06必修第二册重要语法突破讲义（人教版2019）-2024年高一英语培优提升暑假作业

06必修第二册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 现在进行时态的被动语态 Part two 过去分词 第一部分：现在进行时态的被动语态 1．现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式 形式 结构 肯定形式 主语＋be(am，is，are)＋being＋done 否定形式 主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋being＋done 一般疑问式 be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done 2.现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义 (1)表示某事/某人此时此刻正在被……。 The criminal is being watched over by a policeman. 那名罪犯正由一名警察看守。 The bridge is being repaired. 这座桥正在被修复。 (2)表示某事/某人现阶段正在被……。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 这些天许多有趣的实验正在进行着。(说话时并不一定正在进行) (3)表示一种经常性的被动行为，常与always，constantly，frequently等词连用，表示赞赏(扬)、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken. 我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 (4)与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。 3．现在进行时的被动语态注意要点 (1)不可遗漏being。 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) The report is being written by one of the best students. 报告正由一名最优秀的学生写着呢。 The report is well written.(系表结构) 这个报告写得很好。 (2)现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如：hold，take等)。 A party is being held tonight. 今晚将要举行一场晚会。 (3)不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 这本书是他的。 [误]The book is being belonged to him. [正]The book belongs to him. (4)一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。 玛丽，过来，有你的电话。 [误]Mary，come here.You’re being wanted on the phone. [正]Mary，come here.You’re wanted on the phone. (5)“be＋under/in”等“介词＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 第二部分：过去分词 一、过去分词作定语 1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers浇过水的花 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. ＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别： (1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。 The question discussed was very important. 讨论过的那个问题很重要。 The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。 (2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 3．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别： 　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。 While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。 3．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 6．非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别： (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)： hear＋宾语＋ I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行) I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成) To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性) (2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较 make＋宾语＋ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。 I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies. 我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。 have＋宾语＋ Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。 He had us laughing all through the meal. 整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 get＋宾语＋ He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄信。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。 I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。 keep＋宾语＋ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。 She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。 (3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 with＋ WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly；whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody. 微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。 With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully. 由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。 三、过去分词作表语 1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。 I felt confused，even bored. 我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The book is well written.这本书写得好。 The book was written by a soldier. 这本书是由一位士兵写的。 3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有： We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 四、过去分词(短语)作状语 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法 表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。而现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。 1．过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address)，the little boy didn’t respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 3．过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 Given more time(＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller. 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。 Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor. 如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。 4．过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 Left (＝Although he was left) alone at home，John didn’t feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点都不害怕。 5．过去分词作方式、伴随状语。 Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 Even if invited(＝Even if I’m invited)，I won’t take part in the party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。 拓展　部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didn’t hear the sound. 由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。 Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful. 穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。 (二)过去分词作状语时的位置 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill，Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.(方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 (三)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 助记　分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Used for a long time，the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book，I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught，the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.(√) 【过关检测】 现在进行时的被动语态 一、单项选择 1．—Please wait a moment. The report _______. It will be finished soon. —OK. Take your time. A．is being written B．is written C．was written D．is writing 2．With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT. A．has introduced B．was introduced C．is introduced D．is being introduced 3．Lots of roads ______ these days. We’d better set out earlier. A．are repaired B．are being repaired C．have been repaired D．have been repairing 4．At present, Tibetan antelopes _____, illegally, for their valuable fur. A．were hunted B．are being hunted C．are hunting D．is hunted 5．There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we ________. A．are following B．have followed C．are being followed D．have been following 6．—What are you going to do this weekend? —I’m going to an exhibition of photographs which _____ these days. A．will be held B．is holding C．will hold D．is being held 7．Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts ________ to use botanical (植物的) fuel as a source of power. A．have made B．having made C．are being made D．will be making 8．The man_________ in prison now because he broke the law during the quarantine time. A．kept B．is being kept C．is keeping D．was kept 9．Rainforests ＿＿and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future. A．cut B．are cut C．are being cut D．had been cut 10．New grammar rules are constantly__________ by language authorities. A．being introduced B．be introduced C．introduced D．introducing 11．Look up! Impressive, original buildings ______ by construction workers in my neighbourhood. A．will build B．will be built C．are built D．are being built 12．The patient ___________ in the hospital right now. A．is operating on B．is operated on C．is being operated on D．has operated on 13．— “The ceremony has already started. ” — “Look! The flag is ________now. ” A．being raised B．risen C．being rose D．raising 14．