let，此处为非谓语动词，在句子中作后置定语，因与其逻辑主语 the UK’s national flag之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词。故填referred to as。 95．During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to (欣赏明月) and enjoy delicious mooncakes. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】admire the shining moon 【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。句意：在中国的中秋节，家人聚在一起赏月，享受美味的月饼。“欣赏”用动词admire，在不定式符号后用动词原形，“明月”作宾语，用the shining moon表示，其中形容词shining作定语，意为“发光的”。故填admire the shining moon。 96．Efforts should be made to (提高公众意识) the great harm of school bullying. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】raise public awareness of 【详解】考查动词不定式，形容词，名词，介词。句意：应该努力提高公众对校园欺凌的巨大危害的认识。表示“公共的”为public，“提高”为raise，“意识”为awareness；“提高……的意识”为raise the awareness of…。be made to do sth.，句中已经有动词不定式。故填raise public awareness of。 97．JustDance is a website (属于) all dance lovers. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】belonging to 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：JustDance是一个属于所有舞蹈爱好者的网站。根据提示的汉语，表示“属于”应为belong to，分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，belong to与所修饰词website之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填belonging to。 98．Our teacher makes humorous remarks in class, (注入活力) our class. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】breathing life into 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师在课堂上发表幽默的言论，给我们的课堂注入了活力。“注入活力”breathe life into...，分析句子可知，空处在句中作非谓语，动词breathe与句子主语Our teacher构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词的形式作状语。故填breathing life into。 99．Some people think it (值得去跟踪) their spending throughout the year and they will know exactly where their money has gone. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】worthwhile tracking 【详解】考查形容词以及动名词。句意：有些人认为值得全年跟踪他们的支出，他们会确切地知道自己的钱去了哪里。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作宾语补足语以及动名词作宾语。根据汉语提示，表示“值得的”应用形容词worthwhile作宾语补足语；表示“跟踪”应用动词track，此处it作形式宾语，应用动名词作宾语。故填worthwhile tracking。 100．The company has no choice but to (削减，缩减)on stuff at the moment.（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】cut back on 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：公司目前别无选择，只能削减开支。根据汉语提示可知短语为cut back on，且上文为短语have no choice but to do sth.。故填cut back on。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$