Look! A snowman ________by the children in the yard now. A．is making B．is to be made C．has been making D．is being made 15．Currently, about 35,000 works ______ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．are being displayed B．displayed C．were being displayed D．being displayed 16．It remains to be seen whether all the measures ___________ now can reduce traffic jams. A．which will be taking B．which are taken C．that have been taken D．that are being taken 17．Look! A nice picture ________ for our teacher. A．is being drawn B．is drawing C．has been drawn D．draws 18．The newly-born baby _________  in hospital at present. A．is being taken good care of B．are taken good care of C．is taken good care D．has taken good care of 19．We have to hold the meeting in the small hall because the meeting room where we planned to hold the meeting________. A．is being decorated B．is decorating C．will be decorated D．being decorated 20．Right now, the deer ________ over by many volunteers. A．are watching B．watch C．have watched D．are being watched 二、语法填空 21．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 22．The museum isn’t open to the public because it (maintain) at present. 23．Preparations (make) at the moment for the reopening of the City Stadium Center. 24．I am chatting with the hairdresser while my hair (cut). 25．A new hospital (build) near my home now. It will open next year. 26．We are not allowed to enter the house now, because the walls (paint). 27．The sharks are in danger of extinction. They (kill) for their fins by humans. 28．The book report (write). It will be finished soon. 29．The report (write). It will be finished soon. 30．Look! The little girl (teach) how to spell the words. 31．Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine (test) at the moment. 32．I don’t know what (draw) by the children in the room now. 33．At present, Lily (examine) by the doctor. 34．It’s said that her paintings (show)at the gallery now. 35．People are concerned about the case that (investigate) by the police. 36．This idea is based on the principle that lions and other predators are far less likely to attack when they feel they (watch). （用所给词的适当形式填空） 37．A new kind of drug (develop) by the scientists and they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months. 38．Huge quantities of good soil (wash) away because floods happen frequently in that area. 39．African elephants (hunt). We must do something to help them. 40．How the orphaned bears raised at the PAWS are doing after their release (study) by the wildlife biologists. 41．At present more than one measure (take) to stop birds being hunted illegally. 42．The candidate who (interview) right now is my favourite. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 43．Please keep quiet. The news (report) and I can’t hear a single word. 44．You have to wait for a week. The novel (publish) at present. 45．The lions (feed) by the keeper at the moment. 46．Many proposals (discuss) during the “two sessions” at present. 47．At this moment, smaller cars (sweep)away around me by the flood. All I can do is sit in my truck. 48．We also need to teach our children not to stand by silently while others (hurt). 49．Much progress is (make) in science and technology in China. 50．A wonderful Spring Festival party is (hold) by my family. 51．In the rainforest of the Amazon, 50 to 150 plant species (destroy) every day. 52．A survey (carry) out now about whether students should have lessons during the holidays. 53．I am sure the experiment which (do) at the moment will be a great success. 54．Today the public is much concerned about the way nature (ruin). 55．Now the patients (look) after by the nurses, and we hope they recover as soon as possible. 56．Wait a minute, please. The file (download) by another person. 57．The number of these endangered animals is increasing. It shows that they (protect) in this area now. 58．More funds (raise) for research into wildlife protection nowadays. 59．Listen! Tom (praise) by our English teacher. 60．Look! The classroom (clean) by the students now. 过去分词 1．Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant ________ (build) into my phone. 2．________ (publish) in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris. 3．Experts point out that the phenomenon between children and parents________(find) in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional ones. 4．The city library________(build) in the last century is still in good condition. 5．I am going to have my letters________(post) tomorrow if I have got them ready by then. 6．__________ (compare)with developed countries, the South Africa has a long way to go in the economy. 7．The first challenge for all the learners ______(involve) in the e-learning area is that your contents should be available on smartphones and mobile Internet devices. 8．___________ (employ) by an international company, he earns quite a large amount of money. 9．Men remain better _________(pay) than women in many occupations, particularly in industry. 10．At that time, a few institutions of higher education began to admit women in_________(restrict) numbers. 11．Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones _________(release) by the body. 12．Rescue teams are trying to save the people ________ (trap) under buildings. 13．The film,_____ (base) on a true story, has attracted people’s attention all over the country. 14．He had his study ______(interrupt) when the war broke out. 15．Dr. David McCleland studied one hundred people, ________ (age) eighteen to sixty, to prove the point. 16．________ (locate) in the central area, the price of the house is high. 17．A film ________ (call) Better Days has become a hit and raised concern of a large number of people. 18．About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar _________ (turn) up to his ears, hurried toward him. 19．She had her wallet and cellphone ________(steal) on the subway, so she called 110 for help. 20． Looking at his serious face__________(reflect) in the mirror, he felt there was no hope for finding a better solution to the problem. 21．Nervously ______ (face) with challenges, I know I will whisper to myself “Be yourself”. 22．It is difficult to attract the animals to cameras _____________(hide) in snowy forests. 23．______(serve) on different occasions and playing a significant part in daily communication, tea is everywhere on the globe today. 24．A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one ________(estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars. 25．Fully ________ (absorb) in the fascinating novel, he didn’t notice evening approaching. 26．Now that we have discussed the problem, are people happy with the decisions ________ (take)? 27．The scientists, ________(commit) to the research of the Mars, found no signs of life there. 28．I’m trying to use the Wi-Fi, but I can’t get my computer _____(connect). 29．Some tools __________ (unearth) there indicate the early cultural abilities of our human ancestors. 30．With great attention ________(pay) in support of national fitness, new sports begin to trend. 31．________(equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more. 32．________(seat) next to the gate thoughtfully, the old man didn’t notice the people walking in and out at all. 33．Hearing the noise, mum rushed into the room and found her favourite vase ________(break) into pieces. 34．The exhibition, ____________ (sponsor) by the local government, will illustrate how life evolved from water. 35．The girl _______ (dress) in red came to the party at last and all the people present clapped warmly. 36．They live in the room ________(decorate) with flowers and balloons. 37．Greatly________(inspire) by Wang Yaping’s success, many girls are determined to become astronauts one day. 38．They managed to make themselves___________ (understand) by using very simple English. 39．Finally, the company, ____________ (head) by its new manager, started to make a profit. 40．The manager would like to see the work________(finish) tomorrow morning. 41．The college students________(select) to participate in the community epidemic prevention service during the Spring Festival are all from the local area. 42．The local government has already collected three million dollars, ________(intend) for the environment improvement. 43．The monitor likes to keep the tables and stools _____ (polish)and everything arranged in perfect order. 44．A tidal wave ________(cause) by the earthquake hit the coast, causing catastrophic damage. 45．________ (see) from space, the earth looks like a huge water ball, with a few patches of land sticking out of water. 46．The English today is quite different from the English ________ (speak) three hundred years ago. 47．Most of the artists ________ (invite) to the meeting were scientists. 48．________(surround) by students, the teacher is giving a speech about culture shock. 49．It is your duty to keep your boss _________(inform)of the situation here. 50．Deeply ________ to the matter, he has to answer all the related questions. (relate) 51．He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless ________ (speak) to. 52．________ (present) with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between. 53．Happiness is like a small stone ________ (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples. 54．Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen was selected to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries ________ (submit) from 35 countries. 55．A huge number of works ________ (paint) by students are on display. 56．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention ________ (fix) on it. 57．With all the problems_________(solve), they went home happily. 58．________ (remind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck. 59．Seeing our fruits of labor________(pack) and loaded onto the truck, we all felt satisfied. 60．The project________(design) to help the students in need didn’t work out as planned. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 06必修第二册重要语法突破讲义 目录 Part one 现在进行时态的被动语态 Part two 过去分词 第一部分：现在进行时态的被动语态 1．现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式 形式 结构 肯定形式 主语＋be(am，is，are)＋being＋done 否定形式 主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋being＋done 一般疑问式 be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done 2.现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义 (1)表示某事/某人此时此刻正在被……。 The criminal is being watched over by a policeman. 那名罪犯正由一名警察看守。 The bridge is being repaired. 这座桥正在被修复。 (2)表示某事/某人现阶段正在被……。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 这些天许多有趣的实验正在进行着。(说话时并不一定正在进行) (3)表示一种经常性的被动行为，常与always，constantly，frequently等词连用，表示赞赏(扬)、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken. 我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 (4)与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。 3．现在进行时的被动语态注意要点 (1)不可遗漏being。 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) The report is being written by one of the best students. 报告正由一名最优秀的学生写着呢。 The report is well written.(系表结构) 这个报告写得很好。 (2)现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如：hold，take等)。 A party is being held tonight. 今晚将要举行一场晚会。 (3)不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 这本书是他的。 [误]The book is being belonged to him. [正]The book belongs to him. (4)一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。 玛丽，过来，有你的电话。 [误]Mary，come here.You’re being wanted on the phone. [正]Mary，come here.You’re wanted on the phone. (5)“be＋under/in”等“介词＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 第二部分：过去分词 一、过去分词作定语 1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers浇过水的花 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. ＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别： (1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。 The question discussed was very important. 讨论过的那个问题很重要。 The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。 (2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 3．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别： 　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。 While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。 3．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 6．非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别： (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)： hear＋宾语＋ I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行) I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成) To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性) (2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较 make＋宾语＋ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。 I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies. 我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。 have＋宾语＋ Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。 He had us laughing all through the meal. 整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 get＋宾语＋ He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄信。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。 I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。 keep＋宾语＋ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。 She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。 (3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 with＋ WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly；whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody. 微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。 With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully. 由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。 三、过去分词作表语 1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。 I felt confused，even bored. 我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The book is well written.这本书写得好。 The book was written by a soldier. 这本书是由一位士兵写的。 3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有： We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 四、过去分词(短语)作状语 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法 表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。而现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。 1．过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address)，the little boy didn’t respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 3．过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 Given more time(＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller. 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。 Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor. 如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。 4．过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 Left (＝Although he was left) alone at home，John didn’t feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点都不害怕。 5．过去分词作方式、伴随状语。 Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 Even if invited(＝Even if I’m invited)，I won’t take part in the party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。 拓展　部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didn’t hear the sound. 由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。 Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful. 穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。 (二)过去分词作状语时的位置 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill，Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.(方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 (三)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 助记　分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Used for a long time，the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book，I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught，the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.(√) 【过关检测】 现在进行时的被动语态 一、单项选择 1．—Please wait a moment. The report _______. It will be finished soon. —OK. Take your time. A．is being written B．is written C．was written D．is writing 2．With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT. A．has introduced B．was introduced C．is introduced D．is being introduced 3．Lots of roads ______ these days. We’d better set out earlier. A．are repaired B．are being repaired C．have been repaired D．have been repairing 4．At present, Tibetan antelopes _____, illegally, for their valuable fur. A．were hunted B．are being hunted C．are hunting D．is hunted 5．There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we ________. A．are following B．have followed C．are being followed D．have been following 6．—What are you going to do this weekend? —I’m going to an exhibition of photographs which _____ these days. A．will be held B．is holding C．will hold D．is being held 7．Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts ________ to use botanical (植物的) fuel as a source of power. A．have made B．having made C．are being made D．will be making 8．The man_________ in prison now because he broke the law during the quarantine time. A．kept B．is being kept C．is keeping D．was kept 9．Rainforests ＿＿and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future. A．cut B．are cut C．are being cut D．had been cut 10．New grammar rules are constantly__________ by language authorities. A．being introduced B．be introduced C．introduced D．introducing 11．Look up! Impressive, original buildings ______ by construction workers in my neighbourhood. A．will build B．will be built C．are built D．are being built 12．The patient ___________ in the hospital right now. A．is operating on B．is operated on C．is being operated on D．has operated on 13．— “The ceremony has already started. ” — “Look! The flag is ________now. ” A．being raised B．risen C．being rose D．raising 14．Look! A snowman ________by the children in the yard now. A．is making B．is to be made C．has been making D．is being made 15．Currently, about 35,000 works ______ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．are being displayed B．displayed C．were being displayed D．being displayed 16．It remains to be seen whether all the measures ___________ now can reduce traffic jams. A．which will be taking B．which are taken C．that have been taken D．that are being taken 17．Look! A nice picture ________ for our teacher. A．is being drawn B．is drawing C．has been drawn D．draws 18．The newly-born baby _________  in hospital at present. A．is being taken good care of B．are taken good care of C．is taken good care D．has taken good care of 19．We have to hold the meeting in the small hall because the meeting room where we planned to hold the meeting________. A．is being decorated B．is decorating C．will be decorated D．being decorated 20．Right now, the deer ________ over by many volunteers. A．are watching B．watch C．have watched D．are being watched 二、语法填空 21．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 22．The museum isn’t open to the public because it (maintain) at present. 23．Preparations (make) at the moment for the reopening of the City Stadium Center. 24．I am chatting with the hairdresser while my hair (cut). 25．A new hospital (build) near my home now. It will open next year. 26．We are not allowed to enter the house now, because the walls (paint). 27．The sharks are in danger of extinction. They (kill) for their fins by humans. 28．The book report (write). It will be finished soon. 29．The report (write). It will be finished soon. 30．Look! The little girl (teach) how to spell the words. 31．Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine (test) at the moment. 32．I don’t know what (draw) by the children in the room now. 33．At present, Lily (examine) by the doctor. 34．It’s said that her paintings (show)at the gallery now. 35．People are concerned about the case that (investigate) by the police. 36．This idea is based on the principle that lions and other predators are far less likely to attack when they feel they (watch). （用所给词的适当形式填空） 37．A new kind of drug (develop) by the scientists and they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months. 38．Huge quantities of good soil (wash) away because floods happen frequently in that area. 39．African elephants (hunt). We must do something to help them. 40．How the orphaned bears raised at the PAWS are doing after their release (study) by the wildlife biologists. 41．At present more than one measure (take) to stop birds being hunted illegally. 42．The candidate who (interview) right now is my favourite. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 43．Please keep quiet. The news (report) and I can’t hear a single word. 44．You have to wait for a week. The novel (publish) at present. 45．The lions (feed) by the keeper at the moment. 46．Many proposals (discuss) during the “two sessions” at present. 47．At this moment, smaller cars (sweep)away around me by the flood. All I can do is sit in my truck. 48．We also need to teach our children not to stand by silently while others (hurt). 49．Much progress is (make) in science and technology in China. 50．A wonderful Spring Festival party is (hold) by my family. 51．In the rainforest of the Amazon, 50 to 150 plant species (destroy) every day. 52．A survey (carry) out now about whether students should have lessons during the holidays. 53．I am sure the experiment which (do) at the moment will be a great success. 54．Today the public is much concerned about the way nature (ruin). 55．Now the patients (look) after by the nurses, and we hope they recover as soon as possible. 56．Wait a minute, please. The file (download) by another person. 57．The number of these endangered animals is increasing. It shows that they (protect) in this area now. 58．More funds (raise) for research into wildlife protection nowadays. 59．Listen! Tom (praise) by our English teacher. 60．Look! The classroom (clean) by the students now. 参考答案 1．A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：——请稍等。报告正在写。它很快就会完工。——好的。慢慢来。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合句意可知，此处为现在进行时，report和动词write为被动关系，所以为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故选A项。 2．D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：随着科学的发展，更多新技术正在被引入信息科技领域。根据句意可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时，“technology”和“introduce”之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态be being done的形式。故选D项。 3．B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这些天许多道路正在修理中。我们最好早点出发。根据“these days”和“We’d better set out earlier.”可知，此处表示动作正在进行中，时态应用现在进行时，repair“修理”和主语Lots of roads之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选B。 4．B 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：目前，藏羚羊因其珍贵的皮毛而被非法猎杀。结合句意知Tibetan antelopes与动词hunt之间为被动关系，由时间状语At present可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时的被动语态are being hunted，故选B项。 5．C 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：有人在我们后面走。我认为有人在跟踪我们。we和follow为被动关系，需用被动语态；结合“There’s somebody walking behind us.”可知，此处表示“我们正在被跟踪”应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 6．D 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：——这个周末你打算做什么？——我要去参加一个最近正在举行的摄影展。设空处为从句谓语，根据these days可知表示这些天正在举行的展览，应用现在进行时，主语which指代先行词an exhibition of photographs和谓语之间是被动语态，并且主语是单数，谓语用第三人称单数，故选D。 7．C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于俄罗斯天然气对欧洲的限制，人们正在尝试使用植物燃料作为能源。表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态，用现在进行时；主语attempts与谓语动词make之间是被动关系，用被动语态。综上，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 8．B 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这名男子现在被关押在监狱里，因为他在隔离期间违法了。根据时间状语now可知，此处应用现在进行时。动词keep与主语The man之间是被动关系，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，表示某人正在被……，主谓一致，故选B项。 9．C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁，以至于未来它们将从地球上消失。从will disappear用的将来时，可推出，森林应是正在被砍伐，所以用现在进行时，Rainforests与cut之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 10．A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：语言权威机构不断推出新的语法规则。动词introduce与主语New grammar rules是被动关系，根据are constantly和by language authorities以及句意可知，空处应用现在进行时的被动语态，表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作。故选A项。 11．D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：抬头看!我家附近的建筑工人正在建造一些令人印象深刻的原创建筑。根据“Look up!”可知，用现在进行时表示正在发生的事情。主语buildings与build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D。 12．C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：病人正在医院里做手术。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语right now可知，句子表示动作正在进行中，时态应用现在进行时，operate on“给……做手术”和主语The patient之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 13．A 【详解】考查语态。句意：——“仪式已经开始了。”——“看!现在升旗了。”raise是及物动词，rise是不及物动词，不能用被动。flag和raise是被动关系，所以应用被动式语态。故选A。 14．D 【详解】考查时态。句意：看！孩子们正在院子里堆雪人。由look和now可知，句子描述正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，且主语A snowman和动词make是被动关系，应用现在进行的被动，主语是单数，be动词应用is，故选D。 15．A 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：目前，约有3.5万件作品在卢浮宫的300多个房间中展出，要想一饱眼福，恐怕要花上一辈子的时间。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语currently可知，此处应使用现在进行时，display与句子主语about 35,000 works为被动关系，所以使用现在进行时态的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。故选A项。 16．D 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：目前正在采取的所有措施能否减少交通堵塞还有待观察。空格处应填定语从句，修饰先行词measures，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因为measures被代词all修饰，应用关系代词that引导从句，根据时间状语now可知应用现在进行时，且measures和谓语动词take之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D项。 17．A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：看！一幅漂亮的画正在绘制给我们的老师。根据“Look!”可知，句子描述的是现在正在发生的事情，需用现在进行时，可排除C和D项，且主语A nice picture和draw之间是被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态，可排除B项。故选A。 18．A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个新生儿目前正在医院被很好地照顾。主语the newly-born baby是单数，谓语动词也应是单数，排除B；由于新生儿不能照顾别人，只能是被照顾，故选被动的形式，排除D；由at present（目前现在）可知，应选现在进行时态，故选现在进行时的被动语态，即答案A。故选A。 19．A 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我们不得不在小会议室里召开会议，因为原计划举行会议的会议室正在被装修。由“We have to hold the meeting in the small hall”可知，原计划举行会议的会议室正在被装修，空格处所在部分用现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，主语meeting是单数，因此空格处是is being decorated。故选A。 20．D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：现在，这些鹿正由许多志愿者看管着。由该句的Right now时间状语可知，该句应为现在进行时，结合the deer和动词watch over为被动关系，所以此处动词为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故选D项。 21．is being repaired 【详解】考查现在进行时，被动语态。句意：这星期我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“所以我不得不手洗衣服”可知，我的洗衣机正在维修；“洗衣机是被维修”，所以此处要用被动语态；主语为“My washing machine”为第三人称单数，所以为is being repaired。故填is being repaired。 22．is being maintained 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这个博物馆目前正在维修，所以不对外开放。设空处在because引导的从句中作谓语；由at present可知，从句时态是现在进行时，从句主语it指代The museum，与动词maintain之间是被动关系，因此从句用现在进行时的被动语态，主语it是单数，因此空格处是is being maintained。故填is being maintained。 23．are being made 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：此刻正在为城市体育场中心的重新开放做准备工作。根据时间状语at the moment可知，空处表示正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，动词make与主语Preparations之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语是复数，be动词使用are。故填are being made。 24．is being cut 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：理发时，我正在和理发师聊天。while引导的时间状语从句用现在进行时，头发是被剪，因此空格处是现在进行时的被动语态，hair是不可数名词，因此空格处是is being cut。故填is being cut。 25．is being built 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我家附近正在建一家新医院。它将于明年开放。动词build“建造”和主语A new library是被动关系，根据后面now可推知此处表示“正在被建”，句子应使用现在进行时的被动语态， 主语A new library是第三人称单数形式，be动词用is。故填is being built。 26．are being painted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们现在不允许进屋，因为墙正在粉刷。根据句中are not allowed可知，句子描述现在的情况，且结合语意，我们不允许进屋是因为墙正在被粉刷，所以空处应用现在进行时，paint与主语the walls之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语the walls是复数，be动词应用are。故填are being painted。 27．are being killed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：鲨鱼有灭绝的危险。它们因鱼鳍正在被人类杀死。表示现在正在进行的动作，主语They和谓语动词kill是被动关系，kill用现在进行时的被动语态，主语They，谓语复数形式。故填are being killed。 28．is being written 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：报告正在写。它很快就会被完成。结合语意可知，报告很快将会完成，所以空处表示报告正在写，句子时态应用现在进行时，write“写”与主语The report之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，且主语The report是第三人称单数，be动词应用is。故填is being written。 29．is being written 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：报告正在写。它很快就会被完成。结合语意可知，报告很快将会完成，所以空处表示报告正在写，句子应用现在进行时，write与主语The report之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，且主语The report是单数，be动词应用is。故填is being written。 30．is being taught 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：看！这个小女孩正在学习如何拼写单词。动词teach和主语之间是被动关系，根据前文“Look！”可知，应用现在进行时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is being taught。 31．is being tested 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：哦，我忘了告诉你了。这台新机器正在试验中。动词test和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意和at the moment可知，应用现在进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行的动作。主语the new machine是第三人称单数形式，主谓一致。故填is being tested。 32．is being drawn 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我不知道现在房间里的孩子们正在画什么。由now可知，孩子们正在画画，画是被孩子们画，因此空格处用现在进行时的被动语态，即is/am/are being done，主语是what，空格处谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是is being drawn，故填is being drawn。 33．is being examined 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：现在，莉莉正在接受医生的检查。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句At present可知，此处应为现在进行时，Lily和动词examine为被动关系，所以为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故填is being examined。 34．are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：据说她的画现在正在画廊展出。分析句子结构可知，that引导的主语从句缺谓语动词，时间状语是“now”，故用现在进行时，“her paintings”和“show”是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态be being done，主语是复数名词，故be动词用are。故填are being shown。 35．is being investigated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：人们对警方正在调查的案件很关心。根据句中are可知，句子描述现在的情况，结合语意可知，人们关心的是警方正在调查的案件，应用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句修饰先行词the case，并在定语从句中作主语，investigate与主语之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，that指代先行词the case，为单数形式，be动词应用is。故填is being investigated。 36．are being watched 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当狮子及其他捕食性动物觉得自己正被注视着时，它们就不大可能会继续袭击，这种想法就是基于这一原理。该句表示“当它们感觉正在被注视时”之意，此处为现在进行时的被动语态结构，结合主语they为复数意义代词，所以为动词复数形式。故填are being watched。 37．is being developed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：科学家们正在研制一种新药，他们希望在几个月内就能成功。根据“they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months.”可知，这种新药正在研制，所以用现在进行时。主语 a new kind of drug与develop之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is being developed。 38．are being washed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于那个地区经常发生洪水，大量的肥沃土壤被冲走了。结合句意可知，此处表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态，用现在进行时，主语soil和wash是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语由quantities of修饰谓语用复数，故填are being washed。 39．are being hunted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：非洲象正在被猎杀。我们必须做点什么来帮助他们。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，African elephants 和hunt为被动关系，再由句意可知这里时态应为现在进行时，且主语African elephants为复数。故填are being hunted。 40．is being studied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：野生动物生物学家正在研究在PAWS饲养的孤儿熊获释后的情况。分析可知，How the orphaned bears raised at the PAWS are doing after their release为句子主语，是名词性从句。动词study和主语是被动关系，根据句意和are doing可知，应用现在进行时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is being studied。 41．is being taken 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前不止一项措施正在被采取来阻止非法猎捕鸟类。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在正在发生的事情，谓语用现在进行时。主语measure和谓语动词take是被动关系，要用现在进行时的被动语态结构，more than one +单数名词作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，谓语动词用单数，系动词用is。故填is being taken。 42．is being interviewed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：现在正在被采访的那个候选人是我最喜欢的。分析句子可知，空处作who引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，修饰先行词The candidate，先行词在从句中作主语，为单数，结合right now可知，句子强调动作正在进行中，时态应用现在进行时，且interview“采访”和主语之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being interviewed。 43．is being reported 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：请保持安静。新闻正在报道中，我一个字也听不见。主语news和动词report之间是被动关系，根据“I can’t hear a single word”可知，事情正在发生，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，故填is being reported。 44．is being published 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：你得等一个星期。这部小说目前正在出版。分析句子结构可知，publish作本句谓语，根据时间状语at present，应该用现在进行时，主语是novel，为第三人称单数，且和publish之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以应是现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being published。 45．are being fed 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：狮子此刻正由饲养员喂食。由句意及时间状语 at the moment可知动作正在进行，且主语The lions 与feed之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语是复数，助动词用are，故填are being fed。 46．are being discussed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：目前“两会”期间正在讨论许多提案。根据时间状语“at present”可知，使用现在进行时，主语many proposals和discuss为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are being discussed。 47．are being swept 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：此时此刻，我周围的小型汽车被洪水冲走了。我所能做的就是坐在我的卡车里。根据时间状语at this moment可知，句子应用现在进行时，且主语cars和sweep之间为被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are being swept。 48．are being hurt 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们还需要教育我们的孩子，不要在别人受到伤害时袖手旁观。结合句意可知，表示别人正在做某事，所以用现在进行时。主语others与hurt之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are being hurt。 49．being made 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：中国的科学技术正在取得很大进展。结合is和句意，主语Much progress和谓语动词make是被动关系，现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时的被动语态（is being done）。故填being made。 50．being held 【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：我的家人正在举办一个精彩的春节晚会。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由“A wonderful Spring Festival party”可知，句子表示“我的家人正在举办一个精彩的春节晚会”，描述正在发生的事情，因此空格处是现在进行时的被动语态，即be being done，空前有is，因此空格处是being held，故填being held。 51．are being destroyed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在亚马逊雨林中，每天都有50到150种植物遭到破坏。照应时间状语“every day”应用一般现在时，但是结合句意，表示某种“惋惜”的感情色彩，故用现在进行时表示破坏的严重性。结合主语“50 to 150 plant species”为动作的承受者，为复数，故谓语动词用被动语态，用复数。故填are being destroyed。 52．is being carried 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：现在正在进行一项关于学生是否应该在假期上课的调查。主语survey和动词短语carry out之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“now”可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，be动词用is。故填is being carried。 53．is being done 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我相信目前正在进行的实验将会取得巨大成功。分析句子可知，which引导定语从句，指代先行词experiment在从句中作主语，和动词do之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“at the moment”可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，关系代词which指代experiment表示单数意义，be动词用is。故填is being done。 54．is being ruined 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：现今，公众非常关注大自然被破坏的方式。way后面的句子是定语从句，根据时间状语today可知，句子描述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，ruin与主语nature之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语nature是不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is being ruined。 55．are being looked 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意：现在这些病人正在被护士照顾，我们希望他们尽快痊愈。patients和look after之间是被动关系，根据句意可知此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，且主语为复数，故填are being looked。 56．is being downloaded 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意：请稍等，这个文件正在被另一个人下载。该空所给动词download(下载)在句中作谓语，与主语file(文件)为被动关系，文件被下载，应使用被动语态；根据语境，让稍等，说明此时文件正在被使用，应使用现在进行时；主语file为可数名词单数。故填is being downloaded。 57．are being protected 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这些濒危动物的数量正在增加。这表明它们现在在这个地区正受到保护。谓语动词protect和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意和句中状语now可知，此处应使用现在进行时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填are being protected。 58．are being raised 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：现在正在为野生动物保护研究筹集更多的资金。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示动作正在发生应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语funds，谓语用复数。故填are being raised。 59．is being praised 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：听！汤姆受到了我们英语老师的表扬。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据Listen可知，句子为现在进行时态；主语和该动词之间为被动关系。综上所述，空处用现在进行时态的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数形式。故填is being praised。 60．is being cleaned 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：看！学生们现在正在打扫教室。由Look可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，由by可知，教室被打扫，空格处用现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，主语classroom是单数，因此空格处是is being cleaned。故填is being cleaned。 过去分词 1．Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant ________ (build) into my phone. 2．________ (publish) in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris. 3．Experts point out that the phenomenon between children and parents________(find) in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional ones. 4．The city library________(build) in the last century is still in good condition. 5．I am going to have my letters________(post) tomorrow if I have got them ready by then. 6．__________ (compare)with developed countries, the South Africa has a long way to go in the economy. 7．The first challenge for all the learners ______(involve) in the e-learning area is that your contents should be available on smartphones and mobile Internet devices. 8．___________ (employ) by an international company, he earns quite a large amount of money. 9．Men remain better _________(pay) than women in many occupations, particularly in industry. 10．At that time, a few institutions of higher education began to admit women in_________(restrict) numbers. 11．Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones _________(release) by the body. 12．Rescue teams are trying to save the people ________ (trap) under buildings. 13．The film,_____ (base) on a true story, has attracted people’s attention all over the country. 14．He had his study ______(interrupt) when the war broke out. 15．Dr. David McCleland studied one hundred people, ________ (age) eighteen to sixty, to prove the point. 16．________ (locate) in the central area, the price of the house is high. 17．A film ________ (call) Better Days has become a hit and raised concern of a large number of people. 18．About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar _________ (turn) up to his ears, hurried toward him. 19．She had her wallet and cellphone ________(steal) on the subway, so she called 110 for help. 20． Looking at his serious face__________(reflect) in the mirror, he felt there was no hope for finding a better solution to the problem. 21．Nervously ______ (face) with challenges, I know I will whisper to myself “Be yourself”. 22．It is difficult to attract the animals to cameras _____________(hide) in snowy forests. 23．______(serve) on different occasions and playing a significant part in daily communication, tea is everywhere on the globe today. 24．A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one ________(estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars. 25．Fully ________ (absorb) in the fascinating novel, he didn’t notice evening approaching. 26．Now that we have discussed the problem, are people happy with the decisions ________ (take)? 27．The scientists, ________(commit) to the research of the Mars, found no signs of life there. 28．I’m trying to use the Wi-Fi, but I can’t get my computer _____(connect). 29．Some tools __________ (unearth) there indicate the early cultural abilities of our human ancestors. 30．With great attention ________(pay) in support of national fitness, new sports begin to trend. 31．________(equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more. 32．________(seat) next to the gate thoughtfully, the old man didn’t notice the people walking in and out at all. 33．Hearing the noise, mum rushed into the room and found her favourite vase ________(break) into pieces. 34．The exhibition, ____________ (sponsor) by the local government, will illustrate how life evolved from water. 35．The girl _______ (dress) in red came to the party at last and all the people present clapped warmly. 36．They live in the room ________(decorate) with flowers and balloons. 37．Greatly________(inspire) by Wang Yaping’s success, many girls are determined to become astronauts one day. 38．They managed to make themselves___________ (understand) by using very simple English. 39．Finally, the company, ____________ (head) by its new manager, started to make a profit. 40．The manager would like to see the work________(finish) tomorrow morning. 41．The college students________(select) to participate in the community epidemic prevention service during the Spring Festival are all from the local area. 42．The local government has already collected three million dollars, ________(intend) for the environment improvement. 43．The monitor likes to keep the tables and stools _____ (polish)and everything arranged in perfect order. 44．A tidal wave ________(cause) by the earthquake hit the coast, causing catastrophic damage. 45．________ (see) from space, the earth looks like a huge water ball, with a few patches of land sticking out of water. 46．The English today is quite different from the English ________ (speak) three hundred years ago. 47．Most of the artists ________ (invite) to the meeting were scientists. 48．________(surround) by students, the teacher is giving a speech about culture shock. 49．It is your duty to keep your boss _________(inform)of the situation here. 50．Deeply ________ to the matter, he has to answer all the related questions. (relate) 51．He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless ________ (speak) to. 52．________ (present) with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between. 53．Happiness is like a small stone ________ (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples. 54．Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen was selected to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries ________ (submit) from 35 countries. 55．A huge number of works ________ (paint) by students are on display. 56．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention ________ (fix) on it. 57．With all the problems_________(solve), they went home happily. 58．________ (remind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck. 59．Seeing our fruits of labor________(pack) and loaded onto the truck, we all felt satisfied. 60．The project________(design) to help the students in need didn’t work out as planned. 答案 1．built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏了人工智能，我的手机里有了我自己的超级智能私人助理。“get+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，my own super-smart personal assistant 和build为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填built。 2．Published 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：出版于1831年的《巴黎圣母院》讲述了巴黎发生的悲惨事件。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，且The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 和publish为被动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应用过去分词作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Published。 3．found 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家指出，在现代社会中发现的孩子和父母之间的现象在传统社会中通常不存在。根据句中谓语“does not exist”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作定语修饰“the phenomenon”，并与之形成被动关系，故应为过去分词形式。故填found。 4．built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：建于上个世纪的城市图书馆仍然保存完好。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，library和build之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填built。 5．posted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：如果我明天把信准备好了，我就把它们寄出去。have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被……”，my letters和动词post是被动关系，因此空格处是过去分词posted，故填posted。 6．Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与发达国家相比，南非的经济还有很长的路要走。逻辑主语the South Africa与compare之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据句意，故填Compared。 7．involved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于所有参与在线学习领域的学习者来说，第一个挑战是你的内容应该在智能手机和移动互联网设备上可用。分析句子可知，空处作all the learners的后置定语，是非谓语动词，且involve和all the learners逻辑上是被动关系，应用involve的过去分词形式involved。故填involved。 8．Employed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他受雇于一家跨国公司，赚了一大笔钱。分析句子，句中earns为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。employ为动词，意为“雇佣”，he和employ之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Employed。 9．paid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多行业，尤其是工业领域，男性的收入仍然高于女性。分析句子可知，空处作remain的表语，是非谓语动词，且pay和Men逻辑上是被动关系，应用pay的过去分词形式paid。故填paid。 10．restricted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，一些高等教育机构开始招收数量有限的女性。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰numbers，restrict与所修饰词number之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填restricted。 11．released 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们早就知道，在对压力的“斗争或逃避”反应中，身体释放的某些激素起着重要作用。分析句子可知，空格处作certain hormones的后置定语，是非谓语动词，且release和certain hormones逻辑上是被动关系，release应用过去分词形式released。故填released。 12．trapped 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：救援队正在努力营救被困在建筑物下的人。此处为非谓语动词，动词trap和people之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填trapped。 13．based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部根据真实故事改编的电影吸引了全国各地的人们的注意。has attracted为谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词形式作定语，be based on为固定短语，意为“以……为基础”，作非谓语动词时，去掉be。故填based。 14．interrupted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：战争爆发时，他的学习中断了。had在主句中作谓语动词，空格处填入interrupt的适当形式作宾语补足语，interrupt和宾语his study之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填interrupted。 15．aged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：戴维·麦克莱兰博士对100个年龄在18到60岁之间的人进行了研究，以证明自己的论点。studied是谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词作定语，people和动词age之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填aged。 16．Located 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这所房子位于市中心，价格很高。动词locate和逻辑主语house之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Located。 17．called 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一部名为《美好时光》的电影大受欢迎，引起了许多人的关注。call修饰名词film，且为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填called。 18．turned 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：大约二十分钟后，一个穿着长大衣的高个子男人，衣领一直翻到耳朵，匆匆向他走来。分析句子可知，“with collar _____ up to his ears”为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，“collar”和“turn”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“turn”的过去分词“turned”作宾补。故填turned。 19．stolen 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她的钱包和手机在地铁上被偷了，所以她打了110求助。钱包和手机是被偷，have sth. done意为“让某物被……”，因此空格处用过去分词stolen。故填stolen。 20．reflected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看着镜子里自己严肃的脸，他觉得没有希望找到更好的解决办法了。句中谓语是felt，空格处用非谓语动词，face和reflect之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填reflected。 21．faced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战，我知道我会对自己说:“做你自己”。be faced with面对，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。根据句意，故填faced。 22．hidden 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要把动物吸引到隐藏在雪林中的摄像机前是很困难的。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，cameras和hide之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填hidden。 23．Served 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，茶在不同的场合被饮用，在日常交流中扮演着重要的角色，在全球无处不在。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词作状语，serve和主语tea之间是逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Served。 24．estimated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大英博物馆收藏并展出了大量的画作，其中最著名的一幅估计价值超过8000万美元。分析句子可知，“the most famous one 　　　　　　　　(estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars”是独立主格结构作状语，estimate与逻辑主语the most famous one（one指代painting）是被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填estimated。 25．absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全神贯注地看那本引人入胜的小说，没有注意到夜幕降临。be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词作状语。根据句意，故填absorbed。 26．taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：既然我们已经讨论了这个问题，人们对所做的决定满意吗？分析可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语decisions和take之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生，故应用过去分词表被动和完成。故填taken。 27．committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于火星研究的科学家们在那里没有发现生命的迹象。句子谓语为found，故设空处为非谓语动词，commit与逻辑主语The scientists之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，短语committed to意为“决心从事……，致力于……”，过去分词短语作后置定语，故填committed。 28．connected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正在尝试使用Wi-Fi，但是我的电脑连接不上。get sth. done为固定用法，意为“使某事被做”，空处需填过去分词表被动作宾语补足语。故填connected。 29．unearthed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里出土的一些工具表明了我们人类祖先的早期文化能力。分析句子可知，“(unearth) there”在句中作后置定语，unearth(发掘)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语tools之间是被动关系，且“发掘”这一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词表被动和完成。故填unearthed。 30．paid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着对全民健身的重视，新型体育运动开始兴起。此处为with的复合结构，且attention与pay构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填paid。 41．selected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：入选春节期间参加社区防疫服务的大学生均来自当地。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以select应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是college students，两者间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填selected。 42．intended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当地政府已经筹集了300万美元，用于改善环境。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处是非谓语动词。根据“three million dollars”和“for the environment improvement”可知，此处用固定短语be intended for sb./sth.，表示“为……而提供（设计）的”，空处用intend的过去分词形式作three million dollars的后置定语，对其作补充说明。故填intended。 43．polished 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：班长喜欢把桌凳擦得亮亮的，一切都安排得井井有条。此处为“keep sth. done”结构，表示“使某事被做”，polish与the tables and stools之间为被动关系。故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填polished。 44．caused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地震引发的海啸袭击了海岸，造成了灾难性的损失。句子的谓语是hit，设空处为非谓语动词，动词cause，意为“造成，引起”，与逻辑主语A tidal wave之间为动宾关系，设空处应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填caused。 45．Seen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从太空看，地球就像一个大的水球，带着几小块土地从水里突出来。分析句子成分，谓语动词为looks，故空处需要用非谓语的形式；主语the earth和动词see是动宾关系，表示“地球被看”，故需要用过去分词的形式表被动；位于句首需要大写首字母。故填seen。 46．spoken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天的英语和三百年前说的英语大不相同。分析句子结构可知，speak与English构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填spoken。 47．invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大部分被邀请参会的艺术家都是科学家。分析句子结构，谓语动词为be动词were，故空处动词需要用非谓语的形式；主语Most of the artists和动词invite为动宾关系，故需要用过去分词作后置定语。故填invited。 48．Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在学生的簇拥下，老师正在做一场关于文化冲击的演讲。分析句子结构及句意可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，主语the teacher和surround之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，作状语， be surrounded by意为“被……所包围”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Surrounded。 49．informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你有责任随时向老板通报这里的情况。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词inform和被修饰的名词boss是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作补语。故填informed。 50．related 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与此事关系密切，他必须回答所有相关的问题。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语且与逻辑主语he之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填related。 51．spoken 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及状语从句的省略。句意：他是个沉默寡言的人。除非和他说话，否则他从不说话。分析句子可知，设空处是句子的条件状语，和逻辑主语he是被动关系，应使用过去分词speaken；从另一方面解析，此处应当是条件状语从句的谓语部分，完整的条件状语从句是：unless he is speaken to，根据状语从句省略原则可以省略从句中的主语和助动词be，故填spoken。 52．Presented　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：举个例子，面对两份工作，我们可能想知道我们到底在什么之间选择。present与逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母大写。故填Presented。 53．dropped　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸福就像一颗小石头掉进池塘里，激起一圈涟漪。此处drop意为“投，丢”，drop与逻辑主语stone构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填dropped。 54．submitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，冰墩墩从来自35个国家的5800多份参赛作品中脱颖而出，被选为2019年北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物。submit与entries是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填submitted。 55．painted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大量的学生绘画作品正在展出。paint和works是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填painted。 56．fixed 　 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆聚精会神地听讲座，所有的注意力都集中在了上面。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处为with复合结构，fix和attention是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填fixed。 57．solved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：所有问题都解决了，他们高高兴兴地回家了。本句中With all the problems________(solve)为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语all the problems与动词solve之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填solved。 58．Reminded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：即使被提醒酒后不要开车，一些司机仍然想要碰运气。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，主语some drivers与remind之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故填Reminded。 59．packed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到我们的劳动成果装上卡车，我们都感到很满足。所给词pack是动词，此处用作非谓语动词，和宾语fruits of labor之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填packed。 60．designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：旨在帮助有需要的学生的项目没有按计划进行。分析句子结构可知，design与逻辑主语project构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填designed。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$